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data/D2/41/03/D24103FFB1CA082500050DDA789E8806.xml Normal file
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.146.1885" ID-GBIF-Dataset="568fd416-e462-4f41-9610-237963bbb32b" ID-PMC="PMC3233705" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-146-19" ID-PubMed="22207788" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-146-19" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 146" ModsDocTitle="Protura of Italy, with a key to species and their distribution" checkinTime="1451249694973" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Galli, Loris, Capurro, Matteo &amp; Torti, Carlo" docDate="2011" docId="D24103FFB1CA082500050DDA789E8806" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 146: 19-67" docOrigin="ZooKeys 146" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.146.1885" docTitle="Acerentulus confinis Berlese 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFFBFF828668FF9CFFA6FFAD0A7C2373" masterDocTitle="Protura of Italy, with a key to species and their distribution" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668152592331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Protura of Italy, with a key to species and their distribution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Galli, Loris</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Capurro, Matteo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Torti, Carlo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>146</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>19</mods:start>
<mods:end>67</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.146.1885</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.146.1885</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-146-19</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24103FFB1CA082500050DDA789E8806" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24103FFB1CA082500050DDA789E8806" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Acerentulus_confinis" authority="Berlese, 1908" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1908" class="Entognatha" family="Acerentomidae" genus="Acerentulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acerentulus confinis" order="Protura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">Acerentulus confinis (Berlese, 1908)</taxonomicName>
Fig. 5
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">104 ♂♂, 187 ♀♀, 5 PI, 24 MJ.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="type area">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Type area.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Tuscany, Florence.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
Recorded from nearly all Europe (with exception of Scandinavia), North Africa, North America and Australia. Most of the older data are dubious and should be confirmed (
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Szeptycki 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Acerentomidae" genus="Acerentulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acerentulus confinis" order="Protura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">Acerentulus confinis</taxonomicName>
: collecting sites in Italy (blue dots: data from literature; red dots: samples personally analyzed by the authors; LT = type area).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
Bibliographic data from Berlese (1908),
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Nosek (1973)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Fratello, B" journalOrPublisher="Di Modena" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" pagination="203 - 212" title="Le ghiandole urotergali dei Proturi (Insecta Apterygota). Atti Soc. Nat. Mat." volume="106" year="1975">Fratello and Gioia (1975)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="AA5E23335FD2F7A61591E2D57C940A82" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.292251" ID-ISBN="3-7643-0527-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="292251" checkinTime="1646762469890" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Hess, Hans Ernst, Landolt, Elias &amp; Hirzel, Rosmarie" docDate="1976" docId="D2410D642B51F02F9F7D4D615039AC4D" docLanguage="de" docName="leguminosae.xml" docOrigin="Birkhaeuser Verlag" docSource="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.292251" docTitle="Vicia lathyroides L." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="593" masterDocId="9E36E43BB456EC79BA31D9B77EE756A3" masterDocTitle="Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 2. Nymphaceae bis Primulaceae (2 nd edition) (p. 956): Leguminosae" pageNumber="593" updateTime="1669217207402" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:title id="C3E08C769E862574F4EEF65B4E1D09C1">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 2. Nymphaceae bis Primulaceae (2 nd edition) (p. 956): Leguminosae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7ECE0310AE58325818242745783F59ED">Hess, Hans Ernst</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9D6B976F6D0EDDC33E149913D706EBD4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="383121AC87A5E6D522B483A80BB27205">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0AED97F2AA36593E96B3F4FCFB60FC5E">Landolt, Elias</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2954E30A96B966D0DF5E5894B1970219" type="personal">
<mods:role id="361466CFDA0E5629F08017D285247D71">
<mods:roleTerm id="09E38B8D94349CC683FE09E7B9FFD13E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D3CFABCE73C480C794015B1E9772FC1D">Hirzel, Rosmarie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1B5F4F18D25B2000A5D60238EB318C78">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo id="11B9636303A7FA1C5783C96A4968C217">
<mods:dateIssued id="0ACFD97A9FC35DA6752018E36B922FB9">1976</mods:dateIssued>
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</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="0CBD9C43C0AD572EC18292F26D7CDEA3">
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</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier id="7BB87B8327BB16578893936FED96C805" type="ISBN">3-7643-0527-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D2410D642B51F02F9F7D4D615039AC4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2410D642B51F02F9F7D4D615039AC4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2410D642B51F02F9F7D4D615039AC4D" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="null" pageNumber="593" sec="leguminosae.s259">
<title id="C764450BA2DC43778C216EC2EDA117DB" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">
<subSubSection id="A41939D310BB7EA916632D0B46A451E6" pageId="null" pageNumber="593" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7E30028110D7B29B93F1AD4E1874A459" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">
<taxonomicName id="7D15ED7C8F148E53619F5F2B50234048" authority="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="null" pageNumber="593" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lathyroides">
Vicia
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<authorityName id="352A392AFA9E04D89485F9C6A3CFBAD8" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">L.</authorityName>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99B1095130E80663535ABA06D34941EC" pageId="null" pageNumber="593" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="FA60CADEEA3A39BF4B02C91410A0F83A" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Platterbsen-Wicke</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</title>
<subSubSection id="4642A4F03DA5A77EFF026330C5C63D1D" pageId="null" pageNumber="593" type="description">
<paragraph id="F453ACE63FC428A883BD90D1E16E4B3B" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">
1-2
<normalizedToken id="F66BB4DA68CE20EC4A1F02F1BF7FCCFA" originalValue="jährig" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">jaehrig</normalizedToken>
; 5-25 cm hoch. Stengel niederliegend oder bogig aufsteigend, am Grunde meist verzweigt, zerstreut behaart.
<emphasis id="0622345235F6FB968BEF8F3B0BCFA004" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">
<normalizedToken id="76ED68045E5817F5CCAD150E01074DB6" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
mit 4-6
<normalizedToken id="33DABFD400F3F63AD1F0F2AC06BFE68C" originalValue="Teilblättern" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Teilblaettern</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
und
<normalizedToken id="3285B46AA661E1E40D9C18043B32DED9" originalValue="endständiger" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">endstaendiger</normalizedToken>
, grannenartiger Spitze oder Ranke (bei obern
<normalizedToken id="704F2802CE500B44B37532E1E6254357" originalValue="Blättern" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Blaettern</normalizedToken>
);
<normalizedToken id="81E0885F05EDFDBD9AD266822BD91C78" originalValue="Teilblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Teilblaetter</normalizedToken>
0,5-1,5 cm lang und
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(untere
<normalizedToken id="238536C8CABE9D70545595FE4301DC37" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
)-6mal (obere
<normalizedToken id="A10215634B5C68370C34B06F6146708F" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
) so lang wie breit, zerstreut behaart;
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schmal,
<normalizedToken id="3BE0A6EE3457007853D2766DF47BD2DF" originalValue="¼-½" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">1/4-1/2</normalizedToken>
so lang wie die untern
<normalizedToken id="A43CD2D44348DAA2787DB73060A7E8B0" originalValue="Teilblätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Teilblaetter</normalizedToken>
, am Grunde mit einem abstehenden Zipfel, sonst ganzrandig, ohne
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.
<normalizedToken id="082E3774079EFABC934CA904889F0E1B" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Blueten</normalizedToken>
zu 1-2 in den Blattachseln, fast ungestielt, aufrecht abstehend. Kelch zerstreut behaart;
<normalizedToken id="ACB39D4EDA1AD64C4B2DE774677CD4BC" originalValue="Kelchzähne" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Kelchzaehne</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9FAC6929A79F32EB07846D3DEE940B5F" originalValue="±" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">+/-</normalizedToken>
gleichartig,
<normalizedToken id="13018BBA1A9350C20D7525B13692F749" originalValue="¾" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">3/4</normalizedToken>
bis fast so lang wie die
<normalizedToken id="418C5C0D7FB712F135A22407FB9B8295" originalValue="Kelchröhre" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Kelchroehre</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="0AE1FF0C4978DF94366A819471102CE3" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Krone 0,6-0,7 cm lang</emphasis>
, violett (selten
<normalizedToken id="D8F87EC2DC99D28DDE9E83DA308B046E" originalValue="weiß" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">weiss</normalizedToken>
). Frucht abstehend, flach, 2-3 cm lang und
<emphasis id="D8A398F37241B870AE29AA0895A4C224" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">0,3-0,4 cm breit</emphasis>
, meist kahl, 5-10samig. Samen 1-2 mm lang. -
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:
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<normalizedToken id="F04790983C3B1A0B544F4C94C13653AB" originalValue="Frühling" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Fruehling</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80CB5B24EF1F1FF0E50FBC903805B63D" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="9936D948E680F86B6CCCB7CDEADE0D6D" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="5D3756966D08214A04A071666BA76AED" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">12:</emphasis>
Material unbekannter Herkunft (Heitz 1931b), aus Skandinavien (
<normalizedToken id="24B5E04542B7E09BEEF25390D4C3F017" originalValue="Löve" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Loeve</normalizedToken>
und
<normalizedToken id="61B2FF699EF55317BD76BE902B13EC80" originalValue="Löve" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Loeve</normalizedToken>
1944b), aus Ungarn (Baksay 1954), aus der Slowakei (
<normalizedToken id="2B72E488E011FAFD953CD64BFB69D9F3" originalValue="Činčura" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Cincura</normalizedToken>
1963), aus Holland (Gadella und Kliphuis 1966).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="005D2A8FB09DC74E8EE584A6C99C7ADC" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="533939A74064D79C28479D4BD082307B" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Standort.</emphasis>
Kollin. Trockene, lockere, meist kalkarme, sandige
<normalizedToken id="A3B13C706BF8D4E45BF95D81637A366C" originalValue="Böden" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Boeden</normalizedToken>
in warmen Lagen. Nicht geschlossene, trockene Rasen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35488C9F530794163AAB592AFB55D153" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="F32C7606EB01DB55D13F441C99BDA6D2" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Verbreitung. Mediterrane Pflanze:</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="B28E318390B78F05BDFAED5FB77664F8" originalValue="Nordwärts" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Nordwaerts</normalizedToken>
vereinzelt bis Irland,
<normalizedToken id="D068035F79034033164B3011630B97E3" originalValue="Südschweden" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Suedschweden</normalizedToken>
, Lettland, Karpaten, Krim;
<normalizedToken id="1ADF7B10259611F425FF93ED8ECD0C41" originalValue="Südwestasien" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Suedwestasien</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="11AAEC80B0872FBC1FE7D5C1CE3265E3" originalValue="ostwärts" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">ostwaerts</normalizedToken>
bis Kaukasus); Nordwestafrika. Verbreitungskarte von Meusel et al. (1965). - Im Gebiet: Oberrheinische Tiefebene, Bodenseegebiet (Sipplingen),
<normalizedToken id="CC205D25D63E9AD50F2D9644EBF7A199" originalValue="Dép" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Dep</normalizedToken>
. Ain, westliches Savoyen,
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bei Genf, Wallis, Aostatal,
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<normalizedToken id="D6405C2915DEA1A8903D1924926EB825" originalValue="Täler" pageId="null" pageNumber="593">Taeler</normalizedToken>
, Vintschgau; selten.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

62
data/D2/41/10/D241106019CCB24E52C2B8A8419059F5.xml Normal file
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<mods:date id="5768A037A8D37B9939317D55814C2694">2017</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="E1CDC662A935AB61A4EE1738F9B0B07E" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">
<taxonomicName id="4301DD426DEDADA9BFB61FB91B756F07" ID-CoL="3JD7G" authority="Morawitz, 1876" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halictus (Placidohalictus) fuscicollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicollis" subGenus="Placidohalictus">Halictus (Placidohalictus) fuscicollis Morawitz, 1876</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="E395492ABB5D90E07BEFABC3FFEC8557" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3355D7CC7C17AD41BBB12FB8B97AD113" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Middle East to central Asia (Turkestan).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F7D8C4A4C7F595E5CC2DB19BBE6D7376" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">New record for Xinjiang Uyghur of China.</paragraph>
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113
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Genus
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species
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(Chopard, 1926)
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Meena, Swaminathan &amp; Gorochov
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<emphasis id="689C40622B45645303AC31AEFEF7F843" bold="true" box="[151,276,1970,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Body of medium size, dark brown in colour with long dark brown hair and smaller yellowish hair; head globular, small, transverse (wider than long); distinctly ornamented with 4 yellow triangular markings joined at the vertex analogous to the 4-cups of an anemometer; face brown in colour with six yellow spots; last segment of the maxillary palpi securiform; antennae brown, interspaced with yellow bands; pronotum transverse, wider than long with hairs; metanotal glands present and glandular hairs wanting; tegmina short in both sexes, reaching beyond the 3
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abdominal tergite, overlap strongly, rounded at the apex; stridulatory apparatus present; hindwings absent in both the sexes; the legs are brown with hair; fore tibiae posses oval shaped internal tympanum, while the external tympanum is absent; a special feature of this genus includes two small tympanum-like (eardrums) on the internal side of fore femur of both sexes that are of almost equal size and shape; hind femur thicker and longer than hind tibiae; base of the tarsal segments have yellowish stripes on all legs.
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Male genitalia of this genus has a triangularly shaped subgenital plate with an almost acute apex; significantly differing from other genera of the tribe
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in having the guiding rod of the epiphallus much longer, extending beyond the distal part of the epiphallus with its apical part shaped like an arrow. Morphologically, the female genitalia look similar to the females of the genus,
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<emphasis id="689C40622B46645001F9343FFCDFFDB3" box="[706,828,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Luzaropsis</emphasis>
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; supra anal plate is almost the same as in the male, but with very few hairs; subgenital plate is wider than long with a postero-median notch; ovipositor is longer than femur and tibiae of hind leg; the dorsal valves with a distinct dorsal notch and pointed spine; a ventral concavity before apex and also present a row of hairs; the copulatory papilla is ovoid, almost egg shaped.
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Key to the genera of the tribe
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1. Tegmina and the hind wings both well developed.......................................
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2. Hind wings as small lateral lobules; subgenital plate large, slightly concave and notched hind part; the epiphallus with two Hshaped sclerites..................................................................
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3. Head distinctly ornamented with 4 triangular shaped markings; anterior inner part of the fore femora with a pair of tympana-like (eardrums) openings and the basal tarsal segment with yellow stripes in both the sexes; subgenital plate triangular, V-shaped...............................................................................
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- Head without any ornament, fore femora and basal tarsal segments not as mentioned above; the subgenital plate square to rectangular in shape with or without a notch...............................................
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[Plates: I (a, b) &amp;
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&amp;
<specimenCount id="4CEE57F92B46645002CA355FFDF5FCD2" box="[497,534,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
):
<materialsCitation id="EA80962D2B4664500117355FFF19FC0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015141304" collectingDate="2015-10-23" collectingMethod="from the non-cropped area by net" country="India" county="Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture" elevation="1200" latitude="9.680556" location="Reference Chamber of Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.86667" municipality="College of Agriculture" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingCountry id="22FFDCE02B4664500117355FFD8BFCD2" box="[556,616,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="982C52922B4664500148355FFD23FCD2" box="[627,704,835,861]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, Idukki, Vagamon heights,
<date id="2E56BAB02B46645000CB355EFB81FCD2" box="[1008,1122,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" value="2015-10-23">
<collectingDate id="3E1243582B46645000CB355EFB81FCD2" box="[1008,1122,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" value="2015-10-23">23.x.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3FDCFAB72B4664500756355FFB1CFCD2" box="[1133,1279,834,861]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" precision="15" seconds="50" value="9.680556">9° 40’ 50’’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3FDCFAB72B4664500631355FFA74FCD2" box="[1290,1431,834,861]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" precision="15" seconds="0" value="76.86667">76° 52’ 0’’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="9D1031952B46645003AC357BFF11FC0E" box="[151,242,871,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="D1C57B432B46645003AC357BFF11FC0E" box="[151,242,871,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="EA80962D2B466450023A357BFC7AFC0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015141301" box="[257,921,871,897]" collectingDate="2015-10-23" collectingMethod="from the non-cropped area by net" collectorName="R. Nagar" country="India" county="Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture" elevation="1200" latitude="9.680556" location="Reference Chamber of Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.86667" municipality="College of Agriculture" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3">
<collectingMethod id="83A9E4672B466450023A357BFD97FC0E" box="[257,628,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">from the non-cropped area by net</collectingMethod>
sweep, coll.
<collectorName id="F71DF9A62B466450003D357BFC89FC0E" box="[774,874,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">R. Nagar</collectorName>
(3);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="EA80962D2B466450009B357BFA7EFC0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015141303" box="[928,1437,871,897]" collectingDate="2015-10-23" collectingMethod="from the non-cropped area by net" collectorName="R. Swaminathan" country="India" county="Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture" elevation="1200" latitude="9.680556" location="Reference Chamber of Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.86667" municipality="College of Agriculture" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
from same location, coll.
<collectorName id="F71DF9A62B4664500787357BFA96FC0E" box="[1212,1397,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">R. Swaminathan</collectorName>
(1)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="EA80962D2B46645003AC3597FE4BFC2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015141302" box="[151,424,907,933]" collectingDate="2015-10-23" collectingMethod="from the non-cropped area by net" collectionCode="R, T" collectorName="T. Swaminathan" country="India" county="Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture" elevation="1200" latitude="9.680556" location="Reference Chamber of Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.86667" municipality="College of Agriculture" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
and
<collectorName id="F71DF9A62B46645003FE3597FE9AFC2A" box="[197,377,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">T. Swaminathan</collectorName>
(1).
