From 0c9aa36faca2f04f78ff4a777ca20e262ec9afca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2024 14:21:17 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-10-04 14:16:10 --- .../87/7F0187BBE8224215FE49FE245F49F8C8.xml | 330 + .../87/7F0187BBE8264214FD8EFB145E44FEE8.xml | 1237 +++ .../87/7F0187BBE82C421BFD9FFF0459C4FBD5.xml | 347 + .../87/7F0187BBE831420AFD90FB325F90FE18.xml | 811 ++ .../87/7F0187BBE8354201FD86FA445E02FB9E.xml | 398 + .../87/7F0187BBE8374207FD95FB325989FBF8.xml | 482 ++ .../87/7F0187BBE838420DFD5BFF045F5CFC35.xml | 405 + .../87/7F0187BBE83B4210FDB3FBA258EDFBF8.xml | 587 ++ .../87/7F0187BBE83C4209FD5FFDB45EBBF958.xml | 527 ++ .../87/7F0187BBE848427CFDAFFB695F44FB9E.xml | 7501 +---------------- .../87/7F0187BBE84A4203FDA3FB6959FDFA08.xml | 799 ++ .../87/7F0187BBE84C4278FD89FE245E36F97E.xml | 531 +- .../87/7F0187BBE84F427EFE43FF045F56FBD5.xml | 394 + .../87/7F0187BBE8514265FD89FC825F0CFD88.xml | 1315 +-- .../87/7F0187BBE8534268FDFBFDC45976FBA5.xml | 1273 +++ .../87/7F0187BBE8704248FC90FD725801FD38.xml | 773 -- .../87/7F0187BBE870424CFC90FD725EAAF8EE.xml | 1410 ++++ 17 files changed, 9185 insertions(+), 9935 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8224215FE49FE245F49F8C8.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8264214FD8EFB145E44FEE8.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE82C421BFD9FFF0459C4FBD5.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE831420AFD90FB325F90FE18.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8354201FD86FA445E02FB9E.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8374207FD95FB325989FBF8.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE838420DFD5BFF045F5CFC35.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83B4210FDB3FBA258EDFBF8.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83C4209FD5FFDB45EBBF958.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84A4203FDA3FB6959FDFA08.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84F427EFE43FF045F56FBD5.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8534268FDFBFDC45976FBA5.xml delete mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8704248FC90FD725801FD38.xml create mode 100644 data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE870424CFC90FD725EAAF8EE.xml diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8224215FE49FE245F49F8C8.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8224215FE49FE245F49F8C8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2f0d3ffa399 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8224215FE49FE245F49F8C8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,330 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum +(Dias, Silva, Oliveira & Roxo, 2018) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 45 +; +Tab. 9 +) + + + +Hisonotus jumaorum +Dias, Silva, Oliveira & Roxo, 2018:578 + +(Type-locality: +Brazil +, Amazonas state, municipality of Apuí, rio Juma, tributary of rio Aripuanã, rio Madeira basin, +07°12’43.7”S +59°55’19.6”W +. +Holotype +: MZUSP 123835). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum + +is distinguished from congeners, except + +R. acuen + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, and + +R. dinizae + +, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; +vs. +light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except + +R. acuen + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, + +R. dinizae + +, and + +R. hera + +, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( +vs. +adipose fin or platelets present). + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum + +is distinguished from + +R. acuen + +by having oral teeth brown ( +vs. +light ochre), and by the relative proportion of caudal peduncle depth and body width (caudal peduncle depth 35.4–39.0% +vs. +39.2–45.0% cleithral width). It is distinguished from + +R. chromodontus + +by having the caudal fin with a dark blotch at the base and two irregular dark bands ( +vs. +caudal fin mostly brown, with two hyaline spot on upper and lower lobes), the dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines with 2–3 dark dots ( +vs. +spines homogeneously dusky), a shorter pectoral-fin spine (23.3–26.7% +vs. +26.7–29.5% SL and 60.8–68.9% +vs. +71.4–78.4% HL), and narrower body (cleithral width 22.4–24.9% +vs. +24.9–27.9% SL and 59.4–67.2% +vs. +67.7–76.2% HL). + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum + +is distinguished from + +R. dinizae + +by having teeth with brown cusps ( +vs. +cusps light ochre); a shorter pectoral-fin spine (23.3–26.7% +vs. +28.1–30.0% SL); a shorter head (36.4–39.7% +vs. +40.0–41.8% SL); and more numerous teeth (20–33 premaxillary +vs. +16–19, and 18–28 dentary +vs. +12–15). + + + + +FIGURE +45 | + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum +, MCP + +54758, 27.0 mm SL, male, rio Juma on vicinal road +ca +. +6 km +from Transamazon road (BR-230), Apuí, Amazonas, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum + +occurs in the rio Juma, a small tributary to the rio Aripuanã and the rio Acari, a tributary to the rio Canumã, rio Madeira basin, in state of Amazonas, +Brazil +( +Fig. 43 +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum + +was also described as a member of + +Hisonotus + +by Dias +et al +. (2018), disregarding the study of Calegari +et al +. (2017) which redefined + +Hisonotus + +and restricted its distribution to the La Plata basin and coastal rivers from +Uruguay +to +Espirito Santo State +, +Brazil +. For this reason, and based on the fact that + +Hisonotus jumaorum + +shares some diagnostic features of + +Curculionichthys + +and is distributed in Amazon tributaries running on the Brazilian Shield, Calegari +et al +. (2018) reallocated the species as + +Curculionichthys jumaorum + +. Roxo +et al +. (2019), however, transfered the species back to + +Hisonotus + +. Extintion risk of + +Rhinotocinclus jumaorum + +is currently not assessed. + + + + + +Material examined. Rio Madeira basin, Apuí, Amazonas State, +Brazil +: + +MZUSP +123835, +holotype +(measured), rio Juma, tributary to rio Aripuanã on Transamazon road (BR-230) between vila do 180 and Apuí, +07°12’43”S +59°55’18”W +. +MZUSP +122325, 26 (4 measured), rio dos Pombos on vicinal road dos Pombos, rio Juma basin, +07°10’59.45”S +60°01’50.88”W +. +MZUSP +122389, 9, +MCP +54758, 8 (3 measured) + 2 cs, rio Juma on vicinal road +ca +. +6 km +from Transamazon road (BR-230), +07°16’45”S +59°57’03”W +. +MZUSP +122482, 12 (3 measured), creek 2, on vicinal road Dom Pedro, rio Acari basin, +06°50’22.34”S +59°42’26.89”W +. +MZUSP +122505, 1 (measured), creek 1, tributary to rio Coruja on vicinal road Coruja, rio Juma basin, +07°16’39.61”S +59°51’28.76”W +. +MZUSP +122639, 1 (measured), igarapé Andorinha, tributary to rio Acari on vicinal road Três Estados, +07°06’31.87”S +59°35’52.62”W +. +MZUSP +122687, 1 (measured), creek on South branch of Transamazon road (BR-230), +35 km +S of Apuí, rio Acari basin, +07°26’21.59”S +59°50’53.81”W +. +MZUSP +122369, 1, igarapé do Mutum on vicinal road Brasília at Fazenda Nova Esperança, +ca +. +5 km +from Transamazon road (BR-230), +07°14’57”S +59°58’41”W +. +MZUSP +122975, 4, rio Juma on Transamazon road (BR-230), +07°12’43.49”S +59°55’18.78”W +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8264214FD8EFB145E44FEE8.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8264214FD8EFB145E44FEE8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..de61000e177 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8264214FD8EFB145E44FEE8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1237 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus acuen +(Silva, Roxo & Oliveira, 2014) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 44 +; +Tab. 9 +) + + + + + +Hisonotus acuen +Silva, Roxo & Oliveira, 2014:107 + +(Type-locality: +Brazil +, +Mato Grosso State +, municipality of Querência, affluent of rio Toguro, rio Xingu basin, +13°00’26”S +52°11’27”W +. +Holotype +: MZUSP 115350). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus acuen + +is distinguished from congeners, except + +R. chromodontus + +, + +R. jumaorum + +, and + +R. dinizae + +, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; +vs. +light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except + +R. chromodontus + +, + +R. dinizae + +, + +R. hera + +, and + +R. jumaorum + +, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( +vs. +adipose fin or platelets present). + +Rhinotocinclus acuen + +is distinguished from + +R. chromodontus + +by having oral teeth light ochre (Fig. 5B; +vs. +teeth reddish brown), caudal fin with a dark blotch at the base and two irregular dark bands ( +vs. +caudal fin mostly brown, with two hyaline spot on upper and lower lobes), the dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines with 2–3 dark dots ( +vs. +spines homogeneously dusky), narrower body (cleithral width 21.7– 24.1% +vs. +24.9–27.9% SL and 57.6–62.7% +vs. +67.7–76.2% HL), and fewer teeth (17–22 premaxillary, 14–19 dentary; +vs. +26–40 and 21–34, respectively). It is distinguished from + +R. jumaorum + +by having teeth light ochre ( +vs. +teeth brown), and by the relative proportion of caudal peduncle depth and body width (caudal peduncle depth 39.2–45.0% +vs. +35.4– 39.0% cleithral width). + +Rhinotocinclus acuen + +is distinguished from + +R. dinizae + +by having shorter fins (dorsal-fin spine 20.0–22.8% +vs. +22.8–25.5% SL, anal-fin unbranched ray 15.0–17.4% +vs. +18.5–19.5% SL, and pectoral-fin spine 23.1–26.9% +vs. +28.1–30.0% SL), and a shorter head (head length 37.0–40.0% +vs. +40.0–41.8% SL). + + + + + +TABLE +9 | + +Descriptive morphometrics of + +Rhinotocinclus +species. + +Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the +holotype +(Hol), SD = standard deviation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +R. chromodontus + +n = 11 + + +R. acuen + +n = 11 + + +R. jumaorum + +n = 14 + + +R. dinizae + +n = 4 +
Character
HolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)26.223.332.226.925.822.327.425.226.324.431.027.017.820.019.0
+Percent of SL +
Body depth17.917.018.917.90.6119.716.619.717.71.0015.214.717.916.10.9615.816.816.40.47
Predosal distance47.347.051.448.61.3250.147.550.148.80.7848.147.850.949.11.1146.949.548.51.13
Prepelvic distance41.640.945.343.21.5944.142.946.544.11.0844.342.045.243.90.8244.946.645.70.82
Preanal distance61.861.866.464.21.3563.862.465.263.81.1265.762.765.764.10.8763.665.564.30.84
Preadipose distance-------------------
Dorsal-fin spine length22.118.523.220.81.6020.020.022.821.30.9421.720.423.921.80.8722.825.524.11.28
Anal-fin unbranched ray length16.013.517.015.10.9715.415.017.416.30.8316.515.318.216.80.6718.519.519.00.44
Adipose-fin spine length-------------------
Pectoral-fin spine length26.826.729.527.80.8824.923.126.924.70.9825.123.326.724.81.0128.130.029.10.83
Caudal peduncle depth9.58.99.89.40.279.78.510.59.50.548.68.49.58.90.348.99.59.10.27
Dorsal-adipose fin distance-------------------
Dorsal-fin base length-10.614.212.41.03-11.613.512.60.5910.89.611.110.40.3911.012.812.00.88
Lower caudal-fin principal ray27.223.228.425.11.85-22.727.325.71.34-22.828.425.41.9327.129.728.11.14
Cleithral width25.224.927.926.51.0324.121.724.122.90.7124.422.424.923.80.7522.523.823.00.56
Head length36.336.238.537.10.7440.037.040.038.60.8936.836.439.737.81.1840.041.841.00.75
+Percent of HL +
Head depth45.440.850.146.82.8845.141.245.142.81.2741.338.543.641.21.7037.842.439.72.11
Interorbital distance37.133.937.436.11.0535.234.938.736.01.0935.632.137.935.11.9833.836.235.01.08
Orbital horizontal diameter13.111.513.712.80.6314.013.015.513.90.7314.012.815.013.90.6712.914.813.80.78
Snout length55.453.457.455.21.2353.053.056.155.01.1657.755.559.857.41.1252.954.353.70.62
Internarial distance8.86.213.18.82.199.88.29.99.20.5411.69.913.711.50.967.311.310.11.88
+Tooth count +
Premaxilla2926.040.031.65.0122172220.11.702820.033.027.43.6716.017.016.30.50
Dentary2521.034.026.83.7418141916.51.752518.028.023.33.0212.014.013.30.96
+ + + +FIGURE +44 | + +Rhinotocinclus acuen +, MCP + +40543, +27.4 mm + + +SL, female, córrego Trinta, tributary to rio Suaizinho on road BR-153 between Alô +Brasil +and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus acuen + +occurs in the tributaries of the upper rio Xingu in the state of +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +( +Fig. 43 +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Rhinotocinclus acuen + +was also described as a member of + +Hisonotus + +, and accordingly compared to other species of the later genus (Silva +et al +., 2014). Interestingly, in the diagnosis of the new species the authors begin saying “ + +Hisonotus acuen + +differs from all congeners except + +H. bockmanni + +, + +H. chromodontus + +, + +H. insperatus + +, + +H. luteofrenatus + +, + +H. oliveirai + +, and + +H. paresi + +by having a functional V-shaped spinelet”. Both + +H. bockmanni + +and + +H. chromodontus + +are herein being tranferred to + +Rhinotocinclus + +and the remaining species have already been transferred to + +Curculionichthys + +, the functional V-shaped spinelet indeed diagnosing + +R. acuen + +and, in fact, all + +Rhinotocinclus + +and + +Curculionichthys +species + +, from + +Hisonotus +. + +Extintion risk of + +Rhinotocinclus acuen + +is currently not assessed. + + + + + +Material examined +. + +Rio +Xingu basin +, +Mato Grosso +State, +Brazil +: + +MZUSP 115350 +, +holotype +(measured), +creek tributary to rio Toguro +, +Querência +, +13°00’26”S +52°11’27”W + +. + + +MCP +40543 + +, 22 (5 measured), +AUM +73894, 10 + +, + +INPA +59665, 10 + +, + +ROM +111486, 10, córrego Trinta, tributary to rio Suaizinho on road BR-153 between Alô +Brasil +and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +12°14’54”S +51°42’45”W +. +MCP +32671, 2, creek tributary to rio Azul on road MT-140, Santa Carmen, +11°59’55”S +55°16’39”W +. +MCP +32672, 5, rio Ferro on road from Novo +Mato Grosso +to Nova Ubiratã, +ca +. +25 km +SW of Novo +Mato Grosso +, Nova Ubiratã, +13°03’32”S +55°02’12”W +. +MCP +32673, 10 (3 measured) + 2 cs, creek tributary to rio da Saudade on road MT-423, +ca +. +38 km +SE of Marcelândia, Analândia do Norte, +11°13’23”S +54°17’24”W + +. + +MCP +32679, 2, córrego Tatu on road MT- + +423, +14 km + +W of Cláudia, Cláudia, +11°28’36”S +54°58’47”W + +. + +MCP +32680, 1, córrego Saudade on road from + +Santa Helena + +to Marcelândia, +66 km +SE of road BR-163, Marcelândia, +11°07’07”S +54°40’15”W +. +MCP +32681, 3, ribeirão Camparina on road MT-320 from + +Santa Helena + +to Marcelândia, +79 km +SE of road BR-163, Marcelândia, +11°06’27”S +54°33’03”W + +. + +MCP +32682, 9, rio Azul on road MT-140, +ca +. +7 km +NNW of Santa Carmen, Santa Carmen, +11°54’42”S +55°17’48”W + +. + +MCP +32683, 3, creek on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê, +ca +. +10 km +W of Iberê, Nova Ubiratã, +12°45’19”S +54°34’25”W + +. + +MCP +32684, 7 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Tartaruga on road from Vera to Feliz, Vera, +12°15’55”S +55°15’37”W + +. + +MCP +32685, 3, rio Azul on road MT- + +423, +16 km + +w of Cláudia, Cláudia, +11°28’20”S +54°59’40”W + +. + +MCP +32686, 6, rio Tartaruga on road MT-423 +ca +. +20 km +E of Vera, Cláudia, +11°30’36”S +54°42’43”W +. +MCP +32687, 16, creek on road from Novo +Mato Grosso +to Nova Ubiratã, +7 km +SW of Novo +Mato Grosso +, Nova Ubiratã, +12°57’10”S +54°54’46”W + +. + +MCP +32688, 3, rio Tartaruga at Nova Ubiratã, Nova Ubiratã, +13°02’03”S +55°16’07”W +. +MCP +32689, 1, creek on road MT-320 from + +Santa Helena + +to Marcelândia, +73 km +SE of road BR-163, Marcelândia, +11°07’39”S +54°36’52”W + +. + +MCP +32690, 6, rio da Saudade on road MT- + +423, +31 km + +SE of Marcelândia, Marcelândia, +11°11’11”S +54°19’27”W + +. + +MCP +32691, 2, creek on road MT- + +423, +22 km + +SE of Marcelândia, Marcelândia, +11°12’21”S +54°23’19”W +. +MCP +32692, 4, creek tributary to rio Tartaruga on road from Novo +Mato Grosso +to Nova Ubiratã, +ca +. +44 km +WSW of Novo +Mato Grosso +, Nova Ubiratã, +13°02’43”S +55°12’21”W +. +MCP +32693, 2, rio Von der Steinen (or Atelchu) on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê, +ca +. +28 km +W of Iberê, Nova Ubiratã, +12°47’05”S +54°40’49”W +. +MCP +32694, 6, creek tributary to rio Manissamá-Miçu on road MT-423 +ca +. +11.6 km +SE of Marcelândia, Marcelândia, +11°09’46”S +54°27’01”W +. +MCP +32695, 2, rio Tartaruga on road from Vera to Feliz Natal, +20 km +NE of Vera, Vera, +12°14’21”S +55°07’11”W +. +MCP +32696, 4, creek +ca +. +2 km +N of Novo +Mato Grosso +, Nova Ubiratã, +12°53’49”S +54°50’54”W + +. + +MCP +40283, 45 + +, + +MHNG +2787.080, 10, rio Traíras +ca +. +3 km +W of Posto da Mata on road +BR +242, Posto da Mata, +11°42’40”S +51°39’18”W + +. + +MCP +40299, 12, córrego da Caaporã, tributary to córrego Três Marias, rio Suiazinho on road BR-158, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +12°32’10”S +51°46’45”W + +. + +MCP +40365, 16 (2 measured), creek N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +12°35’50”S +51°46’55”W + +. + +MCP +40402, 23, creek tribuatry to rio Suiazinho on road BR-158, +ca +. +1 km +N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +12°29’21”S +51°46’06”W + +. + +MCP +40720, 10, creek tributary to rio Suiazinho on road +BR +158, +ca +. +1 km +N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +12°29’21”S +51°46’06”W + +. + +MCP +40732, 18, córrego Trinta, tributary to rio Suaizinho on road BR-153 between Alô +Brasil +and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +12°14’54”S +51°42’45”W + +. + +MCP +40790, 5, creek N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, +12°35’50”S +51°46’55”W +. +MCP +40814, 5, rio Traíras +ca +. +3 km +W of Posto da Mata on road BR-242, Posto da Mata, +11°42’40”S +51°39’18”W +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE82C421BFD9FFF0459C4FBD5.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE82C421BFD9FFF0459C4FBD5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6058bf8ae52 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE82C421BFD9FFF0459C4FBD5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus dinizae +(Ribeiro-Silva, Silva, Venere, Silva & Roxo, 2020) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 46 +; +Tab. 9 +) + + + + + +Hisonotus dinizae +Ribeiro-Silva, Silva, Venere, Silva & Roxo, 2020:554 + +(Type-locality: +Brazil +, +Mato Grosso state +, municipality of Barra do Garças, córrego Grande, drainage of rio Pindaíba, rio Araguaia basin, +-15.7417 +-52.0936 +[ +15°44’30.12”S +52°05’36.96”W +]. +Holotype +: MZUSP 125790). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus dinizae + +is distinguished from congeners, except + +R. acuen + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, and + +R. jumaorum + +, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; +vs. +light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except + +R. acuen + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, + +R. hera + +, and + +R. jumaorum + +, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( +vs. +adipose fin or platelets present). + +Rhinotocinclus dinizae + +is further distinguished from + +R. hera + +by the smaller orbit (12.9–14.8% +vs. +15.1–17.3% HL, 38.1–43.0% +vs. +44.0–50.4% interorbital distance, and 23.8–28.0% +vs. +29.2–32.5% snout length), and from + +R. acuen + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, and + +R. jumaorum + +by the longer head (40.0–41.8% +vs. +37.0–40.0%, 36.2–38.5%, and 36.4–39.8% SL, respectively). + +Rhinotocinclus dinizae + +is further distinguished from + +R. acuen + +by having longer fins (dorsal-fin spine 22.8–25.5% +vs. +20.0–22.8% SL, anal-fin unbranched ray 18.5–19.5% +vs. +15.0–17.4% SL, and pectoral-fin spine 28.1–30.0% +vs. +23.1–26.9% SL). It is further distinguished from + +R. chromodontus + +and + +R. jumaorum + +by the fewer teeth (16–19 premaxillary, 12–15 dentary +vs. +26–40, 21–34, and 20–33, 18–28, respectively). + + + + +FIGURE +46 | + +Rhinotocinclus dinizae +, LBP + +4932, +19.5 mm +SL, +paratype +, córrego Correntes, rio Araguaia basin, Barra do Garças, +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus dinizae + +is known from two localities in the upper rio Araguaia near Barra do Garças, +Mato Grosso State +, +Brazil +( +Fig. 43 +). + + + + +Remarks. +Another species originally described as + +Hisonotus + +, it was compared to congeners and diagosed as “ + +Hisonotus dinizae + +differs from all congeners, except + +H. acuen + +, + +H. bockmanni + +, + +H. chromodontus + +, + +H. jumaorum + +and + +H. vespuccii + +by having a V-shaped spinelet...”. Except for + +H. vespuccii + +, which is probably a member of + +Otothyropsis + +, all remaining species are now transferred to + +Rhinotocinclus + +and the functional V-shaped spinelet indeed diagnoses + +R. dinizae + +, as well as all + +Rhinotocinclus + +and + +Curculionichthys +species + +, from + +Hisonotus +. + +Extintion risk of + +Rhinotocinclus dinizae + +is currently not assessed. + + +The +holotype +and MZUSP +paratypes +of + +Hisonous +dinizae + +have never been sent to MZUSP after the species original description and were unavailable for the present study, possibly having been lost. +Five paratypes +(LBP 4932), however, were examined and compared to other + +Rhinotocinclus +species. + + + + + +Material examined. + +LBP 4932 +, +4 + 1 cs +paraypes +(4 measured), +córrego Correntes +, +rio Araguaia basin +, +Barra do Garças +, +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +, +15°29’59”S +52°12’12”W +, + +22 Mar 2007 + +, +P. C. Vênere +& +V. Garutti + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE831420AFD90FB325F90FE18.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE831420AFD90FB325F90FE18.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..be307841b1e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE831420AFD90FB325F90FE18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,811 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis +(Roxo, Messias & Silva, 2019) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 39 +; +Tab. 8 +) + + + + + +Parotocinclus pentakelis +Roxo, Messias & Silva, 2019:347 + +(Type-locality: +Brazil +, +Tocantins State +, municipality Lavandeira, Rio Palmas, Rio +Tocantins +basin; +12°48’05”S +46°28’38”W +. +Holotype +: MZUSP 124900). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis + +is distinguished from all congeners, except for + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7D; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Figs. 6E,F; +vs. +light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow cusps (Fig. 5C; +vs. +cusps light ochre or brown). + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis + +is further distinguished from + +R. britskii + +, + +R. discolor + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. isabelae + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. pilosus + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, and + +R. yaka + +by lacking an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin present). + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis + +is further distinguished from congeners, except + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent). + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis + +is distinguished from + +R. bockmanni + +by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( +vs. +dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( +vs. +bar 2 absent or inconspicuous). It is distinguished from + +R. hera + +by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent) and yellow teeth cusps ( +vs. +light ochre cusps); and from + +R. dani + +by the deeper body (body depth 18.4–20.8% +vs. +16.3–18.3% SL; caudal peduncle depth 10.1–11.7% +vs. +8.8–9.9% SL; head depth 43.6– 49.5% +vs. +38.0–43.5% HL), and longer dorsal-fin spine (27.0–30.8% +vs. +24.0–27.0% SL). + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis + +is further distinguished from + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( +vs. +dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), and the comparatively shorter head (head length 37.5–39.7% +vs. +39.3–41.3% HL); and from + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +by the comparatively deeper caudal peduncle (10.1–11.7% +vs. +9.1–10.1% SL and 26.3–29.7%; +vs. +23.3–26.3% HL). + + + + + +TABLE +8 | + +Descriptive morphometrics of + +Rhinotocinclus +species. + +Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the +holotype +(Hol), SD = standard deviation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +R. pentakelis + +n = 16 + + +R. marginalis + +n = 13 + + +R. loxochelis + +n = 9 +
Character
LowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)18.123.621.219.618.220.819.422.620.323.121.6
+Percent of SL +
Body depth18.420.819.50.8017.716.518.717.90.6218.718.320.419.40.70
Predosal distance47.149.548.10.7947.843.649.847.71.4550.048.752.850.51.55
Prepelvic distance42.045.243.60.8345.243.146.744.71.1144.142.846.444.31.19
Preanal distance62.466.664.31.2062.956.465.162.92.2265.061.766.263.91.27
Preadipose distance--------------
Dorsal-fin spine length27.030.828.81.2423.121.925.724.11.1825.723.227.625.41.29
Anal-fin unbranched ray length18.421.819.70.9018.017.019.918.60.7717.317.119.018.00.73
Adipose-fin spine length--------------
Pectoral-fin spine length28.833.530.61.2328.728.330.329.20.5832.130.432.131.20.63
Caudal peduncle depth10.111.710.70.429.29.310.09.60.2310.510.311.210.80.31
Dorsal-adipose fin distance--------------
Dorsal-fin base length11.113.112.50.4612.111.412.412.00.2711.911.813.512.60.66
Lower caudal-fin principal ray26.934.629.91.8827.427.431.529.01.3727.424.529.227.01.51
Cleithral width25.427.526.20.5325.624.627.225.80.6726.226.127.426.80.50
Head length37.539.738.30.6139.238.040.839.30.9739.339.342.140.40.79
+Percent of HL +
Head depth43.649.547.11.7045.240.246.144.01.8349.444.349.446.81.75
Interorbital distance36.940.939.10.9434.834.837.636.10.8642.338.843.942.11.46
Orbital horizontal diameter15.918.216.70.6216.714.917.516.20.7217.515.918.117.30.63
Snout length49.253.351.01.0551.447.953.150.71.2750.049.452.351.00.98
Internarial distance7.612.39.71.5512.48.213.211.11.3014.411.814.413.00.80
+Tooth count +
Premaxilla152218.31.6914121815.51.7120162219.91.83
Dentary142116.81.8113111613.31.2517151916.91.27
+ + + +FIGURE +39 | + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis +, MCP + +54394, +23.4 mm +SL, female, rio Palma at Lavandeira, rio +Tocantins +basin, +Tocantins +, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis + +is only known from two localities in tributaries to the rio +Tocantins +in the state of +Tocantins +, +Brazil +( +Fig. 36 +). + + + + +Remarks. +In the original description, + +Parotocinclus pentakelis + +was named and diagnosed from remaining + +Parotocinclus +species + +, except + +P. dani + +, by possessing five conspicuous dark bars on body, compared to three or four dark bars of other + +Parotocinclus +species. + +In fact, however, remaining Amazon basin + +Parotocinclus + +, now all transferred to + +Rhinotocinclus + +, possess five dark bars (Fig. 7). Extintion risk of + +Rhinotocinclus pentakelis + +is currently not assessed. + + + + +Material examined. + +MCP +54394, 36 (16 measured) + 2 cs, rio Palma at Lavandeira, rio +Tocantins +basin, +Tocantins +, +Brazil +, +12°47’41.03”S +46°30’46.20”W +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8354201FD86FA445E02FB9E.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8354201FD86FA445E02FB9E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f87be0abb29 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8354201FD86FA445E02FB9E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus dani +(Roxo, Silva & Oliveira, 2016) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 37 +; +Tab. 7 +) + + + + + +Parotocinclus dani +Roxo, Silva & Oliveira, 2016:127 + +(Type-locality: municipality of Peixoto de Azevedo, +Mato Grosso State +, small tributary of rio Peixoto de Azevedo, drainage of rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, +10°23’10”S +54°18’22”W +. +Holotype +: MZUSP 120737). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus dani + +is distinguished from all congeners, except for + +R. +bockmanni + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by having the dominant color pattern formed by five dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7D; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by four or five wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Figs. 6E,F; +vs. +light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow (Fig, 5C; +vs. +cusps brown or light ochre). + +Rhinotocinclus dani + +is further distinguished from + +R. britskii + +, + +R. discolor + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. isabelae + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. pilosus + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, and + +R. yaka + +by lacking an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin present). + +Rhinotocinclus dani + +is further distinguished from congeners, except + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. pentakelis + +by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent). + +Rhinotocinclus dani + +is distinguished from + +R. bockmanni + +by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( +vs. +dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( +vs. +bar 2 absent or inconspicuous). It is distinguished from + +R. hera + +by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent) and yellow teeth cusps ( +vs. +light ochre cusps); and from + +R. pentakelis + +by the shallower body (body depth 16.3– 18.3% +vs. +18.4–20.8% SL; caudal peduncle depth 8.8–9.9% +vs. +10.1–11.7% SL; head depth 38.0–43.5% +vs. +43.6–49.5% HL) and shorter dorsal-fin spine (24.0–27.0% +vs. +27.0–30.8% SL). + +Rhinotocinclus dani + +is further distinguished from + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( +vs. +dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), the shallower caudal peduncle (8.8–9.9% +vs. +10.3–11.2% SL) and smaller orbital diameter (13.6–16.7% +vs. +16.9–18.1% HL); and from + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +by the body dark bars 2 and usually 3 reaching to the ventral midline ( +vs. +dark bars barely passing lateral dark stripe), and more numerous premaxillary (19–28, mode 21; Tab. 1) and dentary (16–22, mode 19; +Tab. 2 +) teeth ( +vs. +fewer premaxillary, 12–18, mode 16, and dentary, 11–16, mode 13, teeth). + + + + +FIGURE +37 | + +Rhinotocinclus dani +, MCP + +54756, +26.1 mm +SL, female, rio Paranaíta, Paranaíta, +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus dani + +occur in the rio Teles Pires and rio Jamanxim basins of the rio Tapajós drainage, in the states of +Mato Grosso +and Pará, +Brazil +( +Fig. 36 +). + + + + +Remarks. +Extintion risk of + +Rhinotocinclus dani + +is currently not assessed. + + + + + + +Material examined. +Rio Tapajós basin +, +Mato Grosso State +, +Brazil +: + +MZUSP 120737 +, +holotype +(measured), +cachoeira da Neblina in tributary to rio Peixoto de Azevedo, rio Teles Pires basin +, +Peixoto de Azevedo +, +10°23’10”S +54°18’22”W + +. + +MZUSP 96194 +, +20 +paratypes +(3 measured), +island on rio Teles Pires +, +Paranaíta +, +09°27’31”S +56°29’19”W +. + + +MZUSP 96225 +, +5 +paratypes +(2 measured), +marginal lagoon from gold mining activities in rio Tapajós +, +Paranaíta +, +09°25’44”S +56°32’36”W + +. + +INPA 35523 +, +37 +(7 measured) + +, + +MCP 54756 +, +13 +(7 measured) + 2 cs, +rio Paranaíta +, +Paranaíta +, +Mato Grosso +, +09°30’57”S +56°42’36”W + +. + +MCP 32676 +, +3 +(1 measured) + 2 cs, +rio Kaiapá on road MT-320 +, + +ca +. +5 km +N + +of +Nova Canaã do Norte +, +10°36’16”S +55°42’26”W +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8374207FD95FB325989FBF8.