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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.35835" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aea50ad9-93cb-417c-9a2b-556f5223f23a" ID-PMC="PMC6746745" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-874-127" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1C19B450CEFA54A4AAB3EADB6939171A" ID-PubMed="31565021" ID-ZooBank="5723F36AEA4448E3A8F5C8A3FF86F88C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-874-127" checkinTime="1568112310061" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lopes, Celine S. S., Ceriello, Hellen, Morandini, Andre C. &amp; Stampar, Sergio N." docDate="2019" docId="D2A61343A5855194A6177055A4AA4330" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 874: 127-148" docOrigin="ZooKeys 874" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.35835" docTitle="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis Mello-Leitao 1919, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="1C19B450CEFA54A4AAB3EADB6939171A" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="1C19B450CEFA54A4AAB3EADB6939171A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Ceriantheomorphe (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Ceriantharia) with description of a new species from the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1668167778192" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the genus Ceriantheomorphe (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Ceriantharia) with description of a new species from the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lopes, Celine S. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ceriello, Hellen</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Morandini, Andre C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Stampar, Sergio N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>874</mods:number>
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<mods:start>127</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.35835</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.35835</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159413294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2A61343A5855194A6177055A4AA4330" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2A61343A5855194A6177055A4AA4330" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName LSID="D2A61343A5855194A6177055A4AA4330" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1919" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1919" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
, 1919)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="127">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (MNRJ 200). A Specimen inside the tube B specimen without the tube C dissected specimen. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338807" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure1">
Fig. 1
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Cerianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerianthus brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Cerianthus brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
, 1919: 38-39.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B4" refString="Carlgren, O, 1931. On some Ceriantharia. Arkiv foer Zoology 23: 1 - 10" title="On some Ceriantharia." volume="23" year="1931">Carlgren 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 2-6;
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Kungliga Fysiografiska Saellskapets Handlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B5" refString="Carlgren, O, 1940. A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Saellskapets Handlingar 51: 1 - 62" title="A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa." volume="51" year="1940">Carlgren 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 6, 11-12;
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Institute of Marine Science University of Texas" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="141 - 17" refId="B6" refString="Carlgren, O, Hedgpeth, JW, 1952. Actiniaria, Zoantharia and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science University of Texas 2: 141 - 17" title="Actiniaria, Zoantharia and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico." volume="2" year="1952">Carlgren and Hedgpeth 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 148, 169-170;
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: 309;
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: 365-367;
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: 205-209;
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: 3;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2971.1.5" author="Rodriguez, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="49 - 58" refId="B27" refString="Rodriguez, C, Marques, AC, Stampar, SN, Morandini, AC, Christiansen, E, Genzano, G, Mianzan, H, 2011. The taxonomic position of the pelagic 'staurozoan' Tesseragemmaria as a ceriantharian larva. Zootaxa 2971: 49 - 58" title="The taxonomic position of the pelagic ' staurozoan' Tesseragemmaria as a ceriantharian larva." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2971.1.5" volume="2971" year="2011">Rodriguez et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 52, 54-55;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212001078" author="Spier, D" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 4" refId="B30" refString="Spier, D, Stampar, SN, Prantoni, AL, 2012. New record of the endangered cerianthid Ceriantheomorphebrasiliensis (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) in Paranagua Bay, southern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records 5: 1 - 4" title="New record of the endangered cerianthid Ceriantheomorphebrasiliensis (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) in Paranagua Bay, southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212001078" volume="5" year="2012">Spier et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 1-3;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041091" author="Stampar, SN" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" refId="B32" refString="Stampar, SN, Maronna, MM, Morandini, AC, Vermeij, M, Silveira, FL, 2012. . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041091" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041091" year="2012">Stampar et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 5-6, 9;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086612" author="Stampar, SN" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie Marine" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" refId="B33" refString="Stampar, SN, Maronna, MM, Kitahara, MV, Reimer, JD, Morandini, AC, 2014a. . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086612" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086612" year="2014 a">Stampar et al. 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: 2, 5, 8;
