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tritici-nigrofusca-eruta-
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Komplex
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Im neuen Beobachtungszeitraum liegen seit 2014 aus dem Gebiet&gt;17 Datensätze über Falterfunde aus diesem schwierigen Artenkomplex vor. Eine Artzuordnung ist problematisch: Nach Meinung von
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„ … erlauben weder äussere noch genitalmorphologische Merkmale die zweifelsfreie Unterscheidung der Taxa … Auch vorläufige Ergebnisse des „DNA-Barcoding“ sprechen nicht für Unterschiede auf Artniveau … “ (S. 9293).
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Bei den jährlichen Treffen märkischer Entomologen in Dannenreich, die auch der Bestimmung schwieriger Arten dienten, wurden drei der vorgelegten Falter dem Habitus nach den Taxa
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<emphasis id="7EA0EB4DFF904A66CC6445920EA53691" box="[1142,1249,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="279">nigrofusca</emphasis>
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bzw.
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</taxonomicName>
durch J. Gelbrecht und A. Steiner zugeordnet. Die Daten dieser Funde werden nachfolgend aufgeführt (keine Genitalpräparation).
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<taxonomicName id="715670E3B7DC122B89B94CC6787F4C31" ID-CoL="6JH9C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">Forelius pruinosus</taxonomicName>
(Roger 1863)
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<paragraph id="6C109B54BB7E45A59688E35242A0FDE3" pageNumber="57">(Fig. 6)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DDF66DCB1196558439017C4BF04BCEAD" pageNumber="57">
Material examined: Colombia. (3w), Magdalena; Santa Marta; Vda. Mosquito.
<geoCoordinate id="4029B668F4B0041D500809C951D78B47" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="11.173223">11°10'23.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6734A0809C72D9FCEF81A37ED022ECC5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-74.17916">74°10'45&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
96 m; Manual collection; 03.Jan.2008; D. Olivero &amp; M. Escarraga, coll. Deposited in Insect Collection of University of Magdalena (CEUM), Santa Marta, Colombia.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2FE1ECF0504F75A82707C6662E6261C5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9C60BDBFA07A2784AA0333231CFF1A28" pageNumber="57">Geographic distribution: Bahamas, Colombia (Magdalena), Costa Rica (Guanacaste), Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, The West Indies, USA [Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, North Dakota (Wheeler &amp; Wheeler 1963), Texas].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA081A200A2F30163AB8B34FDA3DBA3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2531002ED48987C74618F16AFF9058C4" pageNumber="57">
Cuezzo (2000) provided a taxonomic key for all species of
<taxonomicName id="62C51BC00B6F17D24163E283515A8F69" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2468" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forelius</taxonomicName>
known. Due to the new synonymy between
<taxonomicName id="C03B1E1BA7492F868FE6BB0464EBF3A7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius analis (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">F. analis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6347A4B6CCD8F4B1C4899F4682DF6C30" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="78" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
(Ward 2005) and the description of
<taxonomicName id="ABA781C4398A71884821BAAE2A316521" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="414" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
, we provide a new key for the species with circular propodeal spiracle, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="2CF126E83C34D09032E70B23F93E7E4C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius keiferi Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiferi">F. keiferi</taxonomicName>
. The descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="F2F06EA38D9EAE81AF022DB71D1F99F4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius keiferi Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiferi">F. keiferi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DD9CD976A5E7E71F5126E17A844F50F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="35" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
given in Cuezzo (2000) overlap in many characters and the status of
<taxonomicName id="219B93B46BB481FD1443359051AE117C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229461" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius keiferi Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keiferi">F. keiferi</taxonomicName>
as a species distinct from
<taxonomicName id="3A66D90B5A3EA43EE54E976E4CD26CFC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="10" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
is not certain.
</paragraph>
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<subSection id="DAF18AC27B2EAC48EC1936524CAC5ADA" type="multiple">
<caption id="A9F20DA7D14ADC64FE4070EED986745B">
<paragraph id="D6B8C4B31100395CE92E424783526F1C" pageNumber="58">
<pageStartToken id="D39ABD65C3B78207802EE2C5A9495AFA" pageNumber="58">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
6.
