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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23d1b4ba-12f6-48bf-8cb4-a07a340488f9" ID-PMC="PMC3950464" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-383-1" ID-PubMed="24624021" ID-ZBK="93106FE982C8493791E7339AEAD74BE5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-383-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 383" ModsDocTitle="Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica" checkinTime="1451246290001" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., Whitfield, James B., Rodriguez, Josephine J., Smith, M. Alex, Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie D., Hajibabaei, Mehrdad, Burns, John M., Solis, M. Alma, Brown, John, Cardinal, Sophie, Goulet, Henri &amp; Hebert, Paul D. N." docDate="2014" docId="AA632539006092D980C241B909FB718A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 383: 1-565" docOrigin="ZooKeys 383" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418" docTitle="Apanteles javiercontrerasi Fernandez-Triana, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="7994CB5E-9CF8-4C49-B270-62CDDD4220CC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="060FFFBFFFDE4805FFDDDF66FFB3FFAE" masterDocTitle="Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica" masterLastPageNumber="565" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="168" updateTime="1668157750355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Josephine J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hajibabaei, Mehrdad</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burns, John M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brown, John</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardinal, Sophie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Goulet, Henri</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hebert, Paul D. N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>383</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>565</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">93106FE982C8493791E7339AEAD74BE5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051246" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7994CB5E-9CF8-4C49-B270-62CDDD4220CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA632539006092D980C241B909FB718A" lastPageId="168" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/7994CB5E-9CF8-4C49-B270-62CDDD4220CC" authority="Fernandez-Triana" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles javiercontrerasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javiercontrerasi">
<pageBreakToken pageId="167" pageNumber="168" start="start">Apanteles</pageBreakToken>
javiercontrerasi
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="167" pageNumber="168">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 93, 272
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
Rodriguez123.
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="12359 - 12364" title="Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology and collections." url="10.1073/pnas.0805319105" volume="105" year="2008">Smith et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. Interim name provided by the authors.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Bosque Aguirre, 620m, 11.00060, -85.43800.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002284, 04-SRNP-26851. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Bosque Aguirre, 02.xii.2004, 620m, 11.00060, -85.43800, 04-SRNP-26851.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">32 ♀, 21 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004073, DHJPAR0002234, DHJPAR0002287, DHJPAR0031088, DHJPAR0035444, 09-SRNP-69957.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="168" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="167" pageNumber="168">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="168" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
Female. Body color: head dark, mesosoma dark with parts of axillar complex pale, metasoma with some mediotergites, most laterotergites, sternites, and/or hypopygium pale. Antenna color: scape and/or pedicel pale, flagellum dark. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): pale, pale, pale. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): pale, pale, pale. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): pale, pale, anteriorly pale/posteriorly dark. Tegula and humeral complex color: both pale. Pterostigma color: dark with pale spot at base. Fore wing veins color: mostly dark (a few veins may be unpigmented). Antenna length/body length: antenna about as long as body (head to apex of metasoma); if slightly shorter, at least extending beyond anterior 0.7 metasoma length. Body in lateral view: not distinctly flattened
<normalizedToken originalValue="dorso–ventrally">dorso-ventrally</normalizedToken>
. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.9-3.0 mm, rarely 2.3-2.4 mm, 2.5-2.6 mm or 2.7-2.8 mm. Fore wing length: 2.7-2.8 mm, 2.9-3.0 mm, rarely 2.5-2.6 mm.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ocular–ocellar">Ocular-ocellar</normalizedToken>
line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0-2.2. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0-2.2. Antennal flagellomerus 2 length/width: 2.3-2.5. Antennal flagellomerus 14 length/width: 1.1-1.3. Length of flagellomerus 2/length of flagellomerus 14: 2.3-2.5. Tarsal claws: with single basal
<normalizedToken originalValue="spine–like">spine-like</normalizedToken>
seta. Metafemur length/width: 2.8-2.9. Metatibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length: 0.4-0.5. Anteromesoscutum: mostly smooth or with shallow sparse punctures, except for lateral and/or posterior margins where it has deeper and/or denser punctures. Mesoscutellar disc: mostly smooth. Number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus: 9 or 10. Maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum: 0.4-0.5. Propodeum areola: completely defined by carinae, including transverse carina extending to spiracle. Propodeum background sculpture: mostly sculptured. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.9-3.1. Mediotergite 1 shape: mostly
<normalizedToken originalValue="parallel–sided">parallel-sided</normalizedToken>
for 0.5-0.7 of its length, then narrowing posteriorly so mediotergite anterior width&gt;1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
posterior width. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: with some sculpture near lateral margins and/or posterior 0.2-0.4 of mediotergite. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.2-3.5. Mediotergite 2
<pageBreakToken pageId="168" pageNumber="169" start="start">sculpture</pageBreakToken>
: mostly smooth. Outer margin of hypopygium: with a wide, medially folded, transparent,
<normalizedToken originalValue="semi–desclerotized">semi-desclerotized</normalizedToken>
area; usually with 4 or more pleats. Ovipositor thickness: anterior width at most 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
posterior width (beyond ovipositor constriction). Ovipositor sheaths length/metatibial length: 0.4-0.5, rarely 0.6-0.7. Length of fore wing veins r/2RS: 1.1-1.3. Length of fore wing veins 2RS/2M: 1.4-1.6. Length of fore wing veins 2M/(RS+M)b: 0.7-0.8. Pterostigma length/width: 2.6-3.0. Point of insertion of vein r in pterostigma: about half way point length of pterostigma. Angle of vein r with fore wing anterior margin: clearly outwards, inclined towards fore wing apex. Shape of junction of veins r and 2RS in fore wing: distinctly but not strongly angled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Male. As in female.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="molecular data">
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Sequences in BOLD: 33, barcode compliant sequences: 31.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="biology/ecology">
