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<mods:title id="E80CA7A5D5981BEC323F14798C8773EF">Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C12F81543BA26D27CDD3ECD05C76D7AE">Flood, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59418D0078F366AE07D4812F0610B925">Shirihai, Hadoram</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658BCFA8FD076FA5D" bold="true" box="[230,1078,1405,1434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">
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Phylogenetic relationships between
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<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165AA0FA8CD076FA5D" authority="Bonaparte, 1855" box="[762,1078,1405,1434]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="storm" subSpecies="petrels">
|
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<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165AA0FA8CD72DFA5E" bold="true" box="[762,877,1406,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
storm petrels
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
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||||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B36F3683FD15B516589AFA43D679F96D" blockId="7.[144,1164,1457,1705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">
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Recent genetic work shed light on the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165A27FA40D690FA0D" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[637,720,1458,1481]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A27FA40D690FA0D" box="[637,720,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex, but also added uncertainties and confusion. These have confirmed that live
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165A96FA20D70EFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[716,846,1490,1513]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A96FA20D70EFA2D" box="[716,846,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B5165B9EFA23D060FA2D" box="[964,1056,1489,1513]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||||
three
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165C51FA20D0CCFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1035,1164,1490,1513]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165C51FA20D0CCFA2D" box="[1035,1164,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens are the same taxon (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD15B51659B2FA03D68FF9CD" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." box="[488,719,1521,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A3BFA00D6CCF9CD" box="[609,652,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). They are distinct from and not close to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51658CAF9E3D4B4F9EC" ID-CoL="66DK" authorityName="Keyserling & J. H. Blasius" authorityYear="1840" box="[144,244,1553,1576]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Oceanites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658CAF9E3D4B4F9EC" box="[144,244,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Oceanites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and lie within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51659FAF9E0D5B3F9ED" ID-CoL="4L3P" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[416,499,1554,1577]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51659FAF9E0D5B3F9ED" box="[416,499,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD15B5165A5BF9E3D6AAF9ED" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." box="[513,746,1553,1577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A26F9E0D6E7F9ED" box="[636,679,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD15B5165AAFF9E3D76CF9ED" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[757,812,1553,1577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This is supported by evidence from Mallophaga:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165909F9C1D661F98C" ID-CoL="4G7GX" box="[339,545,1587,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philoceanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165909F9C1D661F98C" box="[339,545,1587,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Philoceanus fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a species found on both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165B72F9C0D7C6F98C" ID-CoL="6JLWC" box="[808,902,1586,1609]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165B72F9C0D7C6F98C" box="[808,902,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165BE3F9C0D066F98C" ID-CoL="6JM8D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[953,1062,1586,1609]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165BE3F9C0D066F98C" box="[953,1062,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, has been collected on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165941F9A0D5D5F9AC" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[283,405,1618,1641]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165941F9A0D5D5F9AC" box="[283,405,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and is morphologically very different from both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165BE4F9A1D0C6F9AC" baseAuthorityName="Clay" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[958,1158,1619,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philoceanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertsi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165BE4F9A1D0C6F9AC" box="[958,1158,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Philoceanus robertsi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, parasitic on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165949F981D596F94C" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[275,470,1651,1672]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Oceanites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oceanicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165949F981D596F94C" box="[275,470,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Oceanites oceanicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165A49F981D6A9F94C" baseAuthorityName="Clay" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[531,745,1651,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philoceanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garrodiae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A49F981D6A9F94C" box="[531,745,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Philoceanus garrodiae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, parasitic on Grey-backed Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51658CAF961D675F96D" ID-CoL="3FBQC" authority="(Stephenson et al. 2008 b)" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[144,565,1683,1705]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Garrodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nereis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658CAF961D566F96C" box="[144,294,1683,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Garrodia nereis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD15B516596EF961D66EF96D" author="Stephenson, B. M. & Gaskin, C. P. & Griffiths, R. & Jamieson, H. & Baird, K. A. & Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J." box="[308,558,1683,1705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref10851" refString="Stephenson, B. M., Gaskin, C. P., Griffiths, R., Jamieson, H., Baird, K. A., Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J. 2008 b. The New Zealand storm-petrel (Pealeornis maoriana Mathews, 1932): first live capture and species assessment of an enigmatic seabird. Notornis 55: 191 - 206." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Stephenson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51659ECF961D59FF96C" box="[438,479,1683,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2008b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD1AB5195844FABDD58AFA53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535713" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="118" startId="8.[30,91,1359,1381]" targetBox="[53,1591,407,1337]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1AB5195844FABDD58AFA53" blockId="8.[30,1604,1359,1431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
Figure 6. Comparative measurements of New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1AB5195AE1FABDD700FAA0" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[699,832,1359,1380]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1AB5195AE1FABDD700FAA0" box="[699,832,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="118">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(black), White-bellied Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1AB5195CD5FABDD0AEFAA0" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1167,1262,1359,1380]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1AB5195CD5FABDD0AEFAA0" box="[1167,1262,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="118">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(red) and Black-bellied Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1AB5195844FA9AD431FAB9" box="[30,113,1384,1405]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1AB5195844FA9AD431FAB9" box="[30,113,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="118">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(green). Data are presented as a correlation matrix for each pair of morphometric variables, with the diagonal in the matrix showing the distribution of each variable per taxon. Colour chart as in Fig. 4F.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1BB518589AFF73D6A6FDFD" blockId="9.[143,1165,129,1081]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
Three studies provide
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51859E3FF70D64CFF5D" ID-CoL="4L3P" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[441,524,130,153]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51859E3FF70D64CFF5D" box="[441,524,130,153]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
phylogenetic trees; based on either short (
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185BBAFF70D7AAFF5D" box="[992,1002,130,153]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">c</emphasis>
|
||||
.500 bp;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185C1FFF73D541FF7D" author="Cibois, A. & Thibault, J. - C. & LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V." pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref9349" refString="Cibois, A., Thibault, J. - C., LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V. 2015. Molecular analysis of a storm petrel specimen from the Marquesas Islands, with comments on specimens of Fregetta lineata and F. guttata. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 135: 240 - 246." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||||
Cibois
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858CAFF50D4FCFF7D" box="[144,188,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), long (960 bp;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB51859EBFF53D6DDFF7D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[433,669,161,185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A76FF50D618FF7D" box="[556,600,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), or complete cyt-
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B33FF53D735FF7D" box="[873,885,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">b</emphasis>
|
||||
sequences (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185BA4FF53D4A7FF1D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C20FF50D4E2FF1D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); as well as seventh intron of beta Fib (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185AF1FF33D7D9FF1D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." box="[683,921,193,217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B7DFF30D714FF1D" box="[807,852,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185BFCFF33D79DFF1D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[934,989,193,217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This diversity of genetic material led to contrasting conclusions.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185A97FF10D70AFF3D" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[717,842,226,249]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A97FF10D70AFF3D" box="[717,842,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185BB4FF10D012FF3D" ID-CoL="6JLWC" box="[1006,1106,226,249]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185BB4FF10D012FF3D" box="[1006,1106,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51858CAFEF0D547FEDD" ID-CoL="6JM8D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[144,263,257,281]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858CAFEF0D547FEDD" box="[144,263,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in both complete cyt-
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A4BFEF3D65DFEDD" box="[529,541,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">b</emphasis>
|
||||
and nuclear intron (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185B42FEF3D051FEDD" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." box="[792,1041,257,281]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185BC2FEF0D788FEDD" box="[920,968,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51858CAFED0D4B3FEFD" ID-CoL="6JLWC" box="[144,243,290,313]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858CAFED0D4B3FEFD" box="[144,243,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB518596FFED0D5E9FEFD" ID-CoL="6JM8D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[309,425,289,313]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB518596FFED0D5E9FEFD" box="[309,425,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in short cyt-
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A61FED3D607FEFD" box="[571,583,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">b</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185A0CFED3D757FEFD" author="Cibois, A. & Thibault, J. - C. & LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V." box="[598,791,289,313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref9349" refString="Cibois, A., Thibault, J. - C., LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V. 2015. Molecular analysis of a storm petrel specimen from the Marquesas Islands, with comments on specimens of Fregetta lineata and F. guttata. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 135: 240 - 246." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||||
Cibois
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185AFCFED0D693FEFD" box="[678,723,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185B9AFED0D074FEFD" ID-CoL="6JM8D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[960,1076,289,313]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B9AFED0D074FEFD" box="[960,1076,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in long cyt-
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858E0FEB3D486FE9D" box="[186,198,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">b</emphasis>
|
||||
and closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB518593DFEB0D58AFE9D" ID-CoL="6JLWC" box="[359,458,322,345]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB518593DFEB0D58AFE9D" box="[359,458,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in nuclear intron (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185AC5FEB3D7CCFE9D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[671,908,321,345]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B40FEB0D707FE9D" box="[794,839,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In addition,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185C71FEB0D4A5FEBD" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C71FEB0D0CCFE9D" box="[1067,1164,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
AMNH
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
194110 was sequenced and results indicate that it diverges from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185B8FFE90D012FEBD" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[981,1106,354,377]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B8FFE90D012FEBD" box="[981,1106,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and, based on partial cyt-
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185934FE73D53AFE5D" box="[366,378,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">b</emphasis>
|
||||
sequence (557 bp), is more closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185B3BFE70D791FE5D" ID-CoL="6JM8D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[865,977,385,409]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B3BFE70D791FE5D" box="[865,977,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, especially
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C15FE70D025FE5D" box="[1103,1125,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C2BFE70D0C4FE5D" box="[1137,1156,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858D5FE50D480FE7D" box="[143,192,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
, than to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB518597EFE50D5C6FE7D" ID-CoL="6JLWC" box="[292,390,418,441]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB518597EFE50D5C6FE7D" box="[292,390,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB51859CEFE53D610FE7D" author="Cibois, A. & Thibault, J. - C. & LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V." box="[404,592,417,441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref9349" refString="Cibois, A., Thibault, J. - C., LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V. 2015. Molecular analysis of a storm petrel specimen from the Marquesas Islands, with comments on specimens of Fregetta lineata and F. guttata. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 135: 240 - 246." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||||
Cibois
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51859B9FE50D64EFE7D" box="[483,526,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185A01FE53D704FE7D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[603,836,417,441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A8FFE50D740FE7D" box="[725,768,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). A matter of note,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185C43FE53D54AFE1D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858D5FE30D4FAFE1D" box="[143,186,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2016)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
commented that
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185997FE33D6D5FE1D" author="Cibois, A. & Thibault, J. - C. & LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V." box="[461,661,449,473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref9349" refString="Cibois, A., Thibault, J. - C., LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V. 2015. Molecular analysis of a storm petrel specimen from the Marquesas Islands, with comments on specimens of Fregetta lineata and F. guttata. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 135: 240 - 246." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||||
Cibois
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A41FE30D605FE1D" box="[539,581,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2015)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
were wrong to include
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185BC5FE33D047FE1C" box="[927,1031,449,472]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||||