<taxonomicName id="C2F162CC330564C89B9B127AAFE5686A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">Forelius pruinosus</taxonomicName>
from Costa Rica. a. Head in full face view. b. Body in lateral view. Images PSW14182- 1, photographer: April Nobile.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<subSubSection id="63B14C48B8A858087617C19DE22A3C4B" type="key">
<paragraph id="8A8E7D00505EBA9A14E20C397B48162B" pageNumber="58">
Key to species of
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Emery with spiracles rounded [based on workers; modified from Cuezzo (2000)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812C55392EC9F54A10E6D3A6FB9EEE36" pageNumber="58">
1. Small workers (TL 1.6 - 1.7 mm). Scapes barely reaching vertex margin (SI &lt;90). Mesosomal outline always continuous in lateral view. (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay).....................
<taxonomicName id="1D98E6CF550ECC3CF7A5ADA319316F8F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175168" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pusillus Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus (Santschi)</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 4)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3D1F7A08CFB18A523EAEB3B87DDDAF5" pageNumber="58">- Worker size variable (TL 1.4 - 2.5 mm). Scapes reaching or surpassing vertex margin by at least 1/6 of their length (SI&gt; 90). Mesosomal outline variable.....................................................................................2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4E0841975C41E01FE8B20EAF56BD722" pageNumber="58">
2. Pronotum bearing only two erect setae. Dorsal face of propodeum lacking erect setae. (Colombia, Costa Rica, USA)......................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9EA1C7EAF9FB49B36D86E059606C6694" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">damiani</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8FADE69DA35571D75E2C679E8225AFD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Fig. 1 &amp; 2)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="879C7BA0617BE3A650A184D0ACBEC328" pageNumber="58">
- Pronotum bearing more than two erect setae. Dorsal face of propodeum bearing erect setae. Note: Some evidence of intergradation between
<taxonomicName id="0D68531D609957BCDFC81AFB7CF5D84D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="603" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE560169CD3349C1B071B5684DE72FDD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29038" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="472" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius mccooki (McCook)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mccooki">F. mccooki</taxonomicName>
(Ward 2005) suggests that
<taxonomicName id="3CFE8D39A1BDBFF3F704E639BA5736C4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="642" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
may contain a number of cryptic species, and may also hybridize with the very similar
<taxonomicName id="80AFD554DB3BF643326E2D6C063B3B19" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29038" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="500" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius mccooki (McCook)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mccooki">F. mccooki</taxonomicName>
........3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D11B802BB1DB8D25637E052363A28949" pageNumber="58">
3. Mandibles with four teeth and three to four denticles. Pronotum usually with six erect setae. Dorsal face of mesosoma bearing more than 10 erect setae. (Jamaica, Mexico, USA) ......
<taxonomicName id="449342246964464F054EE73475E561AE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29038" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius mccooki (McCook)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mccooki">mccooki (McCook)</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 5)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DE28F9B5672B47133BD00DC5039CBA1" lastPageNumber="59" pageNumber="58">
- Mandibles with five teeth and one or two denticles. Pronotum usually with four erect setae. Dorsal face of
<pageStartToken id="26AE0F97F59282DBAD0389B16C848AFE" pageNumber="59">mesosoma</pageStartToken>
bearing 2 to 6 erect setae. (Bahamas, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, USA)...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="2378643231233A1C9B59F2C2579BBD17" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">pruinosus (Roger)</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 6)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E2A1DB33318A69453AF62F10FC1E227" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E43AED625F8745F7767D357A52835828" pageNumber="59">Discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="55646D0C550F60CA1FA26FB156EB8C2F" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="1FF61037100FB4CE125D62F7B0FE672C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">Forelius damiani</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87AE14138DB4D55F0E54EFE05B94BB2A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1050" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
are the first species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="A42C83188BD9A6CEBAB21F892584B5FF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2468" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forelius</taxonomicName>
known from Colombia. Both species have been collected in the lowland dry forest of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta while
<taxonomicName id="4400A15B42BD99A8D45B082DFF239E69" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="108" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
has also been collected in Zambrano (Bolivar), northern Colombia. The Zambrano specimens do not differ from those of the type locality. The workers of
<taxonomicName id="E13F5698358B8AF28C3031E2E51760AD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="121" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
from Costa Rica differ somewhat in size (TL 1.50 - 1.68 mm in Costa Rica vs. TL 1.40 - 1.58 mm in Colombia) and the length of the scapes (exceeding the vertexal margin by 0.04 mm in Costa Rica, not exceeding the vertexal margin in Colombia). While the TL of the workers showed differences between the populations of Costa Rica and Colombia, the length of mesosoma is less variable and the measurements for the two countries broadly overlap (MsL 0.46 - 0.56 mm in Costa Rica vs. MsL 0.44 - 0.58 mm in Colombia). Specimens from Costa Rica are darker brown than those from Colombia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="34B96AE976B76E5E426AF0916579AF9E" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="34B7AB3CFD2F276B0C056821FC58BF1D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">Forelius damiani</taxonomicName>
is relatively similar to
<taxonomicName id="8C564A77E75E3685AF482FD6C480DD0C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1626" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus (Roger)</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="D8731449C9091F0B0451C9E039A46DB7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="42" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
has only two erect pronotal hairs while
<taxonomicName id="372B46C260F7AB58E6CB642408CE10AD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1680" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
can have two to four erect pronotal hairs; the promesonotum of