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Biology/ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
Gregarious (Fig. 272). Hosts:
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Ategumia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ategumia lotanalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lotanalis">Ategumia lotanalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Ategumia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ategumia matutinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matutinalis">Ategumia matutinalis</taxonomicName>
and sibling cryptic species hiding inside these names.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Costa Rica, ACG.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="168" pageNumber="169">We dedicate this species to Javier Contreras in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Mantenimiento mechanico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0c40684-8d8e-4aa2-ab8e-461105f5ea96" ID-PMC="PMC8426314" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1059-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ABC7C4F5491951E59A72F1FFC1BC0A5F" ID-PubMed="34566444" ID-ZooBank="650D7F4C990E4CBF88E3F0CD38EEC377" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1059-1" checkinTime="1630544413484" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Zhe-Yu, Lyu, Zhi-Tong &amp; Wu, Min" docDate="2021" docId="AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1059: 1-21" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1059" docPubDate="2021-09-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385" docTitle="Stegodera Martens 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="ABC7C4F5491951E59A72F1FFC1BC0A5F" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ABC7C4F5491951E59A72F1FFC1BC0A5F" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150887741" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Zhe-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of food science and engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China &amp; School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Lyu, Zhi-Tong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Wu, Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="185459885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AA63B94A-F093-547F-99D6-3E116AAE19D2" authority="Martens, 1876" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stegodera Martens, 1876</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix (Stegodera)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stegodera">Helix (Stegodera)</taxonomicName>
Martens in Pfeiffer 1876: 150;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" author="Schmacker, B" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B38" refString="Schmacker, B, Boettger, O, 1894. Description of some Chinese land-shells. Proceedings of the Malacological Society 1: 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" title="Description of some Chinese land-shells." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" volume="1" year="1894">Schmacker and Boettger 1894</bibRefCitation>
: 173.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stegodera</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 64,
<bibRefCitation author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B50" refString="Yen, TC, 1939. Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 444: 1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 126;
<bibRefCitation author="Zilch, A" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B51" refString="Zilch, A, 1960. Teil 2, Euthyneura. In: Wenz W (Ed.) Gastropoda, Handbuch der Palaeozoologie (ed. Schindewolf OH), Band 6, Gastropoda. Berlin: Gebrueder Borntraeger, 835 pp. [(4): 601-835 (1960)] [Abb. 2112-2515, I-XII]" title="Teil 2, Euthyneura. In: Wenz W (Ed.) Gastropoda, Handbuch der Palaeozoologie (ed. Schindewolf OH), Band 6, Gastropoda. Berlin: Gebrueder Borntraeger, 835 pp. [(4): 601 - 835 (1960)] [Abb. 2112 - 2515, I-XII]" year="1960">Zilch 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 610;
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1467 - 1626" refId="B36" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2003. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (11): 1467 - 1626" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae." volume="2" year="2003">Schileyko 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 1512.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Steganodera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Steganodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Steganodera</taxonomicName>
Kobelt, 1879: 236 (incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation);
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1467 - 1626" refId="B36" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2003. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (11): 1467 - 1626" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae." volume="2" year="2003">Schileyko 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 1512 (syn pro
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stegodera</taxonomicName>
Martens, 1876).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Plectopylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectopylis (Stegodera)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stegodera">Plectopylis (Stegodera)</taxonomicName>
. - Pilsbry 1894: 147.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Planispira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planispira (Stegodera)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stegodera">Planispira (Stegodera)</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B40" refString="Thiele, J, 1931. Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Vol. 1, Teil 2: 377-778. Gustav Fischer, Jena." title="Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Vol. 1, Teil 2: 377 - 778. Gustav Fischer, Jena." year="1931">Thiele 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 681.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix angusticollis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angusticollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix angusticollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martens, 1875, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell sinistral. Apical whorls with dense fine ribs that gradually becoming granules. The last 1/4 body whorl compressed, apically covering the contacted penultimate whorl. Peristome expanded and slightly reflexed. Head wart absent. Each side of mantle edge with a leaf-shaped appendage. Penis sheath weakly present. Penis externally simple. Epiphallic papilla absent. Flagellum present. Dart sac apparatus present. Accessory sac well developed. Mucous glands with numerous gland tubes. Membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia absent. Poly-layered structure in dart sac and/or accessory sac absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This genus was considered as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758 or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Plectopylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectopylis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plectopylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1860 for some time (Martens 1876;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" author="Schmacker, B" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B38" refString="Schmacker, B, Boettger, O, 1894. Description of some Chinese land-shells. Proceedings of the Malacological Society 1: 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" title="Description of some Chinese land-shells." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" volume="1" year="1894">Schmacker and Boettger 1894</bibRefCitation>
; Pilsbry 1894).