</materialsCitation>
The
<typeStatus id="855322D22B46645002E43597FDECFC2A" box="[479,527,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">type</typeStatus>
specimens are deposited in the
<location id="5F37CAAB2B46645000553597FF24FC46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2412D662B46645403AC34E6FB34FBF2:5F37CAAB2B46645000553597FF24FC46" country="India" county="Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture" latitude="9.680556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.86667" municipality="College of Agriculture" name="Reference Chamber of Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Kerala">
Reference Chamber of
<emphasis id="689C40622B466450074B3597FF24FC46" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya</emphasis>
</location>
(Kushwaha Insect Museum),
<location id="5F37CAAB2B466450012135B3FCB2FC46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2412D662B46645403AC34E6FB34FBF2:5F37CAAB2B466450012135B3FCB2FC46" box="[538,849,943,969]" country="India" county="Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture" latitude="9.680556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.86667" municipality="College of Agriculture" name="Department of Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Kerala">Department of Entomology</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="982C52922B466450006735B3FC29FC46" box="[860,970,943,969]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33060A2B46645000E935B3FB31FC46" box="[978,1234,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">College of Agriculture</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="B336E4FC2B46645007E635B3FE51FC62" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture</collectingCounty>
&amp;
<collectorName id="F71DF9A62B46645002EE35CFFDB9FC62" box="[469,602,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Technology</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="F71DF9A62B466450015E35CFFD20FC62" box="[613,707,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Udaipur</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="22FFDCE02B46645001F535CFFCC2FC62" box="[718,801,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F2CFFB2B46645403FC35EAFB0DFBD6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A579C702B46645003FC35EAFAEAF836" blockId="2.[151,1437,834,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="689C40622B46645003FC35EAFE45FB9E" bold="true" box="[199,422,1014,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Description: Male.</emphasis>
Body is medium sized (15.0 –
<quantity id="9D1031952B466450003835EAFC95FB9E" box="[771,886,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="17.25">17.25 mm</quantity>
) dark brown in colour with long dark brown hair and smaller yellowish hair. Head globular, rather small, wider (
<quantity id="9D1031952B46645000673206FC1FFBBA" box="[860,1020,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="3.375" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.25">3.25–3.50mm</quantity>
) than long (
<quantity id="9D1031952B46645007B93206FAC7FBBA" box="[1154,1316,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.375" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="2.375" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.25">2.25–2.50mm</quantity>
), narrower than the pronotum in front, vertex with ornamental shape, yellowish to brown colour, frontal rostrum as wide as the first joint of antennae; face brown with 6 yellowish spots, two above the clypeus, one pair on each side of the genae, which is sometimes less visible; ocelli are arranged in a triangle that appear yellow in colour with minor difference in size; the frontal ocellus is oval and smaller than the laterals; eyes are large and latero-dorsally placed with yellow stripes behind. The 1
<superScript id="AD9D31382B466450012232D3FDC7FB52" attach="left" box="[537,548,1231,1245]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">st</superScript>
and 2
<superScript id="AD9D31382B466450015732D2FD9FFB53" attach="left" box="[620,636,1230,1244]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">nd</superScript>
segment of the maxillary palpi are very small; the 3
<superScript id="AD9D31382B46645007E732D2FB09FB53" attach="none" box="[1244,1258,1230,1244]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">rd</superScript>
, 4
<superScript id="AD9D31382B466450063332D2FAF6FB53" attach="none" box="[1288,1301,1230,1244]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">th</superScript>
, and 5
<superScript id="AD9D31382B466450065F32D2FA92FB53" attach="left" box="[1380,1393,1230,1244]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">th</superScript>
are more or less equal in length, the 5
<superScript id="AD9D31382B466450012432EEFDCFFA8F" attach="left" box="[543,556,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">th</superScript>
one is very much dilated at apex and securiform. Antennae are brown, interspaced with yellow bands on the entire length of the antennae. Pronotum is significantly wider (4.0–
<quantity id="9D1031952B46645007C5330AFABEFABE" box="[1278,1373,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.50mm</quantity>
) than long (2.75–3.0mm) with hairs; the anterior and posterior margins straight, the pronotum disk reddish brown with a median sulcus with small brown spots. Metanotal glands present on the metanotum, but devoid of glandular hairs. Tegmina short (4.0–
<quantity id="9D1031952B4664500243339EFE3AFA12" box="[376,473,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.50mm</quantity>
), longer than wide in both sexes, slightly longer than the 3
<superScript id="AD9D31382B4664500759339EFB93FA1F" attach="left" box="[1122,1136,1410,1424]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">rd</superScript>
abdominal tergite; overlap strongly, rounded at the apex, with a few cells quadrangular in shape; the chordal, basal and apical area are conspicuous with two longitudinal veins clearly visible at the forewing angle; in place of a mirror diagonal veins are present; the area between
<emphasis id="689C40622B466450028133F3FE32F987" box="[442,465,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">M</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="689C40622B466450013C33F3FDCBF986" box="[519,552,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Cu</emphasis>
veins close before the apex; at the forewing angle, in between
<emphasis id="689C40622B46645007D333F3FB1AF987" box="[1256,1273,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">R</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="689C40622B466450060B33F3FAA4F987" box="[1328,1351,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">M</emphasis>
veins a yellowish brown stripe can be observed; the lateral field has 4 parallel, feebly curved veins; the lateral filed is wide basally and narrowed at the distal fourth. The tegmina are with stridulatory apparatus having about 33 teeth on the left and about 26 on the right; the right and left tegmina have more or less similar features. Hindwings are absent in both the sexes. Legs are brown colour with hair; the fore- and middle legs are of medium length; fore tibiae posses’ oval shaped internal tympanum, while the external tympanum is absent. On the internal side of fore femur of both sexes two small tympanum-like (eardrums) can be observed that are of almost equal size and shape. The hind femur is significantly longer (11.25–13.0mm) than hind tibiae (10.0–11.0mm) and thick; the dorsal aspect of the hind tibiae are armed with four pairs of subapical spurs, serrulated at base and between them; the inner apical area of hind tibiae have three (3) spurs, of which two are longer; and, the outer apical area has three (3) spurs with the middle one longer. Metatarsus is longer than the other segments, with small denticles; the apical parts have two spurs with the inner one being longer than outer. Base of the tarsal segments have yellowish stripes on all legs. The abdomen is reddish-brown with a silky pubescence. Cerci are long, dark brown in colour with small to long hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A579C702B47645103AC3157FE03F824" blockId="3.[151,1437,1867,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="689C40622B47645103AC3157FEC7F8EC" bold="true" box="[151,292,1867,1892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="416">PLATE I (a).</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DE8E7F32B47645102113157FD31F8EC" authority="(Chopard, 1926)" authorityName="Meena &amp; Swaminathan &amp; Nagar" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[298,722,1867,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Paraluzaropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
<emphasis id="689C40622B47645102113157FDC6F8EC" box="[298,549,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="416">Paraluzaropsis mjobergi</emphasis>
(Chopard, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="4CEE57F92B47645101E33150FD08F8EC" box="[728,747,1868,1891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="416" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(1–9): 1. Habitus; 2. Head, front view; 3. Pronotum, lateral view; 4. Metanotal gland; 5. Tegmina, dorsal view (a. stridulatory file); 6. Tegmina, lateral view; 7. Abdominal apex; 8. Supra anal plate (a. close-up); 9. Subgenital plate
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A579C702B40645603AC3149FD70F855" blockId="4.[151,1436,1877,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="689C40622B40645603AC3149FEC5F8E2" bold="true" box="[151,294,1877,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="417">PLATE I (b).</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DE8E7F32B4064560216314AFD35F8E1" authority="(Chopard, 1926)" authorityName="Meena &amp; Swaminathan &amp; Nagar" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[301,726,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Paraluzaropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
<emphasis id="689C40622B4064560216314AFDCBF8E1" box="[301,552,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="417">Paraluzaropsis mjobergi</emphasis>
(Chopard, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="4CEE57F92B40645601E6314AFD13F8E2" box="[733,752,1878,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="417" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(10–16): 10–12. View of genitalia: 10 &amp;11. Dorsal (10 a. close-up, 10 b. distal parts of epiphallus); 12. Ventral (a. guiding rod, b. apical parts);
<specimenCount id="4CEE57F92B40645600953166FC22F81E" box="[942,961,1914,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="417" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(13–17): 13. Habitus; 14. Supra anal plate (a. close-up); 15. Subgenital plate; 16. Ovipositor (a. row of spines on apex); 17. Median valve of the ovipositor; 18–20. Copulatory papilla views: 18. Dorsal; 19. Ventral; 20. Lateral.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0E97CCF82B41645703AC318BFCA1F85B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4418802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4418802/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="418" startId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[205,1377,191,1909]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="5A579C702B41645703AC318BFCA1F85B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="689C40622B41645703AC318BFEF7F820" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DE8E7F32B41645702273184FD2BF83F" authority="(Chopard, 1926)" authorityName="Meena &amp; Swaminathan &amp; Nagar" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Chopard" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[284,712,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Paraluzaropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
<emphasis id="689C40622B41645702273184FDFBF83F" box="[284,536,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="418">Paraluzaropsis mjobergi</emphasis>
(Chopard, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
♂ (1–5): 1. Maxillary palpus; 2. Fore femur (inner side); 3. Fore tibia (tympanum inner side); 4-5. Hind tibia: 4. Inner side; 5. Outer side.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A579C702B42645403FC368BFD57FD41" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="689C40622B42645403FC368BFE90FF3F" bold="true" box="[199,371,150,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: Supra anal plate almost quadrate in shape, anterior half margin with some dark brown spots, posterior side or in middle of anal plate with small hairs and distal part of supra anal plate with thick margins bearing bunch of small to long setae in latero-apical corners. Subgenital plate is almost triangular or V-shape, length and width more or less equal, apex feebly rounded, anterior half is semitransparent but posterior half is brown with hairs. Phallus is significantly longer than wide, sclerotised with well-developed all parts dorsally and ventrally. Epiphallus is wider than long, dorso-lateral areas are wider, epiphallus distinctly raged in middle, distal part of epiphallus is dark brown or black colour, before apex curved, apex narrower without emargination or notch, lateral side of distal part of epiphallus with serrated and whitish hairs. Proximal part of epiphallus very less curved, with feebly narrow hook-shaped prominences at sides with rounded apex. Epiphallus is with well developed ramus, closely attached to epiphallus. Ventrally, rachis (= guiding rod) is well developed with different parts
<emphasis id="689C40622B426454077037C7FB89FE7B" box="[1099,1130,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">viz</emphasis>
. Virga, sacculus, valva and semitubus. Apical part of rachis, after base of endoparameral apodeme is less sclerotized and shape look-like as an anterior part of arrow with feebly curved downward; rachis is free-from any attachment. Endoparameral apodeme well developed, which is closely attached to ventral side and distal part of epiphallus by membrane. Anterior part of endoparameral apodeme is sinuated, pointed and nearly up to the ramus. Ectoparameres and endoparamere are less developed; apical part of endoparamere is rounded in shape and not spinose. The phallus has a developed formula (
<emphasis id="689C40622B426454039A34AFFF4AFD43" box="[161,169,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">i</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="689C40622B426454039434AFFF58FD43" box="[175,187,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">e</emphasis>
., mould of spermatophore attachment plate).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A579C702B42645403FC34CBFB0DFBD6" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="689C40622B42645403FC34CBFEFDFD7E" bold="true" box="[199,286,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Female</emphasis>
: the morphological measurements (morphometrics) are almost the same as in males except for the following differences: body being slightly longer (17.0–18.0mm) than male; ornamentation on vertex is less visible as the colour of head and pronotum is dark brown. Tegmina (3.5–4.0mm) reaches the end of the 3
<superScript id="AD9D31382B426454078D3502FB27FCA3" attach="left" box="[1206,1220,798,812]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">rd</superScript>
tergite of abdomen and the tegmina do not overlap; at the forewing angle, in between
<emphasis id="689C40622B4264540056355FFC9DFCD3" box="[877,894,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">R</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="689C40622B4264540089355FFC2AFCD3" box="[946,969,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">M</emphasis>
the yellowish brown stripe is wanting; the dorsal area is with 7 longitudinal veins and lateral field with 3 or 4 parallel, feebly curved veins. Supra anal plate is almost the same as in the male, but with very few hairs. Subgenital plate is transverse with a distinct postero-median notch. Ovipositor is significantly longer (15.0–
<quantity id="9D1031952B426454019535B2FCF9FC46" box="[686,794,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="15.25">15.25mm</quantity>
) than femur (13.0mm) and tibiae (12.0mm) of hind leg; dorsal valves have a distinctive dorsal notch and pointed spine; a ventral concavity before apex and also present a row of hairs. The copulatory papilla appears almost egg-shaped when viewed from the dorsal and ventral side; when viewed laterally, appears like the fore finger apex; the median valve of the ovipositor has an acuminate leaf-like appearance when held gently pressed under a glass slide, but gets rolled up and united when released.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F2CFFB2B42645403FC327EFB34FBF2" box="[199,1239,1122,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A579C702B42645403FC327EFB34FBF2" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1149]" box="[199,1239,1122,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="689C40622B42645403FC327EFEBAFBF3" bold="true" box="[199,345,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="22FFDCE02B4264540253327FFE47FBF2" box="[360,420,1123,1149]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="982C52922B426454028B327FFE1EFBF2" box="[432,509,1123,1149]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, Idukki; Asia-Tropical,
<collectingCountry id="22FFDCE02B426454003C327FFC93FBF2" box="[775,880,1123,1149]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Borneo,
<collectingCountry id="22FFDCE02B42645400E7327FFBDCFBF2" box="[988,1087,1123,1149]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="419">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, Mt. Matang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

186
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3bbe66a-aeeb-43a5-ac78-6648765c8060" ID-PMC="PMC5126387" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-628-1" ID-PubMed="27917037" ID-ZBK="2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-628-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 628" ModsDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" checkinTime="1477975617303" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Nieukerken, Erik J., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Nishida, Kenji &amp; Snyers, Chris" docDate="2016" docId="D241699FD3B42A3962BB732531EF9C28" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 628: 1-63" docOrigin="ZooKeys 628" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" docTitle="Neotrifurcula van Nieukerken, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E1E59003-CB86-45C0-B41A-E3E03BEF56FA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="296BFFD9FF96495C2E58A0247558FFE0" masterDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1668163655911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>van Nieukerken, Erik J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number>628</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127895157" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E1E59003-CB86-45C0-B41A-E3E03BEF56FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D241699FD3B42A3962BB732531EF9C28" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Nepticulidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E1E59003-CB86-45C0-B41A-E3E03BEF56FA" authority="van Nieukerken" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula van Nieukerken</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="29" pageNumber="30">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
van Nieukerken sp. n. by present designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
can be recognised by the hindwing venation with trifurcate Rs+M, and a very long and separate CuA in forewing, collar with hairscales, in the genitalia male phallus with a long curved flagellum-like appendix; female with reticulate signa and complex vaginal sclerite.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaucolepis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glaucolepis</taxonomicName>
has a similar venation, but usually a velvet patch of special scales on hindwing and three pairs of anal tufts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Adult (Figs 97-99). Medial to large nepticulid moths, forewing length 2.7-4.8 mm, largest over 10 mm wingspan. Head with collar comprising piliform scales; antenna with 42-58 segments in male (n=4), 47 in female (n=1). Forewing with distinct or less distinct fascia, sometimes metallic, no subdorsal retinaculum in male. Hindwing in male with costal bristles, no androconial scales observed. Venation (Fig. 95): very complete, with closed cell, R+Rs+M with 6 terminal branches: R, Rs1+2, Rs3, Rs4, M1 and M2, CuA separate and long, approaching Rs+M; A thickened; Hindwing broad, with 5 veins, Rs+M trifurculate: Rs, M1, M2. Abdomen: anterior part of sternum 2 with two lobes on posterior margin (Fig. 96). Tergum 8 with distinct anal tufts, tergum 3-7 with lateral groups of many setae and scales.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Figure 95-96.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
gen. n., sp.n., male. 95 venation, veins labelled, slide EvN4703 96 Abdominal segment 2, showing 2A, slide EvN4703. Scale bars: 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Figures 97-99.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
gen. n., adult habitus. 97
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
, holotype male 98
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
, male, RMNH.INS.23627 99
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
specimen EvN4504, female, RMNH.INS.24504. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Male genitalia. (Figs 100-104). Vinculum ring shaped, fused with tegumen; ventral plate expanded, not bilobed. Uncus Y shaped. Gnathos with large triangular central element. Valva elongate to triangular, transtilla without transverse bar, sublateral processes distinct. Juxta V-shaped. Phallus long, gradually tapering caudally; a peculiar long curved process at left side; vesica with small group of several cornuti.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Figures 100-103.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia. 100-102 holotype, various levels of focus 103 Phallus separate, lateral view, slide EvN4703. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Figure 104.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
, phallus and juxta (top left), ventral view, holotype. Scale: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Female genitalia (Figs 107-110). T9 a pair of setose anal papillae; T8 rounded, with a few setae. Anterior apophyses, slightly longer than posterior ones. Vestibulum with sclerotisation; corpus bursae with a pair of reticulate signa. Ductus spermathecae with 3.5 convolutions.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Hostplant and immature stages unknown. Adults collected in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
forests from November to January.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chile and Argentina, southern parts at low and medial altitudes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="composition">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Next to the type species, we include two unnamed species, for one of which we only have one female that was sequenced, another one only one worn male on loan from Copenhagen (ZMUC). We find the DNA barcode distance too large to include the female in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
and the male is much smaller and shows some differences in the genitalia. According to Jonas Rimantas Stonis (personal communication) there is a group of several closely related species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
in Patagonia, estimated to comprise at least five species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
, a noun, a combination of the prefix neo-, new, here derived from Neotropics, and the Latin noun
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Trifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trifurcula</taxonomicName>
(= a three-pronged fork), another nepticulid genus with a 3-forked Rs+M in the hindwing. The name is to be treated as feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The anterior sclerite of sternum 2 (S2A) has anterior apodemes similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
Stainton, 1859. The venation also has several similarities to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
, although the latter seems more reduced by the fusing of CuA with Rs+M and the reduction of the closed cell. This supports the possible sistergroup relationship to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra</taxonomicName>
that we found in our molecular analyses (
<bibRefCitation author="Doorenweerd, C" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" title="Systematic Entomology" url="10.1111/syen.12212" year="2016">Doorenweerd et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Overall the species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
resemble
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaucolepis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glaucolepis</taxonomicName>
in several ways: the venation is almost identical, the transverse bar of transtilla is absent, but
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
does not have the male &quot;velvet patch&quot;, the phallotrema spines. The flagellum-like appendix of the phallus is a remarkable character of as yet unknown function. This character requires further detailed morphological study. It is likely an apomorphy for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F6D3DB81-67B2-467D-8D05-28DB4F9D651C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Phasianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Aves" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Gallinae">Phasianus pictus</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
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P. crista flava, pectore coccineo, remigibus secundariis caeruleis.