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: 344, 347, 351, 353;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414000423" author="Stampar, SN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 5" refId="B34" refString="Stampar, SN, Morandini, AC, 2014. Occurrence of Isarachnanthus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) at Ascension Island: a test of hypothesis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97: 1 - 5" title="Occurrence of Isarachnanthus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) at Ascension Island: a test of hypothesis." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414000423" volume="97" year="2014">Stampar and Morandini 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 2;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.8" author="Vieira, LM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="365 - 374" refId="B40" refString="Vieira, LM, Stampar, SN, 2014. A new Fenestrulina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) commensal with tube-dwelling anemones (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia) in the tropical southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa 3780: 365 - 374" title="A new Fenestrulina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) commensal with tube-dwelling anemones (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia) in the tropical southwestern Atlantic." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.8" volume="3780" year="2014">Vieira and Stampar 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 370;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2747-0" author="Stampar, SN" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="2161 - 2169" refId="B36" refString="Stampar, SN, Morandini, AC, Branco, LC, Silveira, FL, Migotto, AE, 2015. Drifting in the oceans: Isarachnanthusnocturnus (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia, Arachnactidae), an anthozoan with an extended planktonic stage. Marine Biology 162: 2161 - 2169" title="Drifting in the oceans: Isarachnanthusnocturnus (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia, Arachnactidae), an anthozoan with an extended planktonic stage." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2747-0" volume="162" year="2015">Stampar et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 3;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-016-0016-7" author="Gonzalez-Munoz, R" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Gonzalez-Munoz, R, Simoes, N, Guerra-Castro, EJ, Hernandez-Ortiz, C, Carrasquel, G, Mendez, E, Lira, C, Rada, M, Hernandez, I, Pauls, SM, Croquer, A, Cruz-Motta, JJ, 2016. Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Ceriantharia, Zoanthidea) from marine shallow-water environments in Venezuela: new records and an updated inventory. Marine Biodiversity Records 9: 1 - 35" title="Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Ceriantharia, Zoanthidea) from marine shallow-water environments in Venezuela: new records and an updated inventory." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-016-0016-7" volume="9" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Muñoz">Gonzalez-Munoz</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
: 5, 9;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_5" author="Stampar, SN" editor="Goffredo, S" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" refId="B37" refString="Stampar, SN, Maronna, MM, Reimer, JD, Beneti, JS, Morandini, AC, Goffredo, S, Dubinsky, Z, 2016. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_5" title="Springer International Publishing Switzerland" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_5" year="2016">Stampar et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 64, 67, 68.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
(not) -
<bibRefCitation author="Hedgpeth, JW" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="285 - 290" refId="B12" refString="Hedgpeth, JW, 1954. Anthozoa: the anemones. Fisheries Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.) 55: 285 - 290" title="Anthozoa: the anemones. Fisheries Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service (U. S." volume="55" year="1954">Hedgpeth 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 286.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Material examined (16 specimens).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Holotype</emphasis>
: MNRJ 200 • adult individual (16.5 cm long), Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="6" value="-22.818335">22°49'6&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-43.145836">43°8'45&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
leg. (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (MNRJ 200). A Specimen inside the tube B specimen without the tube C dissected specimen. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338807" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure1">
Fig. 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Paratypes</emphasis>
: MZSP 8470 • adult individual (9.3 cm long), Arraial do Cabo (near Farol Island, 18 m depth), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="4" value="-23.001112">23°0'4&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-42.008057">42°0'29&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), S.N. Stampar leg. (20/i/2009); MZSP 8471 • adult individual (24 cm long),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Araçá">Araca</normalizedToken>
Beach (intertidal),
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sebastião">Sebastiao</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-23.81611">23°48'58&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-45.40667">45°24'24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), J.A. Petersen leg. (03/ii/1965); MZSP 8472 • adult individual (16.5 cm long), same locality data as for preceding; MZSP 8473 • juvenile individual, (8.5 cm long), Cagarras Islands (22 m depth), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-23.031944">23°1'55&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-43.199444">43°11'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), S.N. Stampar leg. (15/iv/2009); MZSP 8474 • adult individual (22.2 cm long),
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
Ignacio (27 km from the coast, 38 m depth), Maldonado, Uruguay (
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-35.0">35°00'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="2" value="-54.40056">54°24'2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), F. Scarabino leg. (18/ix/2005); MZSP 8475 • adult individual (14.4 cm long), Canasvieiras Beach,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Florianópolis">Florianopolis</normalizedToken>
(4 m depth), Santa Catarina, Brazil, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-27.425278">27°25'31&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="0.2" value="-48.450058">48°27'0.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), S.N. Stampar leg. (21/i/2009) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dissected specimens of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis from southwestern Atlantic. A Individual UFRJ Biologia 0293 from Camburi (ES) B specimen UFRJ Biologia 0337 from Camburi (ES) C specimen MNHN Montevideo I- 1168 from Punta del Este (Uruguay) D individual from Canasvieiras Beach, Santa Catarina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338808" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