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8374207FD95FB325989FBF8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..52ef6e7872e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8374207FD95FB325989FBF8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,482 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus hera +(Gamarra, Calegari & Reis, 2019) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 38 +; +Tab. 7 +) + + + + + +Curculionichthys hera +Gamarra, Calegari & Reis, 2019:2 + +(Type-locality: igarapé do Onça, tributary to rio Curuá-Una on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis, Belterra, Pará, +Brazil +, +03º33’35.3”S +54°52’09.2”W +, elevation +80 m +asl. +Holotype +: +MCP +52500). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +is distinguished from all congeners, except for + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7E; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Fig. 6E, F; +vs. +light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and, also except from + +R. acuen + +and + +R. dinizae + +, by having teeth with light ochre cusps (Fig. 5B; +vs. +cusps brown). + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +is further distinguished from + +R. britskii + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, + +R. yaka + +, + +R. discolor + +, + +R. isabelae + +, and + +R. pilosus + +by lacking an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin present). + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +is further distinguished from congeners, except + +R. acuen + +, + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dinizae + +, and + +R. +jumaorum + +by lacking both an adipose fin and small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +adipose fin or small platelets present). + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +is further distinguished from + +R. bockmanni + +by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( +vs. +dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( +vs. +bar 2 absent or inconspicuous); and from + +R. dani + +by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent); and proportionally larger orbit and narrower interorbital distance (orbital diameter 44.0–50.4%; +vs. +36.2–44.1% interorbital distance). + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +is further distinguished from + +R. pentakelis + +by its shallower body (body depth 14.6–17.5% +vs. +18.4–20.8% SL; and caudal peduncle depth 7.8–9.3% +vs. +10.1–11.7% SL); and shorter dorsal-fin spine length (21.5–25.1% +vs. +27.0–30.8% SL); and from + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( +vs. +dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), the shallower caudal peduncle (7.8–9.3% +vs. +10.3–11.2% SL) and narrower interorbital distance (33.7–37.7% +vs. +38.8–43.9% HL). + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +is further distinguished from + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +by the comparatively shallower caudal peduncle (21.3–23.5% +vs. +23.3–26.3% HL). + + + + + +FIGURE +38 | + +Rhinotocinclus hera + + +, +holotype +, +MCP +52500, +25.2 mm +SL, female, igarapé do Onça, tributary to rio Curuá-Una, on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis, Belterra, Pará, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +occurs in creeks tributary to the rio Curuá-Una, a small river draining to the Amazon immediately east of the town of Santarém, Pará State, +Brazil +( +Fig. 36 +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +was originally described as + +Curculionichthys hera + +, and accordingly was compared to other species of +Curculionichthtys +. Remarkably, the authors distinguished the new species from congeners, except + +C +. +jumaorum + +(originally described as + +Hisonotus + +) and + +C +. +karipuna +Silva, Roxo, Melo & Oliveira, 2016 + +, by possessing a single rostral plate ( +vs +. paired rostral plates); and except + +C +. +jumaorum + +and + +C. sabaji +Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015 + +, by having darkened tooth-crowns ( +vs +. hyaline to light yellow tipped teeth). As demonstrated in the presente study, both + +C. hera + +and + +H. jumaorum + +, belong to + +Rhinotocinclus + +and the single rostral plate and brown tooth crown are typical of its species. + +Rhinotocinclus hera + +was tentatively categorized as Least Concern (LC) by Gamarra +et al +. (2019) in the original description. + + + + + + +Material examined. +Rio Curuá-Una basin +, +Pará +State, +Brazil +: + +MCP 52500 +, +holotype +(measured), + + +AMNH 267150 +, +7 +paratypes +, + + +MCP 51571 +, +70 +(6 measured) + 2 cs +paratypes +, + + +NUP 20539 +, +7 +paratypes + +, + +MZUSP 123948 +, +7 +paratypes +, +igarapé do Onça, tributary to rio CuruáUna, on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis +, +Belterra +, +03º33’35.3”S +54°52’09.2”W + +. + +MCP 51600 +, +15 +paratypes +(3 measured), +igarapé Moju, tributary to rio Curuá-Una, on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis +, +Belterra +, +03°25’05.8”S +54°54’46.7”W + +. + +MCP 51604 +, 10, + +rio Curuá-Una at mouth or rio Curuá-Tinga, +ca +. +11 km +N of Transmazon road + +, +Placas +, +03°47’56.1”S +54°21’19.3”W + +. + + +MCP +53424 + +, 2, rio Curuá-Una at mouth or rio Curuá-Tinga, +ca +. + + +11 km + +N of + +Transamazon road, +Placas +, +03°47’56.1”S +54°21’19.3”W +. +MCP +51599, 5 (4 measured) + 1 tissue sample, rio Tutuí on Transamazon road +ca +. +20 km +E of Placas, Uruará, +03°51’33.8”S +54°03’40.5”W + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE838420DFD5BFF045F5CFC35.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE838420DFD5BFF045F5CFC35.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..60ee13f19a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE838420DFD5BFF045F5CFC35.xml @@ -0,0 +1,405 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +, +new species + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +1B9ABD2F-5756-49C4-AB59-3C15B820D98D + + + + + +( +Fig. 41 +; +Tab. 8 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +MPEG 38957 +, +22.6 mm +SL, +creek in Jamanxim National Forest +, +Itaituba +, +Pará +, +08°23’45.7”S +55°39’27.6”W +, + +28 May 2008 + +, +F. B. N. Ribeiro +. + + + + + +Paratypes +. +Rio Jamanxim basin +, +Pará +State, +Brazil +: + +MPEG 15033 +, +3 +, +17.4–23.1 mm +SL (2 measured, + +20.5–23.1 m + +SL) + 1 cs (measured, +22.4 mm +SL), + + +MCP 54747 +, +2 +, 21.0– +22.6 mm +SL (2 measured), collected with holotype + +. + +MPEG 17644 +, +3 +, +20.3–21.4 mm +SL (3 measured), +rio Novo basin, tributary to rio Jamanxim, Jamanxim National Forest +, +Novo Progresso +, +07°18’45.64”S +56°10’10.83”W +, + +24 Sep 2008 + +, +F. R. Silva + +. + +MPEG 17681 +, +4 +, +20.2–21.6 mm +SL, rio +Claro, tributary to rio Jamanxim, Jamanxim National Forest +, +Novo Progresso +, +07°02’50.6”S +55°47’12.5”W +, + +27 Aug 2008 + +, +F. R. Silva +. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +is distinguished from all congeners by having the dominant color pattern formed by four dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern ( +Fig. 41 +; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle). + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +is further distinguished from + +R. britskii + +, + +R. discolor + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. isabelae + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. pilosus + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, and + +R. yaka + +by lacking an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin present). + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +is further distinguished from congeners, except + +R. marginalis + +, + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dani + +, and + +R. pentakelis + +, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent). + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +is distinguished from + +R. bockmanni + +by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( +vs. +dorsal-fin dark spot present), and from + +R. hera + +by having yellow teeth cusps (Fig. 5C; +vs. +light ochre cusps). + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +is further distinguished from + +R. marginalis + +by the dark bar 2 on body reaching to the ventral midline ( +vs. +dark bars on body barely passing lateral dark stripe), and by the deeper caudal peduncle 10.3–11.2% +vs. +9.1–10.1% SL) and longer pectoral-fin spine (30.4–32.1% +vs. +26.7–30.3% SL); and from + +R. dani + +by the deeper body (body depth 18.3–20.4% +vs. +16.3–18.3% SL, caudal peduncle depth 10.3–11.2% +vs. +8.8–9.9% SL, and head depth 44.9–49.4% +vs. +38.0–43.5% HL). + + + + +Description. +Proportional measurements in +Tab. 8 +. Dorsal profile of head slightly concave from snout tip to area between nares, convex from that point to parietosupraoccipital tip and straight to slightly convex from that point to origin of dorsal fin. Dorsal profile of body mostly straight and descending from dorsal-fin origin to insertion of caudal fin. Trunk horizontally ovoid to roundly triangular and caudal peduncle vertically ovoid in cross section, vaguely flattened ventrally and compressed caudally. Body progressively narrowing posteriorly from cleithrum, more so behind dorsal fin. + + + + +FIGURE +41 | + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + + +, +holotype +, +MPEG +38957, +22.6 mm +SL, female, creek in Jamanxim National Forest, Itaituba, Pará, +Brazil +. + + +Head convex between orbits; dorsal margin of orbit not elevated. Snout elongated, depressed, its anterior margin rounded in dorsal view, with small depression anterior to naris. Eye comparatively large, positioned more laterally than dorsolaterally, with small dorsal iris operculum. Posterior tip of parieto-supraoccipital with patch of slightly enlarged odontodes. Slightly enlarged odontodes on snout border, especially on rostral and postrostral plates and on lower surface of pectoral and pelvic spines; enlarged odontodes curved and posteriorly oriented. Odontodes on head and trunk otherwise of uniform size and distribution. Canal cheek plate bent and elongated posteroventrally, almost contacting cleithum. Lips rounded, narrow, covered with minute papillae; papillae slightly decreasing in size towards lip margin. Lip margin with uniformly distributed papillae forming delicate fringe. Maxillary barbel with large free distal portion. Fleshy keel on lower lip behind each dentary. Teeth moderately robust, bifid. Larger, medial cusp blade-like and slightly rounded, not elongated. Smaller, lateral cusp minute and pointed. Premaxillary teeth 16–22 (20); dentary teeth 15–19 (17); accessory teeth absent. +Body entirely covered by dermal plates except for ventral surface of head around lips, area around pelvic-fin insertion, and area around anus. Lateral plates arranged in five longitudinal series on trunk. Dorsal plate series complete, beginning at origin of dorsal fin, with 18 plates; mid-dorsal series incomplete, with 5–7 plates; middle series complete, with two ossified tubes and 22–23 plates. Lateral line on middle plate series with two ossified tubes, 21–22 pored plates followed by 1 terminal plate without canal. Mid-ventral series incomplete with 18 plates. Ventral series complete and continuous from pelvic-fin origin to caudal-fin base, with 19 plates. Predorsal plates forming two transverse rows anterior to nuchal plate. Coracoid completely exposed ventrally, twice longer than cleithrum; cleithrum exposed laterally with medial area and arrector fossa covered by skin. Lateral abdominal plates 3–5 (3/4); plates transversely elongate, clearly arranged in line between coracoid and pelvic-fin origin. Middle abdominal plates 1–2 series, between the lateral abdominal plates. Preanal plate large, single or double, bordered anteriorly by one or two plates. First anal-fin pterygiophore exposed in front of anal-fin as small, plate-like bone supporting odontodes. Total vertebrae 27, in one dissected specimen. +Dorsal-fin rays I,7; spine slightly arched. Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal-fin spinelet present, plate-like, roundly triangular dorsally and V-shaped anteriorly. Spinelet articulated to first dorsal-fin pterygiophore and dorsal-fin spine locking mechanism functional. Adipose fin absent; single azygous plate at adipose-fin position in one cs specimen. Pectoral-fin rays I,6. Large spine slightly arched; tip of adpressed spine almost reaching or reaching to tip of pelvic fin. Pectoral-fin axillary slit present, with large slanted opening ventral to tip of posterior process of cleithrum. Pelvic-fin rays i,5, fin short, with tip of adpressed fin falling short of anal-fin origin in females, males so far unknown. Odontodes on ventral surface of thickened first pelvic-fin ray bent and oriented mesially. Anal-fin rays i,5. Caudal-fin rays i,14,i, with upper and lower unbranched rays subequal. + +Color in alcohol. +Dorsal portions of head and trunk light brown o pale yellow, cream to pale yellow ventrally. Two separate light marks from snout tip diverging towards nostrils. Compound pterotic and most of parieto-supraoccipial behind eyes brown. Posterior portion of parieto-supraoccipital lighter than surrounding areas, but not forming inverted Y-shaped mark. Trunk with five conspicuous dark brown bars; bar 1 merged with darkened predorsal area; bar 4 sometimes duplicated. Bars extending transversely from dorsal midline to ventral surface. Dark bars connected by zig-zag lateral dark stripe from compound pterotic to caudal-fin base. Ventral surface mostly unpigmented, but small concentrations of chromatophores on cheeks, lateral abdominal plates, and caudal peduncle. Bar 2 elongated ventrally to anal-fin origin; bars 3–4 reaching or almost reaching to ventral midline. Tooth cusps light yellow. Fins with transverse, brown bands formed by concentration of chromatophores on rays; bands more numerous on leading rays; membranes mostly hyaline. Dorsal fin without dark triangular spot at anterior portion of membrane, spine with 3–4 dark brown spots, branched rays with 2–3 dark bands. Pectoral-fin spine with 4–5 dark spots, branched rays with 2–3 irregular dark bands. Pelvic fin with 1–2 dark band. Anal fin with 1–2 indistinct dark bands. Caudal fin with dark transverse blotch at base and 2–3 irregular brown bands. + + +Sexual dimorphism. +Males unknown for this species; all +14 specimens +examined are females. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +is known from creeks tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin, in the Jamanxim National Forest, Pará, +Brazil +( +Fig. 36 +). + + + + +Etymology. + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +, from the Greek + +MQ +p +Q + +c +( +loxos +), slanting, crosswise, and + +lfm +ic + +( +kelis +), stain, spot, in allusion to the broken and oblique dark bars of the species. A noun in apposition. + + + + +Conservation status. +The extinction risk of + +Rhinotocinclus loxochelis + +is assessed as low despite its restricted range. The species is known from three localities in the rio Jamanxim basin, with an Extension of Occurrence (EOO) estimated by the convex polygon of those localities of approximately +3,400 km +2 +. Both logging and gold mining are common in the region, but these threats are not believed to put the population in risk. Also, all three known localities are located inside the Jamanxim National Forest. For this reason, + +R. loxochelis + +is preliminarily categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83B4210FDB3FBA258EDFBF8.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83B4210FDB3FBA258EDFBF8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..549bfe24dbe --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83B4210FDB3FBA258EDFBF8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,587 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus chromodontus +(Britski & Garavello, 2007) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 42 +; +Tab. 9 +) + + + + + +Hisonotus chromodontus +Bristski & Garavello, 2007:414 + +(Type-locality: +Brazil +: +Mato Grosso State +: Diamantino, creek number 1, tributary of Rio Preto, on road to São Francisco, Rio Arinos drainage, +ca +. +14°18’S +56°20’W +. +Holotype +: MZUSP 45355). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus chromodontus + +is distinguished from congeners, except + +R. acuen + +, + +R. jumaorum + +, and + +R. dinizae + +, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; +vs. +light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except + +R. acuen + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. jumaorum + +, and + +R. dinizae + +, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( +vs. +adipose fin or platelets present). + +Rhinotocinclus chromodontus + +is distinguished from + +R. acuen + +, + +R. jumaorum + +, and + +R. dinizae + +by having the caudal fin mostly brown, with two hyaline spots on upper and lower lobes ( +Fig. 42 +; +vs. +caudal fin with a dark blotch at base and two irregular dark bands), and from + +R. acuen + +, + +R. dinizae + +, + +R. hera + +by having the oral teeth reddish brown ( +vs. +teeth light ochre). It is further distinguished from + +R. acuen + +, + +R. dinizae + +, + +R. hera + +, and + +R. jumaorum + +by the dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines homogeneously dusky ( +vs. +spines with 2–3 dark dots). + + + + +FIGURE +42 | + +Rhinotocinclus chromodontus +, MCP + +32660, +25.2 mm +SL, male, igarapé Ribeirão Preto, on road MT-338, +ca +. +26 km +ESE of Porto dos Gaúchos, Porto dos Gaúchos, +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus chromodontus + +occurs in the upper rio Tapajós basin, in the state of +Mato Grosso +( +Fig. 43 +). + + + + +Remarks. +Two species of + +Hisonotus + +were described by Britski, Garavello (2007), + +H. chromodontus + +and + +H. luteofrenatus + +, from the upper rio Tapajós, being thus compared to other + +Hisonotus +species. + + +Hisonotus luteofrenatus + +has already been transferred to + +Curculionichthys + +and + +H. chromodontus + +is herein being transferred to + +Rhinotocinclus + +. We take this opportunity to mention that figures 3a and b are interchanged in Britski, Garavello (2007), as can be easily noticed by the single rostral plate of + +Rhinotocinclus + +(compared to the paired rostral plate of + +Curculionichthys + +) and the posteriorly projected canal cheek plate (compared to the mesially projected plate of + +Curculionichthys + +). + +Rhinotocinclus chromodontus + +, listed as + +Hisonotus chromodontus + +, is currently assessed as Least Concern (LC) in the Brazilian regional assessment by ICMBio (2018). + + + + + + +Material examined. +Brazil +, +Mato Grosso State +, +Rio Tapajós basin +: + +MZUSP 45255 +, +holotype +(measured), +riacho Três, tributary to rio Preto on road to São Francisco +, +Diamantino +, approx. +14°16’S +56°19’W + +. + +MCP 37636 +, +5 +paratypes +(4 measured), +rio Sumidouro Grande, tributary to rio Arinos on farm Arrossensal +, +Nortelândia +, approx. +14°05’S +56°45’W + +. + + +AUM +73895 + +, 10, +INPA +59666, 10, +MCP +35873, 150+ 10 cs, +MHNG +2787.079, 10, +ROM +111487, 10, rio Sauê-Uiná below dam on road BR-364 towards Sapezal, Sapezal, +13°32’22”S +58°50’48”W +. +MCP +32648, 3, creek on road MT-338, +ca +. +158 km +N of Tapurah, Simione, +11°42’13”S +56°56’17”W +. +MCP +32649, 28, creek on road MT-338, +ca +. +33 km +N of Tapurah, Tapurah, +12°29’46”S +56°40’43”W + +. + +MCP +32650, 9, creek +ca +. +20 km +NW of São José do Rio Claro, on road to Nova Maringá, São José do Rio Claro, +13°20’29”S +56°51’07”W +. +MCP +32651, 6 (3 measured), creek on road MT-010, from Diamantino to São José do Rio Claro, +96 km +NW of Diamantino, São José do Rio Claro, +13°37’05”S +56°34’27”W + +. + +MCP +32652, 6, ribeirão Macuco on road BR-163, +ca +. +74 km +N of Sinop, Sinop, +11°17’35”S +55°19’10”W +. +MCP +32653, 1, rio Roquete on road BR-163 +ca +. +45 km +N of Sinop, Sinop, +11°32’20”S +55°23’35”W + +. + +MCP +32654, 16, creek on road MT-338, +ca +. +89 km +N of Tapurah, Tapurah, +12°01’49”S +56°33’59”W + +. + +MCP +32655, 2, creek on road from road MT-010 to Nova Mutum, +ca +. +11 km +W from ferry crossing rio Arinos, São José do Rio Claro, +13°37’23”S +56°29’18”W + +. + +MCP +32656, 2, creek +ca +. +22 km +NW of São José do Rio Claro, on road to Nova Maringá, São José do Rio Claro, +13°19’24”S +56°51’22”W +. +MCP +32657, 1, creek on road MT-338, +ca +. +46 km +N of Tapurah, Tapurah, +12°23’14”S +56°41’54”W + +. + +MCP +32658, 1, creek on road MT-338, +ca +. +131 km +N of Tapurah, Simione, +11°47’40”S +56°44’09”W + +. + +MCP +32659, 4, creek on farm Esplanada Arinos, on road from road MT-010 and ferry to Nova Mutum, São José do Rio Claro, +13°36’31”S +56°32’10”W + +. + +MCP +32660, 134 (3 measured), igarapé Ribeirão Preto, on road MT-338, +ca +. +26 km +ESE of Porto dos Gaúchos, Porto dos Gaúchos, +11°39’27”S +57°12’07”W + +. + +MCP +32674, 1, creek tributary to rio Caibi on road MT-140 from Santa Carmen to Vera, Vera, +12°10’40”S +55°20’23”W + +. + +MCP +32675, 62 + 5 cs, rio Celeste +ca +. +9 km +W of Nova Ubiratã, on road to Sorriso, Nova Ubiratã, +13°03’08”S +55°21’13”W + +. + +MCP +32677, 5 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Celeste +ca +. +47 km +NW of Nova Ubiratã on road to Sorriso, Sorriso, +12°45’47”S +55°31’05”W + +. + +MCP +32678, 19 + 2 cs, córrego Maria (or Quinze), on road BR-163 +ca +. +23 km +N of Sinop, Sinop, +11°43’16”S +55°27’33”W + +. + +MCP +35871, 1, córrego Água Quente, on road from Sapezal to rio Papagaio, Sapezal, +13°32’25”S +58°43’32”W +. +MCP +44413, 16, creek on road MT-235 from Nova Mutum to Santa Rita do Trivelato, Nova Mutum, +13°48’55”S +56°02’39”W +. +MCP +44419, 2, córrego Conguinha on road MT-235, from Nova Mutum to Santa Rita do Trivelato, Nova Mutum, +13°47’44”S +55°53’25”W + +. + +MCP +44447, 10, rio Criquiri, +ca +. +8 km +from Nova Mutum, Nova Mutum, +13°48’11”S +56°09’23”W + +. + +MCP +44473, 2, rio dos Patos on road MT-235 from Nova Mutum to Santa Rita do Trivelato, Nova Mutum, +13°48’00”S +56°01’36”W +. +MZUEL +7882, 18, córrego Água Quente, tributary to rio Papagaio, rio Juruena basin, Sapezal, +13°32’25.5”S +58°43’34.8”W + +. + +MZUEL +9067, 7, córrego +Santa Cruz +, tributary to rio Papagaio, rio Juruena basin, Brasnorte, +12°48’21.7”S +58°09’21.5”W +. +MZUEL +9068, 10, rio do Calor, tributary to rio Papagaio, rio Juruena basin, Sapezal, +13°02’57.1”S +58°39’15.7”W + +. + +MZUEL +9070, 3, tributary to rio Norato (or Honorato), itself a tributary to rio do Sangue, rio Juruena basin, +ca +. +7 km +S of Brasnorte, +12°11’12.9”S +57°59’33.3”W + +. + +MZUEL +9073, 3, tributary to rio Juruena at km 363 of road MT-170, Juína, +11°31’35.0”S +58°24’29.3”W +. +MZUSP +61115, 5, rio Criquiri, tributary to rio dos Patos, Nova Mutum, approx. +13°51’S +56°11’W +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83C4209FD5FFDB45EBBF958.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83C4209FD5FFDB45EBBF958.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..092657c1824 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE83C4209FD5FFDB45EBBF958.xml @@ -0,0 +1,527 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +, +new species + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +89E47C73-8B40-4676-86A4-C97EFBB8034C + + + + + +( +Fig. 40 +; +Tab. 8 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +MCP 54748 +, +19.6 mm +SL, + +rio Iriri at Cachoeira Grande, +ca +. +15 km +upstream from confluence with rio Xingu + +, +Piranhaquara +, +Pará +, +03°50’35.5”S +52°44’08.3”W +, + +10 Oct 2012 + +, +M. H. Sabaj +, +M. A. Arce & L. M. Sousa + +. + + + + +Paratypes +. +Rio Xingu basin +, +Pará +, +Brazil +: + +ANSP 193022 +, +55 +(not measured), + + +MCP 48609 +, +8 +, +17.8–19.9 mm +SL (1 measured, +19.9 mm +SL) + 1 cs, same data as holotype + +. + +INPA 31155 +, +29 +, 15.0– +20.3 mm +SL (4 measured, +18.2–20.3 mm +SL) + 2 cs, + +rio Iriri, +ca +. 4 h below mouth of rio Novo + +, +Altamira +, +04°14’14”S +53°24’34”W +, + +22 Aug 2008 + +, +H. López-Fernandez +, +N. Meliciano +, +G. Ortí & C. Röepke +. + + +INPA 33916 +, +10 +, +15.3–20.5 mm +SL (4 measured, +18.5–20.5 mm +SL), +Altamira National Forest +, +Itaitúba +, approx. +05°50’S +54°55’W +, + +19 Jun 2009 + +, +R +. +Leitão & F. Ribeiro +. + + +INPA 59657 +, +3 +, +18.8–20.8 mm +SL (3 measured), +rio Iriri, above mouth of rio Novo +, +ltamira +, +04°28’11”S +53°41’38”W +, + +21 Aug 2008 + +, +H. López-Fernandez +, +N. Meliciano +, +G. Ortí & C. Röepke + +. + +INPA 59658 +, +9 +, +16.1–19.1 mm +SL, +ROM 112205 +, +2 +tissue samples, +rio Iriri at Barrinha +, +Altamira +, +04°09’05”S +53°23’28”W +, + +19 Aug 2008 + +, +H. López-Fernandez +, +N. Meliciano +, +G. Ortí & C. Röepke +. + + +LBP 16685 +, +6 +, +20.6–25.1 mm +SL, unnamed creek in +Altamira +, +03°24’19.8”S +52°05’48”W +, + +30 Sep 2012 + +, +C. Oliveira +, +R. Britzke +, +L. M. Sousa +& +D. A. Bastos +(preserved in ethanol). + + + + + + +FIGURE +40 | + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + + +, +holotype +, +MCP +54748, +19.6 mm +SL, rio Iriri at Cachoeira Grande, +ca +. +15 km +upstream from confluence with rio Xingu, Piranhaquara, Pará, +Brazil +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +is distinguished from all congeners, except for + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 5D; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Figs. 6E,F; +vs. +light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow cusps (Fig. 5C; +vs. +cusps light ochre or brown). + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +is further distinguished from + +R. britskii + +, + +R. discolor + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. isabelae + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. pilosus + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, and + +R. yaka + +by lacking an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin present). + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +is further distinguished from congeners, except + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. pentakelis + +, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent). + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +is distinguished from + +R. bockmanni + +by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( +vs. +dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( +vs. +bar 2 absent or inconspicuous). It is distinguished from + +R. hera + +by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent) and yellow teeth cusps ( +vs. +light ochre cusps); and from + +R. pentakelis + +by the shallower caudal peduncle (9.1– 10.1% +vs. +10.1–11.7% SL and 23.3–26.3% +vs. +26.6–29.7% HL). + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +is further distinguished from + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( +vs. +dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), the shallower caudal peduncle 9.1–10.1% +vs. +10.3–11.2% SL) and shorter pectoral-fin spine (26.7–30.3% +vs. +30.4–32.1% SL); and from + +R. dani + +by the dark bars on body barely passing lateral dark stripe ( +vs. +dark bars 2 and usually 3 reaching to the ventral midline), and fewer premaxillary (12–18, mode 16; Tab. 1) and dentary (11–16, mode 13; +Tab. 2 +) teeth ( +vs. +more numerous premaxillary, 19–28, mode 21, and dentary, 16–22, mode 19, teeth). + + + + +Description. +Proportional measurements in +Tab. 8 +. Dorsal profile of head concave from snout tip to area between nares, convex from that point to parieto-supraoccipital tip and straight from that point to origin of dorsal fin. Dorsal profile of body mostly straight and descending from dorsal-fin origin to insertion of caudal fin. Trunk horizontally ovoid to roundly triangular and caudal peduncle vertically ovoid in cross section, vaguely flattened ventrally and compressed caudally. Body progressively narrowing posteriorly from cleithrum, more so behind dorsal fin. + +Head slightly convex between orbits; dorsal margin of orbit slightly elevated. Snout elongated, depressed, its anterior margin rounded in dorsal view, with small depression anterior to naris. Eye comparatively large, positioned dorsolaterally, with small dorsal iris operculum. Posterior tip of parieto-supraoccipital with patch of enlarged odontodes. Slightly enlarged odontodes on snout border, especially on rostral and postrostral plates and on lower surface of pectoral and pelvic spines; enlarged odontodes curved and posteriorly oriented. Odontodes on head and trunk otherwise of uniform size and distribution. Canal cheek plate bent and elongated posteroventrally, almost contacting cleithum. Lips rounded, narrow, covered with minute papillae; papillae slightly decreasing in size towards lip margin. Lip margin with uniformly distributed papillae forming delicate fringe. Maxillary barbel with large free distal portion. Teeth moderately robust, bifid. Larger, medial cusp blade-like and slightly rounded, not elongated. Smaller, lateral cusp minute and pointed. Premaxillary teeth 12–18 (14); dentary teeth 11–16 (13); accessory teeth absent. +Body entirely covered by dermal plates except for ventral surface of head around lips, area around pelvic-fin insertion, and area around anus. Lateral plates arranged in five longitudinal series on trunk. Dorsal plate series complete, beginning at origin of dorsal fin, with 19–20 plates; mid-dorsal series incomplete, with 7–8 plates; middle series complete, with two ossified tubes and 22–24 plates. Lateral line on middle plate series with two ossified tubes, 20–22 pored plates followed by 2–3 terminal plates without canal. Midventral series incomplete with 19–20 plates. Ventral series complete and continuous from pelvic-fin origin to caudal-fin base, with 20-–21 plates. Predorsal plates forming two transverse rows anterior to nuchal plate. Coracoid completely exposed ventrally, twice longer than cleithrum; cleithrum exposed laterally with medial area and arrector fossa covered by skin. Lateral abdominal plates 3–4 (3/3); plates transversely elongate, clearly arranged in line between coracoid and pelvic-fin origin. Middle abdominal plates 1–2 series, between the lateral abdominal plates. Preanal plate large, single or double, bordered anteriorly by two or three plates. First anal-fin pterygiophore exposed in front of anal-fin as small, plate-like bone supporting odontodes. Total vertebrae 28, in one dissected specimen. +Dorsal-fin rays I,7; spine slightly arched. Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal-fin spinelet present, plate-like, roundly triangular dorsally and V-shaped anteriorly. Spinelet articulated to first dorsal-fin pterygiophore and dorsal-fin spine locking mechanism functional. Adipose fin absent; single azygous plate at adipose-fin position in 1 out of 3 cs specimens. Pectoral-fin rays I,6. Large spine slightly arched; tip of adpressed spine reaching between distal fourth and tip of pelvic fin. Pectoral-fin axillary slit present, with large slanted opening ventral to tip of posterior process of cleithrum. Pelvic-fin rays i,5, fin short, with tip of adpressed fin almost reaching or reaching to anal-fin origin in males, falling short of that point in females. Adult males with small, delicate fleshy flap along posterodorsal margin of thickened first pelvic-fin ray. Odontodes on ventral surface of thickened first pelvic-fin ray bent and oriented mesially. Anal-fin rays i,5. Caudal-fin rays i,14,i, with upper and lower unbranched rays subequal. + +Color in alcohol. +Dorsal portions of head and trunk light brown, and cream to pale yellow ventrally. Two separate light mark from snout tip diverging towards nostrils. Compound pterotic and most of parieto-supraoccipial behind eyes dark brown. Posterior portion of parieto-supraoccipital lighter than surrounding areas, but not forming inverted Y-shaped mark. Trunk with five conspicuous dark brown bars; bars 1 merged with darkened predorsal area. Bars extending transversely from dorsal midline to middle lateral series of plates. Dark bars connected by lateral dark stripe from compound pterotic to caudal-fin base; dark bars barely passing ventrally to such stripe. Ventral surface mostly unpigmented, but small concentrations of chromatophores on cheeks, lateral abdominal plates, and caudal peduncle. Tooth cusps light yellow. Fins with transverse, brown bands formed by concentration of chromatophores on rays; bands more numerous on leading rays; membranes mostly hyaline. Dorsal fin without dark triangular spot at anterior portion of membrane, spine with 2–3 dark brown spots, branched rays with 2–3 dark bands, especially in distal half. Pectoral-fin spine with 4–5 dark spots, branched rays with 1–2 irregular dark bands. Pelvic fin hyaline or with one indistinct dark band. Anal fin with 1–2 dark bands. Caudal fin with dark transverse blotch at base and 1–2 irregular, indistinct brown bands. + + +Sexual dimorphism. +Males have a conspicuous urogenital papilla immediately behind the anus and a low skin fold along the first, unbranched pelvic-fin ray, both characteristics being absent in females. Males also possess a larger nostril than females, and the snout profile greatly elevated immediately in front of the eyes. Males also have slightly longer pelvic fins, which reach or almost reach to the anal-fin origin and fall short of that point in females. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +is known from tributaries to the lower rio Xingu and rio Iriri, in the state of Pará, +Brazil +( +Fig. 36 +). + + + + +Etymology. + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +, from the Latin +margo +, meaning margin, and - +alis +, in allusion to the distribution of the species in the northern margin of the Brazilian Shield. An adjective. + + + + +Conservation status. +The extinction risk of + +Rhinotocinclus marginalis + +is assessed as low despite the limited knowledge of its geographic distribution. The species is known from six localities in the lower Xingu and the Iriri rivers, with an Extension of Occurrence (EOO) estimated by the convex polygon of those localities of approximately +6,570 km +2 +. Despite logging and gold mining are common throughout the area, these threats are not believed to put the population in risk. In addition, the entire area of distribution of the species is located inside preservations areas (Altamira National Forest, Terra do Meio Ecological Station, Riozonho do Afrísio and Iriri Extractive Reserves, and at least three Indigenous Lands). For this reason, + +R. marginalis + +is preliminarily categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE848427CFDAFFB695F44FB9E.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE848427CFDAFFB695F44FB9E.xml index b578fe74e57..770208a0bc9 100644 --- a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE848427CFDAFFB695F44FB9E.xml +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE848427CFDAFFB695F44FB9E.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Reis, Roberto E. -PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. -reis@pucrs.br +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br - - -Author + + +Author -Lehmann A., Pablo -Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. -pablole@unisinos.br. +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. -text - - -Neotropical Ichthyology +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology - -2022 - -e 220002 + +2022 + +e 220002 - -2022-07-08 + +2022-07-08 - -20 + +20 - -2 + +2 - -1 -100 + +1 +100 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 -journal article -304139 -10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 -1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe -1982-0224 -13350428 -0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 - + @@ -90,9 +90,7 @@ Lehmann, Lujan & Reis, 2022:2 59°31’54.4”W . Holotype -: -CSBD -F3618). +: CSBD F3618). @@ -319,16 +317,14 @@ by having few and minute teeth accessory teeth, while they are numerous and larg Rhinotocinclus hardmani -was tentatively categorized as Least Concern ( -LC -) by Lehmann +was tentatively categorized as Least Concern (LC) by Lehmann et al. (2022) in the original description. - + - + Material examined. Essequibo River basin @@ -341,34 +337,34 @@ Material examined. holotype (measured), - + AUM 62850 , 78 paratypes (9 measured), - + CSBD F3619 , 10 paratypes , - + MCP 54588 , 17 (9 measured) + 3 cs paratypes , - + ROM 110801 , 10 paratypes , - + UMMZ 252792 , 10 @@ -382,7 +378,7 @@ Material examined. 59°31’54.4”W . - + AUM 62879 , 17 of 33 @@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ Material examined. 59°30’07.2”W . - + AUM 62895 , 14 of 26 @@ -410,7 +406,7 @@ Material examined. 59°32’01”W . - + INHS 49522 , 5 + 1 cs paratypes @@ -423,7 +419,7 @@ Material examined. 59°18’40.2”W . - + INHS 49555 , 2 @@ -432,7 +428,7 @@ Material examined. 19.1–22.8 mm SL + 1 cs, - + INHS 49556 , 1 @@ -449,7 +445,7 @@ SL, 59°24’ 01.0”W . - + ROM 91423 , 17 @@ -469,7 +465,7 @@ upstream from mouth, at rapids beyond first rapid blocking upstream boat entry 59°28’12.91”W . - + ROM 111040 , 49 @@ -484,7385 +480,6 @@ upstream from mouth, at rapids beyond first rapid blocking upstream boat entry . - - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -Group - - - - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni -(Carvalho & Datovo, 2012) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 35; Tab. 7) - - -Hisonotus bockmanni -Carvalho & Datovo, 2012:266 - -(Type-locality: -Brazil -, Pará State, Jacareacanga Municipality, sandbank at Rio Cururu, tributary to Rio Teles Pires, tributary to Rio Tapajós, -08°53’42.2”S -57°14’27.8”W -, -140 m -asl. -Holotype -: -LIRP -8139). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -is distinguished from all congeners, except for - -R. dani - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7D; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Fig. 6E, F; -vs. -light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow cusps (Fig. 5C; -vs. -cusps brown or light ochre). - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -is further distinguished from - -R. britskii - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, - -R. yaka - -, - -R. discolor - -, - -R. isabelae - -, and - -R. pilosus - -by lacking an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin present). - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -is further distinguished from congeners, except - -R. dani - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent). - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -is distinguished from - -R. dani - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by having a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( -vs. -dorsalfin dark spot absent), and by lacking or having a very inconspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( -vs. -bar 2 present and conspicuous). - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -occurs in the lower and middle rio Tapajós basin, including the rio Teles Pires in the state of Pará, -Brazil -(Fig. 36). - - - - -Remarks. - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -was originally described and so far known from the rio Cururu, tributary to rio Teles Pires near Jacareacanga, -Pará -. We herein - - - -FIGURE -35 | - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - - -, -paratype -, -MCP -46046, 23.0 m SL, female, sand bank of rio Cururu, tributary to rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, Jacareacanga, Pará, -Brazil -. - - - - - -TABLE -7 | - -Descriptive morphometrics of - -Rhinotocinclus -species. - -Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the -holotype -(Hol), SD = standard deviation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -R. bockmanni - -n = 8 - - -R. dani - -n = 14 - - -R. hera - -n = 10 -
Character
LowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)18.323.019.827.420.427.424.125.219.426.122.6
-Percent of SL -
Body depth17.222.220.01.8917.316.318.317.10.5815.814.617.516.00.93
Predosal distance47.551.249.31.2148.647.549.848.40.7749.047.250.548.60.92
Prepelvic distance44.447.345.91.0845.343.745.744.80.5644.443.347.444.71.53
Preanal distance64.767.666.00.9265.163.866.165.10.6964.863.467.064.41.13
Preadipose distance--------------
Dorsal-fin spine length24.228.326.11.5624.024.027.025.30.9025.121.525.123.71.13
Anal-fin unbranched ray length18.221.319.01.0915.515.519.316.61.0718.314.418.316.71.30
Adipose-fin spine length--------------
Pectoral-fin spine length29.331.630.30.7429.829.231.830.40.8229.827.629.928.90.88
Caudal peduncle depth10.611.611.10.378.88.89.99.30.288.37.89.38.60.50
Dorsal-adipose fin distance--------------
Dorsal-fin base length11.814.313.10.7511.39.812.711.50.879.39.312.310.31.08
Lower caudal-fin principal ray28.434.131.01.96-24.327.926.41.1225.324.329.726.71.93
Cleithral width24.226.725.40.9123.623.626.525.30.9124.523.626.024.60.72
Head length38.441.639.90.9838.336.340.038.21.137.635.141.238.51.95
-Percent of HL -
Head depth41.345.443.01.5742.939.943.542.40.942.839.945.542.21.97
Interorbital distance32.736.134.41.2339.236.241.938.71.636.433.737.735.41.37
Orbital horizontal diameter16.218.617.50.8614.613.616.715.30.816.615.117.316.50.68
Snout length49.052.250.31.0753.150.855.652.71.252.851.955.653.51.40
Internarial distance6.610.78.61.2611.09.612.011.00.79.87.211.29.91.22
-Tooth count -
Premaxilla111412.50.9326192821.92.720162218.72.26
Dentary91211.01.0722162219.41.721152117.42.01
- - -record this species to the lower Tapajós downstream from the mouth of rio Jamanxim, extending the distribution o the north by -ca -. -500 km -in straight line. - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -, listed as - -Hisonotus bockmanni - -, is currently assessed as Data Deficient (DD) in the Brazilian regional assessment by ICMBio (2018). Based on the new record this species should be reassessed. - - - - - -Material examined. Rio Tapajós basin, Pará State, -Brazil -: - -LIRP -8139, -holotype -, -LIRP - - -8140, 2 of 3 + 1 cs -paratypes -(2 measured), -MCP -46046, -3 paratypes -(3 measured), sand bank of rio - - - -FIGURE -36 | - -Geographic distribution of - -Rhinotocinclus -species - -of the - -R. bockmanni - -group in southeastern Amazon basin. - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -(black dots); - -R. dani - -(red dots); - -R. hera - -(pink dots); - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -(blue dots); - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -(white dots); - -R. pentakelis - -(yellow dots). -T -= Type-locality. - - -Cururu, tributary to rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, Jacareacanga, -08°53’42.2”S -57°14’27.8”W -. -INPA -6924, 3 (3 measured), rio Tapajós at Pimental, below mouth of rio Jamanxin, Itaituba, -04°33’41”S -56°15’50”W -. - - - -Rhinotocinclus dani -(Roxo, Silva & Oliveira, 2016) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 37; Tab. 7) - - -Parotocinclus dani -Roxo, Silva & Oliveira, 2016:127 - -(Type-locality: municipality of Peixoto de Azevedo, -Mato Grosso State -, small tributary of rio Peixoto de Azevedo, drainage of rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, -10°23’10”S -54°18’22”W -. -Holotype -: -MZUSP -120737). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus dani - -is distinguished from all congeners, except for - -R. - - - -bockmanni -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by having - - - - -FIGURE -37 | - - -Rhinotocinclus dani -, MCP - - -54756, -26.1 mm -SL, female, rio Paranaíta, Paranaíta, -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -. - - -the dominant color pattern formed by five dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7D; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by four or five wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Figs. 6E,F; -vs. -light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow (Fig, 5C; -vs. -cusps brown or light ochre). - -Rhinotocinclus dani - -is further distinguished from - -R. britskii - -, - -R. discolor - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. isabelae - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. pilosus - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, and - -R. yaka - -by lacking an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin present). - -Rhinotocinclus dani - -is further distinguished from congeners, except - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. pentakelis - -by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent). - -Rhinotocinclus dani - -is distinguished from - -R. bockmanni - -by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( -vs. -dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( -vs. -bar 2 absent or inconspicuous). It is distinguished from - -R. hera - -by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent) and yellow teeth cusps ( -vs. -light ochre cusps); and from - -R. pentakelis - -by the shallower body (body depth 16.3– 18.3% -vs. -18.4–20.8% SL; caudal peduncle depth 8.8–9.9% -vs. -10.1–11.7% SL; head depth 38.0–43.5% -vs. -43.6–49.5% HL) and shorter dorsal-fin spine (24.0–27.0% -vs. -27.0–30.8% SL). - -Rhinotocinclus dani - -is further distinguished from - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( -vs. -dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), the shallower caudal peduncle (8.8–9.9% -vs. -10.3–11.2% SL) and smaller orbital diameter (13.6–16.7% -vs. -16.9–18.1% HL); and from - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -by the body dark bars 2 and usually 3 reaching to the ventral midline ( -vs. -dark bars barely passing lateral dark stripe), and more numerous premaxillary (19–28, mode 21; Tab. 1) and dentary (16–22, mode 19; Tab. 2) teeth ( -vs. -fewer premaxillary, 12–18, mode 16, and dentary, 11–16, mode 13, teeth). - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus dani - -occur in the rio Teles Pires and rio Jamanxim basins of the rio Tapajós drainage, in the states of -Mato Grosso -and Pará, -Brazil -(Fig. 36). - - - - -Remarks. -Extintion risk of - -Rhinotocinclus dani - -is currently not assessed. - - - - - -Material examined. Rio Tapajós basin, -Mato Grosso State -, -Brazil -: - -MZUSP -120737, -holotype -(measured), cachoeira da Neblina in tributary to rio Peixoto de Azevedo, rio Teles Pires basin, Peixoto de Azevedo, -10°23’10”S -54°18’22”W -. -MZUSP -96194, -20 paratypes -(3 measured), island on rio Teles Pires, Paranaíta, -09°27’31”S -56°29’19”W -. -MZUSP -96225, -5 paratypes -(2 measured), marginal lagoon from gold mining activities in rio Tapajós, Paranaíta, -09°25’44”S -56°32’36”W -. -INPA -35523, 37 (7 measured), -MCP -54756, 13 (7 measured) + 2 cs, rio Paranaíta, Paranaíta, Mato Grosso, -09°30’57”S -56°42’36”W -. -MCP -32676, 3 (1 measured) + 2 cs, rio Kaiapá on road MT-320, -ca -. -5 km -N of Nova Canaã do Norte, -10°36’16”S -55°42’26”W -. - - - -Rhinotocinclus hera -(Gamarra, Calegari & Reis, 2019) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 38; Tab. 7) - - -Curculionichthys hera -Gamarra, Calegari & Reis, 2019:2 - -(Type-locality: igarapé do Onça, tributary to rio Curuá-Una on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis, Belterra, Pará, -Brazil -, -03º33’35.3”S -54°52’09.2”W -, elevation -80 m -asl. -Holotype -: -MCP -52500). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -is distinguished from all congeners, except for - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7E; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Fig. 6E, F; -vs. -light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and, also except from - -R. acuen - -and - -R. dinizae - -, by having teeth with light ochre cusps (Fig. 5B; -vs. -cusps brown). - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -is further distinguished from - -R. britskii - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, - -R. yaka - -, - -R. discolor - -, - -R. isabelae - -, and - -R. pilosus - -by lacking an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin present). - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -is further distinguished from congeners, except - -R. acuen - -, - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dinizae - -, and - -R -. - - - - -FIGURE -38 | - -Rhinotocinclus hera - - -, -holotype -, -MCP -52500, -25.2 mm -SL, female, igarapé do Onça, tributary to rio Curuá-Una, on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis, Belterra, Pará, -Brazil -. - - - - - -jumaorum - -by lacking both an adipose fin and small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -adipose fin or small platelets present). - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -is further distinguished from - -R. bockmanni - -by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( -vs. -dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( -vs. -bar 2 absent or inconspicuous); and from - -R. dani - -by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent); and proportionally larger orbit and narrower interorbital distance (orbital diameter 44.0–50.4%; -vs. -36.2–44.1% interorbital distance). - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -is further distinguished from - -R. pentakelis - -by its shallower body (body depth 14.6–17.5% -vs. -18.4–20.8% SL; and caudal peduncle depth 7.8–9.3% -vs. -10.1–11.7% SL); and shorter dorsal-fin spine length (21.5–25.1% -vs. -27.0–30.8% SL); and from - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( -vs. -dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), the shallower caudal peduncle (7.8–9.3% -vs. -10.3–11.2% SL) and narrower interorbital distance (33.7–37.7% -vs. -38.8–43.9% HL). - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -is further distinguished from - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -by the comparatively shallower caudal peduncle (21.3–23.5% -vs. -23.3–26.3% HL). - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -occurs in creeks tributary to the rio Curuá-Una, a small river draining to the Amazon immediately east of the town of Santarém, Pará State, -Brazil -(Fig. 36). - - - - -Remarks. - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -was originally described as - -Curculionichthys hera - -, and accordingly was compared to other species of -Curculionichthtys -. Remarkably, the authors distinguished the new species from congeners, except - -C -. -jumaorum - -(originally described as - -Hisonotus - -) and - -C -. -karipuna -Silva, Roxo, Melo & Oliveira, 2016 - -, by possessing a single rostral plate ( -vs -. paired rostral plates); and except - -C -. -jumaorum - -and - -C. sabaji -Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015 - -, by having darkened tooth-crowns ( -vs -. hyaline to light yellow tipped teeth). As demonstrated in the presente study, both - -C. hera - -and - -H. jumaorum - -, belong to - -Rhinotocinclus - -and the single rostral plate and brown tooth crown are typical of its species. - -Rhinotocinclus hera - -was tentatively categorized as Least Concern ( -LC -) by Gamarra -et al -. (2019) in the original description. - - - - - -Material examined. Rio Curuá-Una basin, Pará State, -Brazil -: - -MCP -52500, -holotype -(measured), -AMNH -267150, -7 paratypes -, -MCP -51571, 70 (6 measured) + 2 cs -paratypes -, -NUP -20539, -7 paratypes -, -MZUSP -123948, -7 paratypes -, igarapé do Onça, tributary to rio CuruáUna, on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis, Belterra, -03º33’35.3”S -54°52’09.2”W -. -MCP -51600, -15 paratypes -(3 measured), igarapé Moju, tributary to rio Curuá-Una, on road BR-163 between Belterra and Rurópolis, Belterra, -03°25’05.8”S -54°54’46.7”W -. -MCP -51604, 10, rio Curuá-Una at mouth or rio Curuá-Tinga, -ca -. -11 km -N of Transmazon road, Placas, -03°47’56.1”S -54°21’19.3”W -. -MCP -53424, 2, rio Curuá-Una at mouth or rio Curuá-Tinga, -ca -. -11 km -N of Transamazon road, Placas, -03°47’56.1”S -54°21’19.3”W -. -MCP -51599, 5 (4 measured) + 1 tissue sample, rio Tutuí on Transamazon road -ca -. -20 km -E of Placas, Uruará, -03°51’33.8”S -54°03’40.5”W -. - - - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis -(Roxo, Messias & Silva, 2019) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 39; Tab. 8) - - - - -Parotocinclus pentakelis -Roxo, Messias & Silva, 2019:347 - -(Type-locality: -Brazil -, -Tocantins State -, municipality Lavandeira, Rio Palmas, Rio -Tocantins -basin; -12°48’05”S -46°28’38”W -. -Holotype -: -MZUSP -124900). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis - -is distinguished from all congeners, except for - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7D; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Figs. 6E,F; -vs. -light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow cusps (Fig. 5C; -vs. -cusps light ochre or brown). - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis - -is further distinguished from - -R. britskii - -, - -R. discolor - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. isabelae - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. pilosus - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, and - -R. yaka - -by lacking an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin present). - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis - -is further distinguished from congeners, except - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent). - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis - - - - -TABLE -8 | - -Descriptive morphometrics of - -Rhinotocinclus -species. - -Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the -holotype -(Hol), SD = standard deviation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -R. pentakelis - -n = 16 - - -R. marginalis - -n = 13 - - -R. loxochelis - -n = 9 -
Character
LowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)18.123.621.219.618.220.819.422.620.323.121.6
-Percent of SL -
Body depth18.420.819.50.8017.716.518.717.90.6218.718.320.419.40.70
Predosal distance47.149.548.10.7947.843.649.847.71.4550.048.752.850.51.55
Prepelvic distance42.045.243.60.8345.243.146.744.71.1144.142.846.444.31.19
Preanal distance62.466.664.31.2062.956.465.162.92.2265.061.766.263.91.27
Preadipose distance--------------
Dorsal-fin spine length27.030.828.81.2423.121.925.724.11.1825.723.227.625.41.29
Anal-fin unbranched ray length18.421.819.70.9018.017.019.918.60.7717.317.119.018.00.73
Adipose-fin spine length--------------
Pectoral-fin spine length28.833.530.61.2328.728.330.329.20.5832.130.432.131.20.63
Caudal peduncle depth10.111.710.70.429.29.310.09.60.2310.510.311.210.80.31
Dorsal-adipose fin distance--------------
Dorsal-fin base length11.113.112.50.4612.111.412.412.00.2711.911.813.512.60.66
Lower caudal-fin principal ray26.934.629.91.8827.427.431.529.01.3727.424.529.227.01.51
Cleithral width25.427.526.20.5325.624.627.225.80.6726.226.127.426.80.50
Head length37.539.738.30.6139.238.040.839.30.9739.339.342.140.40.79
-Percent of HL -
Head depth43.649.547.11.7045.240.246.144.01.8349.444.349.446.81.75
Interorbital distance36.940.939.10.9434.834.837.636.10.8642.338.843.942.11.46
Orbital horizontal diameter15.918.216.70.6216.714.917.516.20.7217.515.918.117.30.63
Snout length49.253.351.01.0551.447.953.150.71.2750.049.452.351.00.98
Internarial distance7.612.39.71.5512.48.213.211.11.3014.411.814.413.00.80
-Tooth count -
Premaxilla152218.31.6914121815.51.7120162219.91.83
Dentary142116.81.8113111613.31.2517151916.91.27
- - -is distinguished from - -R. bockmanni - -by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( -vs. -dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( -vs. -bar 2 absent or inconspicuous). It is distinguished from - -R. hera - -by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent) and yellow teeth cusps ( -vs. -light ochre cusps); and from - -R. dani - -by the deeper body (body depth 18.4–20.8% -vs. -16.3–18.3% SL; caudal peduncle depth 10.1–11.7% -vs. -8.8–9.9% SL; head depth 43.6– 49.5% -vs. -38.0–43.5% HL), and longer dorsal-fin spine (27.0–30.8% -vs. -24.0–27.0% - - - - -FIGURE -39 | - - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis -, MCP - - -54394, - -23.4 - -mm SL, female, rio Palma at Lavandeira, rio -Tocantins -basin, -Tocantins -, -Brazil -. - - - - -SL). - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis - -is further distinguished from - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( -vs. -dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), and the comparatively shorter head (head length 37.5–39.7% -vs. -39.3–41.3% HL); and from - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -by the comparatively deeper caudal peduncle (10.1–11.7% -vs. -9.1–10.1% SL and 26.3–29.7%; -vs. -23.3–26.3% HL). - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis - -is only known from two localities in tributaries to the rio -Tocantins -in the state of -Tocantins -, -Brazil -(Fig. 36). - - - - -Remarks. -In the original description, - -Parotocinclus pentakelis - -was named and diagnosed from remaining - -Parotocinclus -species - -, except - -P. dani - -, by possessing five conspicuous dark - - - -FIGURE -40 | - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - - -, -holotype -, -MCP -54748, -19.6 mm -SL, rio Iriri at Cachoeira Grande, -ca -. -15 km -upstream from confluence with rio Xingu, Piranhaquara, Pará, -Brazil -. - - -bars on body, compared to three or four dark bars of other - -Parotocinclus -species. - -In fact, however, remaining Amazon basin - -Parotocinclus - -, now all transferred to - -Rhinotocinclus - -, possess five dark bars (Fig. 7). Extintion risk of - -Rhinotocinclus pentakelis - -is currently not assessed. - - - - -Material examined. -MCP -54394, 36 (16 measured) + 2 cs, rio Palma at Lavandeira, rio - - -Tocantins -basin, -Tocantins -, -Brazil -, -12°47’41.03”S -46°30’46.20”W -. - - - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -, -new species - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -89E47C73-8B40-4676-86A4-C97EFBB8034C - - -(Fig. 40; Tab. 8) - - -Holotype -. - -MCP -54748, -19.6 mm -SL, rio Iriri at Cachoeira Grande, -ca -. -15 km -upstream from confluence with rio Xingu, Piranhaquara, -Pará -, -03°50’35.5”S -52°44’08.3”W -, -10 Oct 2012 -, M. H. Sabaj, M. A. Arce & L. M. Sousa. - - - -Paratypes -. Rio Xingu basin, Pará, -Brazil -: - -ANSP -193022, 55 (not measured), -MCP - - -48609, 8, -17.8–19.9 mm -SL (1 measured, -19.9 mm -SL) + 1 cs, same data as -holotype -. - - -INPA -31155, 29, 15.0– -20.3 mm -SL (4 measured, -18.2–20.3 mm -SL) + 2 cs, rio Iriri, -ca -. 4 h below mouth of rio Novo, Altamira, -04°14’14”S -53°24’34”W -, -22 Aug 2008 -, H. López-Fernandez, N. Meliciano, G. Ortí & C. Röepke. -INPA -33916, 10, -15.3–20.5 mm -SL (4 measured, -18.5–20.5 mm -SL), Altamira National Forest, Itaitúba, approx. -05°50’S -54°55’W -, -19 Jun 2009 -, -R -. Leitão & F. Ribeiro. -INPA -59657, 3, -18.8–20.8 mm -SL (3 measured), rio Iriri, above mouth of rio Novo, ltamira, -04°28’11”S -53°41’38”W -, -21 Aug 2008 -, H. López-Fernandez, N. Meliciano, G. Ortí & C. Röepke. -INPA -59658, 9, -16.1–19.1 mm -SL, -ROM -112205, 2 tissue samples, rio Iriri at Barrinha, Altamira, -04°09’05”S -53°23’28”W -, -19 Aug 2008 -, H. López-Fernandez, N. Meliciano, G. Ortí & C. Röepke. -LBP -16685, 6, -20.6–25.1 mm -SL, unnamed creek in Altamira, -03°24’19.8”S -52°05’48”W -, -30 Sep 2012 -, C. Oliveira, -R -. Britzke, L. M. Sousa & D. A. Bastos (preserved in ethanol). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -is distinguished from all congeners, except for - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 5D; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Figs. 6E,F; -vs. -light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow cusps (Fig. 5C; -vs. -cusps light ochre or brown). - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -is further distinguished from - -R. britskii - -, - -R. discolor - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. isabelae - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. pilosus - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, and - -R. yaka - -by lacking an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin present). - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -is further distinguished from congeners, except - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. pentakelis - -, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent). - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -is distinguished from - -R. bockmanni - -by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( -vs. -dorsal-fin dark spot present), and by having a conspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( -vs. -bar 2 absent or inconspicuous). It is distinguished from - -R. hera - -by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent) and yellow teeth cusps ( -vs. -light ochre cusps); and from - -R. pentakelis - -by the shallower caudal peduncle (9.1– 10.1% -vs. -10.1–11.7% SL and 23.3–26.3% -vs. -26.6–29.7% HL). - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -is further distinguished from - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by the regularly arranged dark bars on body ( -vs. -dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern), the shallower caudal peduncle 9.1–10.1% -vs. -10.3–11.2% SL) and shorter pectoral-fin spine (26.7–30.3% -vs. -30.4–32.1% SL); and from - -R. dani - -by the dark bars on body barely passing lateral dark stripe ( -vs. -dark bars 2 and usually 3 reaching to the ventral midline), and fewer premaxillary (12–18, mode 16; Tab. 1) and dentary (11–16, mode 13; Tab. 2) teeth ( -vs. -more numerous premaxillary, 19–28, mode 21, and dentary, 16–22, mode 19, teeth). - - - - -Description. -Proportional measurements in Tab. 8. Dorsal profile of head concave from snout tip to area between nares, convex from that point to parieto-supraoccipital tip and straight from that point to origin of dorsal fin. Dorsal profile of body mostly straight and descending from dorsal-fin origin to insertion of caudal fin. Trunk horizontally ovoid to roundly triangular and caudal peduncle vertically ovoid in cross section, - -vaguely flattened ventrally and compressed caudally. Body progressively narrowing posteriorly from cleithrum, more so behind dorsal fin. -Head slightly convex between orbits; dorsal margin of orbit slightly elevated. Snout elongated, depressed, its anterior margin rounded in dorsal view, with small depression anterior to naris. Eye comparatively large, positioned dorsolaterally, with small dorsal iris operculum. Posterior tip of parieto-supraoccipital with patch of enlarged odontodes. Slightly enlarged odontodes on snout border, especially on rostral and postrostral plates and on lower surface of pectoral and pelvic spines; enlarged odontodes curved and posteriorly oriented. Odontodes on head and trunk otherwise of uniform size and distribution. Canal cheek plate bent and elongated posteroventrally, almost contacting cleithum. Lips rounded, narrow, covered with minute papillae; papillae slightly decreasing in size towards lip margin. Lip margin with uniformly distributed papillae forming delicate fringe. Maxillary barbel with large free distal portion. Teeth moderately robust, bifid. Larger, medial cusp blade-like and slightly rounded, not elongated. Smaller, lateral cusp minute and pointed. Premaxillary teeth 12–18 (14); dentary teeth 11–16 (13); accessory teeth absent. -Body entirely covered by dermal plates except for ventral surface of head around lips, area around pelvic-fin insertion, and area around anus. Lateral plates arranged in five longitudinal series on trunk. Dorsal plate series complete, beginning at origin of dorsal fin, with 19–20 plates; mid-dorsal series incomplete, with 7–8 plates; middle series complete, with two ossified tubes and 22–24 plates. Lateral line on middle plate series with two ossified tubes, 20–22 pored plates followed by 2–3 terminal plates without canal. Midventral series incomplete with 19–20 plates. Ventral series complete and continuous from pelvic-fin origin to caudal-fin base, with 20-–21 plates. Predorsal plates forming two transverse rows anterior to nuchal plate. Coracoid completely exposed ventrally, twice longer than cleithrum; cleithrum exposed laterally with medial area and arrector fossa covered by skin. Lateral abdominal plates 3–4 (3/3); plates transversely elongate, clearly arranged in line between coracoid and pelvic-fin origin. Middle abdominal plates 1–2 series, between the lateral abdominal plates. Preanal plate large, single or double, bordered anteriorly by two or three plates. First anal-fin pterygiophore exposed in front of anal-fin as small, plate-like bone supporting odontodes. Total vertebrae 28, in one dissected specimen. -Dorsal-fin rays I,7; spine slightly arched. Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal-fin spinelet present, plate-like, roundly triangular dorsally and V-shaped anteriorly. Spinelet articulated to first dorsal-fin pterygiophore and dorsal-fin spine locking mechanism functional. Adipose fin absent; single azygous plate at adipose-fin position in 1 out of 3 cs specimens. Pectoral-fin rays I,6. Large spine slightly arched; tip of adpressed spine reaching between distal fourth and tip of pelvic fin. Pectoral-fin axillary slit present, with large slanted opening ventral to tip of posterior process of cleithrum. Pelvic-fin rays i,5, fin short, with tip of adpressed fin almost reaching or reaching to anal-fin origin in males, falling short of that point in females. Adult males with small, delicate fleshy flap along posterodorsal margin of thickened first pelvic-fin ray. Odontodes on ventral surface of thickened first pelvic-fin ray bent and oriented mesially. Anal-fin rays i,5. Caudal-fin rays i,14,i, with upper and lower unbranched rays subequal. - -Color in alcohol. -Dorsal portions of head and trunk light brown, and cream to pale yellow ventrally. Two separate light mark from snout tip diverging towards nostrils. Compound pterotic and most of parieto-supraoccipial behind eyes dark brown. Posterior portion of parieto-supraoccipital lighter than surrounding areas, but not forming inverted Y-shaped mark. Trunk with five conspicuous dark brown bars; bars 1 merged with darkened predorsal area. Bars extending transversely from dorsal midline to middle lateral series of plates. Dark bars connected by lateral dark stripe from compound pterotic to caudal-fin base; dark bars barely passing ventrally to such stripe. Ventral surface mostly unpigmented, but small concentrations of chromatophores on cheeks, lateral abdominal plates, and caudal peduncle. Tooth cusps light yellow. Fins with transverse, brown bands formed by concentration of chromatophores on rays; bands more numerous on leading rays; membranes mostly hyaline. Dorsal fin without dark triangular spot at anterior portion of membrane, spine with 2–3 dark brown spots, branched rays with 2–3 dark bands, especially in distal half. Pectoral-fin spine with 4–5 dark spots, branched rays with 1–2 irregular dark bands. Pelvic fin hyaline or with one indistinct dark band. Anal fin with 1–2 dark bands. Caudal fin with dark transverse blotch at base and 1–2 irregular, indistinct brown bands. - - -Sexual dimorphism. -Males have a conspicuous urogenital papilla immediately behind the anus and a low skin fold along the first, unbranched pelvic-fin ray, both characteristics being absent in females. Males also possess a larger nostril than females, and the snout profile greatly elevated immediately in front of the eyes. Males also have slightly longer pelvic fins, which reach or almost reach to the anal-fin origin and fall short of that point in females. - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -is known from tributaries to the lower rio Xingu and rio Iriri, in the state of Pará, -Brazil -(Fig. 36). - - - - -Etymology. - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -, from the Latin -margo -, meaning margin, and - -alis -, in allusion to the distribution of the species in the northern margin of the Brazilian Shield. An adjective. - - -Conservation status. -The extinction risk of - -Rhinotocinclus marginalis - -is assessed as low despite the limited knowledge of its geographic distribution. The species is known from six localities in the lower Xingu and the Iriri rivers, with an Extension of Occurrence ( -EOO -) estimated by the convex polygon of those localities of approximately -6,570 km -2 -. Despite logging and gold mining are common throughout the area, these threats are not believed to put the population in risk. In addition, the entire area of distribution of the species is located inside preservations areas (Altamira National Forest, Terra do Meio Ecological Station, Riozonho do Afrísio and Iriri Extractive Reserves, and at least three Indigenous Lands). For this reason, - -R. marginalis - -is preliminarily categorized as Least Concern ( -LC -) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( -IUCN -) categories and criteria ( -IUCN -Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019). - - - - - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -, -new species - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -1B9ABD2F-5756-49C4-AB59-3C15B820D98D - - -(Fig. 41; Tab. 8) - - - - -Holotype -. - -MPEG -38957, -22.6 mm -SL, creek in Jamanxim National Forest, Itaituba, - - -Pará -, -08°23’45.7”S -55°39’27.6”W -, -28 May 2008 -, F. B. N. Ribeiro. - - - -Paratypes -. Rio Jamanxim basin, Pará State, -Brazil -: - -MPEG -15033, 3, -17.4–23.1 mm -SL (2 measured, -20.5–23.1 m -SL) + 1 cs (measured, -22.4 mm -SL), -MCP -54747, 2, 21.0– -22.6 mm -SL (2 measured), collected with -holotype -. -MPEG -17644, 3, -20.3–21.4 mm -SL (3 measured), rio Novo basin, tributary to rio Jamanxim, Jamanxim National Forest, Novo Progresso, -07°18’45.64”S -56°10’10.83”W -, -24 Sep 2008 -, F. -R -. Silva. -MPEG -17681, 4, -20.2–21.6 mm -SL, rio Claro, tributary to rio Jamanxim, Jamanxim National Forest, Novo Progresso, -07°02’50.6”S -55°47’12.5”W -, -27 Aug 2008 -, F. -R -. Silva. - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -is distinguished from all congeners by having the dominant color pattern formed by four dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern (Fig. 41; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle). - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -is further distinguished from - -R. britskii - -, - -R. discolor - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. isabelae - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. pilosus - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, and - -R. yaka - -by lacking an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin present). - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -is further distinguished from congeners, except - -R. marginalis - -, - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dani - -, and - -R. pentakelis - -, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( -vs. -small platelets absent). - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -is distinguished from - -R. bockmanni - -by lacking a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( -vs. -dorsal-fin dark spot present), and from - -R. hera - -by having yellow teeth cusps (Fig. 5C; -vs. -light ochre cusps). - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -is further distinguished from - -R. marginalis - -by the dark bar 2 on body reaching to the ventral midline ( -vs. -dark bars on body barely passing lateral dark stripe), and by the deeper caudal peduncle 10.3–11.2% -vs. -9.1–10.1% SL) and longer pectoral-fin spine (30.4–32.1% -vs. -26.7–30.3% SL); and from - -R. dani - -by the deeper body (body depth 18.3–20.4% -vs. -16.3–18.3% SL, caudal peduncle depth 10.3–11.2% -vs. -8.8–9.9% SL, and head depth 44.9–49.4% -vs. -38.0–43.5% HL). - - - - -Description. -Proportional measurements in Tab. 8. Dorsal profile of head slightly concave from snout tip to area between nares, convex from that point to parietosupraoccipital tip and straight to slightly convex from that point to origin of dorsal fin. Dorsal profile of body mostly straight and descending from dorsal-fin origin to insertion of caudal fin. Trunk horizontally ovoid to roundly triangular and caudal peduncle vertically ovoid in cross section, vaguely flattened ventrally and compressed caudally. Body progressively narrowing posteriorly from cleithrum, more so behind dorsal fin. - - - -FIGURE -41 | - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - - -, -holotype -, -MPEG -38957, -22.6 mm -SL, female, creek in Jamanxim National Forest, Itaituba, Pará, -Brazil -. - -Head convex between orbits; dorsal margin of orbit not elevated. Snout elongated, depressed, its anterior margin rounded in dorsal view, with small depression anterior to naris. Eye comparatively large, positioned more laterally than dorsolaterally, with small dorsal iris operculum. Posterior tip of parieto-supraoccipital with patch of slightly enlarged odontodes. Slightly enlarged odontodes on snout border, especially on rostral and postrostral plates and on lower surface of pectoral and pelvic spines; enlarged odontodes curved and posteriorly oriented. Odontodes on head and trunk otherwise of uniform size and distribution. Canal cheek plate bent and elongated posteroventrally, almost contacting cleithum. Lips rounded, narrow, covered with minute papillae; papillae slightly decreasing in size towards lip margin. Lip margin with uniformly distributed papillae forming delicate fringe. Maxillary barbel with large free distal portion. Fleshy keel on lower lip behind each dentary. Teeth moderately robust, bifid. Larger, medial cusp blade-like and slightly rounded, not elongated. Smaller, lateral cusp minute and pointed. Premaxillary teeth 16–22 (20); dentary teeth 15–19 (17); accessory teeth absent. -Body entirely covered by dermal plates except for ventral surface of head around lips, area around pelvic-fin insertion, and area around anus. Lateral plates arranged in five longitudinal series on trunk. Dorsal plate series complete, beginning at origin of dorsal fin, with 18 plates; mid-dorsal series incomplete, with 5–7 plates; middle series complete, with two ossified tubes and 22–23 plates. Lateral line on middle plate series with two ossified tubes, 21–22 pored plates followed by 1 terminal plate without canal. Mid-ventral series incomplete with 18 plates. Ventral series complete and continuous from pelvic-fin origin to caudal-fin base, with 19 plates. Predorsal plates forming two transverse rows anterior to nuchal plate. Coracoid completely exposed ventrally, twice longer than cleithrum; cleithrum exposed laterally with medial area and arrector fossa covered by skin. Lateral abdominal plates 3–5 (3/4); plates transversely elongate, clearly arranged in line between coracoid and pelvic-fin origin. Middle abdominal plates 1–2 series, between the lateral abdominal plates. Preanal plate large, single or double, bordered anteriorly by one or two plates. First anal-fin pterygiophore exposed in front of anal-fin as small, plate-like bone supporting odontodes. Total vertebrae 27, in one dissected specimen. -Dorsal-fin rays I,7; spine slightly arched. Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal-fin spinelet present, plate-like, roundly triangular dorsally and V-shaped anteriorly. Spinelet articulated to first dorsal-fin pterygiophore and dorsal-fin spine locking mechanism functional. Adipose fin absent; single azygous plate at adipose-fin position in one cs specimen. Pectoral-fin rays I,6. Large spine slightly arched; tip of adpressed spine almost reaching or reaching to tip of pelvic fin. Pectoral-fin axillary slit present, with large slanted opening ventral to tip of posterior process of cleithrum. Pelvic-fin rays i,5, fin short, with tip of adpressed fin falling short of anal-fin origin in females, males so far unknown. Odontodes on ventral surface of thickened first pelvic-fin ray bent and oriented mesially. Anal-fin rays i,5. Caudal-fin rays i,14,i, with upper and lower unbranched rays subequal. - -Color in alcohol. -Dorsal portions of head and trunk light brown o pale yellow, cream to pale yellow ventrally. Two separate light marks from snout tip diverging towards nostrils. Compound pterotic and most of parieto-supraoccipial behind eyes brown. Posterior portion of parieto-supraoccipital lighter than surrounding areas, but not forming inverted Y-shaped mark. Trunk with five conspicuous dark brown bars; bar 1 merged with darkened predorsal area; bar 4 sometimes duplicated. Bars extending transversely from dorsal midline to ventral surface. Dark bars connected by zig-zag lateral dark stripe from compound pterotic to caudal-fin base. Ventral surface mostly unpigmented, but small concentrations of chromatophores on cheeks, lateral abdominal plates, and caudal peduncle. Bar 2 elongated ventrally to anal-fin origin; bars 3–4 reaching or almost reaching to ventral midline. Tooth cusps light yellow. Fins with transverse, brown bands formed by concentration of chromatophores on rays; bands more numerous on leading rays; membranes mostly hyaline. Dorsal fin without dark triangular spot at anterior portion of membrane, spine with 3–4 dark brown spots, branched rays with 2–3 dark bands. Pectoral-fin spine with 4–5 dark spots, branched rays with 2–3 irregular dark bands. Pelvic fin with 1–2 dark band. Anal fin with 1–2 indistinct dark bands. Caudal fin with dark transverse blotch at base and 2–3 irregular brown bands. - - -Sexual dimorphism. -Males unknown for this species; all -14 specimens -examined are females. - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -is known from creeks tributary to the rio Jamanxim, rio Tapajós basin, in the Jamanxim National Forest, Pará, -Brazil -(Fig. 36). - - - - -Etymology. - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -, from the Greek - -MQ -p -Q - -c -( -loxos -), slanting, crosswise, and - -lfm -ic - -( -kelis -), stain, spot, in allusion to the broken and oblique dark bars of the species. A noun in apposition. - - -Conservation status. -The extinction risk of - -Rhinotocinclus loxochelis - -is assessed as low despite its restricted range. The species is known from three localities in the rio Jamanxim basin, with an Extension of Occurrence ( -EOO -) estimated by the convex polygon of those localities of approximately -3,400 km -2 -. Both logging and gold mining are common in the region, but these threats are not believed to put the population in risk. Also, all three known localities are located inside the Jamanxim National Forest. For this reason, - -R. loxochelis - -is preliminarily categorized as Least Concern ( -LC -) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( -IUCN -) categories and criteria ( -IUCN -Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019). - - - - - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus - -Group - - - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus -(Britski & Garavello, 2007) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 42; Tab. 9) - - -Hisonotus chromodontus -Bristski & Garavello, 2007:414 - -(Type-locality: -Brazil -: -Mato Grosso State -: Diamantino, creek number 1, tributary of Rio Preto, on road to São Francisco, Rio Arinos drainage, -ca -. -14°18’S -56°20’W -. -Holotype -: -MZUSP -45355). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus - -is distinguished from congeners, except - -R. acuen - -, - -R. jumaorum - -, and - -R. dinizae - -, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; -vs. -light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except - -R. acuen - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. jumaorum - -, and - -R. dinizae - -, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( -vs. -adipose fin or platelets present). - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus - -is distinguished from - -R. acuen - -, - -R. jumaorum - -, and - -R. dinizae - -by having the caudal fin mostly brown, with two hyaline spots on upper and lower lobes (Fig. 42; -vs. -caudal fin with a dark blotch at base and two irregular dark bands), and from - -R. acuen - -, - -R. dinizae - -, - -R. hera - -by having the oral teeth reddish brown ( -vs. -teeth light ochre). It is further distinguished from - -R. acuen - -, - -R. dinizae - -, - -R. hera - -, and - -R. jumaorum - -by the dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines homogeneously dusky ( -vs. -spines with 2–3 dark dots). - - - - -FIGURE -42 | - - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus -, MCP - - -32660, -25.2 mm -SL, male, igarapé Ribeirão Preto, on road MT-338, -ca -. -26 km -ESE of Porto dos Gaúchos, Porto dos Gaúchos, -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -. - - - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus - -occurs in the upper rio - - -Tapajós basin, in the state of -Mato Grosso -(Fig. 43). - - - - -Remarks. -Two species of - -Hisonotus - -were described by Britski, Garavello (2007), - -H. chromodontus - -and - -H. luteofrenatus - -, from the upper rio Tapajós, being thus compared to other - -Hisonotus -species. - - -Hisonotus luteofrenatus - -has already been transferred to - -Curculionichthys - -and - -H. chromodontus - -is herein being transferred to - -Rhinotocinclus - -. We take this opportunity to mention that figures 3a and b are interchanged in Britski, Garavello (2007), as can be easily noticed by the single rostral plate of - -Rhinotocinclus - -(compared to the paired rostral plate of - -Curculionichthys - -) and the posteriorly projected canal cheek plate (compared to the mesially projected plate of - -Curculionichthys - -). - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus - -, listed as - -Hisonotus chromodontus - -, is currently assessed as Least Concern ( -LC -) in the Brazilian regional assessment by ICMBio (2018). - - - - - -Material examined. -Brazil -, -Mato Grosso State -, Rio Tapajós basin: - -MZUSP -45255, -holotype -(measured), riacho Três, tributary to rio Preto on road to São Francisco, Diamantino, approx. -14°16’S -56°19’W -. -MCP -37636, -5 paratypes -(4 measured), rio Sumidouro Grande, tributary to rio Arinos on farm Arrossensal, Nortelândia, approx. -14°05’S -56°45’W -. -AUM -73895, 10, -INPA -59666, 10, -MCP -35873, 150+ 10 cs, -MHNG -2787.079, 10, -ROM -111487, 10, rio Sauê-Uiná below dam on road BR-364 towards Sapezal, Sapezal, -13°32’22”S -58°50’48”W -. -MCP -32648, 3, creek on road MT-338, -ca -. -158 km -N of Tapurah, Simione, -11°42’13”S -56°56’17”W -. -MCP -32649, 28, creek on road MT-338, -ca -. -33 km -N of Tapurah, Tapurah, -12°29’46”S -56°40’43”W -. -MCP -32650, 9, creek -ca -. -20 km -NW of São José do Rio Claro, on road to Nova Maringá, São José do Rio Claro, -13°20’29”S -56°51’07”W -. -MCP -32651, 6 (3 measured), creek on road MT-010, from Diamantino to São José do Rio Claro, -96 km -NW of Diamantino, São José do Rio Claro, -13°37’05”S -56°34’27”W -. -MCP -32652, 6, ribeirão Macuco on road BR-163, -ca -. -74 km -N of Sinop, Sinop, -11°17’35”S -55°19’10”W -. -MCP -32653, 1, rio Roquete on road BR-163 -ca -. -45 km -N of Sinop, Sinop, -11°32’20”S -55°23’35”W -. -MCP -32654, 16, creek on road MT-338, -ca -. -89 km -N of Tapurah, Tapurah, -12°01’49”S -56°33’59”W -. -MCP -32655, 2, creek on road from road MT-010 to Nova Mutum, -ca -. -11 km -W from ferry crossing rio Arinos, São José do Rio Claro, -13°37’23”S -56°29’18”W -. -MCP -32656, 2, creek -ca -. -22 km -NW of São José do Rio Claro, on road to Nova Maringá, São José do Rio Claro, -13°19’24”S -56°51’22”W -. -MCP -32657, 1, creek on road MT- - - - -FIGURE -43 | - -Geographic distribution of - -Rhinotocinclus -species - -of the - -R. chromodontus - -group in southern Amazon. - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -(red dots); - -R. chromodontus - -(blue dots); - -R. dinizae - -(cyan dots); - -R. jumaorum - -(yellow dots). -T -= Type-locality. - - -338, -ca -. -46 km -N of Tapurah, Tapurah, -12°23’14”S -56°41’54”W -. -MCP -32658, 1, creek on road MT-338, -ca -. -131 km -N of Tapurah, Simione, -11°47’40”S -56°44’09”W -. -MCP -32659, 4, creek on farm Esplanada Arinos, on road from road MT-010 and ferry to Nova Mutum, São José do Rio Claro, -13°36’31”S -56°32’10”W -. -MCP -32660, 134 (3 measured), igarapé Ribeirão Preto, on road MT-338, -ca -. -26 km -ESE of Porto dos Gaúchos, Porto dos Gaúchos, -11°39’27”S -57°12’07”W -. -MCP -32674, 1, creek tributary to rio Caibi on road MT-140 from Santa Carmen to Vera, Vera, -12°10’40”S -55°20’23”W -. -MCP -32675, 62 + 5 cs, rio Celeste -ca -. -9 km -W of Nova Ubiratã, on road to Sorriso, Nova Ubiratã, -13°03’08”S -55°21’13”W -. -MCP -32677, 5 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Celeste -ca -. -47 km -NW of Nova Ubiratã on road to Sorriso, Sorriso, -12°45’47”S -55°31’05”W -. -MCP -32678, 19 + 2 cs, córrego Maria (or Quinze), on road BR-163 -ca -. -23 km -N of Sinop, Sinop, -11°43’16”S -55°27’33”W -. -MCP -35871, 1, córrego Água Quente, on road from Sapezal to rio Papagaio, Sapezal, -13°32’25”S -58°43’32”W -. -MCP -44413, 16, creek on road MT-235 from Nova Mutum to Santa Rita do Trivelato, Nova Mutum, -13°48’55”S -56°02’39”W -. -MCP -44419, 2, córrego Conguinha on road MT-235, from Nova Mutum to Santa Rita do Trivelato, Nova Mutum, -13°47’44”S -55°53’25”W -. -MCP -44447, 10, rio Criquiri, -ca -. -8 km -from Nova Mutum, Nova Mutum, -13°48’11”S -56°09’23”W -. -MCP -44473, 2, rio dos Patos on road MT-235 from Nova Mutum to Santa Rita do Trivelato, Nova Mutum, -13°48’00”S -56°01’36”W -. -MZUEL -7882, 18, córrego Água Quente, tributary to rio Papagaio, rio Juruena basin, Sapezal, -13°32’25.5”S -58°43’34.8”W -. -MZUEL -9067, 7, córrego -Santa Cruz -, tributary to rio Papagaio, rio Juruena basin, Brasnorte, -12°48’21.7”S -58°09’21.5”W -. -MZUEL -9068, 10, rio do Calor, tributary to rio Papagaio, rio Juruena basin, Sapezal, -13°02’57.1”S -58°39’15.7”W -. -MZUEL -9070, 3, tributary to rio Norato (or Honorato), itself a tributary to rio do Sangue, rio Juruena basin, -ca -. -7 km -S of Brasnorte, -12°11’12.9”S -57°59’33.3”W -. -MZUEL -9073, 3, tributary to rio Juruena at km 363 of road MT-170, Juína, -11°31’35.0”S -58°24’29.3”W -. -MZUSP -61115, 5, rio Criquiri, tributary to rio dos Patos, Nova Mutum, approx. -13°51’S -56°11’W -. - - - -Rhinotocinclus acuen -(Silva, Roxo & Oliveira, 2014) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 44; Tab. 9) - - -Hisonotus acuen -Silva, Roxo & Oliveira, 2014:107 - -(Type-locality: -Brazil -, -Mato Grosso State -, municipality of Querência, affluent of rio Toguro, rio Xingu basin, -13°00’26”S -52°11’27”W -. -Holotype -: -MZUSP -115350). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -is distinguished from congeners, except - -R. chromodontus - -, - -R. jumaorum - -, and - -R. dinizae - -, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; -vs. -light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except - -R. chromodontus - -, - -R. dinizae - -, - -R. hera - -, and - -R. jumaorum - -, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( -vs. -adipose fin or platelets present). - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -is distinguished from - -R. chromodontus - -by having oral teeth light ochre (Fig. 5B; -vs. -teeth reddish brown), caudal fin with a dark blotch at the base and two irregular dark bands ( -vs. -caudal fin mostly brown, with - - - -TABLE -9 | - -Descriptive morphometrics of - -Rhinotocinclus -species. - -Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the -holotype -(Hol), SD = standard deviation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -R. chromodontus - -n = 11 - - -R. acuen - -n = 11 - - -R. jumaorum - -n = 14 - - -R. dinizae - -n = 4 -
Character
HolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)26.223.332.226.925.822.327.425.226.324.431.027.017.820.019.0
-Percent of SL -
Body depth17.917.018.917.90.6119.716.619.717.71.0015.214.717.916.10.9615.816.816.40.47
Predosal distance47.347.051.448.61.3250.147.550.148.80.7848.147.850.949.11.1146.949.548.51.13
Prepelvic distance41.640.945.343.21.5944.142.946.544.11.0844.342.045.243.90.8244.946.645.70.82
Preanal distance61.861.866.464.21.3563.862.465.263.81.1265.762.765.764.10.8763.665.564.30.84
Preadipose distance-------------------
Dorsal-fin spine length22.118.523.220.81.6020.020.022.821.30.9421.720.423.921.80.8722.825.524.11.28
Anal-fin unbranched ray length16.013.517.015.10.9715.415.017.416.30.8316.515.318.216.80.6718.519.519.00.44
Adipose-fin spine length-------------------
Pectoral-fin spine length26.826.729.527.80.8824.923.126.924.70.9825.123.326.724.81.0128.130.029.10.83
Caudal peduncle depth9.58.99.89.40.279.78.510.59.50.548.68.49.58.90.348.99.59.10.27
Dorsal-adipose fin distance-------------------
Dorsal-fin base length-10.614.212.41.03-11.613.512.60.5910.89.611.110.40.3911.012.812.00.88
Lower caudal-fin principal ray27.223.228.425.11.85-22.727.325.71.34-22.828.425.41.9327.129.728.11.14
Cleithral width25.224.927.926.51.0324.121.724.122.90.7124.422.424.923.80.7522.523.823.00.56
Head length36.336.238.537.10.7440.037.040.038.60.8936.836.439.737.81.1840.041.841.00.75
-Percent of HL -
Head depth45.440.850.146.82.8845.141.245.142.81.2741.338.543.641.21.7037.842.439.72.11
Interorbital distance37.133.937.436.11.0535.234.938.736.01.0935.632.137.935.11.9833.836.235.01.08
Orbital horizontal diameter13.111.513.712.80.6314.013.015.513.90.7314.012.815.013.90.6712.914.813.80.78
Snout length55.453.457.455.21.2353.053.056.155.01.1657.755.559.857.41.1252.954.353.70.62
Internarial distance8.86.213.18.82.199.88.29.99.20.5411.69.913.711.50.967.311.310.11.88
-Tooth count -
Premaxilla2926.040.031.65.0122172220.11.702820.033.027.43.6716.017.016.30.50
Dentary2521.034.026.83.7418141916.51.752518.028.023.33.0212.014.013.30.96
- - - - - -FIGURE -44 | - - -Rhinotocinclus acuen -, MCP - - -40543, -27.4 mm - - -SL, female, córrego Trinta, tributary to rio Suaizinho on road BR-153 between Alô -Brasil -and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -. - - -two hyaline spot on upper and lower lobes), the dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines with 2–3 dark dots ( -vs. -spines homogeneously dusky), narrower body (cleithral width 21.7– 24.1% -vs. -24.9–27.9% SL and 57.6–62.7% -vs. -67.7–76.2% HL), and fewer teeth (17–22 premaxillary, 14–19 dentary; -vs. -26–40 and 21–34, respectively). It is distinguished from - -R. jumaorum - -by having teeth light ochre ( -vs. -teeth brown), and by the relative proportion of caudal peduncle depth and body width (caudal peduncle depth 39.2–45.0% -vs. -35.4– 39.0% cleithral width). - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -is distinguished from - -R. dinizae - -by having shorter fins (dorsal-fin spine 20.0–22.8% -vs. -22.8–25.5% SL, anal-fin unbranched ray 15.0–17.4% -vs. -18.5–19.5% SL, and pectoral-fin spine 23.1–26.9% -vs. -28.1–30.0% SL), and a shorter head (head length 37.0–40.0% -vs. -40.0–41.8% SL). - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -occurs in the tributaries of the upper rio Xingu in the state of -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -(Fig. 43). - - - - -Remarks. - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -was also described as a member of - -Hisonotus - -, and accordingly compared to other species of the later genus (Silva -et al -., 2014). Interestingly, in the diagnosis of the new species the authors begin saying “ - -Hisonotus acuen - -differs from all congeners except - -H. bockmanni - -, - -H. chromodontus - -, - -H. insperatus - -, - -H. luteofrenatus - -, - -H. oliveirai - -, and - -H. paresi - -by having a functional V-shaped spinelet”. Both - -H. bockmanni - -and - -H. chromodontus - -are herein being tranferred to - -Rhinotocinclus - -and the remaining species have already been transferred to - -Curculionichthys - -, the functional V-shaped spinelet indeed diagnosing - -R. acuen - -and, in fact, all - -Rhinotocinclus - -and - -Curculionichthys -species - -, from - -Hisonotus -. - -Extintion risk of - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -is currently not assessed. - - - - -Material examined -. - -Rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso State, -Brazil -: - -MZUSP -115350, -holotype -(measured), creek tributary to rio Toguro, Querência, -13°00’26”S -52°11’27”W -. -MCP -40543, 22 (5 measured), -AUM -73894, 10, -INPA -59665, 10, -ROM -111486, 10, córrego Trinta, tributary to rio Suaizinho on road BR-153 between Alô Brasil and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -12°14’54”S -51°42’45”W -. -MCP -32671, 2, creek tributary to rio Azul on road MT- 140, Santa Carmen, -11°59’55”S -55°16’39”W -. -MCP -32672, 5, rio Ferro on road from Novo -Mato Grosso -to Nova Ubiratã, -ca -. -25 km -SW of Novo -Mato Grosso -, Nova Ubiratã, -13°03’32”S -55°02’12”W -. -MCP -32673, 10 (3 measured) + 2 cs, creek tributary to rio da Saudade on road MT- 423, -ca -. -38 km -SE of Marcelândia, Analândia do Norte, -11°13’23”S -54°17’24”W -. -MCP -32679, 2, córrego Tatu on road MT-423, -14 km -W of Cláudia, Cláudia, -11°28’36”S -54°58’47”W -. -MCP -32680, 1, córrego Saudade on road from Santa Helena to Marcelândia, -66 km -SE of road BR-163, Marcelândia, -11°07’07”S -54°40’15”W -. -MCP -32681, 3, ribeirão Camparina on road MT-320 from Santa Helena to Marcelândia, -79 km -SE of road BR-163, Marcelândia, -11°06’27”S -54°33’03”W -. -MCP -32682, 9, rio Azul on road MT-140, -ca -. -7 km -NNW of Santa Carmen, Santa Carmen, -11°54’42”S -55°17’48”W -. -MCP -32683, 3, creek on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê, -ca -. -10 km -W of Iberê, Nova Ubiratã, -12°45’19”S -54°34’25”W -. -MCP -32684, 7 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Tartaruga on road from Vera to Feliz, Vera, -12°15’55”S -55°15’37”W -. -MCP -32685, 3, rio Azul on road MT-423, -16 km -w of Cláudia, Cláudia, -11°28’20”S -54°59’40”W -. -MCP -32686, 6, rio Tartaruga on road MT-423 -ca -. -20 km -E of Vera, Cláudia, -11°30’36”S -54°42’43”W -. -MCP -32687, 16, creek on road from Novo -Mato Grosso -to Nova Ubiratã, -7 km -SW of Novo -Mato Grosso -, Nova Ubiratã, -12°57’10”S -54°54’46”W -. -MCP -32688, 3, rio Tartaruga at Nova Ubiratã, Nova Ubiratã, -13°02’03”S -55°16’07”W -. -MCP -32689, 1, creek on road MT-320 from Santa Helena to Marcelândia, -73 km -SE of road BR-163, Marcelândia, -11°07’39”S -54°36’52”W -. -MCP -32690, 6, rio da Saudade on road MT-423, -31 km -SE of Marcelândia, Marcelândia, -11°11’11”S -54°19’27”W -. -MCP -32691, 2, creek on road MT-423, -22 km -SE of Marcelândia, Marcelândia, -11°12’21”S -54°23’19”W -. -MCP -32692, 4, creek tributary to rio Tartaruga on road from Novo -Mato Grosso -to Nova Ubiratã, -ca -. -44 km -WSW of Novo -Mato Grosso -, Nova Ubiratã, -13°02’43”S -55°12’21”W -. -MCP -32693, 2, rio Von der Steinen (or Atelchu) on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê, -ca -. -28 km -W of Iberê, Nova Ubiratã, -12°47’05”S -54°40’49”W -. -MCP -32694, 6, creek tributary to rio Manissamá-Miçu on road MT-423 -ca -. -11.6 km -SE of Marcelândia, Marcelândia, -11°09’46”S -54°27’01”W -. -MCP -32695, 2, rio Tartaruga on road from Vera to Feliz Natal, -20 km -NE of Vera, Vera, -12°14’21”S -55°07’11”W -. -MCP -32696, 4, creek -ca -. -2 km -N of Novo -Mato Grosso -, Nova Ubiratã, -12°53’49”S -54°50’54”W -. -MCP -40283, 45, -MHNG -2787.080, 10, rio Traíras -ca -. -3 km -W of Posto da Mata on road -BR -242, Posto da Mata, -11°42’40”S -51°39’18”W -. -MCP -40299, 12, córrego da Caaporã, tributary to córrego Três Marias, rio Suiazinho on road BR-158, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -12°32’10”S -51°46’45”W -. -MCP -40365, 16 (2 measured), creek N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -12°35’50”S -51°46’55”W -. -MCP -40402, 23, creek tribuatry to rio Suiazinho on road BR-158, -ca -. -1 km -N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -12°29’21”S -51°46’06”W -. -MCP -40720, 10, creek tributary to rio Suiazinho on road - - - - -FIGURE -45 | - - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum -, MCP - - -54758, 27.0 mm SL, male, rio Juma on vicinal road -ca -. -6 km -from Transamazon road (BR-230), Apuí, Amazonas, -Brazil -. - - -BR -158, -ca -. -1 km -N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -12°29’21”S -51°46’06”W -. -MCP -40732, 18, córrego Trinta, tributary to rio Suaizinho on road BR-153 between Alô -Brasil -and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -12°14’54”S -51°42’45”W -. -MCP -40790, 5, creek N of Ribeirão Cascalheira, Ribeirão Cascalheira, -12°35’50”S -51°46’55”W -. -MCP -40814, 5, rio Traíras -ca -. -3 km -W of Posto da Mata on road BR-242, Posto da Mata, -11°42’40”S -51°39’18”W -. - - - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum -(Dias, Silva, Oliveira & Roxo, 2018) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 45; Tab. 9) - - -Hisonotus jumaorum -Dias, Silva, Oliveira & Roxo, 2018:578 - -(Type-locality: -Brazil -, Amazonas state, municipality of Apuí, rio Juma, tributary of rio Aripuanã, rio Madeira basin, -07°12’43.7”S -59°55’19.6”W -. -Holotype -: -MZUSP -123835). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum - -is distinguished from congeners, except - -R. acuen - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, and - -R. dinizae - -, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; -vs. -light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except - -R. acuen - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, - -R. dinizae - -, and - -R. hera - -, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( -vs. -adipose fin or platelets present). - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum - -is distinguished from - -R. acuen - -by having oral teeth brown ( -vs. -light ochre), and by the relative proportion of caudal peduncle depth and body width (caudal peduncle depth 35.4–39.0% -vs. -39.2–45.0% cleithral width). It is distinguished from - -R. chromodontus - -by having the caudal fin with a dark blotch at the base and two irregular dark bands ( -vs. -caudal fin mostly brown, with two hyaline spot on upper and lower lobes), the dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines with 2–3 dark dots ( -vs. -spines homogeneously dusky), a shorter pectoral-fin spine (23.3–26.7% -vs. -26.7–29.5% SL and 60.8–68.9% -vs. -71.4–78.4% HL), and narrower body (cleithral width 22.4–24.9% -vs. -24.9–27.9% SL and 59.4–67.2% -vs. -67.7–76.2% HL). - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum - -is distinguished from - -R. dinizae - -by having teeth with brown cusps ( -vs. -cusps light ochre); a shorter pectoral-fin spine (23.3–26.7% -vs. -28.1–30.0% SL); a shorter head (36.4–39.7% -vs. -40.0–41.8% SL); and more numerous teeth (20–33 premaxillary -vs. -16–19, and 18–28 dentary -vs. -12–15). - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum - -occurs in the rio Juma, a small tributary to the rio Aripuanã and the rio Acari, a tributary to the rio Canumã, rio Madeira basin, in state of Amazonas, -Brazil -(Fig. 43). - - - - -Remarks. - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum - -was also described as a member of - -Hisonotus - -by Dias -et al -. (2018), disregarding the study of Calegari -et al -. (2017) which redefined - -Hisonotus - -and restricted its distribution to the La Plata basin and coastal rivers from -Uruguay -to -Espirito Santo State -, -Brazil -. For this reason, and based on the fact that - -Hisonotus jumaorum - -shares some diagnostic features of - -Curculionichthys - -and is distributed in Amazon tributaries running on the Brazilian Shield, Calegari -et al -. (2018) reallocated the species as - -Curculionichthys jumaorum - -. Roxo -et al -. (2019), however, transfered the species back to - -Hisonotus - -. Extintion risk of - -Rhinotocinclus jumaorum - -is currently not assessed. - - - - - -Material examined. Rio Madeira basin, Apuí, Amazonas State, -Brazil -: - -MZUSP -123835, -holotype -(measured), rio Juma, tributary to rio Aripuanã on Transamazon road (BR-230) between vila do 180 and Apuí, -07°12’43”S -59°55’18”W -. -MZUSP -122325, 26 (4 measured), rio dos Pombos on vicinal road dos Pombos, rio Juma basin, -07°10’59.45”S -60°01’50.88”W -. -MZUSP -122389, 9, -MCP -54758, 8 (3 measured) + 2 cs, rio Juma on vicinal road -ca -. -6 km -from Transamazon road (BR-230), -07°16’45”S -59°57’03”W -. -MZUSP -122482, 12 (3 measured), creek 2, on vicinal road Dom Pedro, rio Acari basin, -06°50’22.34”S -59°42’26.89”W -. -MZUSP -122505, 1 (measured), creek 1, tributary to rio Coruja on vicinal road Coruja, rio Juma basin, -07°16’39.61”S -59°51’28.76”W -. -MZUSP -122639, 1 (measured), igarapé Andorinha, tributary to rio Acari on vicinal road Três Estados, -07°06’31.87”S -59°35’52.62”W -. -MZUSP -122687, 1 (measured), creek on South branch of Transamazon road (BR-230), -35 km -S of Apuí, rio Acari basin, -07°26’21.59”S -59°50’53.81”W -. -MZUSP -122369, 1, igarapé do Mutum on vicinal road Brasília at Fazenda Nova Esperança, -ca -. -5 km -from Transamazon road (BR-230), -07°14’57”S -59°58’41”W -. -MZUSP -122975, 4, rio Juma on Transamazon road (BR-230), -07°12’43.49”S -59°55’18.78”W -. - - - - -FIGURE -46 | - - -Rhinotocinclus dinizae -, LBP - - -4932, -19.5 mm -SL, -paratype -, córrego Correntes, rio Araguaia basin, Barra do Garças, -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -. - - - - - -Rhinotocinclus dinizae -(Ribeiro-Silva, Silva, Venere, Silva & Roxo, 2020) - -, -new combination - -(Fig. 46; Tab. 9) - - -Hisonotus dinizae -Ribeiro-Silva, Silva, Venere, Silva & Roxo, 2020:554 - -(Type-locality: -Brazil -, -Mato Grosso state -, municipality of Barra do Garças, córrego Grande, drainage of rio Pindaíba, rio Araguaia basin, --15.7417 --52.0936 -[ -15°44’30.12”S -52°05’36.96”W -]. -Holotype -: -MZUSP -125790). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus dinizae - -is distinguished from congeners, except - -R. acuen - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, and - -R. jumaorum - -, by having the dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7E; -vs. -dominant color pattern formed by dark bars separated and distinct, or dark bars wide and partially coalesced or closed together), and by having a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6C,D; -vs. -light mark absent, Y-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is also distinguished from congeners, except - -R. acuen - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, - -R. hera - -, and - -R. jumaorum - -, by lacking an adipose fin or platelets at the adipose-fin position ( -vs. -adipose fin or platelets present). - -Rhinotocinclus dinizae - -is further distinguished from - -R. hera - -by the smaller orbit (12.9–14.8% -vs. -15.1–17.3% HL, 38.1–43.0% -vs. -44.0–50.4% interorbital distance, and - - -23.8–28.0% -vs. -29.2–32.5% snout length), and from - -R. acuen - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, and - -R. jumaorum - -by the longer head (40.0–41.8% -vs. -37.0–40.0%, 36.2–38.5%, and 36.4–39.8% SL, respectively). - -Rhinotocinclus dinizae - -is further distinguished from - -R. acuen - -by having longer fins (dorsal-fin spine 22.8–25.5% -vs. -20.0–22.8% SL, anal-fin unbranched ray 18.5–19.5% -vs. -15.0–17.4% SL, and pectoral-fin spine 28.1–30.0% -vs. -23.1–26.9% SL). It is further distinguished from - -R. chromodontus - -and - -R. jumaorum - -by the fewer teeth (16–19 premaxillary, 12–15 dentary -vs. -26–40, 21–34, and 20–33, 18–28, respectively). - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus dinizae - -is known from two localities in the upper rio Araguaia near Barra do Garças, -Mato Grosso State -, -Brazil -(Fig. 43). - - - - -Remarks. -Another species originally described as - -Hisonotus - -, it was compared to congeners and diagosed as “ - -Hisonotus dinizae - -differs from all congeners, except - -H. acuen - -, - -H. bockmanni - -, - -H. chromodontus - -, - -H. jumaorum - -and - -H. vespuccii - -by having a V-shaped spinelet...”. Except for - -H. vespuccii - -, which is probably a member of - -Otothyropsis - -, all remaining species are now transferred to - -Rhinotocinclus - -and the functional V-shaped spinelet indeed diagnoses - -R. dinizae - -, as well as all - -Rhinotocinclus - -and - -Curculionichthys -species - -, from - -Hisonotus -. - -Extintion risk of - -Rhinotocinclus dinizae - -is currently not assessed. - - -The -holotype -and -MZUSP -paratypes -of - -Hisonous -dinizae - -have never been sent to -MZUSP -after the species original description and were unavailable for the present study, possibly having been lost. -Five paratypes -( -LBP -4932), however, were examined and compared to other - -Rhinotocinclus -species. - - - - - -Material examined. -LBP -4932, 4 + 1 cs paraypes (4 measured), córrego Correntes, rio Araguaia basin, Barra do Garças, -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -, -15°29’59”S -52°12’12”W -, -22 Mar 2007 -, P. C. Vênere & -V -. Garutti. - - - - -DISCUSSION - - -This study includes the description of a new genus and a taxonomic revision of its 23 species. Despite few phylogenetic analyses have included representatives of - -Rhinotocinclus - -, parts of this genus have already been recognized as a possible clade by previous authors (Reis, Lehmann, 2011; Lehmann, Reis, 2012; Reis -et al -., 2017; Dias -et al -., 2018; Gamarra -et al -., 2019; Roxo -et al -., 2019). Two phylogenetic studies containing species of this clade have so far included a limited number of its members. Notwithstanding, a clade containing representatives of all four species groups defined in the present study, including - -Curculionichthys hera - -(treated as - -Curculionichthys - -sp. n. -), - -Hisonotus acuen - -, - -H. bockmanni - -, - -H. chromodontus - -, and four species of Amazonian - -Parotocinclus - -, - -P. amazonensis - -, - -P. britskii - -, - -P. collinsae - -, and - -P. eppleyi - -has been recovered in a combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of the - -Hypoptopomatinae (Reis -et al. -, 2017) - -. Similarly, Roxo -et al. -(2019), in a genomic phylogenetic analysis of the loricariids using ultraconserved elements, found - -H. acuen - -, - -H. chromodontus - -, - -Parotocinclus aripuanensis - -(= - -P. britskii - -), and an undescribed - -Parotocinclus - -from the Amazon to cluster in a clade, which they termed “New Genus 2”. Despite few species having been included in both studies, members of the four species-groups were analyzed and clustered as a monophyletic group separated from - -Parotocinclus - -, supporting the need for a new genus name. There are currently different initiatives underway to resolve more in depth the phylogenetic relationships of the -Hypoptopomatinae -and the -Loricariidae -as a whole, and they include all or most species of - -Rhinotocinclus - -. - - -The Greater Amazon, or the Amazon, Orinoco and Guianan coastal basins, is home to few other groups of -Hypoptopomatinae -. The most conspicuous and typical of the region is the tribe -Hypoptopomatini -, a well supported clade composed of - -Acestridium - -, - -Hypoptopoma - -, - -Leptotocinclus - -, - -Nannoptopoma - -, - -Nannoxyropsis - -, - -Niobichthys - -, - -Otocinclus - -, and - -Oxyropsis -(Delapieve -et al -., 2017) - -. In addition to the -Hypoptopomatini -, members of a clade composed of - -Corumbataia - -and - -Curculionichthys - -are also found in Amazon tributaries draining the north and northwestern versants of the Brazilian Shield, in addition to the upper -Paraná -and São Francisco rivers. - -Rhinotocinclus - -is diagnosed from all these genera by having the canal cheek plate on the ventral surface of the head posteriorly elongated and contacting the cleithrum, compared to the canal cheek plate rounded or mesially elongated and not expanded backwards to contact the pectoral girdle. - -Rhinotocinclus - -is also distinguished from the Hypoptopmatini by having the preopercle exposed and bearing part of the mandibular branch of the laterosensory canal, as opposed to the preopercle not exposed at the surface and not bearing laterosensory canal. From - -Corumbataia - -, it is distinguished by the V-shaped dorsal-fin spinelet, which is rounded or absent in - -Corumbataia - -, and the much slender and delicate aspect of - -Rhinotocinclus -species - -compared to the robust aspect of - -Corumbataia -species. - -Finally, - -Rhinotocinclus - -is easily separated from - -Curculionichthys - -by the single rostral plate, opposed to the paired rostral plate of the later and less numerous lateral abdominal plates (2–5), compared to -5–8 in - -Curculionichthys - -. One exception to this last character are the members of the - -R. collinsae - -group, which may have up to eight lateral abdominal plates. - - -With the removal of - -Rhinotocinclus acuen - -, - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. chromodonus - -, - -R. dinizae - -, and - -R. jumaorum - -from - -Hisonotus - -, this later genus becomes absent from the Amazon basin. Remaining species currently assigned to - -Hisonotus - -from outside the lower La Plata basin and coastal drainages between -Uruguay -and -Espírito Santo State -of -Brazil -are most probably members of - -Otothyropsis - -. The only exception is - -H. bocaiuva - -from the rio Jequitaí, rio São Francisco basin in -Minas Gerais -, which possibly represents a lineage of - -Parotocinclus - -wihout an adipose fin. This hypothesis, as well as the validity of - -Otothyropsis - -as a separate clade from - -Hisonotus - -, will have to be tested by future phylogenetic analyses. - - - - - -Comparative material examined. -Argentina -. - - -Hisonotus maculipinnis - -: -MCP -48067, 2 cs, Laguna El Rey, Río Salado basin, -Santa Fé -. - -Bolivia -. - - -Otocinclus vestitus - -: -CBF -3945, 4 + 1 cs, small creek on right margin of Río Nareuda, -ca -. -5 km -of Río Tahuamano mouth, Río -Beni -basin, Nicolás Suarez, -Pando -. - -Brazil -. - - -Plesioptopoma curvidens - -: -MCP -36861, 8 + 2 cs -paratypes -, -MNRJ -21426, 3 +1 cs -paratypes -, rio Paraopeba at old bridge, -ca -. -100 m -downstream of road BR-040, Cristiano Otoni, -Minas Gerais -. - -Pseudotocinclus juquiae - -: -MCP -45129, 2 + 2 cs, creek on farm Estio, on road from Santa Rita to Juquitiba, ca -8 km -S of Santa Rita, Juquitiba, -São Paulo -. -LBP -1160, 5 + 1 cs [voucher 9664], rio Ribeira de Iguape at Fazenda Estio, Juquitiba, -São Paulo -. - -Pseudotocinclus parahybae - -: -MCP -45094, 2 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Ribeirão Grande on farm São Sebastião do Ribeirão Grande, Pindamonhangaba, -São Paulo -. -MZUSP -47581, 1 cs -paratype -, ribeirão Grande, near farm São Sebastião do Ribeirão Grande, Pindamonhangaba, -São Paulo -. - -Pseudotocinclus tietensis - -: -MCP -20090, 2 + 1 cs, riacho Paraitinguinha on road from Salesópolis to Jacareí, -ca -. -3 km - - -N of Salesópolis, Salesópolis, -São Paulo -. -MCP -20111, 9 + 2 cs, rio Taiaçupeba near to power station Tijuco Preto at Taiaçupeba, Mogi das Cruzes, -São Paulo -. - -Corumbataia canoeiro - -: -MCP -54366, 12 + 2 cs, creek tributary to rio das Almas, tributary to rio -Paranã -, Cavalcante, -Goiás -. - -Corumbataia cuestae - -: -LBP -1309, 47 + 3 cs, córrego da Jacutinga, tributary to Rio Tietê, Bofete, -São Paulo -. - -Corumbataia tocantinensis - -: -MCN -13462, 21 + 3 cs, córrego Moquém on road between Colinas do Sul and Cavalcante at Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Cavalcante, -Goiás -. - -Corumbataia veadeiros - -: -MCP -41477, 5 + 3 cs -paratypes -, creek on km 2 of road GO-241, tributary to rio Ribeirão dos Bois, Teresina de -Goiás -, -Goiás -. -MCP -54376, 8 + 2 cs, córrego do Elói on road GO-241 -ca -. -2 km -W of Teresina de -Goiás -, Teresina de -Goiás -, -Goiás -. - -Gymnotocinclus anosteos - -: -MCP -41726, 5 + 3 cs -paratypes -, ribeirão das Cobras, near road GO-327, Alto Paraiso de -Goiás -, -Goiás -. - -Curculionichthys coxipone - -: -MCP -49998, 8 + 1 cs, córrego Piraputanga on farm Piraputanga, Diamantino, -Mato Grosso -. - -Curculionichthys insperatus - -: -MCP -47070, 5 + 3 cs, ribeirão Tamanduá, tributary to rio Verde near São Domingos Hydroelectric Power Plant, Água Clara, -Mato Grosso do Sul -. - -Curculionichthys itaim - -: -MCP -51569, 18 + 1 cs, cachoeira of rio Itapacurú between Miritituba and Pimental, Itaituba, -Pará -. - -Curculionichthys luteofrenatus - -: -MCP -32665, 3 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Celeste -ca -. -47 km -NW of Nova Ubiratã, on road to Sorriso, Sorriso, -Mato Grosso -. -MCP -32670, 9 + 1 cs, igarapé Ribeirão Preto, on road MT-338, -ca -. -26 km -ESE of Porto dos Gaúchos, Porto dos Gaúchos, -Mato Grosso -. - -Curculionichthys sagarana - -: -MCP -47133, 13 + 1 cs, ribeirão Arrenegado on road BR-364 between Guarda-Mor and Bunti Grande, Guarda-Mor, -Minas Gerais -. - -Curculionichthys scaius - -: -MCP -53801, 16 + 3 cs -paratypes -, creek tributary to rio Aripuanã, Aripuanã, -Mato Grosso -. - -Otothyris lophophanes - -: DZSJRP 13069, 48 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Macaé, Macaé, -Rio de Janeiro -. - -Otothyris travassosi - -: -MCP -18105, 28 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Braço Norte, tributary to rio São Mateus, on road ES-130 near Boa Esperança, Boa Esperança, -Espírito Santo -. - -Pseudotothyris ignota - -: -MCP -20030, 5 + 1 cs -paratypes -, artificial ditches in Guaraguaçú by the road PR-407, -7 km -SE of rio da Vila, Paranaguá, -Paraná -. - -Pseudotothyris obtusa - -: -MCP -31728, 9 + 2 cs, creek tributary to rio Preto [or Branco] -ca -. -2 km -of State Airport, Itanhaém, -São Paulo -. - -Schizolecis guentheri - -: -MCP -31558, 100 + 3 cs, rio São Roque on road BR-101 near to Tarituba, Parati, -Rio de Janeiro -. - -Parotocinclus adamateus - -: -MCP -54151, 4 + 3 cs -paratypes -, ribeirão de Baixo near its mouth in rio São José, Lençóis, -Bahia -. -MCP -54160, 1 cs -paratype -, rio Garapa, tributary to rio São José‚ -ca -. -600m -upstreat from road from Lençóis to Andaraí, Andaraí, -Bahia -. - -Parotocinclus cabessadecuia - -: -MCP -54409, 40 +2 cs, rio Gurguéia, near to Macaco Village, São Gonçalo do Gurguéia, -Bahia -. - -Parotocinclus cesarpintoi - -: -MCP -30562, 9 +2 cs, rio Ipojuca near mouth of rio do Brejo, at Vila dos Pilões, Primavera, -Pernambuco -. - -Parotocinclus cristatus - -: -MCP -36813, 10 + 2 cs, creek tributary to rio da Fazenda, itself a tributary to rio Peruípe, Caravelas, -Bahia -. -MCP -18116, 31 + 2 cs, creek tributary to rio Almada in Duas Barras, on road from Coaraci to Almadina, Coaraci, -Bahia -. - -Parotocinclus doceanus - -: -MCP -18084, 14 + 4 cs, rio Mucuri in Mayrink, ca -16 km -W of Nanuque, 0, -5 km -upstram from bridge of road BR-418, Mayrink, -Minas Gerais -. - -Parotocinclus fluminense - -: -MCP -20077, 4 cs, rio do -Salto -, -ca -. -14 km -NW of Rio Dourado, tributary to rio Macaé, Macaé, -Rio de Janeiro -. - -Parotocinclus haraldoi - -: -MNRJ -11383, 15 + 3 cs, córrego do Otaviano, Poço do Sanharé, -Piauí -. - -Parotocinclus jequi - -: -MCP -44933, 11 + 1 cs, ribeirão Correntes in Mandaçaia, Leme do Prado, -Minas Gerais -. -MCP -49171, 5 + 2 cs, creek at Novo Peixe Cru, -Minas Gerais -. - -Parotocinclus jimi - -: -MCP -33329, 3 + 1 cs, rio Preto do Criciuma, tributary to rio de Contas between Jequi and Jitauna, Jequi, -Bahia -. - -Parotocinclus jumbo - -: -MCP -31107, 84 + 7 cs, rio Ipanema in Batalha, tributary to rio São Francisco, Batalha, -Alagoas -. - -Parotocinclus maculicauda - -: -MCP -17605, 3 + 2 cs, rio Cubatão near São Bonifácio, on road SC-431, vila Queçaba, Águas Mornas, -Santa Catarina -. - -Parotocinclus minutus - -: -MCP -40034, 8 + 2 cs, rio Vaza Barris, at APA Serra Branca, Raso da Catarina, - - -Jeremoabo, -Bahia -. - -Parotocinclus planicauda - -: -MCP -31317, 8 + 2 cs, córrego Limoeiro in Praça Oito, tributary to rio Doce, Itarana, -Espírito Santo -. - -Parotocinclus prata - -: -MCP -28322, 18 + 1 cs, córrego Altinas, -ca -. -10 km -from Presidente Olegário on road form Presidente Olegário to Galena, Presidente Olegário, -Minas Gerais -. - -Parotocinclus robustus - -: -MCP -16746, 7 + 1 cs -paratypes -, creek -45 km -S of Montes Claros on road BR-135 towards -Bocaiúva, Bocaiúva -, -Minas Gerais -. -MCP -36847, 9 + 2 cs -paratypes -, córrego Diamante on road between Buriti Grande and road BR-135, Francisco Dumont, -Minas Gerais -. - -Parotocinclus seridoensis - -: -MCP -31463, 18 + 2 cs, rio Piranhas on road BR- 230, between Pombal and Sousa, -ca -. -5 km -from Pombal, Pombal, -Paraíba -. - -Parotocinclus spilosoma - -: -MCP -39165, 425 + 4 cs, rio Salgado, tributary to rio Jaguaribe, Jardim, -Ceará -. -AUM -20581, 26 + 2 cs, rio Curu on road BR-222, São Luiz do Curu, -Ceará -. - -Chauliocheilos saxatilis - -: -MCP -49308, 11 + 1 cs, creek tributary to rio Itamarandiba in Retiro da Serra, Itamarandiba, -Minas Gerais -. - -Rhinolekos britskii - -: DZSJRP 6884, -2 paratypes -, rio Corumbá in Fazenda Arapuca, -ca -. -25 km -from road GO-020, Bela Vista de -Goiás -, -Goiás -. - -Rhinolekos capetinga - -: -UFRGS -9957, 12 + 2 cs, creek on road GO-118 between São João da Aliança and Planaltina de -Goiás -, Planaltina de -Goiás -, -Goiás -. - -Rhinolekos garavelloi - -: -MCP -47112, 19 + 1 cs, creek on Farm Lageado, near road GO-213, -Caldas -Novas, -Goiás -. - -Rhinolekos schaeferi - -: -MCP -44056, 10 + 2 cs -paratypes -, creek on farm Fernanda, Alexânia, -Goiás -. - -Microlepidogaster arachas - -: -MCP -28319, 16 + 3 cs -paratypes -, córrego Grande on road from Davinópolis to the rio Paranaíba ferry, -ca -. -1 km -of Davinópolis, Davinópolis, -Goiás -. -MCP -28333, 4 + 1 cs -paratypes -, creek on road from Ibi to Argenita, rio Quebra Anzol basin, Ibi, -Minas Gerais -. - -Microlepidogaster dimorpha - -: DZSJRP 10543, 17 + 1 cs -paratype -, riacho Grotão on road BR-262, farn Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, -Minas Gerais -. - -Microlepidogaster discontenta - -: -UFRGS -9877, 3 + 1 cs -paratype -, córrego Arrependido on road BR-251, Unaí, -Minas Gerais -. - -Microlepidogaster discus - -: DZSJRP 19493, 16 + 2 cs, creek on dust road from Itacambira to Botumirim, rio Jequitinhonha basin, Botumirim, -Minas Gerais -. - -Microlepidogaster longicolla - -: -MCP -23323, 13 + 5 cs -paratypes -, ribeirão Santana, tributary to rio São João on road from Cidade Ocidental to Brasília, Brasília, -Distrito Federal -. - -Microlepidogaster negomata - -: DZSJRP 21003, 1 cs -paratype -, ribeirão Bebedouro near road to Chaves, upstream of Arapuá, Arapuá, -Minas Gerais -. - -Microlepidogaster perforatus - -: -MCP -17717, 5 + 1 cs, rio Carandaí, tributary to rio Grande, upstream Carandaí, Carandaí, -Minas Gerais -. -ANSP -17471, 1 + 1 cs, rio Carandaí upstream Carandaí, -Minas Gerais -. - -Otothyropsis alicula - -: -MCP -23500, 10 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Santo Antonio, tributary to rio Sapucaí, itself a tributary to rio Grande, Delfim Moreira, -Minas Gerais -. -MNRJ -23957, 59 + 4 cs -paratype -, rio Santo Antônio at Água Limpa, near mouth of ribeirão -Salto -, Delfim Moreira, -Minas Gerais -. - -Otothyropsis biamnicus - -: -MCP -37164, 5 + 1 cs -paratypes -, rio dos Patos on road PR-427 between Lapa and Campo do Tenente, Lapa, -Paraná -. - -Otothyropsis marapoama - -: -MCP -42119, 1 cs, rio Boa Esperança, tributary to rio Jacaré Guaçu, Gavião Peixoto, -São Paulo -. -MCP -38303, 9 +1 cs -paratypes -, córrego Cubatão at Sítio Cubatão, Catanduva, -São Paulo -. - -Otothyropsis polyodon - -: -MCP -45756, 4 +1 cs -paratypes -, rio Verde at mouth of Ribeirão Tamanduá, Ribas do Rio Pardo, -Mato Grosso do Sul -. -MCP -47038, 8 + 1 cs -paratypes -, creek tributary to rio Verde on road from Mutum to São Domingos Hydropower Plant, Água Clara, -Mato Grosso do Sul -. - -Hisonotus aky - -: -MCP -41474, 37 + 3 cs, rio Forquilha at Balneário do Espraiado, on secondary road from Maximiliano de Almeida to Paim Filho, Paim Filho, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus alberti - -: -MCP -17019, 13 + 2 cs, rio Poções in São Sebastião dos Poções, -ca -. -11 km -S of Montalvânia, Montalvânia, -Minas Gerais -. - -Hisonotus armatus - -: -MCP -25458, 7 + 3 cs, arroio Corup on road between Agudo and Dona Francisca Hydropower Plant, Agudo, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus bocaiuva - -: -MCP -16740, 17 + 1 cs, creek -45 km -S of Montes Claros on road BR-135 towards -Bocaiúva, Bocaiúva -, -Minas Gerais -. - -Hisonotus brunneus - -: -MCP -22701, 27 + 3 cs -paratypes -, rio Passo Novo at exit from Cruz Alta tu - - -Ibirubá, Cruz Alta, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus carreiro - -: -MCP -40945, 3 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Carreiro downstream of Balneário -Carreiro, Serafina Corrêa -, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus charrua - -: -MCP -27539, 4 + 2 cs, arroio do Tigre on road from/Ijucapirama to road BR-453, -ca -. -2.5 km -NE of road BR-453, Jaguari, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus depressicauda - -: -MZUSP -103693, 4 + 1 cs, rio Grande on dust road between Araçauva and Campo Grande, -Santo André -, -São Paulo -. - -Hisonotus francirochai - -: -MCP -34630, 1 + 1 cs, córrego José Mendes, tributary to rio São João, Fortaleza de Minas, -Minas Gerais -. - -Hisonotus heterogaster - -: -MCP -41073, 5 + 2 cs -paratypes -, arroio Felício on road from Nova Palma to Júlio de Castilhos, Júlio de Castilhos, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus iota - -: -MCP -40029, 18 + 3 cs -paratypes -, rio Chapecó near vila São Miguel, Coronel Freitas, -Santa Catarina -. - -Hisonotus laevior - -: -MCP -37684, 58 + 4 cs, arroio Arambaré, -ca -. -5 km -S of Vila Basílio, on road to Pedro Osório, Pedro Osório, -Rio Grande do Sul -. -MCP -11521, 2 cs, rio Jacuí, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus leucofrenatus - -: -MCP -11540, 60 + 3 cs, rio Cubatão, near road BR-101, Joinville, -Santa Catarina -. - -Hisonotus leucophrys - -: -MCP -41354, 3 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Ariranhas on road SC-466, Xavantina, -Santa Catarina -. - -Hisonotus megaloplax - -: -MCP -31779, 9 + 3 cs -paratypes -, rio Passo Fundo downstream form Corsan Dam, Passo Fundo, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus montanus - -: -MCP -41459, 16 + 3 cs -paratypes -, rio Rufino on road SC-427 at town Ro Rufino, Rio Rufino, -Santa Catarina -. - -Hisonotus nigricauda - -: -MCP -40761, 11 + 3 cs, arroio Banhado Grande on road BR-153 from Bagé to Caçapava do Sul, Bagé, -Rio Grande do Sul -. -MCP -26865, 89 + 3 cs, arroio do Salso on road -BR -158, tributary to rio Ibicuí da Armada, Rosário do Sul, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus notatus - -: -MNRJ -38147, 40 + 1 cs, rio Maratuá, São Gonçalo, -Rio de Janeiro -. -MNRJ -13552, 24 + 3cs, rio São João at bridge downstream from mouth of rio Panelas, Silva Jardim, -Rio de Janeiro -. - -Hisonotus notopagos - -: -MCP -25924, 1 + 2 cs -paratypes -, arroio da Mantiqueira, Lavras do Sul, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus pachysarkos - -: -NUP -5569, 26 + 4 cs -paratypes -, rio Barra Grande, Prudentópolis, -Paraná -. - -Hisonotus prata - -: -MCP -22204, 9 + 3 cs -paratypes -, rio da Prata at Passo do Despraiado, between Guabiju and André da -Rocha -, Guabiju, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus ringueleti - -: -MCP -11215, 128 + 4 cs, arroio Quaraí-Mirim on road from Quaraí to Alegrete, Quaraí, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus taimensis - -: -MCP -17417, 29 + 3 cs, new channel of arroio Taim, Taim Ecological Station, Rio Grande, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus thayeri - -: -MCP -44806, 65 + 2 cs, arroio Santo Antonio towards Menino Jesus, tributary to rio Itapemirim, Muniz Freire, -Espírito Santo -. - -Hisonotus vespuccii - -: -MCP -17153, 113 + 2 cs, creek in São João das Missões, on road between Itacarambi and Manga, Manga, -Minas Gerais -. - -Hisonotus vireo - -: -MCP -14619, 4 + 3 cs, rio dos Sinos, -ca -. -5 km -upstream Caraá, Caraá, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Hisonotus yasi - -: -NUP -790, 2 cs, Caxias hydroelectric reservoir, Capitão Leônidas Marques, -Paraná -. - -Lampiella gibbosa - -: -MCP -31588, 1 + 1 cs, rio Bonito, tributary to rio Pardo, Rio Bonito, Barra do Turvo, -São Paulo -. - -Eurycheilichthys apocremnus - -: -MCP -25678, 10 + 2 cs -paratypes -, creek -ca -. -7 km -N of Barros Cassal, tributary to rio Fão, Barros Cassal, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Eurycheilichthys castaneus - -: -MCP -22134, 13 + 2 cs -paratypes -, arroio Burro Preto on road RS-324, between Passo Fundo and Marau, Marau, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Eurycheilichthys coryphaenus - -: -MCP -40667, 1 cs -paratype -, creek tributary to rio Tainhas, -ca -. -4 km -N of Tainhas, Tainhas, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Eurycheilichthys limulus - -: -MCP -13086, 46 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Jacuí on road RS-324, between Marau and Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Eurycheilichthys luisae - -: -MCP -25566, 17 + 2 cs -paratypes -, arroio Jabuticaba near mouth at Jaboticaba, tributary to rio das Antas, Veranópolis, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Eurycheilichthys pantherinus - -: -MCP -22373, 29 + 2 cs, rio Silveira in Silveira, at exit to Bom Jardim da Serra, São José dos Ausentes, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Eurycheilichthys paucidens - -: -MCP -22800, 6 + 2 cs -paratypes -, arroio Tavoquá, near Farm Cambará, Muitos Capões, -Rio Grande do Sul -. - -Eurycheilichthys planus - -: -MCP -22261, 41 + 2 cs -paratypes -, arroio Água Branca in Água Branca, -ca -. - - -20 km -N of Nova -Prata, Guabijú -, Rio Grande do Sul. - -Eurycheilichthys vacariensis - -: -MCP -22782, 17 + 2 cs -paratypes -, arroio Espeto [or rio dos Soares], on road from Muitos Capões to Vacaria, Muitos Capões, Rio Grande do Sul. - -Epactionotus bilineatus - -: -MCP -29116, 25 + 3 cs, arroio Forqueta, tributary to rio Maquiné, Barra do Ouro, Maquiné, Rio Grande do Sul. -UFRGS -4491, 18 + 2 cs, rio Maquiné and arroio do Ouro, between Maquiné and Barra do Ouro, Maquiné, Rio Grande do Sul. - -Epactionotus gracilis - -: -MCP -11615, 15 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Jordão, Jordão Alto, rio Ararangua basin, Nova Veneza, Santa Catarina. - -Epactionotus itaimbezinho - -: -MCP -14708, 12 + 3 cs -paratypes -, rio Canoas -ca -. -8 km -of Praia Grande towards Mãe dos Homens, rio Mampituba basin, Praia Grande, Santa Catarina. - -Epactionotus advenus - -: -MCP -54449, 4 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Rachadel and Small tributary creeks, rio Biguaçu basin, Antonio Carlos, Santa Catarina. - -Otocinclus flexilis - -: -MCP -17414, 11 + 2 cs, arroio Itaeté, Passo das Pedras, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul. - -Otocinclus mura - -: -MCP -22550, 17 + 2 cs, igarapé Urucure on road from Tomé Açu to Moju, -ca -. -49 km -W of Tomé Açu, Tomé Açu, Pará. - -Otocinclus xakriaba - -: -MCP -16879, 21 + 4 cs, rio Peru-Açu at Fabião, Januária, Minas Gerais. -MCP -23506, 3 + 1 cs, rio Paraopeba dowstream Igarape Power Plant, Juatuba, Minas Gerais. - -Acestridium discus - -: -MZUSP -85321, 2 cs, igarapé do Manu, Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas. -MZUSP -74275, 2 cs, igarapé Jaradá, tributary to rio Cuieiras, -ca -. -40 km -from mouth, Manaus, Amazonas. - -Acestridium scutatum - -: -MCP -37785, 10 + 2 cs -paratypes -, rio Traíra -ca -. -35 km -E of rio Madeira on the Transamazon Road, Humaitá, Amazonas. - -Acestridium triplax - -: -MPEG -12614, 7 + 1 cs, Juruti, Pará. - -Nannoxyropsis acicula - -: -MCP -51462, 7 + 3 cs -paratypes -, rio Tapajós at Mamãe Anã Village, Jacareacanga, Pará. - -Leptotocinclus ctenistus - -: -MCP -51457, 2 + 2 cs -paratypes -, igarapé São Sebastião, tributary to igarapé do Baré, lago Amanã basin, Maraã, Amazonas. - -Leptotocinclus madeirae - -: -MCP -35888, 3 + 2 cs -paratypes -, igarapé do Vinte e Dois, Recanto do Sanari, -ca -. -20 km -W of Humaitá, Humaitá, Amazonas. -UFRO-I -15681, 11 + 1 cs -paratypes -, rio Realidade on road BR-319, at Realidade Village, -ca -. -100 km -N of Humaitá, Amazonas. - -Oxyropsis carinata - -: -MCP -30632, 1 cs, rio Solimões, lago Capivara at Costa das Capivaras, Tefé, Amazonas. - -Nannoptopoma sternoptychum - -: -MCP -46940, 5 + 1 cs, rio Solimões, south margin of ilha Panamim, Tefé, Amazonas. - -Hypoptopoma elongatum - -: -MPEG -27055, 3 + 1 cs, Vila Penedo, Jacareacanga, Pará. - -Hypoptopoma gulare - -: -MCP -25489, 4 + 1 cs, rio Peritoró at Peritoró, Peritoró, Maranhão. - -Hypoptopoma inexspectatum - -: -MCP -15744, 22 + 2 cs, rio Paraguai at Cáceres and neighborhoods, Cáceres, Mato Grosso. - -Hypoptopoma thoracatum - -: -MCP -35872, 122 + 3 cs, igarapé Mapinguari on road BR-364, Bujari, Acre. - -Colombia -. - - -Leptotocinclus ctenistus - -: -MCP -51461, 2 + 2 cs -paratypes -, Quebrada Tacana, tributary to Río Amazonas, km 6.5 of road from Letícia to Tarapacá, Leticia, Amazonas. - -Guyana -. - - -Oxyropsis ephippia - -: -MCP -49017, 1 + 1 cs -paratypes -, Essequibo River, approx. 