1953.55.101 (collected on Gough Island, South Atlantic, held at the Natural History Museum, Tring) as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51858D5FDF0D544FDDD" ID-CoL="6JM8D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[143,260,513,537]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858D5FDF0D544FDDD" box="[143,260,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, the sequence was taken from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185A85FDF3D79DFDDD" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." box="[735,989,513,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B00FDF0D7C7FDDD" box="[858,903,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as recorded in GenBank, so the original error is owned by the latter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1BB51858E5FDB3D5CDFBFC" blockId="9.[143,1165,129,1081]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
Our findings show that
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185996FDB3D65AFD9D" box="[460,538,577,601]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
15713 and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185ACDFDB3D6ADFD9D" box="[663,749,577,601]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
194110 are the same taxon,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185C7CFDB0D0C6FD9D" box="[1062,1158,577,601]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C7CFDB0D0C6FD9D" box="[1062,1158,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on morphometrics, although no genetic data are available for the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185B9FFD93D053FDBD" box="[965,1043,609,633]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
specimen. Interestingly, the Brisbane specimen
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185A63FD73D625FD5D" box="[569,613,641,665]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
14391 was sequenced and clumped with
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C10FD70D020FD5D" box="[1098,1120,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C2BFD70D0C4FD5D" box="[1137,1156,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858D5FD50D480FD7D" box="[143,192,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB518588EFD53D58CFD7D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." box="[212,460,673,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185909FD50D5C3FD7D" box="[339,387,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), as did the Ua Pou specimen
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185B1AFD53D7D6FD7D" box="[832,918,673,697]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
194110 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185C5BFD53D485FD1D" author="Cibois, A. & Thibault, J. - C. & LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V." pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref9349" refString="Cibois, A., Thibault, J. - C., LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V. 2015. Molecular analysis of a storm petrel specimen from the Marquesas Islands, with comments on specimens of Fregetta lineata and F. guttata. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 135: 240 - 246." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||||
Cibois
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C0FFD50D0C5FD7D" box="[1109,1157,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), supporting the case for aggregating them. Incidentally, whilst
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185BC5FD33D78BFD1D" box="[927,971,705,729]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
14391 is labelled
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51858D5FD10D644FD3D" authority=", Robertson et al. (2016)" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="2016" box="[143,516,737,761]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858D5FD10D4B5FD3D" box="[143,245,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB518595FFD13D644FD3D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[261,516,737,761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51859D8FD10D5F0FD3D" box="[386,432,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2016)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
treated it as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185AF8FD10D758FD3D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[674,792,737,761]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185AF8FD10D758FD3D" box="[674,792,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, presumably because sequences clade with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185941FCF0D5D4FCDD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[283,404,769,793]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185941FCF0D5D4FCDD" box="[283,404,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
rather than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185A6CFCF0D6E0FCDD" box="[566,672,770,793]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A6CFCF0D6E0FCDD" box="[566,672,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, systematics of the group are complicated by the opaque taxonomy of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185A8EFCD0D767FCFD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[724,807,802,825]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A8EFCD0D767FCFD" box="[724,807,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
itself (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185B2EFCD3D044FCFD" author="Howell, S. N. G." box="[884,1028,801,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="36 - 42" refId="ref9683" refString="Howell, S. N. G. 2010. Identification and taxonomy of White-bellied Storm Petrels, with comments on WP report in August 1986. Dutch Birding 32: 36 - 42." type="journal article" year="2010">Howell 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185C55FCD3D005FCFD" author="Howell, S. N. G." box="[1039,1093,801,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" refId="ref9718" refString="Howell, S. N. G. 2012. Petrels, albatrosses, and storm-petrels of North America: a photographic guide. Princeton Univ. Press." type="book" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), with more than 20 different names proposed for these birds, and the complex situation in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1BB5185C67FCB3D541FCBD" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, South Atlantic (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB518599AFC93D60FFCBD" author="Brooke, M. de" box="[448,591,865,889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" refId="ref9289" refString="Brooke, M. de L. 2004. Albatrosses and petrels across the world. Oxford Univ. Press." type="book" year="2004">Brooke 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185A06FC93D6ACFCBD" author="Howell, S. N. G." box="[604,748,865,889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" refId="ref9718" refString="Howell, S. N. G. 2012. Petrels, albatrosses, and storm-petrels of North America: a photographic guide. Princeton Univ. Press." type="book" year="2012">Howell 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185AA3FC93D7A4FCBD" author="Flood, R. & Fisher, A." box="[761,996,865,889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" refId="ref9514" refString="Flood, R. & Fisher, A. 2013. North Atlantic seabirds: storm-petrels & Bulwer's Petrel. Pelagic Birds & Birding Multimedia ID Guides, Scilly." type="book" year="2013">Flood & Fisher 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In particular, taxonomy of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185916FC70D5FEFC5D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[332,446,897,921]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185916FC70D5FEFC5D" box="[332,446,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51859AFFC70D617FC5C" box="[501,599,897,921]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51859AFFC70D617FC5C" box="[501,599,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complexes are not resolved (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185BC1FC73D06FFC5D" author="Crochet, P. - A." box="[923,1071,897,921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" refId="ref9435" refString="Crochet, P. - A. 2008. Western Palearctic list update: deletion of White-bellied Storm Petrel. Dutch Birding 30: 18." type="journal volume" year="2008">Crochet 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185C63FC73D484FC7D" author="Howell, S. N. G." pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="36 - 42" refId="ref9683" refString="Howell, S. N. G. 2010. Identification and taxonomy of White-bellied Storm Petrels, with comments on WP report in August 1986. Dutch Birding 32: 36 - 42." type="journal article" year="2010">Howell 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB518588BFC53D546FC7D" author="Howell, S. N. G." box="[209,262,929,953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" refId="ref9718" refString="Howell, S. N. G. 2012. Petrels, albatrosses, and storm-petrels of North America: a photographic guide. Princeton Univ. Press." type="book" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185949FC53D642FC7D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[275,514,929,953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51859D5FC50D5FCFC7D" box="[399,444,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). That said, there is consensus that the four
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185C5BFC50D014FC7D" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[1025,1108,930,953]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C5BFC50D014FC7D" box="[1025,1108,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
taxa (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51858C2FC30D54FFC1D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[152,271,961,985]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51858C2FC30D54FFC1D" box="[152,271,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB518597BFC30D5C8FC1C" box="[289,392,961,985]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB518597BFC30D5C8FC1C" box="[289,392,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51859C0FC30D5BFFC1D" box="[410,511,961,985]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51859C0FC30D5BFFC1D" box="[410,511,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185A1BFC30D681FC1C" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[577,705,961,985]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A1BFC30D681FC1C" box="[577,705,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) form a monophyletic clade, based on mtDNA and nuclear DNA, albeit a single gene in both cases (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185B66FC13D062FC3D" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J." box="[828,1058,993,1017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="949 - 952" refId="ref10406" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M. & Goldstien, S. J. 2011. When rediscovery is not enough: taxonomic uncertainty hinders conservation of a critically endangered bird. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 61: 949 - 952." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185BEFFC10D7A0FC3D" box="[949,992,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185C76FC13D4A3FBDD" author="Cibois, A. & Thibault, J. - C. & LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V." pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref9349" refString="Cibois, A., Thibault, J. - C., LeCroy, M. & Bretagnolle, V. 2015. Molecular analysis of a storm petrel specimen from the Marquesas Islands, with comments on specimens of Fregetta lineata and F. guttata. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 135: 240 - 246." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||||
Cibois
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185C20FC10D4E1FBDD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB51858B7FBF3D594FBDD" author="Robertson, B. C. & Stephenson, B. M. & Ronconi, R. A. & Goldstien, S. J. & Shepherd, L. & Tennyson, A. & Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G." box="[237,468,1025,1049]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="170 - 176" refId="ref10457" refString="Robertson, B. C., Stephenson, B. M., Ronconi, R. A., Goldstien, S. J., Shepherd, L., Tennyson, A., Carlile, N. & Ryan, P. G. 2016. Phylogenetic affinities of the Fregetta storm-petrels are not black and white. Mol. Phyl. & Evol. 97: 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Robertson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB518593CFBF0D5D1FBDD" box="[358,401,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This clade is distinct from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185B56FBF3D730FBDC" authorityName="Keyserling & J. H. Blasius" authorityYear="1840" box="[780,880,1025,1048]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Oceanites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185B56FBF3D730FBDC" box="[780,880,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Oceanites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and supports the generic denomination
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB518596EFBD0D5C7FBFD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[308,391,1058,1081]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB518596EFBD0D5C7FBFD" box="[308,391,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
606
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Normal file
606
data/3B/79/87/3B798795FD16B51658C3FCAFD78AFA9D.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
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<mods:title id="73B67CCB8D59A2B5A2DF737BAE54937E">Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A044F68C09545AEBADAEDAC1E725D541">Bretagnolle, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C854290F89EDC2B13D80B69C9A07B8F2">Flood, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="3B798795FD16B51658C3FCAFD78AFA9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B798795FD16B51658C3FCAFD78AFA9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B798795FD16B51658C3FCAFD78AFA9D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">
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<heading id="E82781EFFD16B51558C3FCAFD0C3FCBE" box="[153,1155,861,890]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B51558C3FCAFD0C3FCBE" bold="true" box="[153,1155,861,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">
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||||
Multivariate analyses of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155A5FFCACD638FCBE" ID-CoL="4L3P" authority="Bonaparte, 1855" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[517,632,862,890]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155A5FFCACD638FCBE" bold="true" box="[517,632,862,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and suspected
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155B03FCACD7A0FCBE" bold="true" box="[857,992,861,890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
specimens
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FBCA6508FD16B516589AFC63D78AFA9D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" type="discussion">
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||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD16B515589AFC63D512FB8D" blockId="4.[143,1165,913,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">
|
||||
We conducted a series of multivariate analyses on six biometrics: bill width, bill depth at gonys; and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths. The sample (
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155BF2FC40D7F6FC0D" box="[936,950,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 261) comprised adults collected at colonies, held at museums worldwide, and measured by VB. Mean measurements are shown in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD16B51559A6FC03D606FBCD" box="[508,582,1009,1033]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[144,205,931,950]" captionTargetBox="[150,1161,129,906]" captionTargetId="figure-360@5.[140,1167,126,916]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Means of six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) of small White-bellied Storm Petrels Fregetta grallaria (all taxa aggregated), New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata, New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan, and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (for methodology see main text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Analyses were conducted using the packages FACTORMINE and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD16B515592CFBE3D5FCFBED" box="[374,444,1041,1065]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14562" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14562" name="University of Massachusetts" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">MASS</collectionCode>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD16B5155A59FBE3D654FBEC" box="[515,532,1041,1064]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
software. Biometric characters were centred and scaled prior to analyses.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD16B515589AFBA2D5EBF94C" blockId="4.[143,1165,913,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B515589AFBA2D65DFBAC" bold="true" box="[192,541,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Principal Component Analyses</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Principal Component Analysis (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD16B5155BFAFBA3D796FBAD" box="[928,982,1105,1129]" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">PCA</collectionCode>
|
||||
) was performed as a descriptive multivariate analysis. In the first
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD16B5155AF8FB83D699FB4D" box="[674,729,1137,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">PCA</collectionCode>
|
||||
, specimens from breeding archipelagos were grouped and averaged, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155A32FB60D690FB6D" box="[616,720,1170,1193]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155A32FB60D690FB6D" box="[616,720,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155974FB40D5E1FB0D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[302,417,1201,1225]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155974FB40D5E1FB0D" box="[302,417,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(six populations), the large
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155ABAFB40D6B6FB0D" box="[736,758,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155B5FFB40D758FB0D" box="[773,792,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155B72FB40D719FB0D" box="[808,857,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
(from Rapa Island), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155C22FB40D4B0FB2D" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155C22FB40D4B0FB2D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD16B5155960FB23D596FB2D" box="[314,470,1233,1257]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155BA7FB23D009FB2D" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[1021,1097,1233,1257]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155C5EFB23D009FB2D" box="[1028,1097,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD16B51558CAFB03D49BFACD" box="[144,219,1265,1289]" name="Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B515594FFB03D525FACD" baseAuthorityName="Murphy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[277,357,1265,1289]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155946FB00D525FACD" box="[284,357,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ from Ua Pou were treated individually. Results are shown in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD16B5155C6EFB03D0C9FACD" box="[1076,1161,1265,1289]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
. The first principal component (Dim 1;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD16B5155A66FAE3D6CCFAED" box="[572,652,1297,1321]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) was a body size axis (especially wing length; see