<emphasis italics="true">Amoen. acad.</emphasis>
1.
<emphasis italics="true">p.</emphasis>
282.
<emphasis italics="true">t.</emphasis>
13.
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Phasianus variis coloribus splendidus.
<emphasis italics="true">Edw. av.</emphasis>
68.
<emphasis italics="true">t.</emphasis>
68. &amp;
<emphasis italics="true">t.</emphasis>
69.
<emphasis italics="true">f.</emphasis>
2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="158">
Phasianus ruber, e china.
<emphasis italics="true">Alb. av.</emphasis>
3.
<emphasis italics="true">p.</emphasis>
34.
<emphasis italics="true">t.</emphasis>
30.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageNumber="158">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
China.
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<mods:title id="375F59BFC48404D80452C4AE69BAF212">Revision of Tinospora (Menispermaceae - Chasmantheroideae - Burasaieae) in Singapore</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="700F7DEF1A33361A56147F8C7144A503">Turner, I. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9FEB99E88FB720B09A8C6B49A9F848DB">Singapore Botanical Liaison Officer, Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, U. K. &amp; Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B28852EDBD52216856D686B87EE1B408">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217314322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFDDFB2E60C4AF982" box="[549,1039,1223,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFDDFB2E60C4AF982" blockId="8.[549,1039,1223,1320]" box="[549,1039,1223,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFDDFB2E60C4AF982" box="[549,1039,1223,1250]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2701FFDDFDDFB2E60BE8F982" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[549,941,1223,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFDDFB2E60B61F981" bold="true" box="[549,804,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52701FFDDFC4EB2E90C4AF982" box="[948,1039,1224,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFDBDB2CB0B09F848" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFDBDB2CB0BA8F864" blockId="8.[549,1039,1223,1320]" box="[583,1005,1258,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77329783-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFD1DB32F0B09F848" blockId="8.[549,1039,1223,1320]" box="[743,844,1293,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<figureCitation id="C2D32A592701FFDDFD1DB32F0B09F848" box="[743,844,1293,1320]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[189,232,1710,1736]" captionStartId-1="10.[189,232,1051,1077]" captionStartId-2="10.[189,232,1956,1982]" captionTargetBox-0="[277,1312,266,1651]" captionTargetBox-1="[230,1353,265,991]" captionTargetBox-2="[230,1353,1198,1897]" captionTargetId-0="figure-162@9.[262,1326,257,1663]" captionTargetId-1="figure-36@10.[227,1356,265,994]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@10.[228,1356,1195,1900]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Tinospora singapura I.M.Turner sp. nov. A. Habit of female plant. B. Detail of stem and petiole surface at * in A. C. Leaf base abaxial view, note absence of domatia. D. Abaxial leaf surface centrally. E. Detail of fascicle of flowers on female inflorescence. F. Open flower, side view, with developing flower bud to left. G. Flower in F after removal of two inner sepals to reveal petals and the three carpels. H, I. Inner sepals, abaxial view. J. Petal, abaxial view. K. Flower in G after removal of petal to reveal staminode. L. Drupe in dry state. M. Endocarp. N. Endocarp after splitting with seed removed. Drawn by Andrew Brown. Graduated single bar = 2 mm and 5 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 2 cm and 5 cm. Material used: Lua et al. SING 2016-152 (SING) (A–E); Lua et al. SING 2016-154 (SING) (F–N)." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Plant of Tinospora singapura I.M.Turner sp. nov. in Singapore showing stems and abundant aerial roots. Photo: Reuben Lim." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Fallen fruits and endocarps of Tinospora singapura I.M.Turner sp. nov., with the seed germinating in one case. Photo: Reuben Lim." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088451" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088453" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088455" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10088451/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10088453/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10088455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFF47B36E0941FB62" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B36E0973F809" blockId="8.[189,310,1359,1385]" box="[189,310,1359,1385]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFF47B36E0973F809" bold="true" box="[189,310,1359,1385]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B36E0973F809" bold="true" box="[189,310,1359,1385]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B35F0941FB62" blockId="8.[189,1399,1406,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2701FFDDFEC3B35F0A5BF8F8" authority="Becc." authorityName="Becc." box="[313,542,1406,1432]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFEC3B35F0990F8F7" box="[313,469,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">T. sumatrana</emphasis>
Becc.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2701FFDDFDADB35F0B41F8F7" box="[599,772,1406,1431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFDADB35F0B41F8F7" box="[599,772,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">T. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in having leaves with the base rounded to cuneate, rather than cordate, and 3-nerved, rather than 5-nerved, with no glandular patches in the axils of those main nerves adaxially, and the fruit endocarp being densely verruculose rather than with scattered warts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFF47B0080ABFFBF4" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B0080901FB23" blockId="8.[189,324,1577,1603]" box="[189,324,1577,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFF47B0080901FB23" bold="true" box="[189,324,1577,1603]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B0080901FB23" bold="true" box="[189,324,1577,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B0760ABFFBF4" blockId="8.[189,1399,1623,1685]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
The specific epithet consists of the Malay name for
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2701FFDDFCC0B0760BF1FB11" box="[826,948,1623,1649]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, the
<typeStatus id="8553887E2701FFDDFC0BB0790C61FB12" box="[1009,1060,1624,1650]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species. The epithet should be treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFF47B09D0A16FAB3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B09D09EFFBB6" blockId="8.[189,426,1724,1750]" box="[189,426,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFF47B09D09EFFBB6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1724,1750]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B09D09EFFBB6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF10B0CA0962FA65" blockId="8.[189,1398,1771,1868]" box="[234,295,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF10B0CA0962FA65" bold="true" box="[234,295,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Type</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B12F0D7BFA2B" blockId="8.[189,1398,1771,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C812701FFDDFF47B12F0D72FA2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967306" collectingDate="2016-09-15" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.K. Lua &amp; R. Lim" country="Singapore" location="Jalan Kampong Chantek to Bukit Tinggi Road" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="SING0253451, SING0253452" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2701FFDDFF47B12F0927FA48" box="[189,354,1806,1832]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="5F3760072701FFDDFE80B12F0ADCFA48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD:5F3760072701FFDDFE80B12F0ADCFA48" box="[378,665,1806,1832]" country="Singapore" county="Lim" municipality="Bukit Tinggi Road" name="Jalan Kampong Chantek" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Jalan Kampong Chantek</location>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA62701FFDDFD44B12F0BDFFA48" box="[702,922,1806,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Bukit Tinggi Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="2E56101C2701FFDDFC5CB12C0C07FA47" box="[934,1090,1805,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F42701FFDDFC5CB12C0C07FA47" box="[934,1090,1805,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">15 Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFBB7B12F096AFA2B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFBB7B12F0C23FA47" box="[1101,1126,1806,1831]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB90B12F0CC4FA47" box="[1130,1153,1806,1831]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Lua &amp;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB25B12F0CB1FA47" box="[1247,1268,1806,1831]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectingCounty id="B3364E502701FFDDFAFAB12F0D6BFA47" box="[1280,1326,1806,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Lim</collectingCounty>
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFACFB12F096AFA2B" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING 2016-152</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<typeStatus id="8553887E2701FFDDFEC4B11009E0FA2B" box="[318,421,1841,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFE56B11009B7FA2C" box="[428,498,1841,1868]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFE03B1100AEDFA2C" box="[505,680,1841,1868]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING0253451</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFD4EB1100B27FA2C" box="[692,866,1841,1868]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING0253452</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="4CEEFD552701FFDDFC94B1100C4AFA2B" box="[878,1039,1841,1867]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
mounted on two sheets]
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF10B1530919FAEC" blockId="8.[189,1398,1906,2003]" box="[234,348,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF10B1530919FAEC" bold="true" box="[234,348,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<typeStatus id="8553887E2701FFDDFF10B1530919FAEC" box="[234,348,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B1B70A16FAB3" blockId="8.[189,1398,1906,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C812701FFDDFF47B1B70A09FAB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967316" collectingDate="2016-09-15" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.K. Lua &amp; R. Lim" country="Singapore" location="Jalan Kampong Chantek to Bukit Tinggi Road" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="SING0251968" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2701FFDDFF47B1B70927FAD0" box="[189,354,1942,1968]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="5F3760072701FFDDFE80B1B40ADCFACF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD:5F3760072701FFDDFE80B1B40ADCFACF" box="[378,665,1941,1968]" country="Singapore" municipality="Bukit Tinggi Road" name="Jalan Kampong Chantek" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Jalan Kampong Chantek</location>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA62701FFDDFD44B1B40BDFFACF" box="[702,922,1941,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Bukit Tinggi Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="2E56101C2701FFDDFC5CB1B40C07FACF" box="[934,1090,1941,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F42701FFDDFC5CB1B40C07FACF" box="[934,1090,1941,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">15 Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFBB7B1B7096BFAB2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFBB7B1B70C23FACF" box="[1101,1126,1942,1967]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB90B1B70CC4FACF" box="[1130,1153,1942,1967]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Lua &amp;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB25B1B70CB1FACF" box="[1247,1268,1942,1967]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">R</collectionCode>
. Lim
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFACFB1B7096BFAB2" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING 2016-154</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFEC4B19909C2FAB3" box="[318,391,1976,2003]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFE74B1990A01FAB3" box="[398,580,1976,2003]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING0251968</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0E9766542700FFDCFF47B08F0929FA82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088451/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" startId="9.[189,232,1710,1736]" targetBox="[277,1312,266,1651]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2700FFDCFF47B08F0929FA82" blockId="9.[189,1399,1710,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFF47B08F094EFBA9" bold="true" box="[189,267,1710,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2700FFDCFEE8B08E0AD6FBA9" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[274,659,1711,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFEE8B08E0A4FFBA8" box="[274,522,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52700FFDCFD60B08E0AB1FBA9" box="[666,756,1711,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFD01B08F0B5DFBA8" bold="true" box="[763,792,1710,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">A.</emphasis>
Habit of female plant.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFBDCB08E0C04FBA9" bold="true" box="[1062,1089,1711,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">B.</emphasis>
Detail of stem and petiole surface at * in A.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFE6EB0F309F4FB8C" bold="true" box="[404,433,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">C.</emphasis>
Leaf base abaxial view, note absence of domatia.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFC0DB0F30C51FB8C" bold="true" box="[1015,1044,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">D.</emphasis>
Abaxial leaf surface centrally.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFF47B0D4089DFA6F" bold="true" box="[189,216,1781,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">E.</emphasis>
Detail of fascicle of flowers on female inflorescence.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFC97B0D40BC6FA6F" bold="true" box="[877,899,1781,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">F.</emphasis>
Open flower, side view, with developing flower bud to left.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFE69B13909F4FA52" bold="true" box="[403,433,1816,1842]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">G.</emphasis>
Flower in F after removal of two inner sepals to reveal petals and the three carpels.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFF47B11D08B3FA36" bold="true" box="[189,246,1852,1878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">H, I.</emphasis>
Inner sepals, abaxial view.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFDC5B11D0A10FA36" bold="true" box="[575,597,1852,1878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">J.</emphasis>
Petal, abaxial view.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFCB0B11D0B2CFA36" bold="true" box="[842,873,1852,1878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">K.</emphasis>
Flower in G after removal of petal to reveal staminode.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFEBFB17E0925FA19" bold="true" box="[325,352,1887,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">L.</emphasis>
Drupe in dry state.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFDB6B17E0A2BFA19" bold="true" box="[588,622,1887,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">M.</emphasis>
Endocarp.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFD0CB17E0B56FA19" bold="true" box="[758,787,1887,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">N.</emphasis>
Endocarp after splitting with seed removed. Drawn by Andrew Brown. Graduated single bar = 2 mm and 5 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 2 cm and 5 cm. Material used:
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFDBDB1870B3BFADF" box="[583,894,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2700FFDCFDBDB1870A30FADF" authorityName="SING" authorityYear="2015" box="[583,629,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Lua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" phylum="Acritarcha" rank="genus">Lua</taxonomicName>
et al. SING 2016-152
</emphasis>
(SING) (A–E);
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFBBAB1870D33FADF" box="[1088,1398,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2700FFDCFBBAB1870C2BFADF" authorityName="SING" authorityYear="2015" box="[1088,1134,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Lua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" phylum="Acritarcha" rank="genus">Lua</taxonomicName>
et al. SING 2016-154
</emphasis>
(SING) (F–N).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0E9766542703FFDFFF47B23A0A79F938" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088453/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" startId="10.[189,232,1051,1077]" targetBox="[230,1353,265,991]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2703FFDFFF47B23A0A79F938" blockId="10.[189,1399,1051,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFF47B23A094BF955" bold="true" box="[189,270,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Plant of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2703FFDFFE7BB23D0B4DF956" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[385,776,1052,1078]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFE7BB23D0A39F955" box="[385,636,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52703FFDFFCE8B23D0B35F956" box="[786,880,1052,1078]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Singapore showing stems and abundant aerial roots. Photo: Reuben Lim.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0E9766542703FFDFFF47B1850A7EFA81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088455/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" startId="10.[189,232,1956,1982]" targetBox="[230,1353,1198,1897]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2703FFDFFF47B1850A7EFA81" blockId="10.[189,1399,1956,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFF47B185094CFADE" bold="true" box="[189,265,1956,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Fallen fruits and endocarps of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2703FFDFFD92B1840BA1FADF" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[616,996,1957,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFD92B1840B1BFADE" box="[616,862,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52703FFDFFC13B1840C01FADF" box="[1001,1092,1957,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with the seed germinating in one case. Photo: Reuben Lim.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="12F265572702FFDEFF47B72909F7FE8E" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B729090BFC42" blockId="11.[189,334,264,290]" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
<heading id="011F81B02702FFDEFF47B729090BFC42" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B729090BFC42" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B71609F7FE8E" blockId="11.[189,1399,311,1006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
Woody climber with abundant descending aerial roots.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFCA4B7190BE7FC31" box="[862,930,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Twigs</emphasis>
drying red-brown or brown, glabrous, shiny, irregularly longitudinally wrinkled, wrinkles narrow and quite sharp-edged with scattered raised pale lenticels, and leaf scars as raised, slightly concave, discs.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFC6AB75F0BA4FCF7" box="[912,993,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Leaves</emphasis>
chartaceous, glabrous, drying pale grey­brown, not peltate, 3­nerved at base, domatia absent, main nerves more or less flush above in dry leaves, raised beneath; lamina ovate to narrowly elliptic, 5–13 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFC44B7E50C00FCBE" box="[958,1093,452,479]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5.5 cm</quantity>
, base rounded to cuneate, apex acuminate, reticulations visible from both surfaces; petiole
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFC49B7C60C61FF62" box="[947,1060,487,514]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.0">2–4.5 cm</quantity>
, ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFBAAB7C60CD1FF62" box="[1104,1172,487,514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide at midlength, drying yellow­brown, finely and uniformly longitudinally striate, not notably swollen at ends when dry.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B40C09ECFF27" box="[189,425,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Male inflorescences</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFE12B40C0A78FF27" box="[488,573,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">flowers</emphasis>
unknown.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFD3FB40C0B88FF27" box="[709,973,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Female inflorescences</emphasis>
from axils of fallen leaves, mostly solitary, main axis
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFE61B4700A4AFF0B" box="[411,527,593,619]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="13.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="10.0">10–16 cm</quantity>
long, ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD81B4700AFAFF0B" box="[635,703,593,619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide at base, glabrous, drying brown, finely longitudinally striate, slightly zig-zag, bearing on short lateral protruberences regularly spaced fascicles of 3–4 subsessile flowers or very reduced branches bearing 2–3 flowers.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFC32B4B60C38FFD1" box="[968,1149,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Female flowers</emphasis>
sessile to subsessile, sepals 3 + 3, outer sepals ovate, ca 0.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD75B49B0AAEFFB5" box="[655,747,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, drying brown, glabrous, minutely verruculose-papillate outside, inner sepals ovate, ca 1.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD91B4FF0AF6FF98" box="[619,691,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, drying dark brown, minutely verruculose-papillate outside, apical margin minutely ciliate, carpels 3, clavate, ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFCD5B5200B30FE7B" box="[815,885,769,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFC3BB5210C58FE7B" box="[961,1053,768,795]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide distally, drying yellow, stigma sessile.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFE8CB50409FBFE5E" box="[374,446,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fruits</emphasis>
ovoid, 4.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD96B5050AEFFE5E" box="[620,682,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
smooth, ripening orange­yellow, fleshy, drying brown and coarsely wrinkled with surface shiny and minutely rugulose, pericarp ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFBDCB5660C29FE02" box="[1062,1132,839,866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
thick, yellow in vivo, mesocarp thin and translucent; endocarp white, 3–3.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFCBCB54B0BDDFEE5" box="[838,920,874,901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
, prominent narrow basal keel, very slight ventral groove, dorsal and lateral surfaces with a dense and more or less uniform covering of small, short conical warts, endocarp wall thin but quite stiff, splitting longitudinally from ventral groove and along middle of basal keel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572702FFDEFF47B2340AFEF93E" box="[189,699,1045,1118]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2340913F94F" blockId="11.[189,342,1045,1071]" box="[189,342,1045,1071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
<heading id="011F81B02702FFDEFF47B2340913F94F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1045,1071]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B2340913F94F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1045,1071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2650AFEF93E" blockId="11.[189,699,1092,1118]" box="[189,699,1092,1118]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
The species is only known from
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2702FFDEFDC6B2650AF2F93E" box="[572,695,1092,1118]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572702FFDEFF47B2A40D4CF8FD" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2A40946F9FF" blockId="11.[189,259,1157,1183]" box="[189,259,1157,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
<heading id="011F81B02702FFDEFF47B2A40946F9FF" bold="true" box="[189,259,1157,1183]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B2A40946F9FF" bold="true" box="[189,259,1157,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2950A30F874" blockId="11.[189,1398,1204,1301]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
The leaves and endocarps of the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2702FFDEFDB3B2950A85F9AE" box="[585,704,1204,1230]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
specimens are very distinctive and not readily confusable with any other known species of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2702FFDEFDB9B2F90AFEF991" box="[579,699,1240,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFDB9B2F90AFEF991" box="[579,699,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Tinospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The stems and female flowers are typical for the genus, so there is no doubt about its placement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B31D0D4CF8FD" blockId="11.[189,1399,1340,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
Why a species in a much-collected locality as
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2702FFDEFD18B31D0B1CF836" box="[738,857,1340,1366]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
should escape detection until now is a matter for speculation. A possibility is that the plant or population at the Kampong Chantek site represents a relict of cultivation of a species brought from some distant place, perhaps Sumatra or Borneo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF47B4D40AD3FE6F" blockId="1.[189,662,757,783]" box="[189,662,757,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<heading id="011F81B02708FFD4FF47B4D40AD3FE6F" bold="true" box="[189,662,757,783]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FF47B4D40AD3FE6F" bold="true" box="[189,662,757,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
Key to
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FEEDB4D409D6FE6F" ID-CoL="7X5B" authority="Miers" authorityName="Miers" box="[279,403,757,783]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FEEDB4D409D6FE6F" bold="true" box="[279,403,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Tinospora</emphasis>
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species in
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2708FFD4FDEDB4D40AD3FE6F" box="[535,662,757,783]" name="Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Singapore</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF47B5050D32FE5D" blockId="1.[189,1399,803,865]" box="[189,1399,803,830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="E11995E92708FFD4FF47B5050D32FE5D" box="[189,1399,803,830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