); UFRJ Biologia 0293 • adult individual (17 cm long), Camburi Beach,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-20.2775">20°16'39&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-40.274723">40°16'29&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), (18/viii/1989) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dissected specimens of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis from southwestern Atlantic. A Individual UFRJ Biologia 0293 from Camburi (ES) B specimen UFRJ Biologia 0337 from Camburi (ES) C specimen MNHN Montevideo I- 1168 from Punta del Este (Uruguay) D individual from Canasvieiras Beach, Santa Catarina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338808" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); UFRJ Biologia 0337 • adult individual (16.5 cm long), same data as for preceding, (17/iv/1990) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dissected specimens of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis from southwestern Atlantic. A Individual UFRJ Biologia 0293 from Camburi (ES) B specimen UFRJ Biologia 0337 from Camburi (ES) C specimen MNHN Montevideo I- 1168 from Punta del Este (Uruguay) D individual from Canasvieiras Beach, Santa Catarina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338808" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); UFRJ Biologia 2-141 • adult individual (22 cm long), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, A. Saldanha leg. (1966); UFRJ Biologia 2-086 • damaged adult individual, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (1959); UFRJ Biologia 2-11 • adult individual (10.9 cm long), Zimbro Beach,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sebastião">Sebastiao</normalizedToken>
(4-6 m depth),
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-23.824167">23°49'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="4" value="-45.417778">45°25'4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), E.Q. Cez leg. (04/ix/1967); UFRJ Biologia 2-464 A • damaged individual, (34 m depth), La Paloma, Uruguay, (
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-34.700832">34°42'3''S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="0.5" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-54.008335">54°0.5'W</geoCoordinate>
), Conversut I #4557 exped. (17/ix/77); UFRJ Biologia 2-464 • damaged individual, same data as for preceding specimen; MNRJ 2766 B • adult individual (14.5 cm long), Sabacu Island, Angra dos Reis (6 m depth), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-23.011944">23°0'43&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="7" value="-44.36861">44°22'7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), C.C. Ratto leg. (07/xii/1993); MNHN Montevideo I-1168 • adult individual (11 cm long), Rocha (6 km from the coast, in line of Santa Teresa Fortress, 18 m depth), Punta del Diabo, Uruguay (
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-34.066666">34°04'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.483334">53°29'W</geoCoordinate>
), Navio Hero (3A) exped. (21/vii/1972) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dissected specimens of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis from southwestern Atlantic. A Individual UFRJ Biologia 0293 from Camburi (ES) B specimen UFRJ Biologia 0337 from Camburi (ES) C specimen MNHN Montevideo I- 1168 from Punta del Este (Uruguay) D individual from Canasvieiras Beach, Santa Catarina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338808" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338807" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNRJ 200).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
Specimen inside the tube
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
specimen without the tube
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">C</emphasis>
dissected specimen. Scale bars: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338808" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Dissected specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southwestern Atlantic.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
Individual UFRJ Biologia 0293 from Camburi (ES)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
specimen UFRJ Biologia 0337 from Camburi (ES)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">C</emphasis>
specimen MNHN Montevideo I-1168 from Punta del Este (Uruguay)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">D</emphasis>
individual from Canasvieiras Beach, Santa Catarina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
Large cerianthid, 8.5-24 cm long and 1.5-13.8 cm wide. 132-392 marginal tentacles arranged in (1)1123.1123 and 108-384 labial tentacles arranged in (1)1122.1122 or (1)1123.1123. Pharynx occupies about 8-27% of total body length. Five pairs of protomesenteries, of which two pairs connected to the siphonoglyph, (directives and P2). Gastrovascular cavity takes up to 33-72% of total body length. All fertile mesenteries, except for directives. Number of mesenteries about 170-642. Directives mesenteries longer than protomesenteries P3, P5 and metamesenteries m, except by m of the 2nd and 3rd cycles. Protomesenteries (P2) longer than all mesenteries, extending up to the aboral pore (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mesenteries arrangement of the holotype of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (MNRJ 200). MT Marginal tentacles LT Labial tentacles M and m Metamesenteries B and b Betamesenteries." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338809" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Protomesenteries (P3) shorter than protomesenteries (P4) and longer than protomesenteries (P5) and betamesenteries (B), except by B of the 1st and 2nd cycles. Protomesenteries (P4) longer than directive mesenteries, P5 and metamesenteries (m), except by m of the 2nd and 3rd cycles. Protomesenteries (P5) shorter than all others protomesenteries and metamesenteries M and m. Ratio of 1.2-3.1% between betamesenteries (B
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
b) and 1.1-3.1% between metamesenteries (M
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
m). Directive mesenteries, protomesenteries P3, P4 and P5 occupies about 36.6%, 12.2%, 38.8% and 11.1% of total gastrovascular cavity length, respectively, while protomesenteries P2 extend over 80%. Cnidome composed of spirocysts, microbasic b-mastigophores (six types), atrichous (two types), ptychocysts and holotrichous (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Cnidome of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis. A Microbasic b-mastigophore type I B microba-sic b-mastigophore type II C Microbasic b-mastigophore type III D microbasic b-mastigophore type IV F microbasic b-mastigophore type VI G microbasic b-mastigophore type V H ptychocyst type I I atrichous type I J holotrich K ptychocyst type II. Scale bars: 15 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338811" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure5">
Fig. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–J">A-J</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C870376CF45C096128E50085DBDABB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableUuid="9C870376CF45C096128E50085DBDABB1">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338809" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Mesenteries arrangement of the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNRJ 200).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">MT</emphasis>
Marginal tentacles
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">LT</emphasis>
Labial tentacles
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">M</emphasis>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">m</emphasis>
Metamesenteries
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">b</emphasis>
Betamesenteries.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="9C870376CF45C096128E50085DBDABB1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C870376CF45C096128E50085DBDABB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Table 2.</emphasis>