3h upstream of Kurupukari basecamp, -Potaro-Siparuni -. - -Paraguay -. - - -Otothyropsis dialeukos - -: -MCP -49901, 5 + 1 cs -paratypes -, Arroyo Itá, -ca -. -30 m -upstream bridge at Paso Itá, Hernandarias, -Alto Parana -. - -Otothyropsis piribebuy - -: -MCP -44394, 22 + 3 cs -paratypes -, Arroyo -Piribebuy, Eusebio Ayala -, -Cordillera -. - -Peru -. - - -Hypoptopoma incognitum - -: -MCP -46393, 2 + 1 cs, Cocha Soledad at lodge Soledad in Río Las Piedras, Río -Madre de Dios -drainage, -Madre de Dios -. - -Nannoptopoma spectabile - -: -MCP -41467, 2 + 1 cs, upper Río Tapiche, Sierra del Divisor Reserve, Requena, -Loreto -. - -Otocinclus cocama - -: -MCP -34842, 9 + 2 cs -paratypes -, Quebrada Yanayacu, tributary to Cocha Supay, Jenaro Herrera, -Loreto -. - -Oxyropsis carinata - -: -MCP -26208, 12 + 1 cs, Caño Yarina at second security station ( -INRENA -), tributary to Río Pacaya, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Maynas, -Loreto -. - -Oxyropsis wrightiana - -: -MCP -34503, 24 + 3 cs, Río Pacaya, Lago Tamara, -Loreto -. - -Uruguay -. - - -Otothyris rostrata - -: -MCP -36786, 3 + 1 cs, creek tributary to Río Cebollati, -Maldonado -. - -Venezuela -. - - -Acestridium martini - -: -MCP -35015, 4 + 1 cs, Río Sipapo, Pendare, -Amazonas -. - -Niobichthys ferrarisi - -: -MCP -34810, 3 + 1 cs, Río Baria, -ca -. -200 m -upstream basecamp La Neblina, -Amazonas -. - - -ACKNOWLEDGMENTS - - -The studies to write this paper were developed during the last two decades and we are grateful to many colleagues and institutions. We are thankful to Carlos and Margarete Lucena for their continued help and support at -MCP -, and to Edson Pereira and Barbara Calegari for many years of fieldwork collecting cascudinhos and discussing their systematics. For donating or sending specimens on loan, or providing information on specimens or localities, we are much indebted to following colleagues and institution (in alphabetical order of names and institutions): Barbara Brown and Scott Schaefer ( -AMNH -), Mariangeles Arce, John Lundberg and Mark Sabaj ( -ANSP -), Jon Armbruster and Dave Werneke ( -AUM -), James Maclaine ( -BMNH -), Soraya Barrera ( -CBF -), Francisco Langeani ( -DZSJRP -), Barry Chernoff and Mary Ann Rogers ( -FMNH -), Maria Elina Bichuette ( -IBUSP -), John Lynch and Ivan Mojica ( -ICNMHN -), Larry Page and Christopher Taylor ( -INHS -), Lúcia Rapp Py-Daniel and Renildo Ribeiro ( -INPA -), Michael Hardman ( -LACM -), Cláudio Oliveira ( -LBP -), Karsten Hartel ( -MCZ -), Donald Taphorn ( -MHNG -), Oscar Lasso ( -MHNLS -), Santiago Ayerbe ( -MHNUC -), Marcelo Britto and Paulo Buckup ( -MNRJ -), Ângelo Dourado and Wolmar Wosiacki ( -MPEG -), Fernando Jerep ( -MZUEL -), Stefano Vanni ( -MZUF -), Aléssio Datovo, Michel Gianeti, Osvaldo Oyakawa, Mário de Pinna, and Vinicius Reis ( -MZUSP -), Helmut Wellendorf ( -NMW -), Sven Kullander ( -NRM -), Esther Dondorp and Martien van Oijen ( -RMNH -), Mary Burridge, Mariano Galati, Erling Holm, Nathan Lujan, and Don Stacey ( -ROM -), Carla Pavanelli ( -UEM -), Robert H. Robins ( -UF -), Hugmar Pains da Silva ( -UFMT -), Luiz -R -. Malabarba and Juliana Wingert ( -UFRGS -), Aline Andriolo, Carolina Doria, and William Ohara ( -UFRO -), Hernan López-Fernández and Randy Singer ( -UMMZ -), Cristiano Moreira (UNIFESP), Alessandra Bono (UNISINOS), Isaäc Isbrücker (formerly -ZMA -), Karina Gomes and Flavio Lima ( -ZUEC -). We thank Juliano Romanzini for help with microphotography and lab assistance, and Nathan Lujan and Daniel Konn-Vetterlein for the photos of live specimens of - -Rhinotocinclus eppleyi - -and - -R. isabelae - -, respectively. We thank Neil Woodward of Pier Aquatics, -Wigan -, -UK -, for calling our attention to and donating the first specimens of - -R. isabelae - -. Funding for fieldwork yielding the -holotype -and -23 paratypes -of - -Rhinotocinclus discolor - -provided by grants to Nathan K. Lujan from the Coypu Foundation and National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration (grant 8721–09). RER and PLA are partially funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq grants #306455/2014– 5 and #400166/2016-0 to RER and # 483060/2013–5 and 312112/2021–1 to -PLA -). - - - - -REFERENCES - - -• Albert JS, Petry P, Reis RE. -Major biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns. In: Albert JS, Reis RE, - - - - -editors. Historical biogeography of Neotropical freshwater fishes. -California -: University of -California -Press; 2011. p.21–57. https://doi.org/10.1525/ california/9780520268685.001.0001 - - -• Boeseman M. -The genus - -Hypostomus -Lacépède, 1803 - -, and its -Surinam -representatives ( -Siluriformes -, -Loricariidae -). Zool Verhandel. 1968; 99:1–89. - - -• Boeseman M. -On two -Surinam -species of -Hypoptopomatinae -, both new to science ( -Loricariidae -, -Siluriformes, Ostariophysi -). Proc Konin Nederl Akad Wetensch. Ser. C, Biol Med Scienc. 1974; 77(3):251–71. - - -• Britski HA, Garavello JC. -Description of two new sympatric species of the genus - -Hisonotus -Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889 - -, from upper rio Tapajós, -Mato Grosso State -, -Brazil -(Pisces: Ostariophysi: -Loricariidae -). Braz J Biol. 2007; 67(3):631–37. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519- 69842007000300005 - - - -• Calegari -BB -, Delapieve -MLS -, Sousa - - - -LM. -Tutorial para preparação de mapas de distribuição geográfica. Bol Soc Bras Ictiol. 2016; 118:15–30. Available from: https://www.sbi.bio.br/images/sbi/boletimdocs/2016/junho_118.pdf - - - -• Calegari -BB -, Gamarra SP, Reis RE. - -A -new species -of - -Curculionichthys - -( -Siluriformes -: -Hypoptopomatinae -) from the western border of the Brazilian Shield, Madeira River basin, -Brazil -. Copeia. 2018; 106(4):663–70. https://doi.org/10.1643/CI- 18-133 - - - -• Calegari -BB -, Morlis WG, Reis RE. - -A -new species -of - -Otothyropsis - -( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -) from the upper RÍo Paraná basin, -Paraguay -, with a discussion of the limits between - -Otothyropsis - -and - -Hisonotus -. - -Zootaxa. 2017; 4244(2):231–45. https://doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.2.5 - - -• Carvalho M, Datovo A. -A new species of cascudinho of the genus - -Hisonotus - -( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -: -Hypoptopomatinae -) from the upper - - -Rio Tapajós basin, -Brazil -. Copeia. 2012; 2012(2):266–75. https://doi.org/10.1643/CI- 11-016 - - - -• Cramer -CA -, Bonatto SL, Reis RE. - -Molecular phylogeny of the Neoplecostominae and -Hypoptopomatinae -( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -) using multiple genes. Mol Phyl Evol. 2011; 59(1):43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.002 - - -• Dagosta FCP, de Pinna MCC. -The fishes of the Amazon: distribution and biogeographical patterns, with a comprehensive list of species. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 2019; 431:1–163. https://doi. org/10.1206/0003-0090.431.1.1 - - - -• Delapieve -MLS -, Lehmann A P, Reis - - - -RE. -An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of -Hypoptopomatini -cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species ( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -). Neotrop Ichthyol. 2017; 15(4):e170079. https://doi. org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079 - - - -• Dias -AC -, Silva -GSC -, Oliveira C, Roxo FF. - -A -new species -of - -Hisonotus - -( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -) from Aripuanã river, Amazon basin, -Brazil -. Zootaxa. 2018; 4504(4):577–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/ zootaxa.4504.4.8 - - - -• Gamarra SP, Calegari -BB -, Reis RE. - -A -new species -of - -Curculionichthys - -( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -) from the north edge of the Brazilian Shield, lower Amazon basin. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2019; 17(2):e190001. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20190001 - - -• Garavello JC. -Systematics and geographical distribution of the genus - -Parotocinclus -Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - -(Ostariophysii, -Loricariidae -). - -Arq Zool. 1977; 28(4):1–37. https://doi. org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v28i4p1-37 - -• Garavello JC. -Three new species of - -Parotocinclus -Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - -with comments on their geographical distribution (Pisces, -Loricariidae -). Naturalia. 1988; 13:117–28. - - - -• Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan -PD -. - - - -PAST -: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontol Electron. 2001; 4(1):1–9. Available from: https://palaeo-electronica. org/2001_1/past/past.pdf - - -• Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). -Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção. BrasÍlia: ICMBio; 2018. - - - -• International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ( -ICZN -). - -International - -Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition: adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature; 1999. - - -• International Union for Conservation of Nature ( -IUCN -). Standards and petitions subcommittee. - -Guidelines for using the -IUCN -Red List categories and criteria. Version 14 [Internet]. Gland; 2019. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist. org/resources/redlistguidelines - - -• Lehmann A P, Lazzarotto H, Reis RE. - -Parotocinclus halbothi - -, a new species of small armored catfish ( -Loricariidae -: -Hypoptopomatinae -), from the Trombetas and Marowijne River basins, in -Brazil -and -Suriname -. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2014; 12(1):27–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679- 62252014000100002 - - - -• Lehmann A P, Lima -FCT -, Reis RE. - - -Parotocinclus yaka - -, a new species of armored catfish ( -Loricariidae -: -Hypoptopomatinae -), from the Amazon basin in -Brazil -. Zootaxa. 2018; 4521(4):584–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/ zootaxa.4521.4.7 - - -• Lehmann A P, Lujan NK, Reis RE. -A -new species -of armored catfish ( -Loricariidae -: -Hypoptopomatinae -) syntopic and superficially similar to - -Parotocinclus collinsae - -, from the Potaro River basin, -Guyana -. Ichthyol Herpetol. Forthcoming - - -2022. -• Lehmann A P, Reis RE. -A -new species -of - - - -Parotocinclus - -( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -) from the upper Rio São Francisco, -Brazil -. Zootaxa. 2012; 3390(1):56–64. https://doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.3390.1.5 - - -• Lehmann A P, Reis RE. -A -new species -of the armored catfish - -Parotocinclus - -( -Loricariidae -: -Hypoptopomatinae -) from the upper Xingu River basin, -Brazil -. Ichthyol Herpetol. 2021; 109(2):449–55. https://doi.org/10.1643/i2021046 - - -• Lehmann A P, Schvambach LJ, Reis - - -RE. -A new species of the armored catfish - -Parotocinclus - -( -Loricariidae -: -Hypoptopomatinae -), from the Amazon basin in -Colombia -. Neotro p Ichthyol. 2015; 13(1):47–52. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982- 0224-20140113 - - - -• -Lima -FCT -, Ribeiro -AC -. - -Continental- - -scale tectonic controls of biogeography and ecology. In: Albert JS, Reis RE, - -editors. Historical biogeography of Neotropical freshwater fishes. -California -: University of -California -Press; 2011. p.145–64. https://doi.org/10.1525/ california/9780520268685.003.0009 - - -• Maldonado-Ocampo JA, Vari RP, Usma - - -JS. -Checklist of the freshwater fishes of -Colombia -. Biota Colombiana. 2008; 9(2):143–237. Available from: http://www. redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49120960001 - - -• Mattox GMT, Toledo-Piza M, Oyakawa OT. -Taxonomic study of - -Hoplias aimara -(Valenciennes, 1846) - -and - -Hoplias macrophthalmus -(Pellegrin, 1907) - -(Ostariophysii, -Characiformes -, -Erythrinidae -). Copeia. 2006; 2006(3):516– 28. https://doi.org/10.1643/0045- 8511(2006)2006[516:TSOHAV]2.0.CO;2 - - - -• -Miranda -Ribeiro P. - -Um -Paraotocinclus -[sic] do Nordeste Brasileiro (Peixes- Larocaridae [sic]- -Hypoptopomatinae -). Bol Biol. 1939; 4(3):364–66. - - -• DoNascimiento C, Herrera-Collazos - - - -EE, Herrera-R GA, Ortega-Lara A, Villa- Navarro FA, Oviedo -JSU -, MaldonadoOcampo JA. - -Checklist of the freshwater fishes of -Colombia -: a Darwin Core alternative to the updating problem. ZooKeys. 2017; 708:25–138. https://doi. org/10.3897/zookeys.708.13897 - - -• Pereira EHL, Reis RE. -Morphologybased phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae ( -Teleostei -: -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -). Zootaxa. 2017; 4264(1):1–104. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4264.1.1 - - -• Reis RE. -Systematic revision of the neotropical characid subfamily -Stethaprioninae -(Pisces, -Characiformes -). Comun Mus Ciênc -PUCRS -Sér Zool. 1989; 2(6):3–86. - - - -• Reis RE, Calegari -BB -, Carvalho TP, Cramer -CA -, Delapieve -MLS -, Lehmann - - - -A P, Pereira EHL. -A phylogeny of the armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae-Hypoptopomatinae clade ( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -): Integrating phenotypical and molecular data. Londrina: II International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes; 2017. - - -• Reis RE, Lehmann A P. -A -new genus -and five new species of cascudinhos of the subfamily -Hypoptopomatinae -( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -) from northern South America. Minneapolis, -USA -: Abstracts of the 2011 meetings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists; 2011. - - - -• Ribeiro-Silva LR, Silva -GSC -, Venere - - - -PC, Silva HP, Roxo FF. -Description of a new species of - -Hisonotus - -( -Loricariidae -: -Siluriformes -) from rio Araguaia basin. Zootaxa. 2020; 4860(4):553–62. https://doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.4.5 - - - -• Roxo FF, Messias FL, Silva -GSC -. - -A -new species -of - -Parotocinclus - -( -Loricariidae -: -Hypoptopomatinae -) from rio - - -Tocantins -basin, -Brazil -. Zootaxa. 2019; 4646(2):346–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/ zootaxa.4646.2.9 - - - -• Roxo FF, Ochoa -LE -, Sabaj -MH -, Lujan NK, Covain -R -, Silva -GSC -, Melo BF, - - - -Albert JS, Chang J, Foresti F, Alfaro ME, Oliveira C. -Phylogenomic reappraisal of the Neotropical catfish family -Loricariidae -( -Teleostei -: -Siluriformes -) using ultraconserved elements. Mol Phyl Evol. 2019; 135:148–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ympev.2019.02.017 - - - -• Roxo FF, Silva -GSC -, Oliveira C. - -Description of a new species of - -Parotocinclus - -( -Siluriformes -, -Hypoptopomatinae -) from the rio Tapajós basin. ZooKeys. 2016; 634:125–36. https:// doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.634.9917 - - - -• Sabaj -MH -. - -Codes for natural history collections in ichthyology and herpetology. Copeia. 2020; 108(3):593–669. https://doi. org/10.1643/ASIHCODONS2020 - - - -• Schaefer -SA -. - -A -new species -of the loricariid genus - -Parotocinclus - -from southern -Venezuela -(Pisces: Siluroidei). Copeia. 1988; 1988(1):182–88. https://doi. org/10.2307/1445936 - - - -• Schaefer -SA -. - -The Neotropical cascudinhos: systematics and biogeography of the - -Otocinclus - -catfishes ( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -). Proc Acad Nat Sci Phila. 1997; 148:1–120. https://www.jstor.org/ stable/4065046 - - - -• Schaefer -SA -, Provenzano F. - -The -Guyana -Shield - -Parotocinclus - -: systematics, biogeography, and description of a new Venezuelan species (Siluroidei: -Loricariidae -). Ichthyol Explor Freshw. - - -1993; 4(1):39–56. - -• Schmidt RE, Ferraris Jr. -CJ -. - -A -new species -of - -Parotocinclus - -(Pisces: -Loricariidae -) - - -from -Guyana -. Proc Biol Soc Wash. - -1985; 98(2):341–46. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ page/34648620#page/365/mode/1up - - -• Silva -GSC -, Roxo FF, Oliveira FF. - - -Hisonotus acuen - -, a new and phenotypically variable cascudinho ( -Siluriformes -, -Loricariidae -, -Hypoptopomatinae -) from the upper rio Xingu basin, -Brazil -. ZooKeys. 2014; 442:105–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/ - - -zookeys.442.7870 - -• Taylor WR, Van Dyke -GC -. - -Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium. 1985; 9(2):107–19. - - -• Van der Sleen P, Albert JS. -Field guide to the fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. -New Jersey -: Princeton University Press; 2017. - - -AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTION - - -Roberto E. Reis: -Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing. - - -This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - - -Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 - - -© 2022 The Authors. Diversity and Distributions Published by SBI - - -Pablo Lehmann A: -Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing. - - -ETHICAL STATEMENT - -Not applicable. - -COMPETING INTERESTS - -The authors declare no competing interests. - - -HOW TO -CITE -THIS -ARTICLE - - - -• Reis RE, Lehmann A P. -A -new genus -of armored catfish ( -Siluriformes -: -Loricariidae -) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2022; 20(2):e220002. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84A4203FDA3FB6959FDFA08.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84A4203FDA3FB6959FDFA08.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d159f25046b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84A4203FDA3FB6959FDFA08.xml @@ -0,0 +1,799 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni +(Carvalho & Datovo, 2012) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 35 +; +Tab. 7 +) + + + + + +Hisonotus bockmanni +Carvalho & Datovo, 2012:266 + +(Type-locality: +Brazil +, Pará State, Jacareacanga Municipality, sandbank at Rio Cururu, tributary to Rio Teles Pires, tributary to Rio Tapajós, +08°53’42.2”S +57°14’27.8”W +, +140 m +asl. +Holotype +: LIRP 8139). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +is distinguished from all congeners, except for + +R. dani + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by having the dominant color pattern formed by dark bars on body well separated and distinct (Fig. 7D; +vs. +dominant color pattern formed by wide dark bars partially coalesced or closed together, or formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, through the eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle); having two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril (Fig. 6E, F; +vs. +light lines on snout absent, Y- or V-shaped); and by having teeth with yellow cusps (Fig. 5C; +vs. +cusps brown or light ochre). + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +is further distinguished from + +R. britskii + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, + +R. yaka + +, + +R. discolor + +, + +R. isabelae + +, and + +R. pilosus + +by lacking an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin present). + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +is further distinguished from congeners, except + +R. dani + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +, by having small platelets at adipose-fin position ( +vs. +small platelets absent). + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +is distinguished from + +R. dani + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by having a triangular dark spot at the dorsal-fin membrane ( +vs. +dorsalfin dark spot absent), and by lacking or having a very inconspicuous dark bar 2 on body ( +vs. +bar 2 present and conspicuous). + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +occurs in the lower and middle rio Tapajós basin, including the rio Teles Pires in the state of Pará, +Brazil +( +Fig. 36 +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +was originally described and so far known from the rio Cururu, tributary to rio Teles Pires near Jacareacanga, +Pará +. We herein record this species to the lower Tapajós downstream from the mouth of rio Jamanxim, extending the distribution o the north by +ca +. +500 km +in straight line. + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +, listed as + +Hisonotus bockmanni + +, is currently assessed as Data Deficient (DD) in the Brazilian regional assessment by ICMBio (2018). Based on the new record this species should be reassessed. + + + + + +FIGURE +35 | + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + + +, +paratype +, +MCP +46046, 23.0 m SL, female, sand bank of rio Cururu, tributary to rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, Jacareacanga, Pará, +Brazil +. + + + + + +TABLE +7 | + +Descriptive morphometrics of + +Rhinotocinclus +species. + +Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the +holotype +(Hol), SD = standard deviation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +R. bockmanni + +n = 8 + + +R. dani + +n = 14 + + +R. hera + +n = 10 +
Character
LowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)18.323.019.827.420.427.424.125.219.426.122.6
+Percent of SL +
Body depth17.222.220.01.8917.316.318.317.10.5815.814.617.516.00.93
Predosal distance47.551.249.31.2148.647.549.848.40.7749.047.250.548.60.92
Prepelvic distance44.447.345.91.0845.343.745.744.80.5644.443.347.444.71.53
Preanal distance64.767.666.00.9265.163.866.165.10.6964.863.467.064.41.13
Preadipose distance--------------
Dorsal-fin spine length24.228.326.11.5624.024.027.025.30.9025.121.525.123.71.13
Anal-fin unbranched ray length18.221.319.01.0915.515.519.316.61.0718.314.418.316.71.30
Adipose-fin spine length--------------
Pectoral-fin spine length29.331.630.30.7429.829.231.830.40.8229.827.629.928.90.88
Caudal peduncle depth10.611.611.10.378.88.89.99.30.288.37.89.38.60.50
Dorsal-adipose fin distance--------------
Dorsal-fin base length11.814.313.10.7511.39.812.711.50.879.39.312.310.31.08
Lower caudal-fin principal ray28.434.131.01.96-24.327.926.41.1225.324.329.726.71.93
Cleithral width24.226.725.40.9123.623.626.525.30.9124.523.626.024.60.72
Head length38.441.639.90.9838.336.340.038.21.137.635.141.238.51.95
+Percent of HL +
Head depth41.345.443.01.5742.939.943.542.40.942.839.945.542.21.97
Interorbital distance32.736.134.41.2339.236.241.938.71.636.433.737.735.41.37
Orbital horizontal diameter16.218.617.50.8614.613.616.715.30.816.615.117.316.50.68
Snout length49.052.250.31.0753.150.855.652.71.252.851.955.653.51.40
Internarial distance6.610.78.61.2611.09.612.011.00.79.87.211.29.91.22
+Tooth count +
Premaxilla111412.50.9326192821.92.720162218.72.26
Dentary91211.01.0722162219.41.721152117.42.01
+ + + + + +Material examined. +Rio Tapajós basin +, +Pará State +, +Brazil +: + +LIRP 8139 +, +holotype +, +LIRP 8140 +, 2 of 3 + 1 cs +paratypes +(2 measured), + + +MCP 46046 +, +3 +paratypes +(3 measured), +sand bank of rio Cururu, tributary to rio Teles Pires +, +rio Tapajós basin +, +Jacareacanga +, +08°53’42.2”S +57°14’27.8”W + +. + +INPA 6924 +, 3 (3 measured), +rio Tapajós at Pimental, below mouth of rio Jamanxin +, +Itaituba +, +04°33’41”S +56°15’50”W +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84C4278FD89FE245E36F97E.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84C4278FD89FE245E36F97E.xml index f6ecb3591d0..ae3d27e5bcf 100644 --- a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84C4278FD89FE245E36F97E.xml +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84C4278FD89FE245E36F97E.xml @@ -1,70 +1,71 @@ - - - -A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Reis, Roberto E. -PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. -reis@pucrs.br +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br - - -Author + + +Author -Lehmann A., Pablo -Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. -pablole@unisinos.br. +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. -text - - -Neotropical Ichthyology +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology - -2022 - -e 220002 + +2022 + +e 220002 - -2022-07-08 + +2022-07-08 - -20 + +20 - -2 + +2 - -1 -100 + +1 +100 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 -journal article -304139 -10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 -1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe -1982-0224 -13350428 -0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 - - + + - + Rhinotocinclus collinsae (Schmidt & Ferraris, 1985) -, -new combination +, new combination + + ( Fig. 31 @@ -72,6 +73,8 @@ Tab. 6 ) + + Parotocinclus collinsae @@ -88,9 +91,7 @@ from Mazarahally Takutu lumber camp in Takutu Mountains, approx. 59°5’W . Holotype -: -AMNH -55433). +: AMNH 55433). @@ -136,10 +137,10 @@ is further distinguished from R. kwarup , - -R. - -longirostris + +R. +longirostris + , R. pilosus @@ -310,11 +311,7 @@ specimens being collected by Robert E. Schmidt and Antonios Pappantoniou on Apistogramma ortmanni -at the -AMNH -collected by the same collector in 1983 ( -AMNH -72979; field station RES-83-16) that reads: “Little Takutu River and tributaries, Mazarahally Takutu lumber camp, west shore Mazaruni River”. Despite we could not locate this site precisely on a map, it names the river as “Little Takutu”, which differentiates from the Branco tributary Takutu River, and undoubtedly sets the locality in the lower Mazaruni basin. For this reason, the original type-locality of +at the AMNH collected by the same collector in 1983 (AMNH 72979; field station RES-83-16) that reads: “Little Takutu River and tributaries, Mazarahally Takutu lumber camp, west shore Mazaruni River”. Despite we could not locate this site precisely on a map, it names the river as “Little Takutu”, which differentiates from the Branco tributary Takutu River, and undoubtedly sets the locality in the lower Mazaruni basin. For this reason, the original type-locality of Rhinotocinclus collinsae @@ -322,14 +319,12 @@ is herein corrected to Little Takutu River. Rhinotocinclus collinsae -is currently not assessed by -IUCN -or other regional initiative. +is currently not assessed by IUCN or other regional initiative. - + - + Material examined. Essequibo River basin @@ -349,7 +344,7 @@ Material examined. 59°05’W . - + AMNH 55434 , 2 of 4 @@ -357,7 +352,7 @@ Material examined. paratypes , same data as holotype. - + ANSP 175927 1, @@ -375,7 +370,7 @@ from Kurupukari field station, Siparuni 58°50’30”W . - + ANSP 175923 , 2 @@ -388,26 +383,23 @@ cs, 58°51’18”W . - + ANSP 179140 , 7 , - + MCP 34710 , 3, Whitewater Creek, small blackwater creek tributary to Mazaruni River, - 6.8 km -SW - -of +SW of Bartica, @@ -418,7 +410,7 @@ Bartica, 58°40’25”W . - + AUM 28118, 7 + 2 cs, Potaro River and Amatuk cataract and beach just below cataract, Potaro-Siparuni @@ -427,7 +419,7 @@ Bartica, 59°18’40”W . - + AUM 28143, 2, Potaro River at Waratuk cataract, Potaro-Siparuni @@ -436,7 +428,7 @@ Bartica, 59°24’01”W . - + AUM 35577, 10 (8 measured) + 1 cs, Whitewater Creek, small blackwater creek tributary to Mazaruni River, 6.8 km @@ -447,12 +439,12 @@ SW of Bartica, 58°40’25”W . - + AUM 62851, 13 of 24 , - + MCP 54757, 10, Kuribrong River at Grass Shoals Rapids, Potaro-Siparuni @@ -461,14 +453,14 @@ SW of Bartica, 59°31’54.4”W . - + AUM 62880, 1, Kuribrong River at Ram Sheep Rapids, PotaroSiparuni, 05°26’32.5”S 59°30’07.2”W . - + AUM 62896, 3, Grass Falls Creek (Kiwikparu Creek), just upstream from mouth of Kuribrong River, Potaro-Siparuni @@ -478,6 +470,7 @@ SW of Bartica, . + MHNG 2607.046, 2 of 3, river tributary to Essequibo @@ -486,9 +479,10 @@ River, from Linden on road from Linden to Rochstone, Mazaruni-Potaro, 05°59’02”N 58°31’48”W + . - + ROM 83660, 2, Apanachi Creek, 26 mi @@ -499,7 +493,7 @@ from Issano River, along Issano-Barbica Road, 59°13’36.46”W . - + ROM 101797, 2, Kurupung River, Cuyuni-Mazaruni @@ -508,7 +502,7 @@ from Issano River, along Issano-Barbica Road, 60°09’53.35”W . - + ROM 102182, 3, upper Eping Creek, Cuyuni-Mazaruni @@ -518,377 +512,6 @@ from Issano River, along Issano-Barbica Road, . - - - -FIGURE -32 | - -Geographical distribution of - -Rhinotocinclus -species - -of the - -R. collinsae - -group in southeastern Guiana Shield. - -Rhinotocinclus collinsae - -(yellow dots); - -R. halbothi - -(red dots); - -R. hardmani - -(blue dots). -T -= Type-locality - - - - - -Rhinotocinclus halbothi -(Lehmann, Lazzarotto & Reis, 2014) - -, -new combination - - - - -( -Fig. 33 -; -Tab. 6 -) - - - -Parotocinclus halbothi -Lehmann, Lazzarotto & Reis, 2014:28 - -(Type-locality: -Brazil -, Pará, Oriximiná, creek tributary to igarapé do Moura at Platô Monte Branco, rio Trombetas drainage, Amazon basin, -01°35’58.09”S -56°31’21.83”W -. -Holotype -: -MCP -48029). - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus halbothi - -is distinguished from all congeners, except - -R. collinsae - -and - -R. hardmanni - -, by having accessory teeth on both premaxilla and dentary (Fig. 5A; accessory teeth absent, Figs. 5B,C); the odontodes on the ventral surface of first pelvic-fin ray aligned with main ray axis (Fig. 9B; -vs. -odontodes bent and pointing mesially, Fig. 9A); and lacking a light mark from the snout tip to nostrils ( -vs. -light mark present and Y-, V-shaped or as two separate lines). - -Rhinotocinclus halbothi - -is further distinguished from - -R. britskii - -, - -R. discolor - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. isabelae - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. pilosus - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, and - -R. yaka - -by lacking a triangular dark spot on the anterior portion of the dorsal-fin membrane ( -vs. -dorsal-fin spot present); and from - -R. acuen - -, - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. dinizae - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. jumaorum - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -by possessing an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin absent). - -Rhinotocinclus halbothi - -is distinguished from - -R. collinsae - -and - -R. hardmanni - -by having 4–7 series of middle abdominal plates ( -vs. -0–1 series). It is further distinguished from - -R. collinsae - -by having the adipose-fin spine coalesced to the dorsum ( -vs. -adipose fin normally developed), and by a shorter pectoral fin (46.3–55.8% -vs. -58.2–69.1% HL); and from - -R. hardmanii - -by having many and large accessory teeth ( -vs. -few and minute teeth), a normally developed urogenital papilla in males (Fig. 2B; -vs. -urogenital papilla 3–4 times bigger than normal, Fig. 2C), skin flap on first pelvic-fin ray of males ( -vs. -skin flap absent), and belly fully plated between the lateral abdominal plates ( -vs. -belly naked or almost naked between lateral abdominal plates). - - - - - -FIGURE -33 | - -Rhinotocinclus halbothi - - -, -holotype -, -MCP -48029, -19.4 mm -SL, female, creek tributary to igarapé do Moura at Platô Monte Branco, rio Trombetas drainage, Oriximiná, Pará, -Brazil -. - - - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus halbothi - -occurs in the rio Trombetas basin, a tributary to the Amazon in the states of Amazonas and Pará, -Brazil -, and in the upper -Marowijne -River, in southern -Suriname -( -Fig. 32 -). - - - - -Remarks. - -Rhinotocinclus halbothi - -, listed as - -Parotocinclus halbothi - -, is currently assessed as Least Concern ( -LC -) in the Brazilian regional assessment by ICMBio (2018). - - - - - - -Material examined. -Brazil -: - -MCP 48029 -, -holotype -(measured), - - -MCP 48030 -, -6 -paratypes -(6 measured), - - -MCP 48098 -, -1 -cs -paratype -(measured), - - -INPA 39890 -, -4 -+ -1 immature -paratypes -(4 measured), -creek tributary to igarapé do Moura at Platô Monte Branco -, -rio Trombetas drainage -, -Oriximiná -, -Pará -, -01°35’58.09”S -56°31’21.83”W -. - - -MPEG 17299 -, -2 -paratypes -, -igarapé 1500 on track 4, Estação Ecológica Grão-Pará, upper rio Mapuera -, -rio Trombetas basin -, -Pará -, -01º16’20.8”N -58º41’09.2”W -. - - - -Suriname -: - -USNM 408454 -, -1 -paratype -, -left tributary to upper Paloemeu River -, - -1 km -downstream of basecamp - -, -Marowijne River basin -, -Sipaliwini -, -02º28’38”N -55º38’17”W -. - - -USNM 409918 -, -2 -paratypes -, -downstream waterfall in right tributary of upper Paloemeu River -, -Marowijne River basin -, -Sipaliwini -, -02º27’21”N -55º37’35”W -. - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84F427EFE43FF045F56FBD5.