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD16B51558E0FAC3D4B9FA8D" box="[186,249,1329,1353]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[684,745,628,647]" captionTargetBox="[690,1148,133,602]" captionTargetId="figure-603@7.[681,1168,126,608]" captionText="Figure 5. Principal Component Analysis showing contribution of variables to axes 1 and 2." pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Dim 1 clearly separates the smallest
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155AF1FAC0D767FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[683,807,1330,1353]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155AF1FAC0D767FA8D" box="[683,807,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(purple) from the largest
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155C16FAC0D022FA8D" box="[1100,1122,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155C2BFAC0D0C4FA8D" box="[1137,1156,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B51558CAFAA0D481FAAD" box="[144,193,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
(blue).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155946FAA0D5C0FAAD" box="[284,384,1362,1385]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155946FAA0D5C0FAAD" box="[284,384,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(green) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155A4DFAA0D6CCFAAD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[535,652,1361,1385]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155A4DFAA0D6CCFAAD" box="[535,652,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(orange and red) were fairly evenly spread, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155897FA80D503FA4D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[205,323,1393,1417]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155897FA80D503FA4D" box="[205,323,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
having an overall smaller size and notably shorter tarsi, although some individuals (mainly from the western Pacific, but also the South Atlantic) had tarsi nearly as long as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B51558BEFA40D505FA0D" box="[228,325,1458,1481]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B51558BEFA40D505FA0D" box="[228,325,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD16B5155908FA43D5D0FA0D" box="[338,400,1457,1481]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[144,205,931,950]" captionTargetBox="[150,1161,129,906]" captionTargetId="figure-360@5.[140,1167,126,916]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Means of six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) of small White-bellied Storm Petrels Fregetta grallaria (all taxa aggregated), New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata, New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan, and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (for methodology see main text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD16B51559F9FA43D58FFA0D" box="[419,463,1457,1481]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
31216 (light green) clumped with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155B10FA40D7EBFA0D" box="[842,939,1458,1481]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155B10FA40D7EBFA0D" box="[842,939,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(dark green), whilst
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD16B51558CAFA23D4FCFA2D" box="[144,188,1489,1513]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
14391 clumped with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B51559F6FA23D5B8FA2D" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[428,504,1489,1513]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B51559E9FA23D5B8FA2D" box="[435,504,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155A6DFA23D6C7FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Murphy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[567,647,1489,1513]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155A64FA20D6C7FA2D" box="[574,647,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ (black). All three were at the small end of the size range of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155979FA00D5D5F9CD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[291,405,1521,1545]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155979FA00D5D5F9CD" box="[291,405,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, having slightly shorter wings, a shorter tail than other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155C5FFA00D018F9CD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[1029,1112,1522,1545]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155C5FFA00D018F9CD" box="[1029,1112,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(but longer than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155940F9E0D5D7F9ED" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[282,407,1554,1577]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155940F9E0D5D7F9ED" box="[282,407,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and tarsus length intermediate between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155B20F9E0D79DF9ED" box="[890,989,1554,1577]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155B20F9E0D79DF9ED" box="[890,989,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155C42F9E0D0CCF9ED" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1048,1164,1553,1577]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155C42F9E0D0CCF9ED" box="[1048,1164,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD16B51558CDF9C3D498F98D" box="[151,216,1585,1609]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[144,205,931,950]" captionTargetBox="[150,1161,129,906]" captionTargetId="figure-360@5.[140,1167,126,916]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Means of six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) of small White-bellied Storm Petrels Fregetta grallaria (all taxa aggregated), New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata, New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan, and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (for methodology see main text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This morphometric analysis supports the separation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155B3FF9C0D7A1F98D" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[869,993,1586,1609]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155B3FF9C0D7A1F98D" box="[869,993,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, highlights the distinctiveness of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B51559D3F9A3D595F9AD" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[393,469,1617,1641]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B51559CAF9A3D595F9AD" box="[400,469,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B51559BEF9A0D629F9AD" authority=", QM" authorityName="QM" box="[484,617,1617,1641]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B51559BEF9A0D66DF9AD" box="[484,557,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
, QM
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
14391’ specimens within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155BCBF9A0D046F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[913,1030,1617,1641]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155BCBF9A0D046F9AD" box="[913,1030,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and aligns
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD16B51558D5F983D4FBF94D" box="[143,187,1649,1673]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
31216 with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD16B5155919F980D5E5F94C" box="[323,421,1649,1673]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD16B5155919F980D5E5F94C" box="[323,421,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="114">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD17B51458CAFC51D6DAFBC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535709/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" startId="5.[144,205,931,950]" targetBox="[150,1161,129,906]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD17B51458CAFC51D6DAFBC4" blockId="5.[144,1164,931,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">
|
||||
Figure 3. Means of six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) of small White-bellied Storm Petrels
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51459ACFC4ED6CDFC0B" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[502,653,956,975]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51459ACFC4ED6CDFC0B" box="[502,653,956,975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Fregetta grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(all taxa aggregated), New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51458CAFC27D4A1FC23" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[144,225,980,999]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51458CAFC27D4A1FC23" box="[144,225,980,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, New Zealand Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51459A8FC27D61BFC23" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[498,603,981,999]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51459A8FC27D61BFC23" box="[498,603,981,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the large Titan Storm Petrel
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145B2FFC27D7C8FC23" box="[885,904,981,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145BCEFC27D7E5FC23" box="[916,933,981,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145BE8FC27D79BFC23" box="[946,987,981,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
, and Black-bellied Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145951FC1CD51EFBC4" box="[267,350,1006,1024]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145951FC1CD51EFBC4" box="[267,350,1006,1024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(for methodology see main text).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD17B514589AFBD0D786FADE" blockId="5.[144,1165,1058,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">
|
||||
These results were confirmed by two further PCAs run on individual specimens. For the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51458E1FBB1D578FB9E" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[187,312,1091,1114]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51458E1FBB1D578FB9E" box="[187,312,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B514591DFBB0D5D3FB9E" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[327,403,1090,1114]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145914FBB0D5D3FB9E" box="[334,403,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B514598CFBB0D666FB9E" box="[470,550,1090,1114]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145987FBB1D666FB9E" box="[477,550,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ specimens, we used measurements taken by various researchers, as if they were independent samples, yielding, respectively, seven and 11 ‘specimens’ (complete list and measurements in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD17B5145AFDFB70D76DFB5E" box="[679,813,1154,1178]" captionStart="Appendix 2" captionStartId="20.[756,853,409,431]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Appendix 2 Biometrics (mm) of all known museum specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York. NHMUK = Natural History Museum, Tring. QM = Queensland Museum, Brisbane. USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.Taxon is Fregetta. I = island. N = number (1, unless otherwise stated). NZ = New Zealand.S = sex (male / female) VB = Vincent Bretagnolle. Notes: 1 The value 22.0 mm in Murphy & Snyder (1952) is dubious. On reassessment, it should read 32.0 mm (see Fig. 11); 2 The value 34.5 mm (Mathews 1933) is dubious and likely erroneous." pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Appendix 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the PCAs, individuals were grouped by breeding locality (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD17B51459BDFB50D676FB7E" box="[487,566,1186,1210]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) or by taxonomy (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD17B5145B5DFB50D71AFB7E" box="[775,858,1186,1210]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both PCAs indicated that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51458CAFB30D49CFB1E" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[144,220,1218,1242]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51458CDFB30D49CFB1E" box="[151,220,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51458A9FB30D503FB1E" box="[243,323,1218,1242]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51458A0FB31D503FB1E" box="[250,323,1219,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD17B51459D2FB30D5F4FB1E" box="[392,436,1218,1242]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
14391 clumped between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145A81FB31D710FB1E" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[731,848,1218,1242]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145A81FB31D710FB1E" box="[731,848,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145BD5FB31D7B4FB1E" box="[911,1012,1219,1242]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145BD5FB31D7B4FB1E" box="[911,1012,1219,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, overlapping slightly with both. Also, many
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51459B2FB11D619FB3E" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[488,601,1250,1274]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51459B2FB11D619FB3E" box="[488,601,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens overlapped with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145BC0FB11D7BBFB3E" box="[922,1019,1251,1274]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145BC0FB11D7BBFB3E" box="[922,1019,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Lastly, once again,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145880FAF1D516FADE" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[218,342,1283,1306]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145880FAF1D516FADE" box="[218,342,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51459D4FAF1D5E4FADE" box="[398,420,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51459E8FAF1D585FADE" box="[434,453,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B514598FFAF1D646FADE" box="[469,518,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
map as extreme opposites (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD17B5145B1AFAF0D7FBFADE" box="[832,955,1282,1306]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Figs. 4B‒C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD17B514589AFAD0D7ECF9FE" blockId="5.[144,1165,1058,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B514589AFAD0D59AFAFD" bold="true" box="[192,474,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Discriminant Analyses</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Discriminant Analysis (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD17B5145B72FAD0D711FAFE" box="[808,849,1314,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">DA</collectionCode>
|
||||
) maximises multivariate differences between groups (taxa). It establishes classification of individuals from their biometrics based on canonical discriminant functions. DA was performed on individuals grouped by nine breeding localities (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD17B5145A74FA70D6C3FA5E" box="[558,643,1410,1434]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), five taxa (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD17B5145B59FA70D714FA5E" box="[771,852,1410,1434]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and a reduced set of three taxa (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD17B5145896FA50D55AFA7E" box="[204,282,1442,1466]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The five taxa were ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145A58FA51D621FA7E" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[514,609,1442,1466]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145A58FA51D621FA7E" box="[514,609,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ (a regrouping of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145B72FA50D734FA7E" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[808,884,1442,1466]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145B75FA50D734FA7E" box="[815,884,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145BDAFA51D789FA7E" box="[896,969,1443,1466]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145BDAFA51D789FA7E" box="[896,969,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD17B5145C5FFA50D071FA7E" box="[1029,1073,1442,1466]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
14391’),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B51458CAFA31D542FA1E" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[144,258,1474,1498]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B51458CAFA31D542FA1E" box="[144,258,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145955FA31D531FA1E" box="[271,369,1475,1498]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145955FA31D531FA1E" box="[271,369,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(including
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD17B51459A9FA30D65FFA1E" box="[499,543,1474,1498]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||||
31216),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD17B5145A21FA31D6B6FA1E" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[635,758,1475,1498]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145A21FA31D6B6FA1E" box="[635,758,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145B6EFA31D70AFA1E" box="[820,842,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145B02FA31D72BFA1E" box="[856,875,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD17B5145B20FA31D7EBFA1E" box="[890,939,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
. Error-classification rates are derived as apparent rates when using all individuals as a train dataset, or more robust estimates of error rates when using the cross-validation and leave one out procedure. The same six centred and scaled variables from
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD17B5145AF1F9D0D6A0F9FE" box="[683,736,1570,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">PCA</collectionCode>
|
||||
were used in DA.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD17B516589AF9B0D541FE5C" blockId="5.[144,1165,1058,1690]" lastBlockId="7.[144,670,129,633]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">
|
||||
First, a stepwise DA indicated that all six variables entered the model (with threshold significance level for dropping a variable established at 0.01), thus all six variables were retained (data not shown). Then, using Linear Discriminant Analysis (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD17B5145B96F970D046F95E" box="[972,1030,1666,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="115">LDA</collectionCode>
|
||||
), we found apparent classification-error rate was only 10.34% (
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658B5FF50D4BDFF7D" box="[239,253,162,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 261) when applied to all breeding localities as groups (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B51659D3FF33D5A4FF1D" box="[393,484,193,217]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Five of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B5165A07FF33D4E5FF3D" count="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||||
seven
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51658CAFF10D4B3FF3D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[144,243,225,249]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658CAFF10D4B3FF3D" box="[144,243,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