Measurements of 30 cnida capsules for each cnida type in 6 distinct body regions of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N = 16). Information inside parentheses indicates cnidae length and width, respectively, and information outside parentheses indicates average of cnidae size.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Body part/cnida type</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Marginal tentacles</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
65.56 (50.50-80.63)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
13.13 (7.57-18.69)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
38.23 (27.96-48.5)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.99 (3.13-6.86)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
31.16 (18.36-43.97)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.96 (1.97-5.95)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
16.55 (10.61-22.49)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.10 (2.2-6.01)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
27.87 (18.01-37.73)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.02 (1.6-5.42)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Labial tentacles</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
48.75 (36.89-60.61)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9.11 (5.41-12.82)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
34.93 (25.2-44.66)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.12 (3.65-6.6)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
28.27 (17.20-39.35)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.03 (1.71-6.35)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
24.11 (17.25-30.97)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.73 (1.64-3.83)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
26.10 (15.03-37.18)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.29 (1.79-4.79)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Pharynx</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Atrichous type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
38.33 (26.15-50.52)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.95 (2.68-9.22)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
52.64 (35.56-69.73)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.38 (5.43-11.33)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
44.39 (32.10-56.68)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.09 (3.28-8.91)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
34.97 (21.86-48.09)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.35 (2.13-4.57)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
27.62 (23.37-31.88)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.81 (2.19-3.43)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Column</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Ptychocyst type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
71.99 (56.21-87.77)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
24.41 (13.75-35.08)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Ptychocyst type II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
77.14 (50.15-94.14)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
14.12 (8.86-19.38)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Atrichous type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
48.85 (30.09-67.61)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11.09 (4.41-17.78)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
41.33 (26.47-56.2)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.25 (3.96-8.54)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
28.14 (23.83-32.45)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.12 (2.48-3.76)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type V</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
29.95 (22.51-37.4)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.03 (2.08-3.98)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Holotrichous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
50.95 (30.04-71.86)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
14.88 (7.3-22.46)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Mesenteries M</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
51.58 (35.0-68.17)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10.09 (6.41-13.77)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
22.25 (10.93-33.58)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.76 (2.25-9.28)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
20.03 (13.3-26.77)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.90 (2.91-6.9)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Mesenteries b</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
54.65 (39.57-69.74)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10.44 (7.16-13.73)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
33.69 (24.83-42.56)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.01 (3.32-6.7)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
19.97 (12.1-27.85)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.17 (1.95-6.4)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophore type IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rowspan="1">
19.59 (8.62-30.56)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.06 (2.24-5.89)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
Southwestern Atlantic-Brazil (from the State of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo (20.5°S) to Rio Grande do Sul (33.7°S) State) and Uruguay (34°S). This species was only observed in shallow waters (1-40 m depth).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
(MNRJ 200) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (MNRJ 200). A Specimen inside the tube B specimen without the tube C dissected specimen. Scale bars: 2 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338807" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure1">
Fig. 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
). Large ceriantharian, 16.5 cm long and 7.7-10.4 cm wide. 388 marginal tentacles (4.9 cm long in preserved specimen) and 312 labial tentacles (1.7 cm long in preserved specimen), both disposed in four cycles. Marginal tentacles arrangement: (1)1243.1243.1123.1123
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
, labial tentacles arrangement: (1)1234.1122.1243.1243
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
Small pharynx, 15% of total body length, well-marked siphonoglyph. Five pairs of protomesenteries, two of which connected to the siphonoglyph. Indistinct hyposulcus and hemisulci. With exception of short directives, all mesenteries are fertile. Long protomesenteries P2 extending up to the aboral pore and longer than metamesenteries all mesenteries. Arrangement of mesenteries is M,B,m,b (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mesenteries arrangement of the holotype of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis (MNRJ 200). MT Marginal tentacles LT Labial tentacles M and m Metamesenteries B and b Betamesenteries." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338809" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.35835.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Mesenteric filaments of almost the same length of mesenteries. Craspedonemes only on initial part of gastrovascular cavity. Cnidome composed of spirocysts, microbasic b-mastigophores (two types), atrichous and ptychocyst.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Hyperparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae) reared from dry forest and rain forest caterpillars of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Taeniogonalos_fasciatipennis" authority="(Cameron)" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis (Cameron)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 8 - 10. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, female. 8 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01, lateral view 9 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHH 01, dorsal view 10 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11564" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Figures 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–14" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 11 - 14. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis DHJ 01. 11 Metasoma, lateral view, female 12 Female armature, sternum 2, ventral view 13 Male paramere, lateral view 14 Male genitalia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11565" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="129" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">Trigonalys fasciatipennis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="261 - 276" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222939708680536" refId="B2" refString="Cameron, P, 1897. New species of Hymenoptera from Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (19): 261 - 276, 10.1080/00222939708680536" title="New species of Hymenoptera from Central America." url="10.1080/00222939708680536" volume="6" year="1897">Cameron 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 271.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gundlachii">Taeniogonalos gundlachii</taxonomicName>
(in part):
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B7" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, L, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 67.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
This species is distinguished as follows: vertex black; mandible outer surface black, upper surface yellow, teeth reddish brown; clypeus with large yellow spot on each side; narrow yellow line on gena on hind orbit (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 8 - 10. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, female. 8 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01, lateral view 9 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHH 01, dorsal view 10 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11564" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Figs 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 8 - 10. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, female. 8 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01, lateral view 9 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHH 01, dorsal view 10 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11564" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">10</figureCitation>
); mesoscutellum entirely yellow or with thin medial black stripe; second metasomal tergum with broad posterior transverse band, not extended laterally (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 8 - 10. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, female. 8 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01, lateral view 9 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHH 01, dorsal view 10 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11564" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Figs 8, 10</figureCitation>
). Female armature present, in ventral view with lobes short and with shallow central depression (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–14" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 11 - 14. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis DHJ 01. 11 Metasoma, lateral view, female 12 Female armature, sternum 2, ventral view 13 Male paramere, lateral view 14 Male genitalia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11565" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, posterior and ventral sides perpendicular, not directed downward at apex (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 8 - 10. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, female. 8 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01, lateral view 9 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHH 01, dorsal view 10 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11564" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Figs 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–14" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 11 - 14. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis DHJ 01. 11 Metasoma, lateral view, female 12 Female armature, sternum 2, ventral view 13 Male paramere, lateral view 14 Male genitalia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11565" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">11</figureCitation>
); male genitalia with paramere long, about three-quarters length of gonostipes (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–14" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 11 - 14. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis DHJ 01. 11 Metasoma, lateral view, female 12 Female armature, sternum 2, ventral view 13 Male paramere, lateral view 14 Male genitalia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11565" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); paramere in lateral view with dorsal margin straight (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–14" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 11 - 14. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis DHJ 01. 11 Metasoma, lateral view, female 12 Female armature, sternum 2, ventral view 13 Male paramere, lateral view 14 Male genitalia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11565" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), without slight depression.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="129">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="261 - 276" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222939708680536" refId="B2" refString="Cameron, P, 1897. New species of Hymenoptera from Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (19): 261 - 276, 10.1080/00222939708680536" title="New species of Hymenoptera from Central America." url="10.1080/00222939708680536" volume="6" year="1897">Cameron (1897)</bibRefCitation>
from two Mexican specimens, a female from &quot;Atoyac in Vera Cruz&quot; and a male from &quot;Venta de Zopilote in Guerrero.&quot; The male from the State of Guerrero was chosen as the lectotype by
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B7" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, L, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. This lectotype (BMNH, examined) is morphologically identical to males reared as this species from ACG. It is noteworthy that the region around the type locality in Mexico is ecologically the same kind of tropical dry for
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="130" start="start">est</pageBreakToken>
ecosystem as is the dry forest of ACG and shares a very large number of species of plants and insects with it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
The female syntype (not examined) from Veracruz was treated by
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B7" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, L, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
as the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“same”">&quot;same&quot;</normalizedToken>