1. Old stems densely tuberculate ......................................................
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FC1FB5050C08FE5D" box="[997,1101,803,830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FC1FB5050C08FE5D" bold="true" box="[997,1101,803,830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">T. crispa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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.) Hook.f. &amp; Thomson
</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="E11995E92708FFD4FF3BB5660D32FE01" box="[193,1399,839,865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">– Old stems with tubercles rare or absent............................................................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E11C2E792708FFD4FF47B5A90D32F96C" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF47B5A90D32FEA6" blockId="1.[189,1399,904,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="E11995E92708FFD4FF47B5A90D32FEA6" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
2. Leaves with pit domatia in axils of main nerves below; flowers distinctly pedicellate ...................... ..........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FBFCB58D0D50FEA6" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[1030,1301,939,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krispura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FBFCB58D0CC9FEA6" bold="true" box="[1030,1164,939,966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">T. krispura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52708FFD4FAE6B58D0D32FEA6" box="[1308,1399,940,966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF3BB5EE0D32F96C" blockId="1.[189,1399,904,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="E11995E92708FFD4FF3BB5EE0D32F96C" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">– Leaves with glandular patches or not in axils of main nerves below, pit domatia absent; flowers subsessile................................................................................................................................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E11C2E792708FFD4FF47B2120D32F9D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF47B2120D33F910" blockId="1.[189,1399,1075,1207]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="E11995E92708FFD4FF47B2120D33F910" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
3. Leaves with glandular patches in the axils of main nerves below; endocarps with distinct ventral groove and scattered tubercles...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FB7AB2760D33F910" authority="Diels" authorityName="Diels" box="[1152,1398,1110,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FB7AB2760D75F911" bold="true" box="[1152,1328,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">T. macrocarpa</emphasis>
Diels
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF3BB25B0D32F9D7" blockId="1.[189,1399,1075,1207]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<keyLead id="E11995E92708FFD4FF3BB25B0D32F9D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
– Leaves not with glandular patches in axils of main nerves below; endocarps with indistinct ventral groove and densely verruculose......................................................
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FC08B2BC0D50F9D7" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[1010,1301,1181,1207]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FC08B2BC0CC9F9D7" bold="true" box="[1010,1164,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">T. singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52708FFD4FAE6B2BC0D32F9D7" box="[1308,1399,1181,1207]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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</key>
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<subSubSection id="12F265572708FFD4FF47B2FF0CDBF82A" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" type="discussion">
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<heading id="011F81B02708FFD4FF47B2FF08BDF998" bold="true" box="[189,248,1246,1272]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FF47B2FF08BDF998" bold="true" box="[189,248,1246,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Note</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF47B32C0CDBF82A" blockId="1.[189,1398,1293,1354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FF47B32C0A6BF847" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[189,558,1293,1319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krispura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FF47B32C09E6F847" box="[189,419,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Tinospora krispura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52708FFD4FDCDB32C0AD1F847" box="[567,660,1293,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only known from male plants,
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FBD1B32C0D09F847" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[1067,1356,1293,1319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FBD1B32C0C84F846" box="[1067,1217,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">T. singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52708FFD4FAAFB32C08AAF82A" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
only from female plants and female flowers of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FCE6B3100B8FF82A" box="[796,970,1329,1354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FCE6B3100B8FF82A" box="[796,970,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">T. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain unknown.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FDE4B3500C50F8EB" ID-CoL="573P7" authority="(L.) Hook.f. &amp; Thomson" authorityName="Hook. f. &amp; Thomson" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[542,1045,1393,1419]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FDE4B3500AA9F8EB" bold="true" box="[542,748,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Tinospora crispa</emphasis>
(L.) Hook.f. &amp; Thomson
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<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FF47B3F70AA9F891" author="Hooker &amp; Thomson" box="[189,748,1494,1521]" journal="Flora Indica" page="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" volume="1" year="1855">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FF47B3F70916F890" box="[189,339,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Flora Indica</emphasis>
1: 183 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FE4BB3F70AA6F891" author="Hooker J. D. &amp; Thomson T." box="[433,739,1494,1521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" refId="ref5920" refString="Hooker J. D. &amp; Thomson T. 1855. Flora Indica. Vol. 1. W. Pamplin, London." type="book" year="1855">Hooker &amp; Thomson 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FCF6B3F60A30FB73" author="Linnaeus" journal="Species Plantarum" page="1468" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" year="1763">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FCF6B3F60C78F891" ID-CoL="3ZQVF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[780,1085,1495,1521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Menispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispum">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FCF6B3F60C5EF890" box="[780,1051,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Menispermum crispum</emphasis>
L.
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,
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FBB0B3F70D6DF890" box="[1098,1320,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
, ed. 2: 1468 (
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), basionym
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FD62B3DB0B12FB56" author="Lamarck" journal="Encyclopédie méthodique Botanique" page="96" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" volume="4" year="1797">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FD62B3DB0C71FB74" ID-CoL="3ZQX9" authority="Lamarck, 1797" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1797" box="[664,1076,1529,1556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Menispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FD62B3DB0BA2FB73" box="[664,999,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Menispermum tuberculatum</emphasis>
Lam.,
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FBC6B3D80C99FB73" box="[1084,1244,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Encyclopédie</emphasis>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FB1FB3D80921FB56" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
méthodique.
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB02708FFD4FF10B03C0921FB56" box="[234,356,1565,1590]" journal="Botanique" page="96" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" score="0.003188775428516645" volume="4" year="1797">Botanique</bibCitation>
</emphasis>
4: 96 (Lamarck 1797), nom. illegit., superfl
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FC88B03D0AB5FB3A" author="De Candolle" journal="Regni vegetabilis systema naturale" page="521" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" volume="1">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FC88B03D0C2EFB56" ID-CoL="5ZG97" authority="(L.)" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[882,1131,1564,1590]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispus">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FC88B03D0C7EFB56" box="[882,1083,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Cocculus crispus</emphasis>
(L.)
</taxonomicName>
DC.,
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB02708FFD4FB56B03C0AB5FB3A" journal="Regni vegetabilis systema naturale" page="521" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" score="11.459456737486077" volume="1" year="1817">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FB56B03C09F7FB39" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Regni vegetabilis systema naturale</emphasis>
1: 521 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FDF4B0610AA2FB3A" author="De Candolle A. P." box="[526,743,1599,1626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" refId="ref5607" refString="De Candolle A. P. 1817. Regni vegetabilis systema naturale. Vol. 1. Treuttel &amp; Wurtz, Paris." type="book" year="1817">De Candolle 1817</bibRefCitation>
)
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FCF7B01E0B60FB1D" author="Baillon" journal="Traité de batanique médicale phanérogamique" page="706" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" volume="1" year="1883">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FCF7B01E0CC6FB39" ID-CoL="TQ2D" authority="(L.) Baill" authorityName="Baill" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[781,1155,1599,1626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chasmanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FCF7B01E0C49FB39" box="[781,1036,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Chasmanthera crispa</emphasis>
(L.) Baill
</taxonomicName>
.,
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FB6BB0610A66FB1D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Traité de botanique médicale phanérogamique</emphasis>
1: 706 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FD85B0420B59FB1D" author="Baillon H." box="[639,796,1635,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" refId="ref5467" refString="Baillon H. 1883. Traite de botanique medicale phanerogamique. Fasc. 1. Librairie Hachette et Cie, Paris." type="book" year="1883">Baillon 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FCB9B045097BFBA3" author="Boerlage" page="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FCB9B0450C33FB1D" ID-CoL="573QK" authority="Boerl., Catalogus" authorityName="Boerl., Catalogus" box="[835,1142,1635,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rumphii">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FCB9B0450C5AFB1D" box="[835,1055,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Tinospora rumphii</emphasis>
Boerl.,
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FB81B0420CB0FB1D" box="[1147,1269,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Catalogus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FB01B0420B94FBC0" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">plantarum phanerogamarum quae in Horto Botanico Bogoriensi coluntur</emphasis>
: 116 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FBE1B0A70C89FBC0" author="Boerlage J. C." box="[1051,1228,1670,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" refId="ref5489" refString="Boerlage J. C. 1899. Catalogus plantarum phanerogamarum quae in Horto Botanico Bogoriensi coluntur. Fasc. 1. Typis Officinae Publicae, Bataviae." type="book" year="1899">Boerlage 1899</bibRefCitation>
), nom. illegit., superfl
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FEA4B08B0B7FFB86" author="Heyne" issue="1" page="619" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" year="1927">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FEA4B08B0B22FBA4" ID-CoL="573R2" authority="Beumee ex K. Heyne, De" authorityName="K. Heyne, De" box="[350,871,1705,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FEA4B08B0A23FBA3" box="[350,614,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Tinospora tuberculata</emphasis>
Beumée ex K.Heyne,
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FC94B08B0BD5FBA3" box="[878,912,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">De</emphasis>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FC62B08B0D2BFBA3" box="[920,1390,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indie</emphasis>
, ed. 2, 1: 619 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FE6EB0ED0A6CFB86" author="Heyne K." box="[404,553,1740,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" refId="ref5889" refString="Heyne K. 1927. De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indie. Vol. 1, ed. 2. Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel in Nederlandsch-Indie, Buitenzorg." type="book" year="1927">Heyne 1927</bibRefCitation>
), nom. illegit., superfl.
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572708FFD4FCB9B0EC0CAFFA6A" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FCB9B0EC0CAFFA6A" blockId="1.[189,1399,1494,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
–
<materialsCitation id="EA803C812708FFD4FCA1B0ED0CA3FA6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967331" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FCA1B0ED0BE4FB86" bold="true" box="[859,929,1740,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Type:</emphasis>
[published illustration] ‘Funis felleus’, Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 5: t. 44, f. 1 (1747);
<typeStatus id="8553887E2708FFD4FCEFB0CE0BC4FA69" box="[789,897,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FBCBB0D10CA3FA6A" author="Forman L. L." box="[1073,1254,1776,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" pagination="375 - 421" refId="ref5691" refString="Forman L. L. 1981. A revision of Tinospora (Menispermaceae) in Asia to Australia and the Pacific: the Menispermaceae of Malesia and adjacent areas: X. Kew Bulletin 36: 375 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4113613" type="journal article" year="1981">Forman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572708FFD4FF47B1350D55FA13" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FF47B1350D55FA13" blockId="1.[189,1399,1494,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7AF811F22708FFD4FF47B1350D55FA13" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FF47B1350A0DFA4D" ID-CoL="72ZTG" authority="Roxb." authorityName="Roxb." box="[189,584,1811,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Menispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosum">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FF47B13509BCFA4D" box="[189,505,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Menispermum verrucosum</emphasis>
Roxb.
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FD96B1320CADFA4D" author="Fleming" box="[620,1256,1811,1837]" journal="Asiatick Researches" page="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" score="0.15309310892394862" volume="11" year="1810">
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB02708FFD4FD96B1320CADFA4D" author="Fleming" box="[620,1256,1811,1837]" journal="Asiatick Researches" page="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" score="0.15309310892394862" volume="11" year="1810">
Fleming,
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB02708FFD4FD26B1320CADFA4D" box="[732,1256,1811,1837]" journal="Asiatick Researches" page="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" score="0.4560747533316969" volume="11" year="1810">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FD26B1320B8CFA4D" box="[732,969,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Asiatick Researches</emphasis>
11: 171 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FBCFB1320C9AFA4D" author="Fleming J." box="[1077,1247,1811,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" pagination="153 - 196" refId="ref5659" refString="Fleming J. 1810. A catalogue of Indian medicinal plants and drugs, with their names in the Hindustani and Sanscrit languages. Asiatick Researches 11: 153 - 196." type="journal article" year="1810">Fleming 1810</bibRefCitation>
)
</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FAF2B1320A56FA30" ID-CoL="5ZG9D" authority="(Roxb.) Wall., A" authorityName="Wall., A" baseAuthorityName="Roxb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Cocculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FAF2B1320929FA30" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Cocculus verrucosus</emphasis>
(Roxb.) Wall.
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FDE6B1170976FA13" author="Wallich" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" year="1831">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FDE6B1170A68FA30" box="[540,557,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FDC9B1170BF2FA30" box="[563,951,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">numerical list of dried specimens</emphasis>
(1831–1832) no. 4988 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FB31B1170D23FA30" author="Wallich N." box="[1227,1382,1846,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" refId="ref6266" refString="Wallich N. 1831 - 1832. A Numerical List of Dried Specimens. Nos. 4876 - 6224. London." type="book" year="1831">Wallich 1831</bibRefCitation>
– 1832)
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2708FFD4FEAFB17B0B75FA13" ID-CoL="573R5" authority="(Roxb.) W. Theob., Burmah" authorityName="W. Theob., Burmah" baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[341,816,1881,1907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FEAFB17B0A09FA13" box="[341,588,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Tinospora verrucosa</emphasis>
(Roxb.) W.Theob.,
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD2708FFD4FCC2B1780D48FA13" author="Theobald" box="[824,1293,1881,1908]" issue="2" journal="Burmah" page="656" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" volume="4" year="1883">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FCC2B1780BD2FA13" box="[824,919,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Burmah</emphasis>
, ed. 4, 2: 656 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FBB6B1780D46FA13" author="Theobald W." box="[1100,1283,1881,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" refId="ref6104" refString="Theobald W. 1883. Burmah. Vol. 2, ed. 4. Stephen Austin &amp; Sons, Hertford." type="book" year="1883">Theobald 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572708FFD4FAE2B17B0D2EFAF6" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2708FFD4FAE2B17B0D2EFAF6" blockId="1.[189,1399,1494,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">
–
<materialsCitation id="EA803C812708FFD4FAD5B1780D22FAF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967334" collectionCode="K" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2708FFD4FAD5B1780D33FA13" bold="true" box="[1327,1398,1881,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">Type:</emphasis>
[unpublished illustration] Icones Roxburghianae 1708;
<typeStatus id="8553887E2708FFD4FC89B15D0B9AFAF6" box="[883,991,1916,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192708FFD4FC1CB15C0BBBFAF7" box="[998,1022,1917,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181">K</collectionCode>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2708FFD4FB49B15C0D22FAF6" author="Forman L. L." box="[1203,1383,1916,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="181" pagination="375 - 421" refId="ref5691" refString="Forman L. L. 1981. A revision of Tinospora (Menispermaceae) in Asia to Australia and the Pacific: the Menispermaceae of Malesia and adjacent areas: X. Kew Bulletin 36: 375 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4113613" type="journal article" year="1981">Forman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270BFFD7FF47B72B0D1BFC43" box="[189,1374,265,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FF47B72B0D1BFC43" blockId="2.[189,1399,265,643]" box="[189,1374,265,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7AF811F2270BFFD7FF47B72B0D1BFC43" box="[189,1374,265,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD270BFFD7FF47B72B0D1EFC43" author="Gagnep." box="[189,1371,265,292]" journal="Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France" page="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" score="165.90273174218356" volume="55" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270BFFD7FF47B72B0A40FC43" ID-CoL="573QW" authority="Gagnep." authorityName="Gagnep." box="[189,517,265,291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thorelii">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FF47B72B09D0FC43" box="[189,405,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Tinospora thorelii</emphasis>
Gagnep.