<taxonomicName id="F6EC2789537773AF259F97372C2EF311" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="69" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
is lower compared with
<taxonomicName id="7220A9D6C6AD4D2F1DD2188ACF38945C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1746" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
; the dorsal face of the propodeum is longer than the declivitous face in
<taxonomicName id="6467BA18FDC485A8ED6094CEB8168297" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="45" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
, moreover it lacks propodeal hairs; and
<taxonomicName id="466804524FE6116F6B3F27893371D303" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="34" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
is smaller than
<taxonomicName id="7D344A2D180A1026516524E1BF875C39" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29041" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1848" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pruinosus (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">F. pruinosus</taxonomicName>
in some measurements such as TL, HL, HW and SL (see measurements above and Cuezzo (2000) for comparison).
<taxonomicName id="6A3D9DB97AA04D6F45F02A9AF3A1F6BF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">Forelius damiani</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="A8E515E61E03A2A1B058AD4A60CE490F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175168" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1239" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pusillus Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">F. pusillus</taxonomicName>
, however several characters show differences: the mandibles of
<taxonomicName id="069AD1B432CB5E6387BB76BE6900E410" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="54" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
have four teeth while those of
<taxonomicName id="028B5F1068EB17458738CA914975B508" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175168" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1261" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pusillus Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">F. pusillus</taxonomicName>
have five; the propodeum of
<taxonomicName id="E1F2DA66AEA48E4875652602D57211FE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175168" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1270" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pusillus Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">F. pusillus</taxonomicName>
has four conspicuous setae but
<taxonomicName id="A5ED5BEFD654865B6BD1CFF09E5DE592" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="41" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
has none; the workers in
<taxonomicName id="6FF087AB800CB5CC4BA0AE10861DBF47" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175168" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1287" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pusillus Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">F. pusillus</taxonomicName>
are a little larger (TL 1.6 - 1.8 mm in
<taxonomicName id="21C5550EE40436B0CC38145DF8DACD44" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175168" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="1301" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius pusillus Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">F. pusillus</taxonomicName>
vs. 1.40 - 1.68 mm in
<taxonomicName id="4629636B5AE21B3AD10283B14B060486" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="8" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
). Characters that distinguish
<taxonomicName id="8EF57004C0CE0B06F3428C99F8C8FC88" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">Forelius damiani</taxonomicName>
from most other
<taxonomicName id="75DDC2DF10630E5F6D004B5DC3AA435F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2468" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forelius</taxonomicName>
species are the circular propodeal spiracle and the absence of erect hairs on the dorsal face of the propodeum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CCC7A73FD26BEC74D2023237EBAA2F46" pageNumber="59">
The occurrence of round spiracles on the
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AAF44DD3F7AC17D43E516C3009772A7" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="62256ECE3054B1DC0E3FB7A208C2F78D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245486" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Forelius" genus.bestMatchDistance="105" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Forelius damiani Guerrero &amp; Fernández" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="damiani">F. damiani</taxonomicName>
reinforces a pattern in which the few species found north of the Amazon basin all have round spiracles, while south of the Amazon many species have elongate, slit-like spiracles and only one species has round spiracles. Several hypotheses can explain this pattern, based on whether round spiracles are plesiomorphic, apomorphic, or homoplasious in the genus. If round spiracles are plesiomorphic, the genus could have originated north or south of the Amazon basin and then dispersed across the Amazon (perhaps during a period of drier climate). Subsequently, elongate spiracles evolved in the south (as one adaptation to arid conditions, reducing water loss through the spiracle) and perhaps allowed a greater diversification there. In the south, forms with elongate spiracles may have displaced previously more abundant and diverse forms with round spiracles. Alternatively, round spiracles could be apomorphic. An initial radiation of forms with elongate spiracles may have occurred in southern South America. Subsequently, a form with round spiracles evolved which was better suited to humid conditions and better able to cross the Amazon Basin. Once on the other side it diversified into the present species found north of the Amazon. Finally, round spiracles could be homoplasious, evolving independently north and south of the Amazon. Further phylogenetic work on the genus is needed to differentiate among these hypotheses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>The bees of the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) described by Ferdinand Morawitz from the collection of Aleksey Fedtschenko</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Astafurova, Yulia V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab., 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok- 22, 690022, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">proshchalikin@biosoil.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sidorov, Dmitry A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, 650000, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-09-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1120</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>105</mods:start>
<mods:end>176</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.90206</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.90206</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1120-105</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">41D272899B30474894D7AD21F559B007</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BFA371FEA7A356BDA988C7A5C6BB03A4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C47DE2A4D7F65EA9AF7705732ADA4358" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C47DE2A4D7F65EA9AF7705732ADA4358" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
3.