were correctly assigned, as were all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51658CAFEF0D552FEDD" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[144,274,258,281]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658CAFEF0D552FEDD" box="[144,274,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and all
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51659D9FEF0D5D8FEDD" box="[387,408,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51659F4FEF0D581FEDD" box="[430,449,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B516598DFEF0D648FEDD" box="[471,520,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
, and nearly all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51658EDFED0D55DFEFD" box="[183,285,290,313]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658EDFED0D55DFEFD" box="[183,285,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165905FED0D5A4FEFD" box="[351,484,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. g. segethi</emphasis>
|
||||
. Using a cross-validation procedure for error-rate estimation led to a slight increase, as expected, of 13.0% error rate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD14B5175841FB21D278FA52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" startId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" targetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD14B5175841FB21D278FA52" blockId="6.[27,1601,1235,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">
|
||||
Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B51759A4FB19D6C5FAC4" box="[510,645,1259,1280]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B51759A4FB19D6C5FAC4" box="[510,645,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">Fregetta tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175C37FB19D08CFAC4" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1133,1228,1259,1280]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175C37FB19D08CFAC4" box="[1133,1228,1259,1280]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B517580CFAF6D429FADD" box="[86,105,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[g.]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B51758C8FAF6D4FBFADD" box="[146,187,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
(Rapa Island) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175934FAF6D596FADD" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[366,470,1284,1305]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175934FAF6D596FADD" box="[366,470,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175C1EFAF6D0C2FADD" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[1092,1154,1284,1306]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175C12FAF6D0C2FADD" box="[1096,1154,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’) from Samoa and (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175D65FAF6D1C0FADD" box="[1343,1408,1284,1306]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175D19FAF6D1C0FADD" box="[1347,1408,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B517587BFABDD4E5FAA0" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[33,165,1359,1380]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B517587BFABDD4E5FAA0" box="[33,165,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ (a regrouping of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175917FABDD5CDFAA0" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[333,397,1359,1381]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175909FABDD5CDFAA0" box="[339,397,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B51759CDFABDD594FAA0" box="[407,468,1359,1380]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B51759CDFABDD594FAA0" box="[407,468,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175BEDFABDD056FAA0" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[951,1046,1359,1380]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175BEDFABDD056FAA0" box="[951,1046,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Black-bellied Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175D42FABDD12AFAA0" box="[1304,1386,1359,1380]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175D42FABDD12AFAA0" box="[1304,1386,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175945FA9AD5C7FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[287,391,1384,1405]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175945FA9AD5C7FAB9" box="[287,391,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and the large Titan Storm Petrel
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175A90FA9AD69DFAB9" box="[714,733,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175AB3FA9AD6BAFAB9" box="[745,762,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175B5CFA9AD76FFAB9" box="[774,815,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B517583BFA72D4E2FA51" box="[97,162,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">a priori</emphasis>
|
||||
groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175AA3FA72D773FA51" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[761,819,1408,1429]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175AA3FA72D773FA51" box="[761,819,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175B64FA72D7C7FA51" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[830,903,1408,1429]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175B64FA72D7C7FA51" box="[830,903,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD14B5175BEDFA72D7B3FA51" box="[951,1011,1408,1429]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD14B5175BEDFA72D7B3FA51" box="[951,1011,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="116">tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD15B516589AFE53D5C3FCBD" blockId="7.[144,670,129,633]" lastBlockId="7.[144,1164,673,1369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
A second
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD15B516596AFE53D527FE7D" box="[304,359,417,441]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">LDA</collectionCode>
|
||||
was run on the five taxa as
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658CAFE30D4A0FE1D" box="[144,224,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">a priori</emphasis>
|
||||
groups (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B5165914FE33D5E4FE1D" box="[334,420,449,473]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Apparent error-rate classification was lower, at 8%, but just
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B5165A28FE13D4E5FDDD" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||||
two
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51658CAFDF0D4B5FDDD" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[144,245,513,537]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658CAFDF0D4B5FDDD" box="[144,245,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
were correctly classified. Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD15B51659F8FDD3D59EFDFD" box="[418,478,545,569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">QDA</collectionCode>
|
||||
) was also used, as it is less conservative (permitting different variance matrices for different groups), while using a quadratic classification decision boundary.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD15B516594FFD53D510FD7D" box="[277,336,673,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">QDA</collectionCode>
|
||||
significantly improved the apparent error rate (3.8%), notably with all
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B51658CAFD13D4ABFD3D" box="[144,235,737,761]" count="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||||
seven
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B516588CFD10D576FD3D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[214,310,737,761]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B516588CFD10D576FD3D" box="[214,310,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens now being correctly assigned to their group. However, using the cross-validation calibration, the error rate was 8.8%. Restricting DA to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165BF1FCF0D04CFCDD" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[939,1036,769,793]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165BF1FCF0D04CFCDD" box="[939,1036,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165C43FCF0D0CCFCDD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1049,1164,769,793]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165C43FCF0D0CCFCDD" box="[1049,1164,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B516589BFCD0D564FCFD" box="[193,292,802,825]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B516589BFCD0D564FCFD" box="[193,292,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
did not significantly alter the results, but placed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165B17FCD0D7EEFCFD" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[845,942,801,825]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165B17FCD0D7EEFCFD" box="[845,942,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165C43FCD0D0CCFCFD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1049,1164,801,825]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165C43FCD0D0CCFCFD" box="[1049,1164,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165899FCB0D567FC9C" box="[195,295,833,857]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165899FCB0D567FC9C" box="[195,295,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in multivariate space (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B5165A74FCB3D63EFC9D" box="[558,638,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[27,88,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[46,1575,406,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-70@6.[41,1585,401,1219]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens (‘lineata’) from Samoa and (‘guttata’) from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel ‘Fregetta lineata’ (a regrouping of ‘lineata, guttata and QM 14391’), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F.grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F.tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535711/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), notably due to intermediate values in tarsus length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B51658BCFC93D56FFCBD" box="[230,303,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[144,205,931,950]" captionTargetBox="[150,1161,129,906]" captionTargetId="figure-360@5.[140,1167,126,916]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Means of six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) of small White-bellied Storm Petrels Fregetta grallaria (all taxa aggregated), New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata, New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan, and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (for methodology see main text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535709/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B516593DFC93D536FCBD" box="[359,374,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[30,91,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[53,1591,407,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[27,1607,401,1347]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Comparative measurements of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata (black), White-bellied Storm Petrel F. grallaria (red) and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (green). Data are presented as a correlation matrix for each pair of morphometric variables, with the diagonal in the matrix showing the distribution of each variable per taxon. Colour chart as in Fig. 4F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535713/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD15B5165AF6FD86D06DFD64" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" startId="7.[684,745,628,647]" targetBox="[690,1148,133,602]" targetPageId="7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD15B5165AF6FD86D06DFD64" blockId="7.[684,1164,628,673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Figure 5. Principal Component Analysis showing contribution of variables to axes 1 and 2.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD15B516589AFC73D78AFA9D" blockId="7.[144,1164,673,1369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B51658A8FC73D509FC5D" box="[242,329,897,921]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||||
three
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B516596EFC70D5D6FC5D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[308,406,897,921]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B516596EFC70D5D6FC5D" box="[308,406,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens are larger than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165A91FC70D708FC5C" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[715,840,897,921]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A91FC70D708FC5C" box="[715,840,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in all measurements (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B5165C1CFC73D0C7FC5D" box="[1094,1159,897,921]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[144,205,931,950]" captionTargetBox="[150,1161,129,906]" captionTargetId="figure-360@5.[140,1167,126,916]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Means of six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) of small White-bellied Storm Petrels Fregetta grallaria (all taxa aggregated), New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata, New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan, and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (for methodology see main text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535709/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B51658CAFC53D555FC7D" box="[144,277,929,953]" captionStart="Appendix 2" captionStartId="20.[756,853,409,431]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Appendix 2 Biometrics (mm) of all known museum specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York. NHMUK = Natural History Museum, Tring. QM = Queensland Museum, Brisbane. USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.Taxon is Fregetta. I = island. N = number (1, unless otherwise stated). NZ = New Zealand.S = sex (male / female) VB = Vincent Bretagnolle. Notes: 1 The value 22.0 mm in Murphy & Snyder (1952) is dubious. On reassessment, it should read 32.0 mm (see Fig. 11); 2 The value 34.5 mm (Mathews 1933) is dubious and likely erroneous." pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Appendix 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), albeit with very slight overlap in bill width. Within each taxon, measurements vary to some extent between individuals, as reported by relatively high standard error values in wing and tail measurements (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD15B5165A3EFC13D6B0FC3D" box="[612,752,993,1017]" captionStart="Appendix 2" captionStartId="20.[756,853,409,431]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Appendix 2 Biometrics (mm) of all known museum specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York. NHMUK = Natural History Museum, Tring. QM = Queensland Museum, Brisbane. USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.Taxon is Fregetta. I = island. N = number (1, unless otherwise stated). NZ = New Zealand.S = sex (male / female) VB = Vincent Bretagnolle. Notes: 1 The value 22.0 mm in Murphy & Snyder (1952) is dubious. On reassessment, it should read 32.0 mm (see Fig. 11); 2 The value 34.5 mm (Mathews 1933) is dubious and likely erroneous." pageId="7" pageNumber="117">Appendix 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Intra-taxon variation, however, is particularly pronounced for the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B5165A58FBF3D61AFBDD" box="[514,602,1025,1049]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||||
three
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165A1EFBF0D6E6FBDD" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[580,678,1025,1049]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A1EFBF0D6E6FBDD" box="[580,678,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens. Part of this variation is due to observer measurement error, and possibly also to specimen age. The within-individual range of variation (i.e., measurements made by three or four different observers) is actually higher than the within-population variation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165AC7FB90D758FBBC" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[669,792,1121,1145]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165AC7FB90D758FBBC" box="[669,792,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. For example, the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B5165BBCFB93D0CCFBBD" box="[998,1164,1121,1145]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51658EBFB70D571FB5C" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[177,305,1153,1177]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51658EBFB70D571FB5C" box="[177,305,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
held at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, were measured by four different observers, and standard errors in measurements vary between
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD15B5165C70FB53D0CCFB7C" box="[1066,1164,1185,1209]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(culmen length in
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B5165905FB33D5BAFB1D" box="[351,506,1217,1241]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD15B5165A61FB33D6DCFB1C" box="[571,668,1217,1241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="2.25">2.25 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(tail length in the other). Tarsus length also varies both within and between the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD15B5165A74FB13D6C5FB3C" box="[558,645,1249,1273]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||||
three
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165A2AFB13D692FB3D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[624,722,1249,1273]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A2AFB13D692FB3D" box="[624,722,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens. Streaks on their bellies are also quite variable, as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51659E3FAF3D678FADC" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[441,568,1281,1304]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51659E3FAF3D678FADC" box="[441,568,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD15B5165AD9FAF3D743FADD" author="Flood, R." box="[643,771,1281,1305]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" pagination="479 - 483" refId="ref9491" refString="Flood, R. 2003. The New Zealand storm petrel is not extinct. Birding World 16: 479 - 483." type="journal article" year="2003">Flood 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD15B5165B48FAF3D063FADD" author="Stephenson, B. M. & Gaskin, C. P. & Griffiths, R. & Jamieson, H. & Baird, K. A. & Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J." box="[786,1059,1281,1305]" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref10851" refString="Stephenson, B. M., Gaskin, C. P., Griffiths, R., Jamieson, H., Baird, K. A., Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J. 2008 b. The New Zealand storm-petrel (Pealeornis maoriana Mathews, 1932): first live capture and species assessment of an enigmatic seabird. Notornis 55: 191 - 206." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Stephenson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165BC4FAF3D78DFADD" box="[926,973,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2008b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but are completely unique to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B51659DCFAD3D5A6FAFD" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[390,486,1313,1337]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B51659DCFAD3D5A6FAFD" box="[390,486,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD15B5165A45FAD3D6DBFAFC" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[543,667,1313,1336]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD15B5165A45FAD3D6DBFAFC" box="[543,667,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="117">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Neither taxon shows an absence of streaks, but their extent and arrangement are variable and distinctive (see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