as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gundlachii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos gundlachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It may not be the same species as the lectotype, and some of the specimens treated as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B7" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, L, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
are probably the species we here describe as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos woodorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
This and the species from North America and Cuba have long been regarded as the &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">gundlachii</emphasis>
&quot; group, the members of which are distinguished from others by having similar color and the presence of distinctive female armature. However,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from North American
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gundlachii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos gundlachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the female armature and male parameres as described above.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically separable from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos woodorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the former having the female armature present and the male paramere short in relation to the gonostipes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
The DNA barcodes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipenni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos fasciatipenni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sDHJ01 and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DHJ02 are 5.66% divergent from each other in the COI barcode region and both are 9% divergent from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Taeniogonalos woodorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="131" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Mexico and Costa Rica.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="131" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 53, 42 barcoded;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02 15, 13 barcoded. Deposited in USNM, INBio, CNC, BMNH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" type="hosts and biology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Hosts and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">
In the absence of genetic information,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be one morphologically distinctive species that occurs throughout ACG dry forest (85 m to about 1300 m elevation) and does not occur in adjacent ACG rain forest or cloud forest. It is a hyperparasitoid of a wide variety of caterpillar and primary host species (see below). However, DNA barcoding has revealed that this morphologically-distinct species is divided into two distinct mitochondrial types in the ACG dry forest. One, baptized here as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 8 - 10. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, female. 8 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01, lateral view 9 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHH 01, dorsal view 10 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11564" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Figs 8, 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–14" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 11 - 14. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis DHJ 01. 11 Metasoma, lateral view, female 12 Female armature, sternum 2, ventral view 13 Male paramere, lateral view 14 Male genitalia." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11565" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">11-14</figureCitation>
) is an interim name in the inventory website database (http://janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso) and occurs throughout the ACG dry forest (85 to 700 m elevation). The other, interim name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02 (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 8 - 10. Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, female. 8 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01, lateral view 9 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHH 01, dorsal view 10 Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11564" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), has a very distinctive microgeographic distribution. Twelve of the 13 records are from the intermediate elevation southwest facing slope of the volcanic massif of Rincon de la Vieja (325-1276 m elevation in Sector Mundo Nuevo of ACG). The single other rearing record (two individuals from tachinid fly puparia from the same caterpillar) is from a site that is an ecogeographic analogue in biota, elevation, and climate to the Sector Mundo Nuevo site (600 m on the southwest facing slope of Volcan Cacao in Sector Cacao of ACG).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 is probably the same as the lectotype from western (dry forest) Mexico, but since there is no present way to know for certain, both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02 have to be treated as interim names, and are therefore not italicized (and see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">
In general terms,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 conspicuously ranges from the driest parts of ACG dry forest to its intermediate-elevation intersection with cloud forest and rain forest, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02 is restricted to the upper, cooler, moister portion of this range. To emphasize the cooler and moister aspect of this very small range, there is even a single specimen (DHJPAR0016846) of the rain forest specialist,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos woodorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the very center of the range of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02. While
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 has not been found in the Sector Mundo Nuevo exact site occupied by
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02, and thus they are parapatric,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 is absolutely sympatric with the single record of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DHJ02 on the southwestern slopes of Volcan Cacao.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">
This situation creates two different taxonomic problems. First, since the two apparent ACG species within what appears morphologically to be
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently cannot be distinguished by any morphological trait, there is no way to know which of the two matches the lectotype from the State of Guerrero, Mexico. It is also possible that neither does. Second, the presence of two sympatric/parapatric species of &quot;
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; in the small area of ACG raises the spectre that this species of wasp may be a complex of sibling (cryptic) species. In contrast to parallel cases with extremely host-specific