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry (1905)</bibRefCitation>
formally established its independent status.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Traumatophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ancey, 1887 were considered to be closely related, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Traumatophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was once treated as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="52 - 73" refId="B12" refString="Gude, GK, 1920. The armature of land Mollusca. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 14 (1): 52 - 73" title="The armature of land Mollusca." volume="14" year="1920">Gude 1920</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry (1905)</bibRefCitation>
believed that the two shallow grooves in the throat area of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are likely to be homologous to the dentition in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Traumatophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In light of the genital system,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Emura" authorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Nesiohelix" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesiohelix" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesiohelix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the most important character states like the presences of flagellum, numerous tubes of mucous glands and the papilla distally leading to mucous glands on the inner wall of the accessory sac, and the absences of the epiphallic papilla, poly-layered structure in dart sac apparatus and membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.32697" author="Wu, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B46" refString="Wu, M, 2019. A taxonomic note on the helicoid land snail genus Traumatophora (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae). ZooKeys 835: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.32697" title="A taxonomic note on the helicoid land snail genus Traumatophora (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.32697" volume="835" year="2019">Wu 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The close relationship between them in genitalia is supported by the phylogenetic result of this work (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bayesian Inferences of camaenids (representatives of genera in Table 1) based on partial mitochondrial 16 S and CO 1 sequences. Numbers near nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. The squares on the right of each taxon name indicate its character states. Abbreviations: PS: penial sheath; EpP: epiphallic papilla; PC: penial caecum; Fl: flagellum; DS: dart sac apparatus A phylogram without Australian camaenids B the results of ancestral states (tagged on branch in red, blue, or black) reconstruction mapping on the phylogram with some Australian camaenid genera added. Orange part: the topologies supported by the results respectively by using both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods. Character states are from Schileyko (2003) and Wu (2019). Scale bars for substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/584114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="5C62E729BFCF836BE5F8D2DDCBFE807C" ID-CoL="3B5DB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Eriophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginatum" status="spec. nov.">Eriophorum vaginatum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="30AFB90BD9B5EF0E4C239BC5A96C6494" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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1. Eriophorum culmis vaginatis teretibus, spica paleacea.
<emphasis id="DD8F5E26F50FD71D2CC2024687B15370" italics="true">Fl. svec. 45. Dalib. paris.18.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C45DF447DAF9E50D2FE959B329D2069" pageNumber="52">
Eriophorum spica erecta, caule tereti.
<emphasis id="D187F0C2809B5CFD985865A7E18F5596" italics="true">Fl. lapp. 23. Roy. lugdb.51.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="C3F95CEB48413A0BEBA12AD0A7079A3D" pageNumber="52">
Gramen tomentosum alpinum &amp; minus.
<emphasis id="14C34615F10A16ADA0F137FD51F954B9" italics="true">Bauh. pin.5. prodr. 10. Burs.1:43.</emphasis>
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Juncus alpinus capitulo lanuginoso s. Schoenolagurus.
<emphasis id="45CA1C14C8CB1C688A44BBD5AFFF1783" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 12. prodr. 23. theatr. 188. Scheuch. gram. 302. t.7. f.1.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="549CB7CCF6EB74E568D73A21764A04B6" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="AD320F3998258C5F699AAF53A4EDEA68" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Europae
<emphasis id="647952CE57970D79DC5BEB62C1123DCA" italics="true">frigidis sterilibus. ♃</emphasis>
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