722
data/3B/79/87/3B798795FD1BB51F5964F9FFD5AFFD9C.xml
Normal file
722
data/3B/79/87/3B798795FD1BB51F5964F9FFD5AFFD9C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
|
|||
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New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185AA7F9FCD79DF9EE" authority="(Peale, 1848)" box="[765,989,1549,1578]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185AA7F9FCD79DF9EE" bold="true" box="[765,989,1549,1578]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FBCA6508FD1BB51B589AF9B2D5EAFD9D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1BB51B589AF9B2D5EAFD9D" blockId="9.[144,1165,1600,1689]" lastBlockId="10.[144,1165,129,1689]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="03B83CDEFD1BB518589AF9B2D0CCF99C" box="[192,1164,1600,1625]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" specimenCode="USNM 15713" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB518589AF9B2D56AF99C" bold="true" box="[192,298,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="6C6B8821FD1BB518589AF9B2D56AF99C" box="[192,298,1600,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.—The oldest of the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD1BB5185A7AF9B3D63AF99D" box="[544,634,1601,1625]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="generic">
|
||||
three
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB5185A3FF9B0D68AF99D" box="[613,714,1601,1625]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB5185A3FF9B0D68AF99D" box="[613,714,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="E3769EF8FD1BB5185B07F9B3D7BAF99D" box="[861,1018,1601,1625]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" type="Museum">USNM 15713</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD1BB5185C50F9B3D00CF99D" box="[1034,1100,1601,1625]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[605,666,130,149]" captionTargetBox="[144,587,129,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-284@3.[144,587,129,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. The five historic and one recently discovered museum specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. (A) F. lineata, collected 1839, perhaps 23–25 November, Samoa by T. R. Peale during the US Explorer Expedition, held at National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC (USNM 15713). (B) F. lineata, collected 15 September 1922, presumably at sea, off Ua Pou Island, Marquesas Islands by R. H. Beck during the Whitney South Seas Expedition, held at American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH 194110). (C) F. maoriana, collected January–March 1827 by Quoy & Gaimard (1830) during first voyage of the Astrolabe, held at Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN C.G. 1829.254 (14393), C.G. 1829 (14372)). (D) F. maoriana, presented by George Carrick Steet of London in February 1895, possibly collected in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand (Bourne et al. 2004), held at the Natural History Museum, Tring (NHMUK 1895.2.11.1). (E) F. lineata (left) and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (right), beach-cast, Stradbroke Island, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, held at Queensland Museum, Brisbane (respectively, QM 14391 collected July 1973; and QM 31216, collected 22 May 1999) (Vincent Bretagnolle, except D: Mark Adams, © Natural History Museum, London)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535707/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) was
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
collected on Upolu,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1BB5185927F993D58AF9BD" box="[381,458,1633,1657]" name="Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, in 1839 by
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185A04F993D630F9BC" box="[606,624,1633,1656]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">T</collectionCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1BB5185A24F993D6D2F9BC" box="[638,658,1633,1656]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
. Peale and described in detail by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185C7FF993D0CDF9BD" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[1061,1165,1633,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="34 - 52" refId="ref9899" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1933. On Fregetta Bonaparte and allied genera. Novit. Zool. 39: 34 - 52." type="journal article" year="1933">Mathews</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(1933). It is the type specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1BB51859A5F973D726F95D" authority="Peale (1848" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[511,870,1665,1689]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1BB51859A5F973D6A0F95D" box="[511,736,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="119">Thalassidroma lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185ABDF973D726F95D" author="Peale, T. R." box="[743,870,1665,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" refId="ref10054" refString="Peale, T. R. 1848. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, vol. 8. C. Sherman, Philadelphia." type="book" year="1848">Peale (1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1BB5185B2AF973D04CF95D" author="Deignan, H. G." box="[880,1036,1665,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 718" refId="ref9461" refString="Deignan, H. G. 1961. Type specimens of birds in the United States National Museum. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 1 - 718." type="book chapter" year="1961">Deignan 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, the specimen has not been sequenced, unlike the other two. Probably, the specimen was collected in
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD18B51B597BFF53D59AFF7D" box="[289,474,161,185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" value="1839-11">November 1839</date>
|
||||
, perhaps during 23–25 November, when Peale visited the island. The species was said to be nesting in holes high in the mountains (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5B80FF33D0C1FF1D" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[986,1153,193,217]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="34 - 52" refId="ref9899" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1933. On Fregetta Bonaparte and allied genera. Novit. Zool. 39: 34 - 52." type="journal article" year="1933">Mathews 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), ‘very high up in the mountains’ (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5A7EFF13D701FF3D" author="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P." box="[548,833,225,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10016" refString="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P. 1952. The ' Pealea' phenomenon and other notes on storm petrels. Amer. Mus. Novit. 7: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1952">Murphy & Snyder 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), possibly the highest point Mt. Fito (
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B58A7FEF0D547FEDD" box="[253,263,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">c</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD18B51B5950FEF3D529FEDD" box="[266,361,257,281]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="1100.0">1,100 m</quantity>
|
||||
). Historic records state that a native collected the specimen for Peale, and the latter mentioned these birds were from the mountains. However, the precise circumstances are unclear and it is possible that the storm petrel breeding in the mountains was Polynesian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B598BFE93D71CFEBD" authority="(Bourne 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Bourne" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[465,860,353,377]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Nesofregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B598BFE93D6FAFEBD" box="[465,698,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Nesofregetta fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5A9DFE93D715FEBD" author="Bourne, W. R. P." box="[711,853,353,377]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="143 - 149" refId="ref9166" refString="Bourne, W. R. P. 2008. Petrels collected by Titian Ramsay Peale in the Pacific Ocean during the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838 - 1842. Arch. Nat. Hist. 35: 143 - 149." type="journal article" year="2008">Bourne 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and that the specimen was collected at sea, as Peale mentioned these birds were commonly observed there.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5C75FE73D519FE7D" author="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P." pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10016" refString="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P. 1952. The ' Pealea' phenomenon and other notes on storm petrels. Amer. Mus. Novit. 7: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1952">Murphy & Snyder’s (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
conclusion that the specimen is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5A95FE50D773FE7D" box="[719,819,418,441]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A95FE50D773FE7D" box="[719,819,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is not known to breed in the tropics, led
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B593BFE33D5BEFE1D" author="Bourne, W. R. P." box="[353,510,449,473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="143 - 149" refId="ref9166" refString="Bourne, W. R. P. 2008. Petrels collected by Titian Ramsay Peale in the Pacific Ocean during the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838 - 1842. Arch. Nat. Hist. 35: 143 - 149." type="journal article" year="2008">Bourne (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to propose that it was collected by Peale in the southern seas and accidentally exchanged with the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="6C6B8821FD18B51B5A2DFE13D69AFE3D" box="[631,730,481,505]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of Collared Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5BE2FE13D0CDFE3D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[952,1165,481,505]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5BE2FE13D0CDFE3D" box="[952,1165,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Pterodroma brevipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD18B51B58CDFDF3D4A6FDDD" box="[151,230,513,537]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
15459; also collected by Peale). As it is not
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5A95FDF0D771FDDD" box="[719,817,514,537]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A95FDF0D771FDDD" box="[719,817,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see above), there is no reason to doubt the locality.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD18B51B5925FDD3D58DFDFD" box="[383,461,545,569]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
15713 has not been genetically sequenced, its age is unknown, and the skin is damaged.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FBCA6508FD18B51F589AFD93D5AFFD9C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD18B51B589AFD93D75AFD7C" blockId="10.[144,1165,129,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B589AFD93D523FDBC" bold="true" box="[192,355,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Wing length
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD18B51B5A46FD93D63CFDBC" box="[540,636,609,633]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="163.0">163 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; tail length
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD18B51B5B56FD93D71FFDBC" box="[780,863,609,633]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; culmen (bill length from feathers)
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD18B51B58A4FD73D525FD5C" box="[254,357,641,665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; bill depth (top of maxillary unguis to base of mandibular unguis)
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD18B51B58CAFD53D4A5FD7C" box="[144,229,673,697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; bill width at base
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD18B51B59E0FD53D64FFD7C" box="[442,527,673,697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; tarsus length
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD18B51B5AE9FD53D757FD7C" box="[691,791,673,697]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7299999999999995" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="37.3">37.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD18B51B589AFD32D612FBDD" blockId="10.[144,1165,129,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B589AFD32D587FD1D" bold="true" box="[192,455,704,729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Second oldest specimen</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD18B51B59BDFD33D67DFD1D" box="[487,573,705,729]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
194110 from the
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="7114F861FD18B51B5AA6FD33D736FD1C" box="[764,886,705,728]" country="French Polynesia" name="Iles Marquises" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Marquesas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD18B51B5BDEFD33D782FD1D" box="[900,962,705,729]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[605,666,130,149]" captionTargetBox="[144,587,129,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-284@3.[144,587,129,1701]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. The five historic and one recently discovered museum specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. (A) F. lineata, collected 1839, perhaps 23–25 November, Samoa by T. R. Peale during the US Explorer Expedition, held at National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC (USNM 15713). (B) F. lineata, collected 15 September 1922, presumably at sea, off Ua Pou Island, Marquesas Islands by R. H. Beck during the Whitney South Seas Expedition, held at American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH 194110). (C) F. maoriana, collected January–March 1827 by Quoy & Gaimard (1830) during first voyage of the Astrolabe, held at Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN C.G. 1829.254 (14393), C.G. 1829 (14372)). (D) F. maoriana, presented by George Carrick Steet of London in February 1895, possibly collected in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand (Bourne et al. 2004), held at the Natural History Museum, Tring (NHMUK 1895.2.11.1). (E) F. lineata (left) and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (right), beach-cast, Stradbroke Island, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, held at Queensland Museum, Brisbane (respectively, QM 14391 collected July 1973; and QM 31216, collected 22 May 1999) (Vincent Bretagnolle, except D: Mark Adams, © Natural History Museum, London)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) was described in detail by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B58ACFD13D5DCFD3D" author="Murphy, R. C." box="[246,412,737,761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref9954" refString="Murphy, R. C. 1924. Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. II. Amer. Mus. Novit. 124: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1924">Murphy (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and is a female collected on
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD18B51B5A8FFD13D7E4FD3D" box="[725,932,737,761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" value="1922-09-15">15 September 1922</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD18B51B5B90FD13D79EFD3C" box="[970,990,737,760]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
. H. Beck, off Ua Pou,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="7114F861FD18B51B5893FCF3D506FCDC" box="[201,326,769,792]" country="French Polynesia" name="Iles Marquises" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Marquesas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. It is currently labelled
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5A17FCF0D6B0FCDD" box="[589,752,770,793]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A17FCF0D6B0FCDD" box="[589,752,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Fregetta guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5AA4FCF3D7E2FCDD" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[766,930,769,793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="34 - 52" refId="ref9899" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1933. On Fregetta Bonaparte and allied genera. Novit. Zool. 39: 34 - 52." type="journal article" year="1933">Mathews 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5BF7FCF3D07BFCDD" author="Lecroy, M." box="[941,1083,769,793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="207 - 346" refId="ref9812" refString="Lecroy, M. 2017. Addenda and corrigenda to type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History, Part 1. Supplement to Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 150 (3): 207 - 346 (1973)." type="journal article" year="2017">LeCroy 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and is the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="6C6B8821FD18B51B58E3FCD3D55CFCFD" box="[185,284,801,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5965FCD0D608FCFD" authority="(LeCroy 2017)" baseAuthorityName="LeCroy" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[319,584,801,825]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5965FCD0D5E2FCFD" box="[319,418,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. guttata</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B59EAFCD3D601FCFD" author="Lecroy, M." box="[432,577,801,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="207 - 346" refId="ref9812" refString="Lecroy, M. 2017. Addenda and corrigenda to type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History, Part 1. Supplement to Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 150 (3): 207 - 346 (1973)." type="journal article" year="2017">LeCroy 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5A08FCD3D6B8FCFD" author="Murphy, R. C." box="[594,760,801,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref9954" refString="Murphy, R. C. 1924. Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. II. Amer. Mus. Novit. 124: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1924">Murphy (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