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1862" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" phylum="? arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="12359 - 12364" publicationUrl="10.1073/pnas.0805319105" refId="B30" refString="Smith, MA, Rodriguez, JJ, Whitfield, JB, Deans, AR, Janzen, DH, Hallwachs, W, Hebert, PDN, 2008. Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology, and collections. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 12359 - 12364, 10.1073/pnas.0805319105" title="Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology, and collections." url="10.1073/pnas.0805319105" volume="105" year="2008">Smith et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="132" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="4967 - 4972" publicationUrl="10.1073/pnas.0700050104" refId="B29" refString="Smith, MA, Wood, DM, Janzen, DH, Hallwachs, W, Hebert, PDN, 2007. DNA barcodes affirm that 16 species of apparently generalist tropical parasitoid flies (Diptera, Tachinidae) are not all generalists. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 4967 - 4972, 10.1073/pnas.0700050104" title="DNA barcodes affirm that 16 species of apparently generalist tropical parasitoid flies (Diptera, Tachinidae) are not all generalists." url="10.1073/pnas.0700050104" volume="104" year="2007">Smith et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), the unambiguously generalist host-selection and/or larval-survival ability of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
excludes the use of host records as a way to verify or predict the presence of cryptic species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
If
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02 were not distinctive by barcode from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A neighbor-joining tree (NJ) built using Kimura 2 Parameter distance and including 201 sequenced trigonalid specimens from the ACG and North America that have COI sequence greater than 200 bp. Note the divergence between the ACG Taeniogonalos and the North American specimens - and within the dry forest Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 01 and Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ 02 - all are clearly differentiated by mitochondrial DNA." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11561" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), it would not have been noticed.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02 have the same extremely varied lists of caterpillar and primary parasitoid hosts. In brief,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 has been reared and barcoded 48 times from nine
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lepidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
families:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1855" class="Hexapoda" family="Megalopygidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megalopygidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Papilionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Papilionidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Saturniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Sphingidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Hexapoda" family="Uraniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uraniidae</taxonomicName>
. While 53 more specimens of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been raised, until (and if) those specimens are successfully barcoded, we cannot categorize them as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
In all cases, the primary parasitoid host was
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Acantholespesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Acantholespesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Belvosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Belvosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Blepharipa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Blepharipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Calolydella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Calolydella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Carcelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Carcelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Chetogena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Chetogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1863" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Drino" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Drino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Eucelatoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Eucelatoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Hemisturmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Houghia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Houghia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hyphantrophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Hyphantrophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Leschenaultia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Leschenaultia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lespesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Lespesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Patelloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Patelloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Winthemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Winthemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Zizyphomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Zizyphomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If we add to this the other specimens of &quot;
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; that were not successfully barcoded but occupy the ACG ecosystem occupied by
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ01 a few more
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lepidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
families and tachinid genera are added to these lists, as well as three large-bodied genera in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Enicospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pedinopelte" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Pedinopelte</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Trogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Trogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Taeniogonalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fasciatipennisDHJ02 has been reared 13 times from parasitoids of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" class="Hexapoda" family="Notodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" class="Hexapoda" family="Riodinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodinidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Saturniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Sphingidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
. The primary host genera are
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Blepharipa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Blepharipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1863" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Drino" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Drino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Houghia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Houghia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lespesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Lespesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Patelloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Patelloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Enicospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="? arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1862" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Macrocentrinae">Macrocentrinae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>