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB0270BFFD7FDE9B7280D1EFC43" box="[531,1371,265,292]" journal="Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France" page="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" score="165.90273174218356" volume="55" year="1908">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FDE9B7280C65FC43" box="[531,1056,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
Bulletin de la Société Botanique de
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270BFFD7FC31B72B0C65FC43" box="[971,1056,266,291]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
55: 46 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270BFFD7FB72B7280D14FC43" author="Gagnepain F." box="[1160,1361,265,291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref5819" refString="Gagnepain F. 1908. Nouveautes asiatiques de l'herbier du Museum (I. Hydrocharitacees, II. Menispermacees, III. Lardizabelees). Bulletin de la Societe botanique de France 55: 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1908">Gagnepain 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270BFFD7FA92B72B0D43FC09" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FA92B72B0D43FC09" blockId="2.[189,1399,265,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FA92B72B0B25FC09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967320" collectionCode="P" collectorName="C. Thorel" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="P00744851" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
–
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FF10B70D0974FC26" bold="true" box="[234,305,300,326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Type:</emphasis>
Cochinchine, 1862–1866,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FD8BB70C0B5DFC26" box="[625,792,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270BFFD7FD8BB70C0AA6FC26" box="[625,739,300,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">C. Thorel</collectorName>
350
</emphasis>
;
<typeStatus id="8553887E270BFFD7FCD3B70D0BD0FC26" box="[809,917,300,326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FC66B70D0BE8FC27" box="[924,941,300,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FC4EB70D0C7AFC27" box="[948,1087,300,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">P00744851</specimenCode>
] image!, designated at the first step by
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270BFFD7FE81B76E0A54FC0A" author="Diels L." box="[379,529,335,362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref5630" refString="Diels L. 1910. Menispermaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV, 94 (46): 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1910">Diels (1910)</bibRefCitation>
, and at the second step here;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FC9DB76E0CBBFC09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967324" box="[871,1278,335,362]" collectionCode="P" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="P00744852" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isolectotype">
<typeStatus id="8553887E270BFFD7FC9DB76E0BB0FC09" box="[871,1013,335,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FC07B76E0C48FC0A" box="[1021,1037,335,362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FBEEB76E0CDAFC0A" box="[1044,1183,335,362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">P00744852</specimenCode>
] image
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270BFFD7FF47B7520C85FCED" box="[189,1216,370,397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FF47B7520C85FCED" blockId="2.[189,1399,265,643]" box="[189,1216,370,397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7AF811F2270BFFD7FF47B7520C85FCED" box="[189,1216,370,397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270BFFD7FF47B75209B1FCEC" ID-CoL="573Q3" authority="Diels" authorityName="Diels" box="[189,500,370,396]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mastersii">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FF47B75209E9FCEC" box="[189,428,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Tinospora mastersii</emphasis>
Diels
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD270BFFD7FDE4B7530CF8FCED" author="Engler" box="[542,1213,370,397]" issue="46" journal="Das Pflanzenreich IV" page="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" score="1.4060762813750918" volume="94" year="1910">
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB0270BFFD7FDE4B7530CF8FCED" author="Engler" box="[542,1213,370,397]" issue="46" journal="Das Pflanzenreich IV" page="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" score="1.4060762813750918" volume="94" year="1910">
Engler,
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB0270BFFD7FD86B7520CF8FCED" box="[636,1213,370,397]" issue="46" journal="Das Pflanzenreich IV" page="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" score="1.4060762813750918" volume="94" year="1910">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FD86B7520B12FCEC" box="[636,855,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Das Pflanzenreich</emphasis>
IV, 94(46): 140 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270BFFD7FBD1B7530CF6FCED" author="Diels L." box="[1067,1203,370,397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref5630" refString="Diels L. 1910. Menispermaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV, 94 (46): 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1910">Diels 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FB30B75209FBFCB4" blockId="2.[189,1399,265,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FB30B7520B9FFCD0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967328" collectionCode="CAL" collectorName="Masters" country="India" location="Assam" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="CAL0000004757" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Assam" typeStatus="holotype">
–
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FB18B7520D6CFCED" bold="true" box="[1250,1321,371,397]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Type:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270BFFD7FAC9B7530D37FCEC" box="[1331,1394,370,396]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="982CF83E270BFFD7FF10B7B70978FCD0" box="[234,317,406,432]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Assam</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FEB3B7B6099CFCD0" box="[329,473,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270BFFD7FEB3B7B609EDFCD0" box="[329,424,407,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Masters</collectorName>
s.n.
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;
<typeStatus id="8553887E270BFFD7FE13B7B70A15FCD0" box="[489,592,406,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FDADB7B70AD4FCD0" box="[599,657,406,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">CAL</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FD64B7B70B36FCD1" box="[670,883,406,433]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">CAL0000004757</specimenCode>
] image!;
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<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FC1BB7B709FFFCB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967323" collectionCode="B, K" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="B 10 0294284, K000644589" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="8553887E270BFFD7FC1BB7B70C04FCD0" box="[993,1089,406,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FBB3B7B70C1BFCD0" box="[1097,1118,406,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">B</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FB9FB7B70D55FCD0" box="[1125,1296,406,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">B 10 0294284</specimenCode>
] image!,
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FF10B7980944FCB4" box="[234,257,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">K</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FEF2B79809EAFCB4" box="[264,431,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">K000644589</specimenCode>
]!
</materialsCitation>
.
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<subSubSection id="12F26557270BFFD7FF47B7FC0D40FF7A" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FF47B7FC0D40FF7A" blockId="2.[189,1399,265,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270BFFD7FF47B7FC0ADEFC96" ID-CoL="573PH" authority="Hand." authorityName="Hand." box="[189,667,476,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gibbericaulis">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FF47B7FC09ACFC96" box="[189,489,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Tinospora gibbericaulis</emphasis>
Hand.-Mazz.
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD270BFFD7FD4FB7FC0D44FF7A" author="Handel-Mazzetti" journal="Mathematische-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse" page="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" volume="60" year="1924">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FD4FB7FC0B53FF79" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematische-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse</emphasis>
60: 95 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270BFFD7FC70B7DE0CDCFF7A" author="Handel-Mazzetti H." box="[906,1177,511,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref5857" refString="Handel-Mazzetti H. 1924 ' 1923 '. Plantae novae Sinenses, diagnosibus brevibus descriptae. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematische-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 60: 95 - 101." type="journal article" year="1924">Handel­Mazzetti 1924</bibRefCitation>
‘1923’)
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="12F26557270BFFD7FAE9B4210982FEE0" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FAE9B42109BBFFE3" blockId="2.[189,1399,265,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FAE9B4210A77FF00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967319" collectingDate="1915-03-01" collectionCode="W" collectorName="H. R. E. von Handel-Mazzetti" country="China" location="Manhao prope fines Tonkinenses" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
–
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FAD5B4210D33FF7A" bold="true" box="[1327,1398,512,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Type:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270BFFD7FF10B4030976FF5C" box="[234,307,546,572]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="982CF83E270BFFD7FEBBB40209DBFF5D" box="[321,414,547,573]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="5F376007270BFFD7FE56B4030B7CFF5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2708FFD6FDE4B3500AB7F8ED:5F376007270BFFD7FE56B4030B7CFF5C" box="[428,825,546,573]" country="China" name="Manhao prope fines Tonkinenses" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" stateProvince="Yunnan">Manhao prope fines Tonkinenses</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270BFFD7FCBDB4020B9BFF5D" box="[839,990,546,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="1915-03-01">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270BFFD7FCBDB4020B9BFF5D" box="[839,990,546,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="1915-03-01">1 Mar. 1915</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FC17B40209C2FF00" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270BFFD7FC17B4020D07FF5C" box="[1005,1346,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">H.R.E. von Handel-Mazzetti</collectorName>
Iter Sinense 5816
</emphasis>
;
<typeStatus id="8553887E270BFFD7FE6DB46709BBFF00" box="[407,510,582,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FDFEB4670A61FF00" box="[516,548,582,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">W</collectionCode>
†
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FDC4B46709B3FFE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967318" collectionCode="A" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="A00038940" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isolectotype">
lectotype WU [sheet. no. 39366] image!, designated here,
<typeStatus id="8553887E270BFFD7FB13B4670D32FF00" box="[1257,1399,582,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FF10B4480945FFE3" box="[234,256,617,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">A</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FEFCB44809D2FFE3" box="[262,407,617,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">A00038940</specimenCode>
] image
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FF47B48B0A71FFA4" blockId="2.[189,564,682,708]" box="[189,564,682,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<heading id="011F81B0270BFFD7FF47B48B0A71FFA4" bold="true" box="[189,564,682,708]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FF47B48B0A71FFA4" bold="true" box="[189,564,682,708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FF47B4F80982FEE0" blockId="2.[189,1398,729,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FF47B4F80D27FF94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967313" box="[189,1378,729,756]" collectingDate="1994-10-26" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="E. Tang &amp; Sidek" country="Singapore" location="Mosque" municipality="Jalan Inggu" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="SING0042526" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270BFFD7FF47B4F80927FF93" box="[189,354,729,755]" name="Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="5F376007270BFFD7FE85B4FB099BFF94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2708FFD6FDE4B3500AB7F8ED:5F376007270BFFD7FE85B4FB099BFF94" box="[383,478,730,756]" country="Singapore" municipality="Jalan Inggu" name="Mosque" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Mosque</location>
at
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA6270BFFD7FDFCB4F80AD6FF94" box="[518,659,729,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Jalan Inggu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="2E56101C270BFFD7FD5BB4F80B04FF93" box="[673,833,729,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="1994-10-26">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270BFFD7FD5BB4F80B04FF93" box="[673,833,729,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="1994-10-26">26 Oct. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FCB5B4FB0C08FF93" box="[847,1101,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FCB5B4FB0B20FF93" box="[847,869,730,755]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="F71D530A270BFFD7FC89B4FB0BE8FF93" box="[883,941,730,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Tang</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="F71D530A270BFFD7FC2DB4F80C52FF93" box="[983,1047,729,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Sidek</collectorName>
176
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FB9AB4F80CE3FF94" box="[1120,1190,729,756]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FB56B4F80D19FF94" box="[1196,1372,729,756]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING0042526</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FF47B4DD0C38FE77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967325" box="[189,1149,764,791]" collectingDate="1921-12-31" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="Deshmukh" country="Singapore" location="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="SING0243589" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270BFFD7FF47B4DD0A42FE76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2708FFD6FDE4B3500AB7F8ED:5F376007270BFFD7FF47B4DD0A42FE76" box="[189,519,764,790]" country="Singapore" municipality="Deshmukh" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Singapore Botanic Gardens</location>
, 16 ??? 1921,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FD42B4DD0B2DFE76" box="[696,872,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA6270BFFD7FD42B4DD0B70FE76" box="[696,821,764,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Deshmukh</collectingMunicipality>
s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FC80B4DD0B85FE77" box="[890,960,764,791]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FC3DB4DD0C32FE77" box="[967,1143,764,791]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING0243589</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FB61B4DD0C66FE59" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967307" collectingDate="2014-03-05" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="Leong et al." country="Singapore" location="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="SING 2014-086, SING0212364" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270BFFD7FB61B4DD0967FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2708FFD6FDE4B3500AB7F8ED:5F376007270BFFD7FB61B4DD0967FE59" country="Singapore" municipality="Leong" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Singapore Botanic Gardens</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270BFFD7FED6B53E09F9FE59" box="[300,444,799,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="2014-03-05">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270BFFD7FED6B53E09F9FE59" box="[300,444,799,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="2014-03-05">5 Mar. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FE3DB5010B57FE59" box="[455,786,799,826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA6270BFFD7FE3DB5010A54FE59" box="[455,529,800,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Leong</collectingMunicipality>
et al.
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FDA2B5010B57FE59" box="[600,786,799,826]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING 2014-086</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FCDBB53E0B22FE59" box="[801,871,799,825]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FC97B53E0C58FE59" box="[877,1053,799,825]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING0212364</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FBC1B53E0B79FE3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967329" collectingDate="2002-12-17" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="A.T. Gwee" country="Singapore" location="Pulau Ubin" municipality="Chek Jawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="SING0042802" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270BFFD7FBC1B53E0C87FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2708FFD6FDE4B3500AB7F8ED:5F376007270BFFD7FBC1B53E0C87FE59" box="[1083,1218,799,825]" country="Singapore" municipality="Chek Jawa" name="Pulau Ubin" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Pulau Ubin</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA6270BFFD7FB37B53E0D0AFE5A" box="[1229,1359,799,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Chek Jawa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="2E56101C270BFFD7FAA3B53E097FFE3D" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="2002-12-17">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270BFFD7FAA3B53E097FFE3D" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="2002-12-17">17 Dec. 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FEBCB5620A6CFE3D" box="[326,553,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FEBCB562091EFE3D" box="[326,347,835,861]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FEA4B5620934FE3D" box="[350,369,835,861]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="F71D530A270BFFD7FE87B5620985FE3D" box="[381,448,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Gwee</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FE32B5620A6CFE3D" box="[456,553,835,861]" collectionCode="GAT" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15459" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15459" name="Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">GAT112</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FDC0B5620AC5FE3D" box="[570,640,835,861]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FD7CB5620B73FE3D" box="[646,822,835,861]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING0042802</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270BFFD7FCADB5620986FEE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967333" collectingDate="1997-09-16" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="J. Lai" country="Singapore" location="Kent Ridge Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="SING0030110" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270BFFD7FCADB5620C65FE3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2708FFD6FDE4B3500AB7F8ED:5F376007270BFFD7FCADB5620C65FE3C" box="[855,1056,834,861]" country="Singapore" name="Kent Ridge Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Kent Ridge Park</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270BFFD7FBD6B5630C8FFE3D" box="[1068,1226,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="1997-09-16">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270BFFD7FBD6B5630C8FFE3D" box="[1068,1226,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" value="1997-09-16">16 Sep. 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FB2DB5620D2AFE3C" box="[1239,1391,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FB2DB5620CADFE3C" box="[1239,1256,835,860]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="F71D530A270BFFD7FB0EB5620D06FE3C" box="[1268,1347,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Lai LJ</collectorName>
263
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270BFFD7FF47B5470941FEE0" box="[189,260,870,896]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270BFFD7FEF0B54709F8FEE0" box="[266,445,870,896]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">SING0030110</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270BFFD6FF47B5860A22FEF8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" type="description">
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<heading id="011F81B0270BFFD7FF47B586090BFEA1" bold="true" box="[189,334,935,961]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FF47B586090BFEA1" bold="true" box="[189,334,935,961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Large woody climber with many pale, smooth, descending adventitious roots.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FBB4B5F70CC2FE90" box="[1102,1159,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Stem</emphasis>
glabrous, succulent, tuberculate, each tubercle conical, topped by a pale lenticel with an outer woody ring, often radially cracked, and a central woody plug, bark thin, drying dark coppery brown, surface smooth and shiny, younger stems drying brown or grey, irregularly longitudinally wrinkled, wrinkles sharp-edged; cut stems producing a milky sap, very bitter to the taste.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FCD7B2420B3BF91C" box="[813,894,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Leaves</emphasis>
membranous to chartaceous, glabrous, not peltate, basally 5-nerved with small hollow domatia in axils of nerve bases, main nerves slightly raised above in dry leaves, raised beneath and minutely papillate (requires magnification), lamina broadly ovate, 10–15 ×
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, base cordate to almost sagittate, apex acute and acuminate, acumen fine and sharp-pointed, reticulations dense, distinct from below, more obscure from above; petiole
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long, drying ca
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wide, glabrous, drying light to dark brown, longitudinally striate, not notably swollen at either end, basally geniculate.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FDBEB7B70AAEFCD0" box="[580,747,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Inflorescences</emphasis>
arising behind leaves, main axis typically unbranched, male inflorescences to
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long, main axis ca
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wide near base, drying longitudinally striate, glabrous, bearing widely spaced, 1–3­flowered fascicles each subtended by a small, upcurved, lanceolate bracteole, ca
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long,
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wide at base, apex acute; female inflorescences shorter,
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long with flowers mostly borne singly, each subtended by a bract as in male.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FC0DB4030CCAFF5C" box="[1015,1167,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Male flowers</emphasis>
yellow, pedicel
<quantity id="9D109B39270AFFD6FAB0B40208AEFF00" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
long,
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wide, outer sepals 3, ovate, ca
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long,
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wide, inner sepals 3, elliptic,
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long,
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wide, apex obtuse to rounded, margin minutely ciliate, base clawed, petals 3, oblanceolate,
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long; ca
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wide, clasping alternate stamens, stamens 6, ca
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long, anthers with thecae slightly oblique.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FE7CB48E0A79FFA9" box="[390,572,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Female flowers</emphasis>
as in male, staminodes 6, to
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long, carpels 3, ellipsoidal,
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long, stigma shortly lobed.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FE00B4F20A07FF8C" box="[506,578,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Fruits</emphasis>
ellipsoidal, to
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long, ripening orange, endocarp white, ellipsoidal, 11–13 ×
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, surface faintly rugulose, slight longitudinal dorsal ridge, becoming more prominent at base and apex, elliptic ventral aperture ca
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long,
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wide, intrusive condyle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0E976654270BFFD7FF47B1BE0A5DFABD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088443/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" startId="2.[189,232,1951,1977]" targetBox="[340,1247,1231,1911]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270BFFD7FF47B1BE0A5DFABD" blockId="2.[189,1398,1951,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FF47B1BE094FFAD9" bold="true" box="[189,266,1951,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270BFFD7FEEAB181099DFAD9" box="[272,472,1952,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270BFFD7FEEAB181099DFAD9" box="[272,472,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="182">Tinospora crispa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Hook.f. &amp; Thomson growing in Singapore showing the densely tuberculate stems. Photo: Yeoh Yi Shuen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B57B0A22FEF8" blockId="3.[189,1398,858,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
Female flowers and fruits unknown among
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FD21B57B0B17FE14" box="[731,850,858,884]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Singapore</collectingCountry>
collections. Description of these made with reference to material from
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FE0DB55F0A26FEF8" box="[503,611,894,920]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270AFFD6FF47B59E0A00F92E" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B59E0913FEB9" blockId="3.[189,342,959,985]" box="[189,342,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<heading id="011F81B0270AFFD6FF47B59E0913FEB9" bold="true" box="[189,342,959,985]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FF47B59E0913FEB9" bold="true" box="[189,342,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B5CF0A00F92E" blockId="3.[189,1399,1006,1103]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
Probably native in mainland South­East Asia and the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FCBDB5CF0B8EF968" box="[839,971,1006,1032]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Philippines</collectingCountry>
but often cultivated as a medicinal plant (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270AFFD6FEFCB23009DBF94C" author="Burkill I. H." box="[262,414,1041,1068]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" refId="ref5516" refString="Burkill I. H. 1935. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. II. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." type="book" year="1935">Burkill 1935</bibRefCitation>
, sub
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270AFFD6FE2DB2330A38F94B" box="[471,637,1041,1067]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FE2DB2330A38F94B" box="[471,637,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">T. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and spread anthropogenically across tropical Asia. In
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FB02B2300D37F94B" box="[1272,1394,1041,1067]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, it occurs as a relict of cultivation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270AFFD6FF47B2570AB7F8ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B2570946F9F0" blockId="3.[189,259,1142,1168]" box="[189,259,1142,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<heading id="011F81B0270AFFD6FF47B2570946F9F0" bold="true" box="[189,259,1142,1168]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FF47B2570946F9F0" bold="true" box="[189,259,1142,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B2840979F864" blockId="3.[189,1399,1188,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270AFFD6FF47B28409CDF9DE" box="[189,392,1189,1214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FF47B28409CDF9DE" box="[189,392,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Tinospora crispa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only rarely collected in flower in