initially considered the specimen to be the same taxon as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5927FCB0D62AFC9D" authority="(Peale 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[381,618,833,857]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5927FCB0D59DFC9D" box="[381,477,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B59B0FCB3D623FC9D" author="Peale, T. R." box="[490,611,833,857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" refId="ref10054" refString="Peale, T. R. 1848. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, vol. 8. C. Sherman, Philadelphia." type="book" year="1848">Peale 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and noted an intermediate structure (foot, nails, rectrices, etc.) between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B59C1FC90D650FCBD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[411,528,865,889]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B59C1FC90D650FCBD" box="[411,528,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5A14FC90D6F2FCBC" box="[590,690,865,889]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A14FC90D6F2FCBC" box="[590,690,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5A98FC93D736FCBD" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[706,886,865,889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="34 - 52" refId="ref9899" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1933. On Fregetta Bonaparte and allied genera. Novit. Zool. 39: 34 - 52." type="journal article" year="1933">Mathews (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
misinterpreted
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5C75FC93D496FC5D" author="Murphy, R. C." pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref9954" refString="Murphy, R. C. 1924. Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. II. Amer. Mus. Novit. 124: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1924">Murphy (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, confusing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5901FC70D5FEFC5D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[347,446,897,921]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5901FC70D5FEFC5D" box="[347,446,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B59A7FC70D652FC5D" box="[509,530,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A79FC70D676FC5D" box="[547,566,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A12FC73D639FC5C" box="[584,633,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
, and concluded
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD18B51B5B66FC73D7D2FC5D" box="[828,914,897,921]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
194110 represented a new species, even proposing a new genus. However,
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5B5BFC50D702FC7D" box="[769,834,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">contra</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5B16FC53D044FC7D" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[844,1028,929,953]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="34 - 52" refId="ref9899" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1933. On Fregetta Bonaparte and allied genera. Novit. Zool. 39: 34 - 52." type="journal article" year="1933">Mathews (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5C4BFC53D56DFC1D" author="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P." pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10016" refString="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P. 1952. The ' Pealea' phenomenon and other notes on storm petrels. Amer. Mus. Novit. 7: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1952">Murphy & Snyder (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found the differences insufficient to recognise a new taxon and assigned it to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B589CFC10D57AFC3D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[198,314,993,1017]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B589CFC10D57AFC3D" box="[198,314,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, considering
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B598CFC13D662FC3D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[470,546,993,1017]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Thalassidroma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5987FC13D662FC3D" box="[477,546,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ to be a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD18B51B5B42FC13D736FC3D" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[792,886,993,1017]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5B45FC13D736FC3D" box="[799,886,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ (see also
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD18B51B5BB5FC13D0C2FC3D" author="Lecroy, M." box="[1007,1154,993,1017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="120" pagination="207 - 346" refId="ref9812" refString="Lecroy, M. 2017. Addenda and corrigenda to type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History, Part 1. Supplement to Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 150 (3): 207 - 346 (1973)." type="journal article" year="2017">LeCroy 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Measurements are given in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD18B51B599DFBF3D60EFBDD" box="[455,590,1025,1049]" captionStart="Appendix 2" captionStartId="20.[756,853,409,431]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Appendix 2 Biometrics (mm) of all known museum specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York. NHMUK = Natural History Museum, Tring. QM = Queensland Museum, Brisbane. USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.Taxon is Fregetta. I = island. N = number (1, unless otherwise stated). NZ = New Zealand.S = sex (male / female) VB = Vincent Bretagnolle. Notes: 1 The value 22.0 mm in Murphy & Snyder (1952) is dubious. On reassessment, it should read 32.0 mm (see Fig. 11); 2 The value 34.5 mm (Mathews 1933) is dubious and likely erroneous." pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Appendix 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD18B51A589AFBD3D6F4FC46" blockId="10.[144,1165,129,1689]" lastBlockId="11.[144,1165,842,1698]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B589AFBD3D503FBFD" bold="true" box="[192,323,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Consult
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD18B51B5992FBD3D673FBFD" box="[456,563,1057,1081]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStart-2="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="11.[144,205,764,783]" captionStartId-1="12.[144,205,1010,1029]" captionStartId-2="13.[144,205,887,906]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1164,129,749]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1164,129,993]" captionTargetBox-2="[141,1166,113,866]" captionTargetId-0="figure-475@11.[144,1164,126,751]" captionTargetId-1="figure-221@12.[144,1164,125,993]" captionTargetId-2="figure-200@13.[138,1170,106,871]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="Figure 7. New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)" captionText-1="Figure 8. Comparison of ‘streaked’ White-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta g. grallaria with New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana and New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata. (A) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, Australia, April 2019 (David Newell, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (B) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, February 2017 (Mark Lethlean, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (C) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, date unknown (Jack Shick, www.lhirodenteradicationproject. org/plants-animals/birds). (D) New Zealand Storm Petrel, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (E) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (F) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). Rarely, individuals of all populations of F. grallaria have limited fine streaking, for example (A) and (B), narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of F. lineata, for example (E) and (F), or forming straighter lines characteristic of F. maoriana (D). A few extreme examples of F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe possess broader flanks streaking, e.g. (C), but never covering the whole belly." captionText-2="Figure 9. Comparison of underparts and underwing patterns of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata (n = 30), off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (top row) and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana (n = 43), Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (bottom row). Variation is scored into four main types for each species, from the heaviest marked (score 1) to lightest marked (score 4). Underparts streaking Both species can show similar coverage of streaking on the white belly and a tendency for denser and / or thicker streaks on the flanks. Score 1 for F. lineata (23.3% of birds) is uniquely patterned, with continuous and dense rows of oval dapples, rather than straighter lines of F. maoriana. Score 2 for F. lineata (36.7%) is the most common and similar to the coverage and shape of streaking as the similarly common score 2 for F. maoriana (34.9%). Streaking on F. lineata tends to be denser and bolder giving the impression it is wider. The unstreaked belly area tends to be cleaner white in F. maoriana. Border of dark breast The border in F. lineata is positioned higher than in F. maoriana, towards the centre of the upper breast, creating a rounder and less straight border than F. maoriana. Underwing pattern In F. lineata, the dark leading edge to the inner wing involves lesser secondary-coverts. The longest of these have partially dark bases creating a characteristic ragged border, with strongly marked bases in 83.3%, limited dark bases in the remaining 16.7%. By contrast, the dark leading edge in F. maoriana invariably shows a clear-cut border on the coverts, only occasionally with a few dark spots in the longest lesser coverts, and never forming a continuous ragged border as in F. lineata. Usually, some greater secondary-coverts and most / all greater primary-coverts in F. lineata have broad dark centres. Thus, the white underwing panel of F. lineata is noticeably less extensive than in F. maoriana (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535719" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535722" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535724" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12535719/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12535722/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12535724/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A1FFBD0D6E5FBFD" box="[581,677,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Foreparts</emphasis>
|
||||
Head, neck and throat to upper breast blackish brown (old feathers brownish and new ones glossed black). Throat of worn birds may show central pale mottling.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A4BFB93D6C6FBBD" box="[529,646,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Underparts</emphasis>
|
||||
Lower breast, belly to upper ventral region, and flanks contrastingly white with characteristic oval-shaped blackish streaking (feather centres). Streaking somewhat variable in size and shape, but typically each streak broadens at feather tip. Streaks on flanks widest and densest, those on central belly narrowest, and form rows of oval dapples. Dark upper breast border tends to form triangular extensions into sides of white breast.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B59E9FAF3D668FADD" box="[435,552,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Underwing</emphasis>
|
||||
Striking pattern with following specific characteristics. Broad blackish-brown leading edge, its border contiguous with dark upper breast. Dark leading edge of inner wing involves lesser secondary-coverts, and on outer wing the lesser and central median primary-coverts. Greater primary-coverts mostly greyish black. Median and greater primary-coverts narrowly tipped and edged white. Flight feathers essentially uniform greyish black. Resultant pattern is dark with restricted white underwing panel, which mostly involves median and greater secondary-coverts. However, some greater secondary-coverts can be dark centred, further restricting area of white panel.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5C43FA13D0CDFA3C" box="[1049,1165,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Upperparts</emphasis>
|
||||
Mantle to back and scapulars essentially blackish brown, shiny greenish / greyish on catching the light. Some mantle and scapular feathers narrowly tipped whitish. Small uppertail-coverts browner, rest white forming a well-defined wide U shape that wraps onto white underside.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5908F993D586F9BC" box="[338,454,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Upperwing</emphasis>
|
||||
Colour as upperparts, but upperwing-coverts a shade browner, forming an indistinct paler panel.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD18B51B5A4FF973D67BF95D" box="[533,571,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="120">Tail</emphasis>
|
||||
Blackish brown with white basal area on underside mostly concealed by blackish-brown lateral undertail-coverts (with thin white edges) but visible on spread tail.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59DFFC99D5ADFC46" box="[389,493,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">Bare parts</emphasis>
|
||||
Essentially black.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD19B51A58CAFD0ED5ECFCEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535719/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" startId="11.[144,205,764,783]" targetBox="[144,1164,129,749]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD19B51A58CAFD0ED5ECFCEC" blockId="11.[144,1165,764,809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
Figure 7. New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5A5FFD0FD6CAFCCB" box="[517,650,764,783]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5A5FFD0FD6CAFCCB" box="[517,650,764,783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD19B51A589AFC78D009FB26" blockId="11.[144,1165,842,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A589AFC78D588FC66" bold="true" box="[192,456,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">In-hand identification</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A59B2FC79D613FC66" box="[488,595,906,930]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59B2FC79D613FC66" box="[488,595,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinct from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B6EFC79D7F2FC66" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[820,946,906,930]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B6EFC79D7F2FC66" box="[820,946,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in structure and measurements. Only a few
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5997FC59D602FC06" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[461,578,938,962]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5997FC59D602FC06" box="[461,578,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are flecked / streaked on belly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD19B51A5BE3FC58D7BBFC06" box="[953,1019,938,962]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[144,205,1010,1029]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,993]" captionTargetId="figure-221@12.[144,1164,125,993]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Comparison of ‘streaked’ White-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta g. grallaria with New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana and New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata. (A) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, Australia, April 2019 (David Newell, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (B) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, February 2017 (Mark Lethlean, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (C) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, date unknown (Jack Shick, www.lhirodenteradicationproject. org/plants-animals/birds). (D) New Zealand Storm Petrel, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (E) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (F) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). Rarely, individuals of all populations of F. grallaria have limited fine streaking, for example (A) and (B), narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of F. lineata, for example (E) and (F), or forming straighter lines characteristic of F. maoriana (D). A few extreme examples of F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe possess broader flanks streaking, e.g. (C), but never covering the whole belly." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535722/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD19B51A5C48FC58D569FC26" author="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P." pageId="11" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10016" refString="Murphy, R. C. & Snyder, J. P. 1952. The ' Pealea' phenomenon and other notes on storm petrels. Amer. Mus. Novit. 7: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1952">Murphy & Snyder (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that such markings are commonly found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B3DFC39D799FC26" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[871,985,970,994]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B3DFC39D799FC26" box="[871,985,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, they are found on just eight of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD19B51A59E2FC18D65FFBC6" box="[440,543,1002,1026]" count="68" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" type="adult">68 adults</specimenCount>
|
||||
collected near the Juan Fernández Islands (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD19B51A5C54FC18D00DFBC6" box="[1038,1101,1002,1026]" name="Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), and seven of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD19B51A58A9FBF8D50EFBE6" box="[243,334,1034,1058]" count="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" type="adult">35 adult</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A590FFBF9D52BFBE6" box="[341,363,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5923FBF9D5CCFBE6" box="[377,396,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59C1FBF9D58CFBE6" box="[411,460,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
. Similar statistics occur for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B59FBF9D796FBE6" authority="(AMNH)" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" box="[771,982,1034,1058]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B59FBF9D725FBE6" box="[771,869,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
(AMNH)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Our experience of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A58F4FBD9D562FB86" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[174,290,1066,1090]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A58F4FBD9D562FB86" box="[174,290,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5907FBD9D533FB86" box="[349,371,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59D8FBD9D5D6FB86" box="[386,406,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">g.</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59FCFBD9D597FB86" box="[422,471,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">titan</emphasis>
|
||||
in the South Pacific, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5AA6FBD9D746FB86" box="[764,774,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">c</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD19B51A5B50FBD8D704FB86" box="[778,836,1066,1090]" count="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" type="generic">
|
||||
35