<taxonomicName LSID="C47DE2A4-D7F6-5EA9-AF77-05732ADA4358" authority="Morawitz, 1876" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena amoena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">Andrena amoena Morawitz, 1876</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Andrena amoena Morawitz, 1876, lectotype, female A habitus, lateral view and labels B head, frontal view C labrum, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view E mesosoma, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.90206.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738941" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena amoena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">Andrena amoena</taxonomicName>
Morawitz, 1876: 164 (key), 211, ♀.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Chardara (Kazakhstan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="published (original) locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Published (original) locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Kazakhstan: Syr Darja River near Chardara.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="lectotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Lectotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
♀, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Osytshnjuk, A" journalOrPublisher="Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B25" refString="Osytshnjuk, A, Romasenko, L, Banaszak, J, Cierzniak, T, 2005. Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2. Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" title="Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2." year="2005">Osytshnjuk et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 67, 25.[IV.1871] //
<normalizedToken originalValue="Чардара">Chardara</normalizedToken>
[Kazakhstan, Chardara,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="41.3">41°18'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="67.95">67°57'E</geoCoordinate>
] //
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena amoena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Andrena amoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mor. [handwritten by F. Morawitz] // Lectotypus Warncke 1975 &lt;red label&gt; // Lectotypus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena amoena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Andrena amoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Morawitz, 1876, design.
<bibRefCitation author="Osytshnjuk, A" journalOrPublisher="Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B25" refString="Osytshnjuk, A, Romasenko, L, Banaszak, J, Cierzniak, T, 2005. Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2. Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" title="Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2." year="2005">Osytshnjuk et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
&lt;red label, labelled by Yu. Astafurova&gt; [ZMMU].
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.90206.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738941" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena amoena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Andrena amoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Morawitz, 1876, lectotype, female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view and labels
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
labrum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">D</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">E</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="paralectotypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Paralectotypes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">(3 ♀).</emphasis>
3 ♀, 25.[IV.1871] //
<normalizedToken originalValue="Чардара">Chardara</normalizedToken>
[Chardara] // Paralectotypus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena amoena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Andrena amoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Morawitz, 1876, design.
<bibRefCitation author="Osytshnjuk, A" journalOrPublisher="Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B25" refString="Osytshnjuk, A, Romasenko, L, Banaszak, J, Cierzniak, T, 2005. Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2. Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" title="Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2." year="2005">Osytshnjuk et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
&lt;red label, labelled by Yu. Astafurova&gt; [ZMMU].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="current status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andrena (Aciandrena) amoena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena" subGenus="Aciandrena">Andrena (Aciandrena) amoena</taxonomicName>
Morawitz, 1876 (according to
<bibRefCitation author="Osytshnjuk, A" journalOrPublisher="Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B25" refString="Osytshnjuk, A, Romasenko, L, Banaszak, J, Cierzniak, T, 2005. Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2. Polish Entomological Society, Poznan, Bydgoszcz" title="Andreninae of the Central and Eastern Palaearctic. Part 1. Polish Entomological Monographs. Vol. 2." year="2005">Osytshnjuk et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 67).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
Description of male:
<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="93 - 196" refId="B10" refString="Gusenleitner, F, Schwarz, M, 2001. Zur Morphologie verschiedener von F. Morawitz beschriebener Andrena -Arten (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Andreninae). Entomofauna 22 (7): 93 - 196" title="Zur Morphologie verschiedener von F. Morawitz beschriebener Andrena - Arten (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Andreninae)." volume="22" year="2001">Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 99, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>