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FCC3B2850BF6F9DE" box="[825,947,1188,1214]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and has never been collected in fruit. The densely tuberculate stems readily distinguish it from the other species of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270AFFD6FB9EB2E90C99F981" box="[1124,1244,1224,1249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FB9EB2E90C99F981" box="[1124,1244,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Tinospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FF47B2CB097DF864" box="[189,312,1258,1284]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B30D0AB7F8ED" blockId="3.[189,1398,1324,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
In accordance with ICN (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270AFFD6FE27B30D0AFEF826" author="Turland N. J. &amp; Wiersema J. H. &amp; Barrie F. R. &amp; Greuter W. &amp; Hawksworth D. L. &amp; Herendeen P. S. &amp; Knapp S. &amp; Kusber W. - H. &amp; Li D. - Z. &amp; Marhold K. &amp; May T. W. &amp; McNeill J. &amp; Monro A. M. &amp; Prado J. &amp; Price M. J. &amp; Smith G. F." box="[477,699,1324,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" pagination="159" refId="ref6126" refString="Turland N. J., Wiersema J. H., Barrie F. R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D. L., Herendeen P. S., Knapp S., Kusber W. - H., Li D. - Z., Marhold K., May T. W., McNeill J., Monro A. M., Prado J., Price M. J. &amp; Smith G. F. 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018" type="journal article" year="2018">
Turland
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FDBAB30C0A37F826" box="[576,626,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
) Art. 9.17, a second­stage lectotypification is presented here, as
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270AFFD6FF24B36E0937F809" author="Diels L." box="[222,370,1359,1385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref5630" refString="Diels L. 1910. Menispermaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV, 94 (46): 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1910">Diels (1910)</bibRefCitation>
failed to distinguish between the
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of
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FC27B36E0C25F809" box="[989,1120,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
Thorel
<quantity id="9D109B39270AFFD6FBCEB36E0C25F809" box="[1076,1120,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" unit="in" value="350.0">350</quantity>
</emphasis>
in the Paris Herbarium when referring to the
<typeStatus id="8553887E270AFFD6FE41B35209ABF8ED" box="[443,494,1395,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270AFFD6FDEFB3520AAEF8EC" box="[533,747,1394,1420]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thorelii">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FDEFB3520AAEF8EC" box="[533,747,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Tinospora thorelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier id="2C3A871E0E8664DCE424E671950CAED8" type="CLB-Dataset">276827</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="52946FFC1B2226D7C276BA7C36A0AB72" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2311</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217314318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<subSubSection id="12F26557270AFFD6FDD5B3950C40F8AE" box="[559,1029,1459,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FDD5B3950C40F8AE" blockId="3.[559,1029,1459,1556]" box="[559,1029,1459,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<heading id="011F81B0270AFFD6FDD5B3950C40F8AE" box="[559,1029,1459,1486]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270AFFD6FDD5B3950BE6F8AE" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[559,931,1459,1486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krispura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FDD5B3950B5EF8AE" bold="true" box="[559,795,1459,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Tinospora krispura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B5270AFFD6FC50B3950C40F8AE" box="[938,1029,1460,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270AFFD6FDBDB3F60B08FB74" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FDBDB3F60BA8F891" blockId="3.[559,1029,1459,1556]" box="[583,1005,1495,1521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77329782-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FD1DB3DB0B08FB74" blockId="3.[559,1029,1459,1556]" box="[743,845,1530,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<figureCitation id="C2D32A59270AFFD6FD1DB3DB0B08FB74" box="[743,845,1530,1556]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[189,232,1708,1734]" captionStartId-1="5.[189,232,1921,1947]" captionTargetBox-0="[290,1299,271,1639]" captionTargetBox-1="[408,1179,741,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@4.[283,1305,265,1648]" captionTargetId-1="figure-40@5.[408,1179,741,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Tinospora krispura I.M.Turner sp. nov. A. Habit of male plant bearing inflorescence. B. Old stem showing prominent lenticels. C. Leaf lamina adaxial surface. D. Leaf lamina abaxial surface. E. Domatia in nerve axils on leaf abaxial surface. F. Part of male inflorescence. G. Male flower bud beginning to open. H. G after removal of inner sepals to reveal petals clasping filaments of stamens. I. Inner sepal abaxial view. J. Petal and stamen adaxial view. K. Petal with stamen removed, adaxial view. L. Open male flower (pedicel incomplete) with anthers post dehiscence. Drawn by Andrew Brown. Graduated single bar = 2 mm and 5 mm, double bar = 1 cm, graduated double bar = 5 cm. Material used: Powell &amp; H’ng 263C (K) (A, F–L); Powell 439 (K) (B); Lua SING 2015-080 (SING) (C, D); Powell &amp; H’ng 263A (K) (E)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Photograph of Tinospora krispura I.M.Turner sp. nov. on Christmas Island showing male inflorescences. Reproduced with the permission of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088445" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088447" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10088445/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10088447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270AFFD6FF47B01A0BDAFB8E" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B01A0973FB35" blockId="3.[189,310,1595,1621]" box="[189,310,1595,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<heading id="011F81B0270AFFD6FF47B01A0973FB35" bold="true" box="[189,310,1595,1621]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FF47B01A0973FB35" bold="true" box="[189,310,1595,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B04B0BDAFB8E" blockId="3.[189,1399,1642,1774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
The pit domatia in the axils of the main nerves on the leaf lamina adaxial surface, the general form of the male inflorescence and the turbinate male flower buds are all similar to
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270AFFD6FBF4B0AF0D37FBC8" authority="Forman" authorityName="Forman" box="[1038,1394,1677,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baenzigeri">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FBF4B0AF0D4EFBC7" box="[1038,1291,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Tinospora baenzigeri</emphasis>
Forman
</taxonomicName>
, but the male inflorescences are typically longer, the male flower pedicels much longer (
<quantity id="9D109B39270AFFD6FB28B0910D11FBAB" box="[1234,1364,1712,1739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="9D109B39270AFFD6FF47B0F2097DFB8E" box="[189,312,1747,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4 mm</quantity>
), and the stamen filaments dry dark rather than pale.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270AFFD6FF47B1340AECFAC4" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B1340901FA4F" blockId="3.[189,324,1813,1839]" box="[189,324,1813,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
<heading id="011F81B0270AFFD6FF47B1340901FA4F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1813,1839]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="183" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270AFFD6FF47B1340901FA4F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1813,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270AFFD6FF47B1650AECFAC4" blockId="3.[189,1399,1860,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">
The specific epithet represents a contraction of the Malay names for the two islands from which the species is known, Pulau Krismas (
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FD92B1460B72FAE1" box="[616,823,1895,1921]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
) and Pulau
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FC29B1460C0FFAE1" box="[979,1098,1895,1921]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Singapura</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270AFFD6FBA4B1460D74FAE1" box="[1118,1329,1895,1921]" name="Singapore Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="183">Singapore Island</collectingCountry>
). The epithet is effectively a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0E976654270DFFD1FF47B08D0925FA80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088445/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="184" startId="4.[189,232,1708,1734]" targetBox="[290,1299,271,1639]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270DFFD1FF47B08D0925FA80" blockId="4.[189,1399,1708,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FF47B08D094FFBA7" bold="true" box="[189,266,1708,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270DFFD1FEEAB08F0A3FFBA7" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,634,1709,1735]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krispura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FEEAB08F09B7FBA7" box="[272,498,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">Tinospora krispura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B5270DFFD1FD7AB08C0A9CFBA7" box="[640,729,1709,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FD25B08D0AB9FBA6" bold="true" box="[735,764,1708,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">A.</emphasis>
Habit of male plant bearing inflorescence.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FB16B08C0D42FBA7" bold="true" box="[1260,1287,1709,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">B.</emphasis>
Old stem showing prominent lenticels.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FDE9B0F10A75FB8A" bold="true" box="[531,560,1744,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">C.</emphasis>
Leaf lamina adaxial surface.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FC78B0F10BDAFB8A" bold="true" box="[898,927,1744,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">D.</emphasis>
Leaf lamina abaxial surface.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FB0BB0F10D49FB8A" bold="true" box="[1265,1292,1744,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">E.</emphasis>
Domatia in nerve axils on leaf abaxial surface.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FD7FB0D20AD9FA6D" bold="true" box="[645,668,1779,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">F.</emphasis>
Part of male inflorescence.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FC16B0D20C4FFA6D" bold="true" box="[1004,1034,1779,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">G.</emphasis>
Male flower bud beginning to open.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FEFCB1370960FA50" bold="true" box="[262,293,1814,1840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">H.</emphasis>
G after removal of inner sepals to reveal petals clasping filaments of stamens.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FB23B1370CA9FA50" bold="true" box="[1241,1260,1814,1840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">I.</emphasis>
Inner sepal abaxial view.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FE9BB11B093DFA34" bold="true" box="[353,376,1850,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">J.</emphasis>
Petal and stamen adaxial view.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FD0CB11B0B50FA34" bold="true" box="[758,789,1850,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">K.</emphasis>
Petal with stamen removed, adaxial view.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FAE9B11B0D6AFA34" bold="true" box="[1299,1327,1850,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">L.</emphasis>
Open male flower (pedicel incomplete) with anthers post dehiscence. Drawn by Andrew Brown. Graduated single bar = 2 mm and 5 mm, double bar = 1 cm, graduated double bar = 5 cm. Material used:
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FADEB1A10924FADD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">Powell &amp; H’ng 263C</emphasis>
(K) (A, F–L);
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FDE9B1820ADFFADD" box="[531,666,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">Powell 439</emphasis>
(K) (B);
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FCF0B1850BB9FADD" box="[778,1020,1955,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">Lua SING 2015-080</emphasis>
(SING) (C, D);
<emphasis id="689CEACE270DFFD1FB3AB18208B9FA80" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="184">Powell &amp; H’ng 263A</emphasis>
(K) (E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270CFFD3FF47B7290BFFFCD1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270CFFD0FF47B72909EFFC42" blockId="5.[189,426,264,290]" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
<heading id="011F81B0270CFFD0FF47B72909EFFC42" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FF47B72909EFFC42" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270CFFD0FF10B7160962FC31" blockId="5.[189,1398,311,408]" box="[234,295,311,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FF10B7160962FC31" bold="true" box="[234,295,311,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Type</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270CFFD0FF47B77B0B71FCF7" blockId="5.[189,1398,311,408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FF47B77B0B68FCF7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967310" collectingDate="1981-08-03" collectionCode="K" collectorName="D.A. Powell &amp; H'ng Kim Chey" country="Christmas Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCode="K001129962, K001129963" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270CFFD0FF47B77B0992FC14" box="[189,471,346,372]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">CHRISTMAS ISLAND</collectingCountry>
•
<date id="2E56101C270CFFD0FE14B77B0A3AFC14" box="[494,639,346,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-08-03">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270CFFD0FE14B77B0A3AFC14" box="[494,639,346,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-08-03">3 Aug. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FD71B77A0C79FC14" box="[651,1084,346,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FD52B77A0AFBFC15" box="[680,702,347,373]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<location id="5F376007270CFFD0FD32B77B0B5FFC14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270CFFD0FD32B77B0B5FFC14" box="[712,794,346,372]" country="Christmas Island" municipality="Kim Chey" name="Powell" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Powell</location>
&amp; H’ng
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA6270CFFD0FC78B77A0BB2FC14" box="[898,1015,346,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Kim Chey</collectingMunicipality>
263
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FBD3B77B0C79FC14" box="[1065,1084,346,372]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
;
<typeStatus id="8553887E270CFFD0FBB1B77B0CF7FC14" box="[1099,1202,346,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FB42B77B0C88FC14" box="[1208,1229,346,372]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270CFFD0FB2EB77B0D37FC14" box="[1236,1394,346,372]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K001129962</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270CFFD0FF47B75C091DFCF7" box="[189,344,381,407]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K001129963</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="4CEEFD55270CFFD0FE9EB75F0A41FCF7" box="[356,516,381,408]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
mounted on two sheets]
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270CFFD0FF10B79E0922FCB9" blockId="5.[189,1399,447,649]" box="[234,359,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FF10B79E0922FCB9" bold="true" box="[234,359,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
<typeStatus id="8553887E270CFFD0FF10B79E0922FCB9" box="[234,359,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270CFFD0FF47B7C30BEEFFE9" blockId="5.[189,1399,447,649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FF47B7C30C33FC9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967339" box="[189,1142,482,509]" collectingDate="1981-06-30" collectionCode="K" collectorName="D.A. Powell &amp; H'ng Kim Chey" country="Christmas Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270CFFD0FF47B7C3099EFC9C" box="[189,475,482,508]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">CHRISTMAS ISLAND</collectingCountry>
•
<date id="2E56101C270CFFD0FE03B7C20A35FC9C" box="[505,624,482,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-06">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270CFFD0FE03B7C20A35FC9C" box="[505,624,482,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-06">Jun. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FD7AB7C30C0DFC9C" box="[640,1096,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FD66B7C30AF7FC9C" box="[668,690,482,508]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Powell &amp; H’ng Kim Chey 263
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FBCFB7C30C0DFC9C" box="[1077,1096,482,508]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FBA1B7C30C33FC9C" box="[1115,1142,482,508]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FB62B7C30AB6FF7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967337" collectingDate="1981-02-28" collectionCode="K" collectorName="D.A. Powell &amp; H'ng Kim Chey" country="Christmas Island" location="Isabel Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="5F376007270CFFD0FB62B7C30D71FC9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270CFFD0FB62B7C30D71FC9C" box="[1176,1332,482,508]" country="Christmas Island" name="Isabel Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Isabel Beach</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270CFFD0FAB9B7C308BEFF7F" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-02">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270CFFD0FAB9B7C308BEFF7F" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-02">Feb. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FEF3B4270A82FF7F" box="[265,711,517,544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FEDFB427097EFF40" box="[293,315,518,544]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Powell &amp; H’ng Kim Chey 263
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</emphasis>
;
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! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FCE9B424092EFF23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967332" collectingDate="1980-12-31" collectionCode="K" collectorName="D.A. Powell &amp; H'ng Kim Chey" country="Christmas Island" location="Isabel Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="5F376007270CFFD0FCE9B4240BEBFF7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270CFFD0FCE9B4240BEBFF7F" box="[787,942,517,543]" country="Christmas Island" name="Isabel Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Isabel Beach</location>
,
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,
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D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FB98B4270C3DFF40" box="[1122,1144,518,544]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Powell &amp; H’ng Kim Chey 263
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FED7B4090905FF22" box="[301,320,552,578]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FEAAB408092EFF23" box="[336,363,553,579]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FE72B4080CFEFF23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967330" box="[392,1211,552,579]" collectingDate="1993-03-31" collectionCode="K" country="Christmas Island" location="Between waterfall and Ethel Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="5F376007270CFFD0FE72B40809AAFF23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270CFFD0FE72B40809AAFF23" box="[392,495,553,579]" country="Christmas Island" municipality="Ethel Beach" name="Between" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Between</location>
waterfall and
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,
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<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270CFFD0FCCFB4080BF5FF23" box="[821,944,553,579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1993-03">Mar. 1993</collectingDate>
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,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FC47B4080CD5FF23" box="[957,1168,552,579]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FC20B4080BB5FF23" box="[986,1008,553,579]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Powell 1217
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;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FB5AB4080CFEFF23" box="[1184,1211,553,579]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FB22B4090B00FF06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967335" collectingDate="1981-09-28" collectionCode="K" collectorName="D.A. Powell &amp; H'ng Kim Chey" country="Christmas Island" location="Isabel Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="5F376007270CFFD0FB22B4090D37FF22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270CFFD0FB22B4090D37FF22" box="[1240,1394,552,578]" country="Christmas Island" name="Isabel Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Isabel Beach</location>
,
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<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270CFFD0FF47B46D0918FF06" box="[189,349,588,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-09-28">28 Sep. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FE91B46D0B5CFF06" box="[363,793,588,614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">
D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FE7DB46D09D8FF06" box="[391,413,588,614]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Powell &amp; H’ng Kim Chey 408
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FCD0B46D0B00FF06" box="[810,837,588,614]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FC9CB46D09A2FFE9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967311" collectingDate="1981-09-28" collectionCode="K" collectorName="D.A. Powell &amp; H'ng Kim Chey" country="Christmas Island" location="Smith's Point" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="5F376007270CFFD0FC9CB46D0C4CFF06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270CFFD0FC9CB46D0C4CFF06" box="[870,1033,588,614]" country="Christmas Island" name="Smith's Point" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Smith’s Point</location>
,
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<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270CFFD0FBEDB46D0CF3FF06" box="[1047,1206,588,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-09-28">28 Sep. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FB1BB46D0CB2FF06" box="[1249,1271,588,614]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Powell &amp; H’ng Kim Chey 407
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FE51B44E09F9FFE9" box="[427,444,623,649]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FE36B44E09A2FFE9" box="[460,487,623,649]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270CFFD0FDFEB44E0BE4FFE9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967314" box="[516,929,623,649]" collectingDate="1981-11-11" collectionCode="K" collectorName="D.A. Powell" country="Christmas Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<date id="2E56101C270CFFD0FDFEB44E0AE1FFE9" box="[516,676,623,649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-11-11">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270CFFD0FDFEB44E0AE1FFE9" box="[516,676,623,649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" value="1981-11-11">11 Nov. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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D.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FD37B44E0AA6FFE9" box="[717,739,623,649]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Powell 439
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270CFFD0FC7EB44E0BE4FFE9" box="[900,929,623,649]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0E976654270CFFD0FF47B1A008BFFA82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088447/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" startId="5.[189,232,1921,1947]" targetBox="[408,1179,741,1882]" targetPageId="5">
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<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FF47B1A00954FAFB" bold="true" box="[189,273,1921,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Photograph of
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<emphasis id="689CEACE270CFFD0FE22B1A30A84FAFB" box="[472,705,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="185">Tinospora krispura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B5270CFFD0FCA7B1A30BF8FAFC" box="[861,957,1922,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="185" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
on Christmas Island showing male inflorescences. Reproduced with the permission of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270FFFD3FF47B7280BFFFCD1" blockId="6.[189,1398,265,433]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
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<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FF47B7280927FC43" box="[189,354,265,291]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="5F376007270FFFD3FE68B7280A70FC43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270FFFD3FE68B7280A70FC43" box="[402,565,265,291]" country="Singapore" municipality="Kampong Chantek" name="Bukit Tinggi" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Bukit Tinggi</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA6270FFFD3FDB7B7280B7CFC43" box="[589,825,265,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Kampong Chantek</collectingMunicipality>
,
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<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270FFFD3FCAAB7280C41FC43" box="[848,1028,265,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2016-09-16">16 Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FBE1B72B0C71FC43" box="[1051,1076,266,291]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FBC2B72B0C0AFC43" box="[1080,1103,266,291]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Lua SING 2016-153
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;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FF47B70D0944FC26" box="[189,257,300,326]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
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,
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]
</materialsCitation>
! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270FFFD3FD3CB70C0982FC0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967321" collectingDate="2015-10-08" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.K. Lua" country="Singapore" location="Evans Road" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="SING0225269" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270FFFD3FD3CB70C0B1AFC26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270AFFD2FDD5B3950A29FC27:5F376007270FFFD3FD3CB70C0B1AFC26" box="[710,863,300,327]" country="Singapore" name="Evans Road" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Evans Road</location>
,
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<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270FFFD3FC89B70D0C54FC27" box="[883,1041,300,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2015-10-08">8 Oct. 2015</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FBDFB70C0C7BFC26" box="[1061,1086,301,326]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FBB8B70C0C1CFC26" box="[1090,1113,301,326]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Lua SING 2015-260
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;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FF47B76E0940FC0A" box="[189,261,335,362]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
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! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270FFFD3FE27B76E093CFCEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967315" collectingDate="2015-03-30" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.K. Lua" country="Singapore" location="Turf Club Road" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="SING0232261, SING0232260" specimenCount="1">
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,
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<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270FFFD3FD67B76E0B7DFC0A" box="[669,824,335,362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2015-03-30">30 Mar. 2015</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FCBBB7710B1FFC09" box="[833,858,336,361]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FCA4B7710B30FC09" box="[862,885,336,361]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Lua SING 2015-080
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;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FB8CB76E0CF9FC09" box="[1142,1212,335,361]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
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! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270FFFD3FE6CB7530C31FCED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967301" box="[406,1140,370,397]" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.N. Ridley" country="Singapore" location="Balestier Road" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="SING0042527" specimenCount="1">
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, 1899,
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<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FD67B7520AF3FCEC" box="[669,694,371,396]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
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.