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B75FBD9D7D2FB86" box="[815,914,1067,1090]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B75FBD9D7D2FB86" box="[815,914,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD19B51A5C0CFBD9D4AEFBA6" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, leads to the conclusion that streaking is scarce and irregular, and variable in width and density, unlike the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="A5D6FD0AFD19B51A59C1FB98D5B1FB46" box="[411,497,1130,1154]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" type="generic">
|
||||
three
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5981FB99D67CFB46" box="[475,572,1130,1154]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5981FB99D67CFB46" box="[475,572,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD19B51A5AA8FB98D72FFB46" author="Flood, R." box="[754,879,1130,1154]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" pagination="479 - 483" refId="ref9491" refString="Flood, R. 2003. The New Zealand storm petrel is not extinct. Birding World 16: 479 - 483." type="journal article" year="2003">Flood 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD19B51A5B20FB98D0C1FB46" author="Stephenson, B. M. & Gaskin, C. P. & Griffiths, R. & Jamieson, H. & Baird, K. A. & Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J." box="[890,1153,1130,1154]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref10851" refString="Stephenson, B. M., Gaskin, C. P., Griffiths, R., Jamieson, H., Baird, K. A., Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J. 2008 b. The New Zealand storm-petrel (Pealeornis maoriana Mathews, 1932): first live capture and species assessment of an enigmatic seabird. Notornis 55: 191 - 206." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Stephenson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5C59FB99D06FFB46" box="[1027,1071,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2008b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Variation in intermediate-morph
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59AAFB79D63BFB66" box="[496,635,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
F. g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5A7EFB78D63BFB66" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[548,635,1162,1186]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">grallaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
from Lord Howe and Kermadec Islands amounts to gradual darkening on the axillaries and flanks, not streaking on the belly, and all but the darkest individuals have a pale belly (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD19B51A5A7CFB3ED77BFB25" author="Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J." box="[550,827,1228,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" refId="ref9861" refString="Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. (eds.) 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press, Melbourne." type="book" year="1990">Marchant & Higgins 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD19B51A5B1CFB3ED07FFB26" author="Stephenson, B. M. & Gaskin, C. P. & Griffiths, R. & Jamieson, H. & Baird, K. A. & Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J." box="[838,1087,1228,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref10851" refString="Stephenson, B. M., Gaskin, C. P., Griffiths, R., Jamieson, H., Baird, K. A., Palma, R. L. & Imber, M. J. 2008 b. The New Zealand storm-petrel (Pealeornis maoriana Mathews, 1932): first live capture and species assessment of an enigmatic seabird. Notornis 55: 191 - 206." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Stephenson
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B9DFB3FD7B0FB25" box="[967,1008,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2008b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD19B51A589AFB18D4A1FA86" blockId="11.[144,1165,842,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A589AFB18D6FEFAC6" bold="true" box="[192,702,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">Identification at sea and plumage variation</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5A84FB19D702FAC6" box="[734,834,1258,1282]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5A84FB19D702FAC6" box="[734,834,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can reliably be identified at sea with good views and, ideally, in sharp photographs on which it is possible to evaluate details.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD19B51A589AFAB8D7EEF965" blockId="11.[144,1165,842,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A589AFAB8D627FAA6" box="[192,615,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
Separation from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5923FAB9D627FAA6" box="[377,615,1354,1378]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="storm" subSpecies="petrels">Fregetta storm petrels</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Usually,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5AA8FAB9D71BFAA6" box="[754,859,1355,1378]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5AA8FAB9D71BFAA6" box="[754,859,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a thick dark central belly-stripe, sometimes narrow, scarcely broken, and a different structure and behaviour (see below). Usually,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A59D1FA79D640FA66" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[395,512,1418,1442]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59D1FA79D640FA66" box="[395,512,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a pure white belly, but a few have irregular thinly distributed flecks / streaks. Scarcely, individuals from all populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5C4BFA59D0CCFA06" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1041,1164,1450,1474]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5C4BFA59D0CCFA06" box="[1041,1164,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have flanks streaking, narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5915FA19D5F2F9C6" box="[335,434,1514,1538]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5915FA19D5F2F9C6" box="[335,434,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, or straighter lines characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B00FA19D799F9C6" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[858,985,1515,1538]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B00FA19D799F9C6" box="[858,985,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD19B51A5BB0FA18D06DF9C6" box="[1002,1069,1514,1538]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[144,205,1010,1029]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,993]" captionTargetId="figure-221@12.[144,1164,125,993]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Comparison of ‘streaked’ White-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta g. grallaria with New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana and New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata. (A) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, Australia, April 2019 (David Newell, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (B) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, February 2017 (Mark Lethlean, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (C) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, date unknown (Jack Shick, www.lhirodenteradicationproject. org/plants-animals/birds). (D) New Zealand Storm Petrel, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (E) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (F) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). Rarely, individuals of all populations of F. grallaria have limited fine streaking, for example (A) and (B), narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of F. lineata, for example (E) and (F), or forming straighter lines characteristic of F. maoriana (D). A few extreme examples of F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe possess broader flanks streaking, e.g. (C), but never covering the whole belly." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535722/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A few extreme examples of
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59DEF9F9D653F9E6" box="[388,531,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">
|
||||
F. g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A59E6F9F8D653F9E6" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[444,531,1546,1570]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">grallaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
from Lord Howe display broader flanks streaking, but never across the whole belly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD19B51A598DF9D8D655F986" box="[471,533,1578,1602]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[144,205,1010,1029]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,993]" captionTargetId="figure-221@12.[144,1164,125,993]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Comparison of ‘streaked’ White-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta g. grallaria with New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana and New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata. (A) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, Australia, April 2019 (David Newell, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (B) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, February 2017 (Mark Lethlean, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (C) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, date unknown (Jack Shick, www.lhirodenteradicationproject. org/plants-animals/birds). (D) New Zealand Storm Petrel, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (E) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (F) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). Rarely, individuals of all populations of F. grallaria have limited fine streaking, for example (A) and (B), narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of F. lineata, for example (E) and (F), or forming straighter lines characteristic of F. maoriana (D). A few extreme examples of F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe possess broader flanks streaking, e.g. (C), but never covering the whole belly." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535722/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Also, unlike
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5AEEF9D9D765F986" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[692,805,1578,1602]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5AEEF9D9D765F986" box="[692,805,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B6BF9D9D7D0F986" box="[817,912,1578,1602]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B6BF9D9D7D0F986" box="[817,912,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B95F9D9D009F986" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[975,1097,1579,1602]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B95F9D9D009F986" box="[975,1097,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) have a narrower white ‘rump patch’ on the long uppertail-coverts and a more restricted white underwing panel. Lastly,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A59F7F999D64CF946" box="[429,524,1642,1666]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A59F7F999D64CF946" box="[429,524,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5A11F999D685F946" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[587,709,1643,1666]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5A11F999D685F946" box="[587,709,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) lack extensive and broad white fringing on fresh upperparts as in most populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5AC0F979D6BDF966" box="[666,765,1675,1698]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5AC0F979D6BDF966" box="[666,765,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD19B51A5B6FF979D7E8F966" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[821,936,1674,1698]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD19B51A5B6FF979D7E8F966" box="[821,936,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="121">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD1EB51D58CAFC00D761FAEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535722/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" startId="12.[144,205,1010,1029]" targetBox="[144,1164,129,993]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1EB51D58CAFC00D761FAEB" blockId="12.[144,1165,1010,1327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">
|
||||
Figure 8. Comparison of ‘streaked’ White-bellied Storm Petrel
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5B57FC01D782FBC1" box="[781,962,1010,1029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5B57FC01D713FBC1" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[781,851,1011,1029]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Fregetta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5B23FC00D782FBC1" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[889,962,1010,1029]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">grallaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
with New Zealand Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5957FBFED537FBDA" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[269,375,1036,1054]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5957FBFED537FBDA" box="[269,375,1036,1054]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5A8AFBFED762FBDA" box="[720,802,1035,1054]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5A8AFBFED762FBDA" box="[720,802,1035,1054]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. (A) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, Australia, April 2019 (David Newell, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (B) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, February 2017 (Mark Lethlean, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (C) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, date unknown (Jack Shick, www.lhirodenteradicationproject. org/plants-animals/birds). (D) New Zealand Storm Petrel, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (E) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (F) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). Rarely, individuals of all populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5960FB20D5D9FB20" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[314,409,1233,1252]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5960FB20D5D9FB20" box="[314,409,1233,1252]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have limited fine streaking, for example (A) and (B), narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5ADDFB19D697FB39" box="[647,727,1258,1277]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5ADDFB19D697FB39" box="[647,727,1258,1277]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, for example (E) and (F), or forming straighter lines characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5939FAF6D58EFAD2" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[355,462,1284,1302]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5939FAF6D58EFAD2" box="[355,462,1284,1302]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(D). A few extreme examples of
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5B4FFAF6D7CFFAD2" box="[789,911,1283,1302]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">
|
||||
F. g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5B1CFAF1D7CFFAD2" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[838,911,1283,1302]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">grallaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
from Lord Howe possess broader flanks streaking, e.g. (C), but never covering the whole belly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1EB51C589AFAA3D7C1F986" blockId="12.[144,1165,1360,1704]" lastBlockId="13.[144,1164,1386,1698]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D589AFAA3D642FAAC" box="[192,514,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">
|
||||
Separation from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5924FAA3D642FAAC" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[382,514,1361,1384]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">F. maoriana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Consult
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD1EB51D5AD0FAA2D6B8FAAD" box="[650,760,1360,1385]" captionStart-0="Figure 8" captionStart-1="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="12.[144,205,1010,1029]" captionStartId-1="13.[144,205,887,906]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1164,129,993]" captionTargetBox-1="[141,1166,113,866]" captionTargetId-0="figure-221@12.[144,1164,125,993]" captionTargetId-1="figure-200@13.[138,1170,106,871]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="Figure 8. Comparison of ‘streaked’ White-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta g. grallaria with New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana and New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata. (A) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, Australia, April 2019 (David Newell, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (B) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, February 2017 (Mark Lethlean, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (C) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, date unknown (Jack Shick, www.lhirodenteradicationproject. org/plants-animals/birds). (D) New Zealand Storm Petrel, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (E) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (F) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). Rarely, individuals of all populations of F. grallaria have limited fine streaking, for example (A) and (B), narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of F. lineata, for example (E) and (F), or forming straighter lines characteristic of F. maoriana (D). A few extreme examples of F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe possess broader flanks streaking, e.g. (C), but never covering the whole belly." captionText-1="Figure 9. Comparison of underparts and underwing patterns of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata (n = 30), off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (top row) and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana (n = 43), Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (bottom row). Variation is scored into four main types for each species, from the heaviest marked (score 1) to lightest marked (score 4). Underparts streaking Both species can show similar coverage of streaking on the white belly and a tendency for denser and / or thicker streaks on the flanks. Score 1 for F. lineata (23.3% of birds) is uniquely patterned, with continuous and dense rows of oval dapples, rather than straighter lines of F. maoriana. Score 2 for F. lineata (36.7%) is the most common and similar to the coverage and shape of streaking as the similarly common score 2 for F. maoriana (34.9%). Streaking on F. lineata tends to be denser and bolder giving the impression it is wider. The unstreaked belly area tends to be cleaner white in F. maoriana. Border of dark breast The border in F. lineata is positioned higher than in F. maoriana, towards the centre of the upper breast, creating a rounder and less straight border than F. maoriana. Underwing pattern In F. lineata, the dark leading edge to the inner wing involves lesser secondary-coverts. The longest of these have partially dark bases creating a characteristic ragged border, with strongly marked bases in 83.3%, limited dark bases in the remaining 16.7%. By contrast, the dark leading edge in F. maoriana invariably shows a clear-cut border on the coverts, only occasionally with a few dark spots in the longest lesser coverts, and never forming a continuous ragged border as in F. lineata. Usually, some greater secondary-coverts and most / all greater primary-coverts in F. lineata have broad dark centres. Thus, the white underwing panel of F. lineata is noticeably less extensive than in F. maoriana (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535722" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535724" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12535722/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12535724/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">Figs. 8‒9</figureCitation>