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84F427EFE43FF045F56FBD5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..46cb1a6cf9b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE84F427EFE43FF045F56FBD5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus halbothi +(Lehmann, Lazzarotto & Reis, 2014) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 33 +; +Tab. 6 +) + + + +Parotocinclus halbothi +Lehmann, Lazzarotto & Reis, 2014:28 + +(Type-locality: +Brazil +, Pará, Oriximiná, creek tributary to igarapé do Moura at Platô Monte Branco, rio Trombetas drainage, Amazon basin, +01°35’58.09”S +56°31’21.83”W +. +Holotype +: MCP 48029). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus halbothi + +is distinguished from all congeners, except + +R. collinsae + +and + +R. hardmanni + +, by having accessory teeth on both premaxilla and dentary (Fig. 5A; accessory teeth absent, Figs. 5B,C); the odontodes on the ventral surface of first pelvic-fin ray aligned with main ray axis (Fig. 9B; +vs. +odontodes bent and pointing mesially, Fig. 9A); and lacking a light mark from the snout tip to nostrils ( +vs. +light mark present and Y-, V-shaped or as two separate lines). + +Rhinotocinclus halbothi + +is further distinguished from + +R. britskii + +, + +R. discolor + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. isabelae + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. pilosus + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, and + +R. yaka + +by lacking a triangular dark spot on the anterior portion of the dorsal-fin membrane ( +vs. +dorsal-fin spot present); and from + +R. acuen + +, + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. dinizae + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. jumaorum + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +by possessing an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin absent). + +Rhinotocinclus halbothi + +is distinguished from + +R. collinsae + +and + +R. hardmanni + +by having 4–7 series of middle abdominal plates ( +vs. +0–1 series). It is further distinguished from + +R. collinsae + +by having the adipose-fin spine coalesced to the dorsum ( +vs. +adipose fin normally developed), and by a shorter pectoral fin (46.3–55.8% +vs. +58.2–69.1% HL); and from + +R. hardmanii + +by having many and large accessory teeth ( +vs. +few and minute teeth), a normally developed urogenital papilla in males (Fig. 2B; +vs. +urogenital papilla 3–4 times bigger than normal, Fig. 2C), skin flap on first pelvic-fin ray of males ( +vs. +skin flap absent), and belly fully plated between the lateral abdominal plates ( +vs. +belly naked or almost naked between lateral abdominal plates). + + + + + +FIGURE +33 | + +Rhinotocinclus halbothi + + +, +holotype +, +MCP +48029, +19.4 mm +SL, female, creek tributary to igarapé do Moura at Platô Monte Branco, rio Trombetas drainage, Oriximiná, Pará, +Brazil +. + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus halbothi + +occurs in the rio Trombetas basin, a tributary to the Amazon in the states of Amazonas and Pará, +Brazil +, and in the upper +Marowijne +River, in southern +Suriname +( +Fig. 32 +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Rhinotocinclus halbothi + +, listed as + +Parotocinclus halbothi + +, is currently assessed as Least Concern (LC) in the Brazilian regional assessment by ICMBio (2018). + + + + + + +Material examined. +Brazil +: + +MCP 48029 +, +holotype +(measured), + + +MCP 48030 +, +6 +paratypes +(6 measured), + + +MCP 48098 +, +1 +cs +paratype +(measured), + + +INPA 39890 +, +4 ++ +1 immature +paratypes +(4 measured), +creek tributary to igarapé do Moura at Platô Monte Branco +, +rio Trombetas drainage +, +Oriximiná +, +Pará +, +01°35’58.09”S +56°31’21.83”W +. + + +MPEG 17299 +, +2 +paratypes +, +igarapé 1500 on track 4, Estação Ecológica Grão-Pará, upper rio Mapuera +, +rio Trombetas basin +, +Pará +, +01º16’20.8”N +58º41’09.2”W +. + + + +Suriname +: + +USNM 408454 +, +1 +paratype +, +left tributary to upper Paloemeu River +, + +1 km +downstream of basecamp + +, +Marowijne River basin +, +Sipaliwini +, +02º28’38”N +55º38’17”W +. + + +USNM 409918 +, +2 +paratypes +, +downstream waterfall in right tributary of upper Paloemeu River +, +Marowijne River basin +, +Sipaliwini +, +02º27’21”N +55º37’35”W +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8514265FD89FC825F0CFD88.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8514265FD89FC825F0CFD88.xml index f0a50a968ee..4021932de1f 100644 --- a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8514265FD89FC825F0CFD88.xml +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8514265FD89FC825F0CFD88.xml @@ -1,69 +1,68 @@ - - - -A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Reis, Roberto E. -PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. -reis@pucrs.br +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br - - -Author + + +Author -Lehmann A., Pablo -Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. -pablole@unisinos.br. +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. -text - - -Neotropical Ichthyology +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology - -2022 - -e 220002 + +2022 + +e 220002 - -2022-07-08 + +2022-07-08 - -20 + +20 - -2 + +2 - -1 -100 + +1 +100 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 -journal article -304139 -10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 -1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe -1982-0224 -13350428 -0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 - + - + Rhinotocinclus yaka +(Lehmann, Lima & Reis, 2018), -(Lehmann, -Lima -& Reis, 2018), new combination +new combination @@ -86,9 +85,7 @@ Lehmann 69°58’W . Holotype -: -MZUSP -123655). +: MZUSP 123655). @@ -308,14 +305,12 @@ SL, female, igarapé Açaí near São Pedro Village, rio Tiquié basin, Amazonas Rhinotocinclus yaka -was tentatively categorized as Least Concern ( -LC -) by Lehmann +was tentatively categorized as Least Concern (LC) by Lehmann et al . (2018) in the original description. - + @@ -394,1218 +389,6 @@ Material examined. . - - - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup -(Lehmann & Reis, 2021) - -, -new combination - - - - -( -Fig. 25 -; -Tab. 5 -) - - - -Parotocinclus kwarup -Lehmann & Reis, 2021:449 - -(Type-locality: Couto de Magalhães River near Vila São José do Couto, Campinápolis, -MT -, -Brazil -[ -13°50’17”S -53°03’53”W -]. -Holotype -: -MZUSP -125830). - - - - - -FIGURE -25 | - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup - - -, -holotype -, -MZUSP -125830, -21.6 mm -SL, female, rio Couto de Magalhães near Vila São José do Couto, Campinápolis, -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -. - - - - - - -TABLE -5 | - -Descriptive morphometrics of -Rhinotocinclus species. -Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the -holotype -(Hol), SD = standard deviation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- -R. kwarup - -n=20 - - -R. discolor - -n=20 - - -R. pilosus - -n=20 - - -R. isabelae - -n=15 -
Character
HolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)21.618.823.721.324.421.625.223.322.618.122.620.217.614.617.916.6
-Percent of SL -
Body depth15.113.617.215.70.8816.216.218.717.20.7116.915.418.917.30.8419.917.820.919.40.85
Predosal distance44.544.548.446.71.1146.646.250.347.71.1348.647.851.449.81.0048.845.750.948.61.48
Prepelvic distance42.440.644.942.50.9842.642.146.043.81.1745.144.148.246.31.0544.341.148.445.31.75
Preanal distance65.562.267.565.21.4064.663.667.165.41.0368.665.971.869.11.3666.864.369.767.11.80
Preadipose distance78.272.380.076.71.6575.674.178.376.21.0478.475.480.378.31.2274.874.879.877.01.39
Dorsal-fin spine length23.720.527.724.01.5925.323.225.324.10.6224.221.125.323.10.9225.122.626.024.40.86
Anal-fin unbranched ray length16.012.117.114.81.1215.613.517.316.10.8013.612.416.414.41.0117.116.620.418.10.99
Adipose-fin spine length7.25.38.47.10.748.67.610.38.50.826.16.07.96.70.517.47.09.48.00.59
Pectoral-fin spine length28.423.929.626.61.6226.924.827.326.40.6528.424.729.827.11.2429.227.930.229.20.62
Caudal peduncle depth8.37.38.67.90.357.77.78.68.20.256.46.37.56.70.308.18.18.88.50.24
Dorsal-adipose fin distance20.018.920.919.80.5216.613.318.116.01.5116.712.817.515.21.4914.412.316.514.71.45
Dorsal-fin base length12.29.512.711.30.9311.810.112.912.00.6912.711.214.712.31.0112.911.613.712.60.59
Lower caudal-fin principal ray23.921.128.725.01.8128.425.229.727.51.3524.021.327.323.71.3227.423.429.127.41.43
Cleithral width27.524.427.526.00.9726.626.528.327.20.5227.327.229.028.00.5131.629.531.630.50.56
Head length35.332.437.435.41.6037.036.839.337.80.7238.938.943.141.70.9740.239.442.740.81.05
-Percent of HL -
Head depth43.641.248.044.41.9042.139.548.442.82.6141.736.243.039.91.6647.246.450.848.61.30
Interorbital distance37.131.937.735.31.7630.928.734.431.01.4536.732.036.733.51.1234.533.036.334.91.02
Orbital horizontal diameter18.816.821.318.61.3618.115.419.717.71.2318.415.018.916.80.9516.515.817.816.80.63
Snout length52.450.055.853.01.3052.749.758.553.02.4157.353.457.355.11.1152.551.554.753.31.03
Internarial distance9.16.410.48.50.998.37.710.89.00.8511.18.611.810.10.9510.39.611.610.70.55
-Tooth count -
Premaxilla-283430.22.1324232624.30.9935313733.81.812221.029.024.32.46
Dentary-273329.81.6624192421.91.5834293531.81.962018.024.021.52.20
- - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup - -is distinguished from - -R. acuen - -, - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. dinizae - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. jumaorum - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, - -R. marginalis - -n. sp. -, and - -R. loxochelis - -n. sp. -by possessing an adipose fin ( -vs. -adipose fin absent), and by having a Y-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6A,B; -vs. -light mark V-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is distinguished from - -R. collinsae - -, - -R. halbolthi - -, and - -R. hardmanni - -by lacking accessory teeth on both premaxilla and dentary (Figs. 5B,C; -vs. -accessory teeth present, Fig. 5A); the odontodes on the ventral surface of first pelvic-fin ray bent and pointing mesially (Fig. 9A; -vs. -odontodes aligned with main ray axis, Fig. 9B); a triangular dark spot on the anterior portion of the dorsal-fin membrane (Fig. 8B; -vs. -dorsal-fin spot absent); a Y-shaped light mark from snout tip to nostrils ( -vs. -Y-shaped light mark absent); and a larger orbit, 31.2–40.5% snout length ( -vs. -orbit 18.9–24.6% snout length). - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup - -is distinguished from - -R. discolor - -n. sp. -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. isabelae - -n. sp. -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. pilosus - -n. sp. -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, and - -R. yaka - -by having the snout more broadly rounded (Fig. 11A; -vs. -snout more acutely pointed, Fig. 11B); dark bars on body narrower and more widely spaced (Fig. 7A; -vs. -dark bars on body wider and closer together, Fig. 7B); and one plate between the posterior border of the rostral plate and the nostril (Fig. 12B; -vs. -2–4 plates). It is distinguished from - -R. britskii - -by having more numerous premaxillary, 28–34 (mode 32), and dentary, 27–33 (mode 29) teeth ( -vs. -fewer premaxillary and dentary teeth, 15–29 (modes 23 and 20/25 respectively), see Tabs. 1–2; and by having the color pattern with more broken marks, mottled ( -vs. -color pattern with less broken marks). - - - - -Geographical distribution. - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup - -occurs in the tributaries of the upper rio Xingu in the state of -Mato Grosso -, -Brazil -( -Fig. 15 -). - - - - -Remarks. - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup - -, from the upper rio Xingu basin, is most similar to - -R. bristkii - -. The morphological differences found between these two species are the color pattern, which has more broken marks, creating a mottled appearance in the former, while - -R. britskii - -has the body bars and head marks more unbroken, causing a clearer pattern, and the number of oral teeth, as - -R. kwarup - -has 28–34 (mode 32) premaxillary and 27–33 (mode 29) dentary teeth, while all analyzed populations of - -R. britskii - -have 15–29 (mode 23) premaxillary and 15–29 (mode 20 and 25) dentary teeth, see Tabs. 1 and 2 for tooth count distribution. These counts are not fully discrete and partially overlap, and this species should probably be included in a wide molecular assessment of - -P. britskii - -populations. - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup - -was tentatively categorized as Least Concern ( -LC -) by Lehmann, Reis (2021) in the original description. - - - - - - -Material examined. -Rio Xingu basin -, -Mato Grosso State -, -Brazil -: - -MZUSP 125830 -, -holotype -(measured) - -and - -MZUSP 95576 -, -61 -paratypes -(8 measured), -rio Couto de Magalhães near Vila São José do Couto -, -Campinápolis -, -13°50’17”S -53°03’53”W -. - - -LBP 15894 -, -6 -paratypes -, -creek tributary to rio Coluene -, -Canarana -, -13°25’30.9”S -52°16’47.0”W - -. - -MCP 32146 -, -3 -paratypes -, - -rio Von der Stainer (= rio Atelchu) on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê, -ca -. -28 km -W of Iberê - -, -Nova Ubiratã -, -12°47’05”S -54°40’49”W - -. - -MCP 32296 -, -12 + 3 cs -paratypes -, - -rio Arraias on road from Vera to Feliz Natal, -ca -. -5 km -NW of Feliz Natal - -, -Mato Grosso -, -12°21’46”S -54°57’30”W -. - - -MCP 32297 -, -32 (5 measured) + 3 cs -paratypes -, - -rio Azul on road MT-140, -ca -. -7 km -NNW of Santa Carmen - -, -11°54’42”S -55°17’48”W -. - - -MCP 32298 -, -2 -paratypes -, -creek on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê -, - -ca -. -10 km -W of Iberê - -, -Nova Ubiratã -, -12°45’19”S -54°34’25”W - -. - -MCP 32299 -, -2 -paratypes -, -creek tributary to rio Azul on road MT-423 -, - -ca -. -51 km -SW of Cláudia - -, -Sinop -, -11°40’17”S -55°12’54”W - -. - -MCP 32300 -, -1 -paratype -, -córrego Etnéia on road MT-423 -, - -ca -. -60 km -SW of Cláudia - -, -Sinop -, -11°42’21”S -55°17’03”W -. - - -MCP 32301 -, -1 -paratype -, - -creek tributary to rio da Saudade on road MT-423 -ca -. -38 km -SE of Marcelândia - -, -Analândia do Norte -, -11°13’23”S -54°17’24”W -. - - -MCP 32302 -, -1 -paratype -, -rio Ferro on road from Novo Mato Grosso to Nova Ubiratã -, - -ca -. -25 km -SW of Novo Mato Grosso - -, -Nova Ubiratã -, -13°03’32”S -55°02’12”W -. - - -MCP 39805 -, 1 cs -paratype -, -córrego da Caporã, tributary to córrego Três Marias, rio Suiazinho, on road BR-158 -, -Ribeirão Cascalheira -, -12°32’10”S -51°46’45”W - -. - -MNRJ 24970 -, -64 -paratypes -, -ribeirão das Traíras, tributary to rio Comandante Fontoura on road BR-158, S of Posto da Mata -, -Alto Boa Vista -, -11°49’43”S -51°38’09”W - -. - -MNRJ 25073 -, -1 -paratype -, -córrego Trinta -, -Alô Brasil -, -12°14’54”S -51°42’45”W - -. - -MNRJ 25138 -, -2 -paratypes -, -ribeirão Bonito, tributary to rio Suiazinho -, -Ribeirão Cascalheira -, -12°57’09”S -51°51’07”W -. - - -MZUSP 95679 -, -9 -paratypes -, -ribeirão da Anta and marginal pool in its mouth into rio Culuene -, -Gaúcha do Norte -, -13°30’53”S -53°05’34”W - -. - -MZUSP 95709 -, -21 -paratypes -(6 measured), -rio Coronel Vandick -, - -ca -. -20 km -of Vila do rio Culuene - -, -Gaúcha do Norte -, -13°31’34”S -52°43’52”W - -. - -MZUSP 97040 -, -89 -paratypes -, -rio Couto de Magalhães at mouth of córrego Água Clara, Meu Ranchinho Farm -, -Campinápolis -, -13°48’02”S -53°03’43”W -. - - -MZUSP 97068 -, -51 -paratypes -, -córrego Água Fria, tributary to rio Couto de Magalhães -, - -ca -. -2.5 km -S of Vila São José do Couto - -, -Campinápolis -, -13°49’25”S -53°04’30”W - -. - -MZUSP 99007 -, -3 -paratypes -, -rio Von den Steinen (= rio Atelchu) at Fazenda A.R.S. -, -Nova Ubiratã -, -13°05’35”S -54°49’08”W -. - - - -MZUSP -99060 - -, 4, rio Couto de Magalhães at Airton -Espirito Santo -Farm, -Campinápolis -, -13°55’16”S -53°01’27”W -. - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8534268FDFBFDC45976FBA5.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8534268FDFBFDC45976FBA5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4d7ca54e238 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8534268FDFBFDC45976FBA5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1273 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup +(Lehmann & Reis, 2021) + +, new combination + + + + +( +Fig. 25 +; +Tab. 5 +) + + + +Parotocinclus kwarup +Lehmann & Reis, 2021:449 + +(Type-locality: Couto de Magalhães River near Vila São José do Couto, Campinápolis, +MT +, +Brazil +[ +13°50’17”S +53°03’53”W +]. +Holotype +: +MZUSP +125830). + + + + + +FIGURE +25 | + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup + + +, +holotype +, +MZUSP +125830, +21.6 mm +SL, female, rio Couto de Magalhães near Vila São José do Couto, Campinápolis, +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +. + + + + + + +TABLE +5 | + +Descriptive morphometrics of +Rhinotocinclus species. +Values given as percent of standard length or head length. Range includes the +holotype +(Hol), SD = standard deviation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +R. kwarup + +n=20 + + +R. discolor + +n=20 + + +R. pilosus + +n=20 + + +R. isabelae + +n=15 +
Character
HolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSDHolLowHighMeanSD
Standard length (mm)21.618.823.721.324.421.625.223.322.618.122.620.217.614.617.916.6
+Percent of SL +
Body depth15.113.617.215.70.8816.216.218.717.20.7116.915.418.917.30.8419.917.820.919.40.85
Predosal distance44.544.548.446.71.1146.646.250.347.71.1348.647.851.449.81.0048.845.750.948.61.48
Prepelvic distance42.440.644.942.50.9842.642.146.043.81.1745.144.148.246.31.0544.341.148.445.31.75
Preanal distance65.562.267.565.21.4064.663.667.165.41.0368.665.971.869.11.3666.864.369.767.11.80
Preadipose distance78.272.380.076.71.6575.674.178.376.21.0478.475.480.378.31.2274.874.879.877.01.39
Dorsal-fin spine length23.720.527.724.01.5925.323.225.324.10.6224.221.125.323.10.9225.122.626.024.40.86
Anal-fin unbranched ray length16.012.117.114.81.1215.613.517.316.10.8013.612.416.414.41.0117.116.620.418.10.99
Adipose-fin spine length7.25.38.47.10.748.67.610.38.50.826.16.07.96.70.517.47.09.48.00.59
Pectoral-fin spine length28.423.929.626.61.6226.924.827.326.40.6528.424.729.827.11.2429.227.930.229.20.62
Caudal peduncle depth8.37.38.67.90.357.77.78.68.20.256.46.37.56.70.308.18.18.88.50.24
Dorsal-adipose fin distance20.018.920.919.80.5216.613.318.116.01.5116.712.817.515.21.4914.412.316.514.71.45
Dorsal-fin base length12.29.512.711.30.9311.810.112.912.00.6912.711.214.712.31.0112.911.613.712.60.59
Lower caudal-fin principal ray23.921.128.725.01.8128.425.229.727.51.3524.021.327.323.71.3227.423.429.127.41.43
Cleithral width27.524.427.526.00.9726.626.528.327.20.5227.327.229.028.00.5131.629.531.630.50.56
Head length35.332.437.435.41.6037.036.839.337.80.7238.938.943.141.70.9740.239.442.740.81.05
+Percent of HL +
Head depth43.641.248.044.41.9042.139.548.442.82.6141.736.243.039.91.6647.246.450.848.61.30
Interorbital distance37.131.937.735.31.7630.928.734.431.01.4536.732.036.733.51.1234.533.036.334.91.02
Orbital horizontal diameter18.816.821.318.61.3618.115.419.717.71.2318.415.018.916.80.9516.515.817.816.80.63
Snout length52.450.055.853.01.3052.749.758.553.02.4157.353.457.355.11.1152.551.554.753.31.03
Internarial distance9.16.410.48.50.998.37.710.89.00.8511.18.611.810.10.9510.39.611.610.70.55
+Tooth count +
Premaxilla-283430.22.1324232624.30.9935313733.81.812221.029.024.32.46
Dentary-273329.81.6624192421.91.5834293531.81.962018.024.021.52.20
+ + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup + +is distinguished from + +R. acuen + +, + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. dinizae + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. jumaorum + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +, and + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +by possessing an adipose fin ( +vs. +adipose fin absent), and by having a Y-shaped light mark from the snout tip to each nostril (Figs. 6A,B; +vs. +light mark V-shaped or present as two separate lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril). It is distinguished from + +R. collinsae + +, + +R. halbolthi + +, and + +R. hardmanni + +by lacking accessory teeth on both premaxilla and dentary (Figs. 5B,C; +vs. +accessory teeth present, Fig. 5A); the odontodes on the ventral surface of first pelvic-fin ray bent and pointing mesially (Fig. 9A; +vs. +odontodes aligned with main ray axis, Fig. 9B); a triangular dark spot on the anterior portion of the dorsal-fin membrane (Fig. 8B; +vs. +dorsal-fin spot absent); a Y-shaped light mark from snout tip to nostrils ( +vs. +Y-shaped light mark absent); and a larger orbit, 31.2–40.5% snout length ( +vs. +orbit 18.9–24.6% snout length). + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup + +is distinguished from + +R. discolor + +n. sp. +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. isabelae + +n. sp. +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. pilosus + +n. sp. +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, and + +R. yaka + +by having the snout more broadly rounded (Fig. 11A; +vs. +snout more acutely pointed, Fig. 11B); dark bars on body narrower and more widely spaced (Fig. 7A; +vs. +dark bars on body wider and closer together, Fig. 7B); and one plate between the posterior border of the rostral plate and the nostril (Fig. 12B; +vs. +2–4 plates). It is distinguished from + +R. britskii + +by having more numerous premaxillary, 28–34 (mode 32), and dentary, 27–33 (mode 29) teeth ( +vs. +fewer premaxillary and dentary teeth, 15–29 (modes 23 and 20/25 respectively), see +Tabs. 1–2 +; and by having the color pattern with more broken marks, mottled ( +vs. +color pattern with less broken marks). + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup + +occurs in the tributaries of the upper rio Xingu in the state of +Mato Grosso +, +Brazil +( +Fig. 15 +). + + + + +Remarks. + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup + +, from the upper rio Xingu basin, is most similar to + +R. bristkii + +. The morphological differences found between these two species are the color pattern, which has more broken marks, creating a mottled appearance in the former, while + +R. britskii + +has the body bars and head marks more unbroken, causing a clearer pattern, and the number of oral teeth, as + +R. kwarup + +has 28–34 (mode 32) premaxillary and 27–33 (mode 29) dentary teeth, while all analyzed populations of + +R. britskii + +have 15–29 (mode 23) premaxillary and 15–29 (mode 20 and 25) dentary teeth, see Tabs. 1 and +2 +for tooth count distribution. These counts are not fully discrete and partially overlap, and this species should probably be included in a wide molecular assessment of + +P. britskii + +populations. + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup + +was tentatively categorized as Least Concern (LC) by Lehmann, Reis (2021) in the original description. + + + + + + +Material examined. +Rio Xingu basin +, +Mato Grosso State +, +Brazil +: + +MZUSP 125830 +, +holotype +(measured) + +and + +MZUSP 95576 +, +61 +paratypes +(8 measured), +rio Couto de Magalhães near Vila São José do Couto +, +Campinápolis +, +13°50’17”S +53°03’53”W +. + + +LBP 15894 +, +6 +paratypes +, +creek tributary to rio Coluene +, +Canarana +, +13°25’30.9”S +52°16’47.0”W + +. + +MCP 32146 +, +3 +paratypes +, + +rio Von der Stainer (= rio Atelchu) on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê, +ca +. +28 km +W of Iberê + +, +Nova Ubiratã +, +12°47’05”S +54°40’49”W + +. + +MCP 32296 +, +12 + 3 cs +paratypes +, + +rio Arraias on road from Vera to Feliz Natal, +ca +. +5 km +NW of Feliz Natal + +, +Mato Grosso +, +12°21’46”S +54°57’30”W +. + + +MCP 32297 +, +32 (5 measured) + 3 cs +paratypes +, + +rio Azul on road MT-140, +ca +. +7 km +NNW of Santa Carmen + +, +11°54’42”S +55°17’48”W +. + + +MCP 32298 +, +2 +paratypes +, +creek on road from Santa Terezinha to Iberê +, + +ca +. +10 km +W of Iberê + +, +Nova Ubiratã +, +12°45’19”S +54°34’25”W + +. + +MCP 32299 +, +2 +paratypes +, +creek tributary to rio Azul on road MT-423 +, + +ca +. +51 km +SW of Cláudia + +, +Sinop +, +11°40’17”S +55°12’54”W + +. + +MCP 32300 +, +1 +paratype +, +córrego Etnéia on road MT-423 +, + +ca +. +60 km +SW of Cláudia + +, +Sinop +, +11°42’21”S +55°17’03”W +. + + +MCP 32301 +, +1 +paratype +, + +creek tributary to rio da Saudade on road MT-423 +ca +. +38 km +SE of Marcelândia + +, +Analândia do Norte +, +11°13’23”S +54°17’24”W +. + + +MCP 32302 +, +1 +paratype +, +rio Ferro on road from Novo Mato Grosso to Nova Ubiratã +, + +ca +. +25 km +SW of Novo Mato Grosso + +, +Nova Ubiratã +, +13°03’32”S +55°02’12”W +. + + +MCP 39805 +, 1 cs +paratype +, +córrego da Caporã, tributary to córrego Três Marias, rio Suiazinho, on road BR-158 +, +Ribeirão Cascalheira +, +12°32’10”S +51°46’45”W + +. + +MNRJ 24970 +, +64 +paratypes +, +ribeirão das Traíras, tributary to rio Comandante Fontoura on road BR-158, S of Posto da Mata +, +Alto Boa Vista +, +11°49’43”S +51°38’09”W + +. + +MNRJ 25073 +, +1 +paratype +, +córrego Trinta +, +Alô Brasil +, +12°14’54”S +51°42’45”W + +. + +MNRJ 25138 +, +2 +paratypes +, +ribeirão Bonito, tributary to rio Suiazinho +, +Ribeirão Cascalheira +, +12°57’09”S +51°51’07”W +. + + +MZUSP 95679 +, +9 +paratypes +, +ribeirão da Anta and marginal pool in its mouth into rio Culuene +, +Gaúcha do Norte +, +13°30’53”S +53°05’34”W + +. + +MZUSP 95709 +, +21 +paratypes +(6 measured), +rio Coronel Vandick +, + +ca +. +20 km +of Vila do rio Culuene + +, +Gaúcha do Norte +, +13°31’34”S +52°43’52”W + +. + +MZUSP 97040 +, +89 +paratypes +, +rio Couto de Magalhães at mouth of córrego Água Clara, Meu Ranchinho Farm +, +Campinápolis +, +13°48’02”S +53°03’43”W +. + + +MZUSP 97068 +, +51 +paratypes +, +córrego Água Fria, tributary to rio Couto de Magalhães +, + +ca +. +2.5 km +S of Vila São José do Couto + +, +Campinápolis +, +13°49’25”S +53°04’30”W + +. + +MZUSP 99007 +, +3 +paratypes +, +rio Von den Steinen (= rio Atelchu) at Fazenda A.R.S. +, +Nova Ubiratã +, +13°05’35”S +54°49’08”W +. + + + +MZUSP +99060 + +, 4, rio Couto de Magalhães at Airton +Espirito Santo +Farm, +Campinápolis +, +13°55’16”S +53°01’27”W +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8704248FC90FD725801FD38.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8704248FC90FD725801FD38.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 8f44445dc9b..00000000000 --- a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE8704248FC90FD725801FD38.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,773 +0,0 @@ - - - -A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species - - - -Author - -Reis, Roberto E. -PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. -reis@pucrs.br - - - -Author - -Lehmann A., Pablo -Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. -pablole@unisinos.br. - -text - - -Neotropical Ichthyology - - -2022 - -e 220002 - - -2022-07-08 - - -20 - - -2 - - -1 -100 - - - - -http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 - -journal article -10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 -1982-0224 -13350428 -0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 - - - - - - -Rhinotocinclus - -, -new genus - - - - - - -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: -6BB47659-B0D4-4153-B621-34E42CEE6227 - - - - - -Type-species. - -Parotocinclus longirostris -Garavello, 1988 - -. - - - - -Diagnosis. - -Rhinotocinclus - -is diagnosed from all other genera in -Hypoptopomatinae -by having the canal cheek plate on the ventral surface of the head posteriorly elongated and contacting the cleithrum ( -Fig. 1 -; -vs. -canal cheek plate rounded or mesially elongated and not expanded backwards to contact the pectoral girdle). The new genus is also distinguished from other genera except - -Curculionichthys - -, - -Otocinclus - -, and - -Parotocinclus - -by having the dorsal-fin locking mechanism functional with the dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped ( -vs. -dorsal-fin locking mechanism non-functional and dorsal-fin spinelet roundish or absent). It is further distinguished from - -Curculionichthys - -by having a single rostral plate ( -vs. -paired rostral plate) and less numerous lateral abdominal plates (2–5, but up to -8 in -the - -R. collinsae - -Group; -vs. -5–8). It is further distinguished from - -Parotocinclus - -by the shape of the coracoid, which is expanded anteriorly as a lamina partially covering the cleithrum ventrally ( -Fig. 1 -; -vs. -coracoid less expanded anteriorly), and from - -Otocinclus - -by having the preopercle exposed and bearing part of the mandibular branch of the laterosensory canal ( -vs. -preopercle not exposed in the surface and not bearing laterosensory canal). - -Rhinotocinclus - -is further distinguished from the genera of Neoplecostomini ( - -Euryochus -Pereira & Reis, 2017 - -, - -Hirtella -Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis, 2014 - -, - -Isbrueckerichthys -Derijst, 1996 - -, - -Kronichthys - -Miranda -Ribeiro, 1908, - -Neoplecostomus -Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 - -, - -Pareiorhaphis - -Miranda -Ribeiro, 1918, - -Pareiorhina -Gosline, 1947 - -) by having the pectoral girdle widely exposed and bearing odontodes on the ventral surface of both cleithrum and coracoid ( -vs. -pectoral girdle covered by thick skin) and by the small body size (maximum standard length of its species 19.9–33.0 mm, -vs. -49.2 mm -in - -Hirtella - -, usually above -100 mm -in remaining genera). - - - - -Sexual dimorphism. -Species of - -Rhinotocinclus - -exhibit conspicuous secondary sexual dimorphism. As all hypoptopomatines, males of - -Rhinotocinclus - -possess a urogenital papilla immediately behind the anus ( -Figs. 2B,C -), and a variably deep skin fold along the first, unbranched pelvic-fin ray ( -Fig. 2D -), both characteristics being absent in females. In addition, males possess a much larger nostril than females ( -Fig. 3 -), causing the internarial distance to be smaller in males. The larger size of the olfactory organ of males also causes an elevation in the snout profile immediately in front of the eyes, which can be easily seen in lateral view ( -Fig. 3 -). In most species, males also possess longer pelvic fins, which reach or almost reach to the anal-fin origin ( -Figs. 2B,C -), which does not happen in females. On the other hand, females usually attain larger size than males. - - - -FIGURE 1 | -Canal cheek plate and pelvic girdle. - -A. - -Rhinotocinclus kwarup -, MCP - - -32297; - -B. - -Rhinotocinclus yaka -, MCP - - -53630; - -C. - -Parotocinclus maculicauda -, MCP - - -17605; - -D. - -Curculionichthys scaius -, MCP - - -53801. CCP = canal cheek plate; CL = cleithrum; CO = coracoid. Scale bars = 2 mm. - - - -Characters and phenotypic species groups. -The genus - -Rhinotocinclus - -as herein rearranged includes 23 species previously attributed to - -Parotocinclus - -, - -Hisonotus - -, and - -Curculionichthys - -. These species can be grouped in four phenotypic species groups that share characters that may or may not have phylogenetic significance, but which are easily verified and useful to identify the species. - - - -FIGURE 2 | -Pelvic fin and urogenital papilla of - -Rhinotocinclus - -. - -A. - -R. hardmani -, AUM - - -62879, female; - -B. - -R. collinsae -, MCP - - -54757, male; - -C. - -R. hardmani -, AUM - - -62879, male; - -D. - -R. acuen -, MCP - - -40543, male. Arrow points skin fold on first unbranched pelvic-fin ray. Scale bars = 1 mm. - - - - -FIGURE 3 | -Snout shape and sexual dimorphism in - -Rhinotocinclus bristkii -, ZUEC - -16817. -A. -male: head wider at nostril level, nostril larger, internarial narrower, area between nostrils elevated; -B. -female: head narrower at nostril level, nostril smaller, internarial wider, area between nostrils not elevated. Scale