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s.n.
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;
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! •
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270FFFD3FB6BB7520BF7FCD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967327" collectingDate="1931-07-15" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="R.E. Holttum" country="Singapore" location="Government House Domain" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="SING0042531" specimenCount="1">
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,
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<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270FFFD3FED0B7B709F8FCD0" box="[298,445,406,433]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="1931-07-15">15 Jul. 1931</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FE33B7B6099BFCD0" box="[457,478,407,432]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270FFFD3FE18B7B609BDFCD0" box="[482,504,407,432]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Holttum s.n.
</emphasis>
;
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[
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]
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270FFFD3FF47B7F60C90F80C" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270FFFD3FF47B7F6090BFC91" blockId="6.[189,334,471,497]" box="[189,334,471,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
<heading id="011F81B0270FFFD3FF47B7F6090BFC91" bold="true" box="[189,334,471,497]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FF47B7F6090BFC91" bold="true" box="[189,334,471,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270FFFD3FF47B4270C90F80C" blockId="6.[189,1399,518,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
Large woody climber with young shoots twining, abundant long descending aerial roots.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FB32B4270D79FF40" box="[1224,1340,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Old stems</emphasis>
with a smooth shiny uniformly coloured yellow-brown to red-brown thin outer layer, peeling in places, drying coarsely wrinkled with scattered raised pale lenticels, in cross section with vascular bundles divided radially, younger stems drying pale brown or grey, finely longitudinally wrinkled with abundant raised pale lenticels, young twigs drying uniformly longitudinally finely striate, glabrous.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FB7DB4B20C9DFFCC" box="[1159,1240,659,684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Leaves</emphasis>
membranous to subcoriaceous, glabrous, drying pale grey-green to grey-brown, generally slightly paler below, not peltate, main nerves more or less flush above, raised below, lamina ovate, 9–17 ×
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FB4AB4F80D76FF93" box="[1200,1331,729,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="cm" value="9.25" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–12 cm</quantity>
, base cordate, apex acuminate, main nerves palmately arranged, 5–7, with pit domatia in nerve axils below, tertiary venation reticulate and clearly visible from both surfaces in dry leaves; petioles
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FB37B53E0D76FE5A" box="[1229,1331,799,826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="3.0">3–11 cm</quantity>
long,
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wide midlength, glabrous, not notably swollen at either end when dry, base often geniculate with long straight central portion, drying pale brown, finely and uniformly longitudinally striate.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FAC0B5470927FEC3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Male inflorescences</emphasis>
solitary, arising from axils of fallen leaves or on old stems, main axis very slender, to
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FAA3B5A808A4FEA7" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
long, ca
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wide near base when dry, glabrous, drying brown, finely longitudinally striate, laxly bearing, more or less uniformly spaced fascicles of 3–4 flowers in a close­packed row on a very short, laterally compressed protruberance of the main axis, subtended by an ovate, incurved bracteole, ca
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FA92B5D208AEF950" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FEC8B23709CEF950" box="[306,395,1046,1073]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide, apex acute, glabrous, flowers developing in order from uppermost.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FB25B2370D32F950" box="[1247,1399,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Male flowers</emphasis>
mostly green in vivo, obovoid in bud, pedicel filiform,
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FCABB2180B94F933" box="[849,977,1081,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
long at anthesis, drying ca
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FAE1B2180D32F933" box="[1307,1399,1081,1107]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
wide, glabrous, drying brown, faintly longitudinally striate, sepals glabrous, outer sepals 3, elliptic 1–1.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FF2FB25E0923F9FA" box="[213,358,1151,1178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
, drying minutely verruculose outside, inner sepals 3, elliptic to obovate, 4 ×
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, apex rounded, base cuneate, in bud 1 inner sepal each with 2, 1 or 0 margins overlapped, reflexing at anthesis, drying brown, sometimes with ca 5 longitudinal veins visible, minutely verruculose outside, petals 6, basally connate, yellow in vivo, narrowly rhomboidal, ca 2 ×
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FC59B2C80BA9F863" box="[931,1004,1257,1283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, long basal portion with margins inrolled to
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270FFFD3FEBCB32D09FBF846" box="[326,446,1292,1318]" form="tube" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" rank="form">form tube</taxonomicName>
clasping filament of opposed stamen, apical portion ca 1 ×
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FB58B32D0CABF847" box="[1186,1262,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, spreading, stamens 6,
<quantity id="9D109B39270FFFD3FEBFB30E09ECF82A" box="[325,425,1327,1354]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
long, filament filiform or winged, wings widening distally, connective triangular with oblique thecae meeting apically.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FD83B3730B3BF80C" box="[633,894,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Female inflorescences</emphasis>
,
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and
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unknown.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="12F26557270FFFD3FF47B3B50BC3F8BC" box="[189,902,1428,1500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270FFFD3FF47B3B50913F8CE" blockId="6.[189,342,1428,1454]" box="[189,342,1428,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
<heading id="011F81B0270FFFD3FF47B3B50913F8CE" bold="true" box="[189,342,1428,1454]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FF47B3B50913F8CE" bold="true" box="[189,342,1428,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270FFFD3FF47B3E30BC3F8BC" blockId="6.[189,902,1474,1500]" box="[189,902,1474,1500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
Currently only known from
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FDF2B3E30A8BF8BC" box="[520,718,1474,1500]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FCFDB3E30BC7F8BC" box="[775,898,1474,1500]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270FFFD2FF47B0250A29FC27" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270FFFD3FF47B0250946FB7E" blockId="6.[189,259,1540,1566]" box="[189,259,1540,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
<heading id="011F81B0270FFFD3FF47B0250946FB7E" bold="true" box="[189,259,1540,1566]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FF47B0250946FB7E" bold="true" box="[189,259,1540,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270FFFD2FF47B0120A29FC27" blockId="6.[189,1399,1586,2000]" lastBlockId="7.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270FFFD3FF47B012092DFB2C" author="Forman L. L." box="[189,360,1586,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" pagination="157 - 253" refId="ref5741" refString="Forman L. L. 1986. Menispermaceae. In: Van Steenis C. G. G. J. (ed.) Flora Malesiana, ser. I, 10 (2): 157 - 253. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532690" type="journal article" year="1986">Forman (1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270FFFD3FE8DB01209F6FB2D" author="Forman L. L." box="[375,435,1587,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" pagination="79 - 83" refId="ref5794" refString="Forman L. L. 1993. Menispermaceae. In: Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2): 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
) referred the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FDA3B0130B67FB2C" box="[601,802,1586,1612]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
specimens to his
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270FFFD3FC01B0120CBFFB2C" box="[1019,1274,1586,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baenzigeri">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FC01B0120CBFFB2C" box="[1019,1274,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Tinospora baenzigeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species otherwise known from the strongly seasonal parts of Central and Northern
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FBADB0770C87FB10" box="[1111,1218,1622,1648]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, with droughtdeciduous vegetation. The occurrence of the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FD14B0580BFFFBF3" box="[750,954,1657,1683]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
plant on aseasonal
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FB4DB0580D74FBF3" box="[1207,1329,1657,1683]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, with collections dating back to the 19th Century, must raise questions as to whether there is only one species involved.
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270FFFD3FECAB0E1099AFBB9" author="Forman L. L." box="[304,479,1727,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" pagination="157 - 253" refId="ref5741" refString="Forman L. L. 1986. Menispermaceae. In: Van Steenis C. G. G. J. (ed.) Flora Malesiana, ser. I, 10 (2): 157 - 253. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532690" type="journal article" year="1986">Forman (1986)</bibRefCitation>
noted that there were many similarities between the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FBC3B09E0CE4FBB9" box="[1081,1185,1727,1753]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FB05B09E0940FB9C" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
collections, but that the male flower pedicels were considerably longer on
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FB8FB0C30D7BFB9C" box="[1141,1342,1762,1788]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
. The
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FF47B1270971FA40" box="[189,308,1798,1824]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Singapore</collectingCountry>
specimens are very similar to the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FD4DB1270B3EFA40" box="[695,891,1798,1824]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
ones. Given the consistent and considerable differences in the length of the pedicel in the male flowers, I feel justified in describing a new species for the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FEE2B16D09A4FA06" box="[280,481,1868,1894]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FDDAB16D0AD2FA06" box="[544,663,1868,1894]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Singapore</collectingCountry>
plant. Forman suggested that the plants on
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FB57B16D0D32FA06" box="[1197,1399,1868,1894]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
could be escapes from cultivation of imported plants. Given the distance between
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FB85B14E0D00FAE9" box="[1151,1349,1903,1929]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FF47B1B3096DFACC" box="[189,296,1938,1964]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, this seems unlikely, when considering
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270FFFD3FCFEB1B20C47FACC" box="[772,1026,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baenzigeri">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270FFFD3FCFEB1B20C47FACC" box="[772,1026,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Tinospora baenzigeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the species in question. But cultivating plants from
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FE22B1970A0AFAB0" box="[472,591,1974,2000]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Singapore</collectingCountry>
on
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270FFFD3FD7BB1970B0FFAB0" box="[641,842,1974,2000]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
seems more likely given the closer proximity and former political and cultural ties between the two islands (
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270EFFD2FC60B7280C27FC43" box="[922,1122,265,291]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
was administered from
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270EFFD2FF47B70D0971FC26" box="[189,308,300,326]" name="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Singapore</collectingCountry>
in the period 1949–1958).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:identifier id="1FA501A6C373B40B76FAFA971A136E10" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2311</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AFC64F70C70CA11D65B5A9126349AB93" type="Zenodo-Dep">10088441</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217314317" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<subSubSection id="12F26557270EFFD2FD96B74C0B82FCE8" box="[620,967,365,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FD96B74C0B82FCE8" blockId="7.[620,967,365,427]" box="[620,967,365,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="011F81B0270EFFD2FD96B74C0B82FCE8" box="[620,967,365,392]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270EFFD2FD96B74C0B82FCE8" ID-CoL="573PY" authority="Diels" authorityName="Diels" box="[620,967,365,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FD96B74C0BC7FCE8" bold="true" box="[620,898,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Tinospora macrocarpa</emphasis>
Diels
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270EFFD2FD0DB7B00B79FCCB" box="[759,828,401,427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FD0DB7B00B79FCCB" blockId="7.[620,967,365,427]" box="[759,828,401,427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<figureCitation id="C2D32A59270EFFD2FD0DB7B00B79FCCB" box="[759,828,401,427]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1981,2007]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,1100,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-220@7.[234,1353,1100,1939]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Specimen of Tinospora macrocarpa Diels from Singapore with unripe fruits. Photo: Paul Leong." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="12F26557270EFFD2FF47B7F30BC5FC8C" box="[189,896,466,493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FF47B7F30BC5FC8C" blockId="7.[189,1398,466,563]" box="[189,896,466,493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<treatmentCitation id="DB4910CD270EFFD2FF47B7F30B38FC8C" author="Diels" box="[189,893,466,493]" issue="46" journal="Das Pflanzenreich IV" page="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" volume="94" year="1910">
in
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB0270EFFD2FF24B7F30B38FC8C" author="Engler" box="[222,893,466,493]" issue="46" journal="Das Pflanzenreich IV" page="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" score="1.4060762813750918" volume="94" year="1910">
Engler,
<bibCitation id="8FC23EB0270EFFD2FEC6B7F20B38FC8C" box="[316,893,466,493]" issue="46" journal="Das Pflanzenreich IV" page="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" score="1.4060762813750918" volume="94" year="1910">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FEC6B7F20A7AFC8D" box="[316,575,466,493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FEC6B7F20A52FC8C" box="[316,535,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Das Pflanzenreich</emphasis>
IV
</collectorName>
, 94(46): 141 (
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D270EFFD2FD11B7F30B36FC8C" author="Diels L." box="[747,883,466,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref5630" refString="Diels L. 1910. Menispermaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV, 94 (46): 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1910">Diels 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270EFFD2FC70B7F20C8BFEFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FC70B7F20A64FF53" blockId="7.[189,1398,466,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FC70B7F20D55FF70" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967302" collectingDate="1868-06-07" collectionCode="K" collectorName="A.C. Maingay" country="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="K000644584" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Malacca" typeStatus="holotype">
–
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FC58B7F30BACFC8C" bold="true" box="[930,1001,466,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Type:</emphasis>
PENINSULAR
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270EFFD2FB49B7F30D0FFC8C" box="[1203,1354,466,492]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
– •
<collectingRegion id="982CF83E270EFFD2FF10B7D40915FF6F" box="[234,336,501,527]" country="Malaysia" name="Melaka" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Malacca</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="2E56101C270EFFD2FEA6B7D709A0FF6F" box="[348,485,501,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="1868-06-07">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270EFFD2FEA6B7D709A0FF6F" box="[348,485,501,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="1868-06-07">7 Jun. 1868</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FE0AB7D70A92FF70" box="[496,727,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FE0AB7D70A43FF70" box="[496,518,502,528]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FDF1B7D70A64FF70" box="[523,545,502,528]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FDD6B7D70AD0FF6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FDD6B7D70AD0FF6F" box="[556,661,502,527]" country="Malaysia" name="Maingay" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Melaka">Maingay</location>
3133
</emphasis>
[Kew Distrib. 111];
<typeStatus id="8553887E270EFFD2FC32B7D40C6AFF6F" box="[968,1071,501,527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FBCFB7D70C0FFF70" box="[1077,1098,502,528]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FBA2B7D40D44FF70" box="[1112,1281,501,528]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">K000644584</specimenCode>
]!;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FAECB7D40A5FFF53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967303" collectingDate="1868-06-07" collectionCode="K" collectorName="A.C. Maingay" country="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="K000644583" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Malacca" typeStatus="isotype">
possible
<typeStatus id="8553887E270EFFD2FF10B438097AFF53" box="[234,319,537,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FEBCB438091EFF53" box="[326,347,537,563]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FE90B4390A56FF53" box="[362,531,536,563]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">K000644583</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FF47B47B0A71FF14" blockId="7.[189,564,602,628]" box="[189,564,602,628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="011F81B0270EFFD2FF47B47B0A71FF14" bold="true" box="[189,564,602,628]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FF47B47B0A71FF14" bold="true" box="[189,564,602,628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FF47B4A80C8BFEFA" blockId="7.[189,1399,648,922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FF47B4A80CB1FFC3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967304" box="[189,1268,648,675]" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.N. Ridley" country="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING0042528" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C270EFFD2FF47B4A80927FFC3" box="[189,354,649,675]" name="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
•
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FE7CB4A80A5EFFC3" box="[390,539,649,675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Cluny Road</collectorName>
, 1899,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FD81B4A80B07FFC2" box="[635,834,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FD81B4A80AD1FFC2" box="[635,660,649,674]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FD62B4A80AF5FFC2" box="[664,688,649,674]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
.