bar = 2 mm. - - - -The - -Rhinotocinclus britskii - -Group. Species in this group were all described in - -Parotocinclus - -and are characterized by possessing (1) a normally developed adipose fin ( -Figs. 4A,B -), (2) dark brown oral teeth ( -Fig. 5A -), (3) a Y-shaped light mark from the snout tip to the nostrils ( -Figs. 6A,B -), and (4) a dominant color pattern formed by five dark bars on body (first at the anterior portion of the dorsal fin, usually continuous with a triangular spot at the anterior portion of the dorsal fin and anteriorly inclined, second at posterior portion of dorsal fin, usually not reaching dorsal midline and posteriorly inclined, third from adipose to anal fin, fourth before end of the caudal peduncle, usually connected to the fifth, which is contiguous with a dark blotch at the base of the caudal fin ( -Figs. 7A,B -). Species in this group include - -R. bristskii - -, - -R. eppleyi - -, - -R. kwarup - -, - -R. longirostris - -, - -R. polyochrus - -, - -R. variola - -, - -R. yaka - -, and three new species, which are widely distributed in the Amazon, Orinoco, and coastal rivers of the Guianas. - - -The - -Rhinotocinclus collinsae - -Group. Species in this group were also originally described in - -Parotocinclus - -and are characterized by possessing (1) an adipose fin, which may be coalesced to the dorsal plates and lack a membrane ( -Fig. 4C -), (2) brown oral teeth ( -Fig. 5A -), (3) lack of clearly defined light marks from the snout tip to the nostrils ( -Figs. 6G,H -), (4) absence of a triangular dark spot in the dorsal fin ( -Fig. 8A -) and dark bars 2 and 3 of body fused ( -Fig. 7C -), (5) unicuspid accessory oral teeth on both the premaxilla and dentary ( -Fig. 5A -, arrows), and (5) odontodes on the ventral surface of the pelvic-fin ray aligned with main ray axis and not bent mesially ( -Fig. 9B -). Species in this group include - -R. collinsae - -, - -R. halbothi - -, and - -R. hardmani - -, which are distributed on the Guiana Shield in the coastal rivers of the Guianas and some northern tributaries of the lower Amazon in -Brazil -. - - -The - -Rhinotocinclus bockmanni - -Group. Species in this group were originally described either in - -Parotocinclus - -, - -Hisonotus - -, or - -Curculionichthys - -, and are characterized by having (1) small azygous platelets at the adipose-fin position (except for - -R. hera - -), (2) light yellow oral teeth (except - -R. hera - -, which has light ochre teeth; -Figs. 5B,C -), (3) two separate light lines from the snout tip diverging toward each nostril ( -Figs. 6E,F -), (4) a dominant color pattern formed by four or five dark bars on body, usually connected by a lateral dark stripe of variable intensity ( -Fig. 7D -). Species in this group include - -R. bockmanni - -, - -R. dani - -, - -R. hera - -, - -R. pentakelis - -, and two new species, which are distributed in Amazon tributaries draining the western portion of the Brazilian Shield. - - -The - -Rhinotocinclus chromodontus - -Group. Species in this group were all described in - -Hisonotus - -and are characterized by (1) lacking an adipose fin and small azygous platelets at the adipose-fin position, (2) having brown or light ochre teeth ( -Figs. 5A,B -), (3) a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to the nostrils ( -Figs. 6C,D -), and (4) a dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, passing through the eye and extending to the end of caudal peduncle, the transverse dark bars being inconspicuous laterally ( -Fig. 7E -). Species in this group include - -R. acuen - -, - -R. chromodontus - -, - -R. dinizae - -, - -R. jumaorum - -, which are distributed in the rivers Araguaia, Xingu, Tapajós, and Madeira, all Amazon tributaries draining the Brazilian Shield. - - - - -FIGURE 4 | -Adipose fin of - -Rhinotocinclus - -. - -A. - -R. pilosus - - -n. sp. -, UFRO-ICT 27700, normally developed; - -B. - -R. britskii -, ZUEC - - -16817, normally developed; - -C. - -R. hardmani -, AUM - - -62879, coalesced to dorsal plates. Scale bars = 2 mm. - - - - -FIGURE 5 | -Teeth color of - -Rhinotocinclus - -. - -A. - -R. collinsae -, MCP - - -54757, brown; - -B. - -R. acuen -, MCP - - -40543, ochre; - -C. - -R. dani -, MCP - - -54756, yellow. Arrows point accessory teeth. Scale bars = 500 µ. - - - - -FIGURE 6 | -Snout color pattern of - -Rhinotocinclus - -. Y-shaped, - -A. - -R. longirostris -, MZUSP - - -85786; - -B. - -R. eppleyi -, MCP - - -54750; V-shaped, - -C. - -R. chromodontus -, MCP - - -32660; - -D. - -R. jumaorum -, MCP - - -54758; two separate lines, - -E. - -R. marginalis - - -n. sp. -, MCP 54748; - -F. - -R. loxochelis - - -n. sp. -, MPEG 38957; no light lines, - -G. - -R. collinsae -, AUM - - -62851; - -H. - -R. hardmani -, AUM - - -62850. - - - - -Remarks. -Among the -Hypoptopomatini -, some species of - -Hypoptopoma - -( - -H. brevirostratum -Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - -, - -H. elongatum -Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - -, - -H. guianense -Boeseman, 1974 - -, - -H. incognitum -Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - -, - -H. inexspectatum -(Holmberg 1893) - -, and - -H. steindachneri -Boulenger, 1895 - -) may variably possess a small adipose fin, but their relationships were already demonstrated to be with their congeners and other hypoptopomatin genera (Delapieve -et al -., 2017), and this character bears no phylogenetic signal among the two groups. The adipose fin is also present in most Neoplecostomini, but these are also distantly related to the new genus (Pereira, Reis 2017; Reis -et al -., 2017). The main diagnostic feature of - -Rhinotocinclus - -is the canal cheek plate posteriorly elongated and contacting the cleithrum. A very similar configuration of the cheek plate, however, occurs in a few species of - -Hisonotus - -from southern -Brazil -and -Uruguay -( - -H. megaloplax -Carvalho & Reis, 2009 - -, - -H. montanus -Carvalho & Reis, 2009 - -, - -H. ringueleti -Aquino, Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001 - -, - -H. thayeri -Martins & Langeani, 2016 - -and - -H. vireo -Carvalho & Reis, 2011 - -). Again, this similarity is better interpreted as a convergence as - -Hisonotus - -have been demonstrated not to be directly related to - -Rhinotocinclus - -(Cramer -et al -., 2011; Reis -et al -., 2017; Roxo -et al -., 2019). - - - -Parotocinclus longirostris - -was chosen as type-species for the new genus following Recommendation 69A of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( -ICZN -, 1999). It is adequately described and illustrated, type-material exists and is readily available at -MZUSP -, and it is a common and well distributed species in central Amazon. - - - - -Etymology. - -Rhinotocinclus - -masc., from the Greek - -Pniv -q -c - -( -Rhinos -), beak, snout and - -Otocinclus - -, a genus of -Hypoptopomatinae -, in allusion to the conspicuous and elegant snout of most of its species. - - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE870424CFC90FD725EAAF8EE.xml b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE870424CFC90FD725EAAF8EE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3def3069cbc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/01/87/7F0187BBE870424CFC90FD725EAAF8EE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1410 @@ + + + +A new genus of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Greater Amazon, with a review of the species and description of five new species + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P. O. Box 1429, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lehmann A., Pablo +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022 - 000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. +pablole@unisinos.br. + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2022 + +e 220002 + + +2022-07-08 + + +20 + + +2 + + +1 +100 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 + +journal article +304139 +10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0002 +1f6c7a0d-e5f8-479d-be08-03fd894b7cfe +1982-0224 +13350428 +0A755C8D-B807-41CF-825B-BD3209119D54 + + + + + + +Rhinotocinclus + +, +new genus + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +6BB47659-B0D4-4153-B621-34E42CEE6227 + + + + + +Type-species. + +Parotocinclus longirostris +Garavello, 1988 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Rhinotocinclus + +is diagnosed from all other genera in +Hypoptopomatinae +by having the canal cheek plate on the ventral surface of the head posteriorly elongated and contacting the cleithrum ( +Fig. 1 +; +vs. +canal cheek plate rounded or mesially elongated and not expanded backwards to contact the pectoral girdle). The new genus is also distinguished from other genera except + +Curculionichthys + +, + +Otocinclus + +, and + +Parotocinclus + +by having the dorsal-fin locking mechanism functional with the dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped ( +vs. +dorsal-fin locking mechanism non-functional and dorsal-fin spinelet roundish or absent). It is further distinguished from + +Curculionichthys + +by having a single rostral plate ( +vs. +paired rostral plate) and less numerous lateral abdominal plates (2–5, but up to +8 in +the + +R. collinsae + +Group; +vs. +5–8). It is further distinguished from + +Parotocinclus + +by the shape of the coracoid, which is expanded anteriorly as a lamina partially covering the cleithrum ventrally ( +Fig. 1 +; +vs. +coracoid less expanded anteriorly), and from + +Otocinclus + +by having the preopercle exposed and bearing part of the mandibular branch of the laterosensory canal ( +vs. +preopercle not exposed in the surface and not bearing laterosensory canal). + +Rhinotocinclus + +is further distinguished from the genera of Neoplecostomini ( + +Euryochus +Pereira & Reis, 2017 + +, + +Hirtella +Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis, 2014 + +, + +Isbrueckerichthys +Derijst, 1996 + +, + +Kronichthys + +Miranda +Ribeiro, 1908, + +Neoplecostomus +Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 + +, + +Pareiorhaphis + +Miranda +Ribeiro, 1918, + +Pareiorhina +Gosline, 1947 + +) by having the pectoral girdle widely exposed and bearing odontodes on the ventral surface of both cleithrum and coracoid ( +vs. +pectoral girdle covered by thick skin) and by the small body size (maximum standard length of its species 19.9–33.0 mm, +vs. +49.2 mm +in + +Hirtella + +, usually above +100 mm +in remaining genera). + + + + +Sexual dimorphism. +Species of + +Rhinotocinclus + +exhibit conspicuous secondary sexual dimorphism. As all hypoptopomatines, males of + +Rhinotocinclus + +possess a urogenital papilla immediately behind the anus ( +Figs. 2B,C +), and a variably deep skin fold along the first, unbranched pelvic-fin ray ( +Fig. 2D +), both characteristics being absent in females. In addition, males possess a much larger nostril than females ( +Fig. 3 +), causing the internarial distance to be smaller in males. The larger size of the olfactory organ of males also causes an elevation in the snout profile immediately in front of the eyes, which can be easily seen in lateral view ( +Fig. 3 +). In most species, males also possess longer pelvic fins, which reach or almost reach to the anal-fin origin ( +Figs. 2B,C +), which does not happen in females. On the other hand, females usually attain larger size than males. + + + +FIGURE 1 | +Canal cheek plate and pelvic girdle. A. + +Rhinotocinclus kwarup +, MCP + +32297; B. + +Rhinotocinclus yaka +, MCP + +53630; C. + +Parotocinclus maculicauda +, MCP + +17605; D. + +Curculionichthys scaius +, MCP + +53801. CCP = canal cheek plate; CL = cleithrum; CO = coracoid. Scale bars = 2 mm. + + + +Characters and phenotypic species groups. +The genus + +Rhinotocinclus + +as herein rearranged includes 23 species previously attributed to + +Parotocinclus + +, + +Hisonotus + +, and + +Curculionichthys + +. These species can be grouped in four phenotypic species groups that share characters that may or may not have phylogenetic significance, but which are easily verified and useful to identify the species. + + + +FIGURE 2 | +Pelvic fin and urogenital papilla of + +Rhinotocinclus + +. A. + +R. hardmani +, AUM + +62879, female; B. + +R. collinsae +, MCP + +54757, male; C. + +R. hardmani +, AUM + +62879, male; D. + +R. acuen +, MCP + +40543, male. Arrow points skin fold on first unbranched pelvic-fin ray. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 3 | +Snout shape and sexual dimorphism in + +Rhinotocinclus bristkii +, ZUEC + +16817. +A. +male: head wider at nostril level, nostril larger, internarial narrower, area between nostrils elevated; +B. +female: head narrower at nostril level, nostril smaller, internarial wider, area between nostrils not elevated. Scale bar = 2 mm. + + + +The + +Rhinotocinclus britskii + +Group. Species in this group were all described in + +Parotocinclus + +and are characterized by possessing (1) a normally developed adipose fin ( +Figs. 4A,B +), (2) dark brown oral teeth ( +Fig. 5A +), (3) a Y-shaped light mark from the snout tip to the nostrils ( +Figs. 6A,B +), and (4) a dominant color pattern formed by five dark bars on body (first at the anterior portion of the dorsal fin, usually continuous with a triangular spot at the anterior portion of the dorsal fin and anteriorly inclined, second at posterior portion of dorsal fin, usually not reaching dorsal midline and posteriorly inclined, third from adipose to anal fin, fourth before end of the caudal peduncle, usually connected to the fifth, which is contiguous with a dark blotch at the base of the caudal fin ( +Figs. 7A,B +). Species in this group include + +R. bristskii + +, + +R. eppleyi + +, + +R. kwarup + +, + +R. longirostris + +, + +R. polyochrus + +, + +R. variola + +, + +R. yaka + +, and three new species, which are widely distributed in the Amazon, Orinoco, and coastal rivers of the Guianas. + + +The + +Rhinotocinclus collinsae + +Group. Species in this group were also originally described in + +Parotocinclus + +and are characterized by possessing (1) an adipose fin, which may be coalesced to the dorsal plates and lack a membrane ( +Fig. 4C +), (2) brown oral teeth ( +Fig. 5A +), (3) lack of clearly defined light marks from the snout tip to the nostrils ( +Figs. 6G,H +), (4) absence of a triangular dark spot in the dorsal fin ( +Fig. 8A +) and dark bars 2 and 3 of body fused ( +Fig. 7C +), (5) unicuspid accessory oral teeth on both the premaxilla and dentary ( +Fig. 5A +, arrows), and (5) odontodes on the ventral surface of the pelvic-fin ray aligned with main ray axis and not bent mesially ( +Fig. 9B +). Species in this group include + +R. collinsae + +, + +R. halbothi + +, and + +R. hardmani + +, which are distributed on the Guiana Shield in the coastal rivers of the Guianas and some northern tributaries of the lower Amazon in +Brazil +. + + +The + +Rhinotocinclus bockmanni + +Group. Species in this group were originally described either in + +Parotocinclus + +, + +Hisonotus + +, or + +Curculionichthys + +, and are characterized by having (1) small azygous platelets at the adipose-fin position (except for + +R. hera + +), (2) light yellow oral teeth (except + +R. hera + +, which has light ochre teeth; +Figs. 5B,C +), (3) two separate light lines from the snout tip diverging toward each nostril ( +Figs. 6E,F +), (4) a dominant color pattern formed by four or five dark bars on body, usually connected by a lateral dark stripe of variable intensity ( +Fig. 7D +). Species in this group include + +R. bockmanni + +, + +R. dani + +, + +R. hera + +, + +R. pentakelis + +, and two new species, which are distributed in Amazon tributaries draining the western portion of the Brazilian Shield. + + +The + +Rhinotocinclus chromodontus + +Group. Species in this group were all described in + +Hisonotus + +and are characterized by (1) lacking an adipose fin and small azygous platelets at the adipose-fin position, (2) having brown or light ochre teeth ( +Figs. 5A,B +), (3) a V-shaped light mark from the snout tip to the nostrils ( +Figs. 6C,D +), and (4) a dominant color pattern formed by a dark stripe from the snout tip, passing through the eye and extending to the end of caudal peduncle, the transverse dark bars being inconspicuous laterally ( +Fig. 7E +). Species in this group include + +R. acuen + +, + +R. chromodontus + +, + +R. dinizae + +, + +R. jumaorum + +, which are distributed in the rivers Araguaia, Xingu, Tapajós, and Madeira, all Amazon tributaries draining the Brazilian Shield. + + + + +FIGURE 4 | +Adipose fin of + +Rhinotocinclus + +. + +A. + +R. pilosus + + +n. sp. +, UFRO-ICT 27700, normally developed; B. + +R. britskii +, ZUEC + +16817, normally developed; C. + +R. hardmani +, AUM + +62879, coalesced to dorsal plates. Scale bars = 2 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 5 | +Teeth color of + +Rhinotocinclus + +. A. + +R. collinsae +, MCP + +54757, brown; B. + +R. acuen +, MCP + +40543, ochre; C. + +R. dani +, MCP + +54756, yellow. Arrows point accessory teeth. Scale bars = 500 µ. + + + + +FIGURE 6 | +Snout color pattern of + +Rhinotocinclus + +. Y-shaped, A. + +R. longirostris +, MZUSP + +85786; B. + +R. eppleyi +, MCP + +54750; V-shaped, C. + +R. chromodontus +, MCP + +32660; D. + +R. jumaorum +, MCP + +54758; two separate lines, + +E. + +R. marginalis + + +n. sp. +, MCP 54748; + +F. + +R. loxochelis + + +n. sp. +, MPEG 38957; no light lines, G. + +R. collinsae +, AUM + +62851; H. + +R. hardmani +, AUM + +62850. + + + + +Remarks. +Among the +Hypoptopomatini +, some species of + +Hypoptopoma + +( + +H. brevirostratum +Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 + +, + +H. elongatum +Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 + +, + +H. guianense +Boeseman, 1974 + +, + +H. incognitum +Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 + +, + +H. inexspectatum +(Holmberg 1893) + +, and + +H. steindachneri +Boulenger, 1895 + +) may variably possess a small adipose fin, but their relationships were already demonstrated to be with their congeners and other hypoptopomatin genera (Delapieve +et al +., 2017), and this character bears no phylogenetic signal among the two groups. The adipose fin is also present in most Neoplecostomini, but these are also distantly related to the new genus (Pereira, Reis 2017; Reis +et al +., 2017). The main diagnostic feature of + +Rhinotocinclus + +is the canal cheek plate posteriorly elongated and contacting the cleithrum. A very similar configuration of the cheek plate, however, occurs in a few species of + +Hisonotus + +from southern +Brazil +and +Uruguay +( + +H. megaloplax +Carvalho & Reis, 2009 + +, + +H. montanus +Carvalho & Reis, 2009 + +, + +H. ringueleti +Aquino, Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001 + +, + +H. thayeri +Martins & Langeani, 2016 + +and + +H. vireo +Carvalho & Reis, 2011 + +). Again, this similarity is better interpreted as a convergence as + +Hisonotus + +have been demonstrated not to be directly related to + +Rhinotocinclus + +(Cramer +et al +., 2011; Reis +et al +., 2017; Roxo +et al +., 2019). + + + +Parotocinclus longirostris + +was chosen as type-species for the new genus following Recommendation 69A of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). It is adequately described and illustrated, type-material exists and is readily available at MZUSP, and it is a common and well distributed species in central Amazon. + + + + +Etymology. + +Rhinotocinclus + +masc., from the Greek + +Pniv +q +c + +( +Rhinos +), beak, snout and + +Otocinclus + +, a genus of +Hypoptopomatinae +, in allusion to the conspicuous and elegant snout of most of its species. + + + + +FIGURE 7 | +Lateral color pattern of + +Rhinotocinclus + +. A. + +R. britskii +, MCP + +54760; B. + +R. eppleyi +, MCP + +54750; C. + +R. collinsae +, AUM + +62851; D. + +R. dani +, MCP + +54756; E. + +R. acuen +, MCP + +40543. Numbers 1–5 are dark bars on body. + + + + +FIGURE 8 | +Dorsal-fin color pattern of + +Rhinotocinclus + +. + +A. + +R. + + +collinsae +, AUM 62851; + +B. + +R. yaka + + +, MZUSP 123655; + +C. + +R. variola + + +, MPEG 12431. + + + + +FIGURE 9 | +Odontodes on first pelvic-fin ray of + +Rhinotocinclus + +. A. + +R. acuen +, MCP + +40543, male; odontodes bent and turned mesially; B. + +R. hardmani +, AUM + +62879, male; odontodes aligned with main ray axis. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + + + + +Key to the species of +Rhinotocinclus + + + + + + + +1a. +Adipose fin absent, sometimes small platelets at adipose-fin position ..................14 + + + + +1b. +Adipose fin present, even if spine adnate to dorsal plates, without membrane......2 + + + + + + +2a. +Triangular dark spot on anterior portion of dorsal-fin membrane ( +Figs. 8B,C +); with Y-shaped light mark from snout tip to nostrils ( +Figs. 6A,B +); odontodes on ventral surface of first pelvic-fin ray bent and pointing mesially ( +Fig. 9A +); eye large (25.5–40.5% snout length).......................................... 5 ( + +R. britskii + +group) + + + + +2b. +No triangular dark spot on anterior portion of dorsal-fin membrane ( +Fig. 8A +); no light mark on snout tip ( +Figs. 6G,H +); odontodes on ventral surface of pelvic-fin ray aligned with main ray axis ( +Fig. 9B +); eye small (18.9–24.6% snout length) .......................................3 ( + +R. collinsae + +group) + + + + + + +3a. +Belly covered with middle abdominal plates between lateral abdominal plates ( +Figs. 10A,B +); males with dorsal skin fold on first pelvic-fin ray ( +Fig. 2D +); urogenital papilla normally developed (approximately same size of anal tube; +Fig. 2B +) ......................................................4 + + + + +3b. +Belly naked or almost naked between lateral abdominal plates ( +Fig. 10C +); males without dorsal skin fold on first pelvic-fin ray; urogenital papilla 3–4 times bigger than normal (2–3 times longer than anal tube; +Fig. 2C +)............................. + +R. hardmani + +( +Essequibo +River basin, +Guyana +) + + + + + + +4a. +One irregular series of middle abdominal plates between the lateral abdominal plates ( +Fig. 10B +); adipose fin normally developed ( +Figs. 4A,B +).......................................... + +R. collinsae + +( +Essequibo +River basin, +Guyana +) + + + + +4b. +Four to seven irregular series of middle abdominal plates between the lateral abdominal plates ( +Fig. 10A +); adipose-fin spine coalesced to dorsal plates ( +Fig. 4C +) ............................................................................ + +R. halbothi + +(Rio Trombetas basin, +Brazil +and upper +Marowijne +basin, +Suriname +) + + + + + + +5a. +Snout more acutely pointed ( +Fig. 11B +); dark bars on body wider and closer ( +Fig. 7B +); 2–4 plates between posterior border of rostral plate and nostril ( +Fig. 12A +) ................................................................................................ 7 + + + + +5b. +Snout more broadly rounded ( +Fig. 11A +); dark bars on body narrower and spaced ( +Fig. 7A +); one plate between posterior border of rostral plate and nostril ( +Fig. 12B +) ....................................................................................... 6 + + + + + + +6a. +More numerous premaxillary (28–34, mode 32; +Tab. 1 +) and dentary (27–33, mode 29; +Tab. 2 +) teeth; color pattern with more broken marks, mottled................................................... + +R. kwarup + +(Upper rio Xingu basin, +Brazil +) + + + + +6b. +Fewer premaxillary teeth (15–29, mode 23; +Tab. 1 +) and dentary (15–29, mode 20 and 25; +Tab. 2 +) teeth; color pattern with less broken marks................................................................................................ + +R. britskii + +(Coastal rivers of +Guyana +and +Suriname +; upper rio Branco basin in +Brazil +and +Guyana +; Cuyuni and Caroni rivers, +Venezuela +; lower and middle portions of tributaries to the eastern Amazon basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +7a. +Zero to 2 (rarely 3) irregular series of middle abdominal plates ( +Figs. 10B,C +); four dark bars on body (bars 1+2 or 2+3 fused) ..............................................................................................9 + + + + +7b. +Four or 5 irregular series of middle abdominal plates ( +Fig. 10A +); five dark bars on body ..............................................................................................8 + + + + + + +8a. +Fewer premaxillary (22–30, mode 26; +Tab. 1 +and dentary (21–27, mode 25; +Tab. 2 +) teeth; .............................. + +R. eppleyi + +(Upper Río Orinoco basin, +Venezuela +) + + + + +8b. +More numerous premaxillary (28–36, mode 30; +Tab. 1 +) and dentary (27–31, mode 30; +Tab. 2 +) teeth;........................................ + +R. longirostris + +(Tributaries to central Amazon basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +9a. +One or 2 lateral abdominal plates between pectoral-fin axilla and pelvic-fin.................................................................................................10 + + + + +9b. +Three to 5 lateral abdominal plates between pectoral-fin axilla and pelvic-fin.................................................................................................11 + + + + + + +10a. +Belly naked or almost naked between lateral abdominal plates ( +Fig. 10C +); caudal peduncle shallower (6.3–7.5% SL) ................ + +R. pilosus + +n. sp. +(Rio Madeira basin near Humaitá, +Brazil +) + + + + +10b. +Belly covered with 1–2 series of middle abdominal plates between lateral abdominal plates ( +Fig. 10B +); caudal peduncle deeper (8.1–8.8% SL) .............. + +R. isabelae + +n. sp. +(Río Tigre and Río Nanay, +Loreto +, +Peru +) + + + + + + +11a. +Fewer premaxillary (23–32) and dentary (19–31) teeth........................................13 + + + + +11b. +More numerous premaxillary (33–51) and dentary (33–43) teeth........................12 + + + + + + +12a. +Dark dots smaller than pupil diameter broadly distributed dorsally and ventrally; triangular dark spot on anterior portion of pectoral-fin membrane ( +Fig. 13B +); triangular dark spot occupying more than half of dorsal fin ( +Fig. 8C +) ........................ + +R. variola + +(Western Amazon basin, +Colombia +and +Brazil +) + + + + +12b. +No dark dots smaller than pupil diameter (sometimes darkened sensory pores on head); no triangular dark spot on pectoral-fin ( +Fig. 13A +); triangular dark spot occupying less than half of dorsal fin ( +Fig. 8B +)................................. + +R. yaka + +(Rio Tiquié, Upper rio Negro basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +13a. +Conspicuous light bar in front of dorsal fin, extended on head as Y-shaped mark towards each eye; triangular dark spot of dorsal fin well developed; body dark bars 1+2 fused; caudal peduncle shallower (6.8–7.1% SL); pectoral-fin spine longer (29.2–32.3% SL); orbit smaller (38.9–40.6% interorbital distance) .............................................................................. + +R. polyochrus + +(Río Mawarinuma, Río Orinoco basin at Neblina mountains, +Venezuela +) + + + + +13b. +No light bar in front of dorsal fin and Y-shaped mark on head; triangular dark spot of dorsal fin inconspicuous; body dark bars 2+3 fused; caudal peduncle deeper (7.7–8.6% SL); pectoral-fin spine shorter (24.8–27.3% SL); orbit larger (52.1–63.7% interorbital distance) .................... + +R. discolor + +n. sp. +(Río Orinoco basin in southern +Venezuela +) + + + + + + +14a. +Dominant color pattern formed by dark stripe from snout tip, through eye and extending to end of caudal peduncle ( +Fig. 7E +);V-shaped light mark from snout tip diverging to each nostril ( +Figs. 6C,D +) .................................................................... 20 ( + +R. chromodontus + +group) + + + + +14b. +Dominant color patter formed by four or five dark bars on body ( +Fig. 7D +); two separate light lines from snout tip diverging to each nostril ( +Figs. 6E,F +); ........................................................................ 15 ( + +R. bockmanni + +group) + + + + + + +15a. +No triangular dark spot on anterior portion of dorsal-fin membrane ( +Fig. 8A +); five dark bars on body, variably united by irregular dark stripe ..........................16 + + + + +15b. +Triangular dark spot on anterior portion of dorsal-fin membrane ( +Fig. 8B +); dark bar 2 absent or inconspicuous, bars 1, 3–5 united by thin, regular dark stripe ......................... + +R. bockmanni + +(Middle rio Tapajós basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +16a. +One to 3 azygous platelets at adipose-fin position; tooth cusps light yellow ......17 + + + + +16b. +Azygous platelets absent; tooth cusps ochre................................. + +R. hera + +(Rio Curuá-Una basin, Pará, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +17a. +Dark bars on body regularly arranged, usually connected by irregular midline dark stripe; nasal bone projected laterally and contacting infraorbital 2 .................................................................................18 + + + + +17b. +Dark bars on body somewhat fragmented and inclined, such that they connect to form a zig-zag pattern; nasal bone not contacting infraorbital 2 .................................................................................. + +R. loxochelis + +n. sp. +(Jamanxim National Forest, rio Tapajós basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +18a. +Caudal fin with one slanted dark band at base of rays and irregularly dispersed dark dots; caudal peduncle shallower (8.8–10.1% SL or 22.9–26.3% HL) .......................................................................19 + + + + +18b. +Caudal fin with three slanted dark bands; caudal peduncle deeper (10.1–11.7% SL or 26.6–29.7% HL) ...................................................... + +R. pentakelis + +(Upper rio +Tocantins +basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +19a. +Body dark bars 2 and usually 3 reaching to the ventral midline; more numerous premaxillary teeth (19–28, mode 21; +Tab. 1 +) and dentary (16–22, mode 19; +Tab. 2 +) ........... + +R. dani + +(Rio Teles Pires and rio Jamanxim basins, +Brazil +) + + + + +19b. +Body dark bars barely passing lateral dark stripe; fewer premaxillary teeth (12–18, mode 16; +Tab. 1 +) and dentary (11–16, mode 13; +Tab. 2 +)........................... + +R. marginalis + +n. sp. +(Lower rio Xingu and rio Iriri, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +20a. +Tooth cusp chestnut brown or reddish brown ( +Fig. 5A +); 20–40 premaxillary ( +Tab. 1 +) and 18–34 dentary ( +Tab. 2 +) teeth............................21 + + + + +20b. +Tooth cusp light ochre ( +Fig. 5B +); 17–22 premaxillary ( +Tab. 1 +) and 14–19 dentary ( +Tab. 2 +) teeth ...........................................................................22 + + + + + + +21a. +Caudal fin mostly hyaline, with 2–3 irregular dark bands; dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines with 2–3 dark dots; body narrower (cleithral width 22.4–24.9% SL or 59.4–67.2% HL); pectoral-fin spine shorter (23.3–26.7% SL or 60.8–68.9% HL) ............................. + +R. jumaorum + +(Lower rio Madeira basin, +Brazil +) + + + + +21b. +Caudal fin mostly brown, with hyaline spot on upper and lower lobes; dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines homogeneously dusky; body wider (cleithral width 24.9–27.9% SL or 67.7–76.2% HL); pectoral-fin spine longer (26.7–29.5% SL or 71.4–78.4% HL) ......................... + +R. chromodontus + +(Upper rio Tapajós basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + +22a. +Pectoral-fin spine short (23.1–26.9% SL); head short (37.0–40.0% SL), 4–6 lateral abdominal plates between pectoral-fin axilla and pelvic–fin ................................................... + +R. acuen + +(Upper rio Xingu basin, +Brazil +) + + + + +22b. +Pectoral-fin spine long (28.1–30.0% SL); head long (40.0–41.8% SL); 3–4 lateral abdominal plates between pectoral-fin axilla and pelvic-fin............................................. + +R. dinizae + +(Upper rio Araguaia basin, +Brazil +) + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file