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FD3AB4A80B49FFC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FD3AB4A80B49FFC3" box="[704,780,649,675]" country="Singapore" name="Ridley" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Ridley</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
[
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FCACB4A80BDFFFC3" box="[854,922,649,675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Talka</collectorName>
leg.];
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FC0BB4A90C72FFC3" box="[1009,1079,648,675]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FBC7B4A90CA8FFC3" box="[1085,1261,648,675]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0042528</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FAEDB4A80C0EFFA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967305" collectingDate="2010-06-15" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="Hassan et al." country="Singapore" location="Western Catchment" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING 2010-769, SING0146684" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FAEDB4A8097AFFA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FAEDB4A8097AFFA6" country="Singapore" name="Western Catchment" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Western Catchment</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270EFFD2FEB2B48D099BFFA6" box="[328,478,684,711]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2010-06-15">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270EFFD2FEB2B48D099BFFA6" box="[328,478,684,711]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2010-06-15">15 Jun. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FE1DB48C0B7EFFA6" box="[487,827,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FE1DB48C0A05FFA6" box="[487,576,685,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Hassan</collectorName>
et al.
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FD79B48D0B7EFFA6" box="[643,827,684,710]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING 2010-769</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FCB2B48D0BCBFFA6" box="[840,910,684,710]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FC6FB48D0C01FFA6" box="[917,1092,684,710]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0146684</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FBA5B48D0A88FF89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967336" collectingDate="2012-02-27" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="Ang &amp; Yeo" country="Singapore" location="Mandai Track" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING0168703" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FBA5B48D0D44FFA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FBA5B48D0D44FFA6" box="[1119,1281,684,710]" country="Singapore" name="Mandai Track" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Mandai Track</location>
7,
<date id="2E56101C270EFFD2FADBB48D08BEFF89" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2012-02-27">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270EFFD2FADBB48D08BEFF89" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2012-02-27">27 Feb. 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FEFDB4EE09FCFF89" box="[263,441,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FEFDB4EE0972FF89" box="[263,311,719,745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Ang</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FEA4B4F109CDFF89" box="[350,392,720,745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Yeo</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FE33B4EE0A4AFF89" box="[457,527,719,745]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FDECB4EE0A83FF89" box="[534,710,719,745]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0168703</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FD1DB4F10BFCFE6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967317" collectingDate="2019-05-12" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="Ng &amp; Yeo" country="Singapore" location="Nee Soon Firing Range" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING0315293, SING0315294, SING0310265" specimenCount="3">
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FD1DB4F10C45FF8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FD1DB4F10C45FF8A" box="[743,1024,719,746]" country="Singapore" name="Nee Soon Firing Range" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Nee Soon Firing Range</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270EFFD2FBF6B4EE0CE8FF89" box="[1036,1197,719,746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2019-05-12">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270EFFD2FBF6B4EE0CE8FF89" box="[1036,1197,719,746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2019-05-12">12 May 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FB43B4F1096BFE6C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FB43B4F10C9EFF89" box="[1209,1243,720,745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Ng</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FAF9B4F10D68FF89" box="[1283,1325,720,745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Yeo</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FACFB4EE096BFE6C" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING 2019-483</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FEBAB4D309C3FE6D" box="[320,390,754,781]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FE76B4D30A78FE6D" box="[396,573,754,781]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0315293</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FDB0B4D30ABDFE6D" box="[586,760,754,781]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0315294</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FCFFB4D30BF1FE6D" box="[773,948,754,781]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0310265</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FC2CB4D30A8CFE50" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967309" collectingDate="1921-04-06" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="Deshmukh" country="Singapore" location="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING0243590" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FC2CB4D30D65FE6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FC2CB4D30D65FE6C" box="[982,1312,754,780]" country="Singapore" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Singapore Botanic Gardens</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270EFFD2FAD7B4D308BFFE50" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="1921-04-06">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270EFFD2FAD7B4D308BFFE50" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="1921-04-06">6 Apr. 1921</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FEFDB53409F0FE4F" box="[263,437,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FEFDB53409C1FE4F" box="[263,388,789,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Deshmukh</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FE3CB5340A49FE50" box="[454,524,789,816]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FDE9B5340A87FE50" box="[531,706,789,816]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0243590</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FD1EB5340D33FE50" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967322" box="[740,1398,789,816]" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.N. Ridley" country="Singapore" location="Balestier" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING0042532" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FD1EB5340B0BFE4F" box="[740,846,789,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Balestier</collectorName>
, 1898,
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<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FC5FB5370BFBFE4F" box="[933,958,790,815]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FC3BB5370B9CFE4F" box="[961,985,790,815]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
.
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FC1FB5340C74FE4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FC1FB5340C74FE4F" box="[997,1073,789,815]" country="Singapore" name="Ridley" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Ridley</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FB89B5340CFCFE50" box="[1139,1209,789,816]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FB3AB5340D2AFE50" box="[1216,1391,789,816]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0042532</specimenCode>
]
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•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FF34B5180BD9FE33" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967326" box="[206,924,824,851]" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.N. Ridley" country="Singapore" location="Yo Chu Kang" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING0042525" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FF34B5180936FE33" box="[206,371,825,851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Yo Chu Kang</collectorName>
, 1902,
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<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FE30B51809A6FE32" box="[458,483,825,850]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FE1DB51809BAFE32" box="[487,511,825,850]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
.
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FDF1B5180A12FE33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FDF1B5180A12FE33" box="[523,599,825,851]" country="Singapore" name="Ridley" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Ridley</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FD63B5190A9AFE33" box="[665,735,824,851]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FD1FB5190BD3FE33" box="[741,918,824,851]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0042525</specimenCode>
]
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•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FC4DB5180C6CFE17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967338" collectingDate="2022-02-09" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="R.C.J. Lim &amp; X.Y. Ng" country="Singapore" location="Pasir Panjang Nursery" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="SING0359031" specimenCount="1">
cultivated in
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FBA8B5180D19FE33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FBA8B5180D19FE33" box="[1106,1372,825,851]" country="Singapore" municipality="Ng" name="Pasir Panjang Nursery" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Pasir Panjang Nursery</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270EFFD2FA92B518097DFE16" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2022-02-09">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270EFFD2FA92B518097DFE16" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="2022-02-09">9 Feb. 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FEBFB57D0B57FE16" box="[325,786,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FEBFB57D091FFE16" box="[325,346,860,886]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FEA5B57D0930FE16" box="[351,373,860,886]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FE83B57D09CEFE16" box="[377,395,860,886]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FE62B57C0983FE16" box="[408,454,861,886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Lim</collectorName>
&amp; X.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FDF0B57C0A59FE16" box="[522,540,861,886]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA6270EFFD2FDD3B57C0A0EFE16" box="[553,587,861,886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Ng</collectingMunicipality>
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FDAFB57D0B57FE16" box="[597,786,860,886]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING 2022-242</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FCD9B57D0B2FFE17" box="[803,874,860,887]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA7270EFFD2FC8BB57D0C67FE17" box="[881,1058,860,887]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">SING0359031</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FBC0B57D0A62FEFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967312" collectionCode="K" collectorName="A.C. Maingay" country="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1">
1867–1868,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FB35B57D08BDFEF9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FB35B57D0CA0FE16" box="[1231,1253,860,886]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FB13B57D0CBAFE16" box="[1257,1279,860,886]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FAF7B57C0D33FE16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FAF7B57C0D33FE16" box="[1293,1398,861,886]" country="Singapore" name="Maingay" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Maingay</location>
2594
</emphasis>
[
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FEFCB5A10905FEFA" box="[262,320,896,922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Kew</collectorName>
distrib. no. 112];
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FDE8B5A10A62FEFA" box="[530,551,896,922]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="EA803C81270EFFD2FDC5B55E0C8FFEFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967340" box="[575,1226,895,922]" collectingDate="1890-02-14" collectionCode="BM" collectorName="J.S. Goodenough" country="Singapore" location="Tanah Runto" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1">
<location id="5F376007270EFFD2FDC5B55E0A9CFEFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA270EFFDDFD96B74C0D55F9C0:5F376007270EFFD2FDC5B55E0A9CFEFA" box="[575,729,895,922]" country="Singapore" name="Tanah Runto" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Tanah Runto</location>
,
<date id="2E56101C270EFFD2FD1EB55E0BC4FEF9" box="[740,897,895,921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="1890-02-14">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F4270EFFD2FD1EB55E0BC4FEF9" box="[740,897,895,921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" value="1890-02-14">14 Feb. 1890</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FC77B55E0CCCFEF9" box="[909,1161,895,921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FC77B55E0BDAFEF9" box="[909,927,895,921]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FC59B55E0BF1FEF9" box="[931,948,895,921]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="F71D530A270EFFD2FC45B55E0C1DFEF9" box="[959,1112,895,921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Goodenough</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE19270EFFD2FB63B5A10C8FFEFA" box="[1177,1226,896,922]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">BM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F26557270EFFDDFF47B5E10A5BFE37" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FF47B5E1090BFEBA" blockId="7.[189,334,960,986]" box="[189,334,960,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="011F81B0270EFFD2FF47B5E1090BFEBA" bold="true" box="[189,334,960,986]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FF47B5E1090BFEBA" bold="true" box="[189,334,960,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFDDFF47B5D10A5BFE37" blockId="7.[189,1398,1007,1068]" lastBlockId="8.[189,1399,265,855]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
Large woody climber with twining young shoots; descdending aerial roots present.
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FB87B5CE0CAAF969" box="[1149,1263,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Old stems</emphasis>
drying red-brown, irregularly longitudinally wrinkled, bark thin, smooth, shiny with scattered pale raised lenticels, young stems paler brown, more consistently longitudinally striate, glabrous.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFB9BB72B0CF7FC43" box="[1121,1202,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Leaves</emphasis>
membranous to chartaceous, glabrous, not peltate, basally 5-nerved, generally with minutely papillate glandular patches on lower lamina surface between bases of main nerves, nerves flush to slightly raised above in dry leaves, raised below, lamina ovate, 7.5–18 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFD30B7530B76FCED" box="[714,819,370,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5–13 cm</quantity>
, base truncate to strongly cordate, apex acute and acuminate, acumen may be fine and sharply pointed, reticulations visible on both surfaces; petiole
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFAB9B7B70942FCB4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="8.75" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5– 13 cm</quantity>
long, drying
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFE52B7980A4FFCB4" box="[424,522,441,468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
wide, longitudinally striate, not notably swollen at either end, but usually geniculate at base.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFE63B7FD0AC5FC96" box="[409,640,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Male inflorescences</emphasis>
borne in groups on the old stems, unbranched, slender, sometime slightly zigzag,
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFE80B42109A4FF7A" box="[378,481,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="7.0">7–20 cm</quantity>
long; flowers borne about 3 together subtended by bracteole
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFB40B7DE0D76FF7A" box="[1210,1331,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B4030912FF5C" box="[189,343,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Male flowers</emphasis>
subsessile, outer sepals 3, triangular-ovate
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFCA4B4020BFCFF5D" box="[862,953,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long, inner sepals 3, broadly elliptic, concave
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFEDFB46709D9FF00" box="[293,412,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
long; petals 6, oblong with lateral edges incurved; stamens 6,
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFB80B4670C91FF00" box="[1146,1236,582,608]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFAE4B4670927FFE3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Female inflorescences</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFE64B4480A0FFFE3" box="[414,586,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">female flowers</emphasis>
unknown.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFD2AB4480BC3FFE3" box="[720,902,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Infructescences</emphasis>
to
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFC55B4480BBFFFE4" box="[943,1018,617,644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
long, fruiting pedicel
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFAFFB4480D32FFE4" box="[1285,1399,617,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5–13 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFEFAB4AD0927FFC7" box="[256,354,652,679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
thick, drupes 1–3 per flower, mostly 1, ovoid, 4 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFC43B4AD0C6FFFC7" box="[953,1066,652,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 cm</quantity>
, green with pale spots when immature, ripening orange, drying dull black, longitudinally wrinkled with a short beak and short stipe, glabrous, pericarp thick, mesocarp white and mucilaginous, endocarp ovoid, 3–3.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFB60B4F30D5AFF8D" box="[1178,1311,722,749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 cm</quantity>
, drying almost white, ventrally with a pronounced groove, dorsally with a slight narrow ridge that becomes a more prominent keel basally, scattered irregularly tubercules laterally.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFC05B5380C73FE53" box="[1023,1078,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Seed</emphasis>
± cylindrical, ca 2 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392701FFDDFACEB5380D37FE54" box="[1332,1394,793,820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
, with a marked ventral groove.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0E976654270EFFD2FF47B19C0D32FAB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088449" box="[189,1399,1981,2008]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" startId="7.[189,232,1981,2007]" targetBox="[234,1353,1100,1939]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC270EFFD2FF47B19C0D32FAB8" blockId="7.[189,1399,1981,2008]" box="[189,1399,1981,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FF47B19C094FFAB7" bold="true" box="[189,266,1981,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Specimen of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F270EFFD2FE53B19F0AB9FAB7" authority="Diels" authorityName="Diels" box="[425,764,1981,2007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE270EFFD2FE53B19F0AFDFAB7" box="[425,696,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">Tinospora macrocarpa</emphasis>
Diels
</taxonomicName>
from Singapore with unripe fruits. Photo: Paul Leong.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFF47B55C0D00FE89" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B55C0913FEF7" blockId="8.[189,342,893,919]" box="[189,342,893,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFF47B55C0913FEF7" bold="true" box="[189,342,893,919]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B55C0913FEF7" bold="true" box="[189,342,893,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B58D0D00FE89" blockId="8.[189,1399,940,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
Endemic to the Malay Peninsula.
<bibRefCitation id="3E794B2D2701FFDDFD9AB58C0B50FEA6" author="Forman L. L." box="[608,789,940,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" pagination="157 - 253" refId="ref5741" refString="Forman L. L. 1986. Menispermaceae. In: Van Steenis C. G. G. J. (ed.) Flora Malesiana, ser. I, 10 (2): 157 - 253. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532690" type="journal article" year="1986">Forman (1986)</bibRefCitation>
included some fruiting specimens from
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in
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<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B5F1092FFE89" box="[189,362,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">T. macrocarpa</emphasis>
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, but these appear to me to represent a separate species and are hence excluded here.
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<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B2610995F939" box="[189,464,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Tinospora macrocarpa</emphasis>
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has glandular patches on the lower lamina surface between the main nerves. These readily distinguish the species from the others found in
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. The scattered tubercles on the endocarps contrast with the densely verruculate endocarps of
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I.M.Turner
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-04-23" collectingMethod="Manual" collectionCode="DZRJ" collectorName="Takiya, D. M." country="Brazil" latitude="-3.8341665" location="Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Trilha Araticum, Rio das Minas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.905003" pageId="0" pageNumber="8354" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Takiya, D.M.</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">2</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">adult</specimenType>
; Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
; municipality: Ubajara; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D241B2776D4F45A4D493B2361F4D55DC:14113AC4F02C2D731759CAB4F1680736" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.8341665" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.905003" name="Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Trilha Araticum, Rio das Minas" pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Trilha Araticum, Rio das Minas</location>
; maximumElevationInMeters: 524; verbatimCoordinates:
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.8341665">3°50'3&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-40.905003">40°54'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Brunno H. L. Sampaio</determinerName>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Manual</collectingMethod>
; verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8354" value="2012-04-23">23.iv.12</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">DZRJ</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>