|
||||
. Similar-looking but individually variable
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D58AAFA83D511FA4C" box="[240,337,1392,1416]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D58AAFA83D511FA4C" box="[240,337,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is larger, longer winged and longer legged, with different belly streaking and underwing pattern. Belly streaking of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5A23FA63D69BFA6C" box="[633,731,1424,1448]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5A23FA63D69BFA6C" box="[633,731,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is typically denser and bolder. White underwing panel of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5922FA43D599FA0C" box="[376,473,1456,1480]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5922FA43D599FA0C" box="[376,473,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
typically narrower and less clean-looking (more underwing-coverts have broad dark centres). Border of dark on breast rounder in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5B99FA23D065FA2C" box="[963,1061,1488,1512]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5B99FA23D065FA2C" box="[963,1061,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, curving from sides of lower breast to central upper breast, but clearly straighter in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5C5DFA03D0C6F9CC" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1031,1158,1521,1544]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5C5DFA03D0C6F9CC" box="[1031,1158,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. White ‘rump patch’ on long uppertail-coverts averages narrower and rounder in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5C7FF9E3D0C6F9EC" box="[1061,1158,1552,1576]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5C7FF9E3D0C6F9EC" box="[1061,1158,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Both species show variation in belly streaking. For example,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5B02F9C3D7FCF98C" box="[856,956,1584,1608]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5B02F9C3D7FCF98C" box="[856,956,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
score 4 (16.7% of birds) shows narrower less coalescing streaking, suggesting most heavily streaked
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D5C22F9A3D0CDF9AC" box="[1144,1165,1617,1640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D5C22F9A3D0CDF9AC" box="[1144,1165,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D58CAF983D4B0F94C" box="[144,240,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
score 1 (9.3% of birds).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1EB51D59A4F983D61EF94C" box="[510,606,1648,1672]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1EB51D59A4F983D61EF94C" box="[510,606,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="122">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
score 1 (23.3% of birds) uniquely patterned, with continuous and dense rows of oval dapples, rather than the more straight-lined streaks of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C58EAFA99D56FFA46" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[176,303,1387,1410]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C58EAFA99D56FFA46" box="[176,303,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(for explanation of scoring see
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD1FB51C5AFEFA98D6A7FA46" box="[676,743,1386,1410]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[144,205,887,906]" captionTargetBox="[141,1166,113,866]" captionTargetId="figure-200@13.[138,1170,106,871]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. Comparison of underparts and underwing patterns of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata (n = 30), off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (top row) and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana (n = 43), Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (bottom row). Variation is scored into four main types for each species, from the heaviest marked (score 1) to lightest marked (score 4). Underparts streaking Both species can show similar coverage of streaking on the white belly and a tendency for denser and / or thicker streaks on the flanks. Score 1 for F. lineata (23.3% of birds) is uniquely patterned, with continuous and dense rows of oval dapples, rather than straighter lines of F. maoriana. Score 2 for F. lineata (36.7%) is the most common and similar to the coverage and shape of streaking as the similarly common score 2 for F. maoriana (34.9%). Streaking on F. lineata tends to be denser and bolder giving the impression it is wider. The unstreaked belly area tends to be cleaner white in F. maoriana. Border of dark breast The border in F. lineata is positioned higher than in F. maoriana, towards the centre of the upper breast, creating a rounder and less straight border than F. maoriana. Underwing pattern In F. lineata, the dark leading edge to the inner wing involves lesser secondary-coverts. The longest of these have partially dark bases creating a characteristic ragged border, with strongly marked bases in 83.3%, limited dark bases in the remaining 16.7%. By contrast, the dark leading edge in F. maoriana invariably shows a clear-cut border on the coverts, only occasionally with a few dark spots in the longest lesser coverts, and never forming a continuous ragged border as in F. lineata. Usually, some greater secondary-coverts and most / all greater primary-coverts in F. lineata have broad dark centres. Thus, the white underwing panel of F. lineata is noticeably less extensive than in F. maoriana (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535724/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Borderline cases of belly streaking separated when underwing pattern diagnostic. Underwing of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5B38FA79D785FA66" box="[866,965,1418,1442]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5B38FA79D785FA66" box="[866,965,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
diagnostic when shows partially dark row of longest lesser secondary-coverts, creating characteristic ragged border to dark leading edge, and has dark centres to greater secondary-coverts. Conversely, a clear-cut border and all-white greater secondary-coverts are diagnostic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5B8DFA19D011F9C6" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[983,1105,1515,1538]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5B8DFA19D011F9C6" box="[983,1105,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(e.g., as evidenced by the first proven record of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5AD8F9F9D740F9E6" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[642,768,1547,1570]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5AD8F9F9D740F9E6" box="[642,768,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
away from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1FB51C5BD5F9F9D06DF9E6" box="[911,1069,1546,1570]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, off
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1FB51C5C39F9F8D0C8F9E6" box="[1123,1160,1546,1570]" name="Fiji" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1FB51C58CAF9D8D53FF986" author="Flood, R. L. & Wilson, A. C." box="[144,383,1578,1602]" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" pagination="278 - 286" refId="ref9544" refString="Flood, R. L. & Wilson, A. C. 2017. A New Zealand Storm Petrel Fregetta maoriana off Gau Island, Fiji, in May 2017. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 137: 278 - 286." type="journal article" year="2017">Flood & Wilson 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Also consider jizz and behaviour as follows.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD1FB51C58CAFC85D689FA8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535724/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" startId="13.[144,205,887,906]" targetBox="[141,1166,113,866]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1FB51C58CAFC85D689FA8D" blockId="13.[144,1165,887,1353]" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">
|
||||
Figure 9. Comparison of underparts and underwing patterns of New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5C5DFC8AD0CCFC4E" box="[1031,1164,887,906]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5C5DFC8AD0CCFC4E" box="[1031,1164,887,906]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C58CDFC63D4E3FC67" box="[151,163,913,931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 30), off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (top row) and New Zealand Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5C79FC63D0CDFC67" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1059,1165,913,931]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5C79FC63D0CDFC67" box="[1059,1165,913,931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C58CDFC5BD4E3FC7F" box="[151,163,937,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 43), Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (bottom row). Variation is scored into four main types for each species, from the heaviest marked (score 1) to lightest marked (score 4).
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5C73FC30D49FFC29" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Underparts streaking</emphasis>
|
||||
Both species can show similar coverage of streaking on the white belly and a tendency for denser and / or thicker streaks on the flanks. Score 1 for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5ADBFC06D695FBC2" box="[641,725,1011,1030]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5ADBFC06D695FBC2" box="[641,725,1011,1030]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(23.3% of birds) is uniquely patterned, with continuous and dense rows of oval dapples, rather than straighter lines of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5B00FBFFD783FBDB" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[858,963,1037,1055]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5B00FBFFD783FBDB" box="[858,963,1037,1055]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Score 2 for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5C60FBFFD0CCFBDB" box="[1082,1164,1036,1055]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5C60FBFFD0CCFBDB" box="[1082,1164,1036,1055]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(36.7%) is the most common and similar to the coverage and shape of streaking as the similarly common score 2 for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C58A1FBCCD524FB94" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[251,356,1086,1104]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C58A1FBCCD524FB94" box="[251,356,1086,1104]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(34.9%). Streaking on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5A66FBCCD6CEFB95" box="[572,654,1086,1105]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5A66FBCCD6CEFB95" box="[572,654,1086,1105]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tends to be denser and bolder giving the impression it is wider. The unstreaked belly area tends to be cleaner white in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5B73FBA5D7D4FBAD" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[809,916,1111,1129]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5B73FBA5D7D4FBAD" box="[809,916,1111,1129]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5BF8FBA4D01FFBAD" box="[930,1119,1110,1130]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Border of dark breast</emphasis>
|
||||
The border in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C58B4FB82D500FB46" box="[238,320,1135,1154]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C58B4FB82D500FB46" box="[238,320,1135,1154]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is positioned higher than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5A0EFB82D6FCFB46" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[596,700,1136,1154]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5A0EFB82D6FCFB46" box="[596,700,1136,1154]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, towards the centre of the upper breast, creating a rounder and less straight border than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5A4CFB7BD6C0FB5F" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[534,640,1161,1179]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5A4CFB7BD6C0FB5F" box="[534,640,1161,1179]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5AD6FB7AD774FB5F" box="[652,820,1160,1179]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Underwing pattern</emphasis>
|
||||
In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5B02FB7BD7EBFB5F" box="[856,939,1160,1179]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5B02FB7BD7EBFB5F" box="[856,939,1160,1179]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the dark leading edge to the inner wing involves lesser secondary-coverts. The longest of these have partially dark bases creating a characteristic ragged border, with strongly marked bases in 83.3%, limited dark bases in the remaining 16.7%. By contrast, the dark leading edge in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5A60FB21D6E3FB21" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[570,675,1235,1253]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5A60FB21D6E3FB21" box="[570,675,1235,1253]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
invariably shows a clear-cut border on the coverts, only occasionally with a few dark spots in the longest lesser coverts, and never forming a continuous ragged border as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5954FAF7D521FAD3" box="[270,353,1284,1303]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5954FAF7D521FAD3" box="[270,353,1284,1303]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Usually, some greater secondary-coverts and most / all greater primary-coverts in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C58CAFAECD4A1FAF4" box="[144,225,1309,1328]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C58CAFAECD4A1FAF4" box="[144,225,1309,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have broad dark centres. Thus, the white underwing panel of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5B6DFAECD7C8FAF4" box="[823,904,1309,1328]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5B6DFAECD7C8FAF4" box="[823,904,1309,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is noticeably less extensive than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5882FAC4D500FA8C" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[216,320,1334,1352]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5882FAC4D500FA8C" box="[216,320,1334,1352]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1FB51F589AF9B9D5AFFD9C" blockId="13.[144,1164,1386,1698]" lastBlockId="14.[144,1165,129,601]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C589AF9B9D5C8F9A6" box="[192,392,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Jizz and behaviour</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Once learnt,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5A18F9B9D6E7F9A6" box="[578,679,1610,1634]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5A18F9B9D6E7F9A6" box="[578,679,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is readily identifiable by jizz, flight and feeding behaviour. Compared to other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5A19F999D770F946" box="[579,816,1642,1666]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="storm" subSpecies="petrels">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5A19F999D6D6F946" box="[579,662,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
storm petrels
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1FB51C5BF6F999D066F946" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[940,1062,1643,1666]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1FB51C5BF6F999D066F946" box="[940,1062,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="123">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, note the slimmer build, with proportionately longer and narrower wings, elongated rear body, and long squarer-ended tail.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F59FDFF70D649FF5D" box="[423,521,129,153]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F59FDFF70D649FF5D" box="[423,521,129,153]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a less square, more angular forehead profile, longer neck, and quite long and thick bill that curves downward. It also has long legs, notably the tibia, which can approach the very long legs of White-faced Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5C53FF33D499FF3D" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Pelagodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5C53FF33D499FF3D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Pelagodroma marina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, best appreciated when foot-pattering (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD1CB51F5AF8FF13D6A6FF3D" box="[674,742,225,249]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[144,205,764,783]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,749]" captionTargetId="figure-475@11.[144,1164,126,751]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535719/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Feet relatively ‘huge’, accentuating impression of ‘walking on water’. Unlike other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5AF2FEF0D6BBFEDD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[680,763,258,281]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5AF2FEF0D6BBFEDD" box="[680,763,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that freely ‘ski’ using one foot, this species only occasionally performs short ‘skis’. Rather, it employs both feet simultaneously, occasionally followed by a short ‘ski’.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5A1AFEB0D6FCFE9D" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[576,700,322,345]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5A1AFEB0D6FCFE9D" box="[576,700,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
‘skis’ on one foot in travelling flight, but not habitually like
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5937FE90D592FEBD" box="[365,466,354,377]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5937FE90D592FEBD" box="[365,466,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. tropica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5A4BFE90D6C6FEBD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[529,646,353,377]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5A4BFE90D6C6FEBD" box="[529,646,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Travelling flight striking, comprising glides and flaps on stiff wings, close to the sea surface. Collects prey from sea surface like other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F58CAFE50D4A3FE7D" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[144,227,418,441]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F58CAFE50D4A3FE7D" box="[144,227,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A bird once dived
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5988FE50D59CFE7D" box="[466,476,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">c</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD1CB51F59BAFE53D669FE7C" box="[480,553,417,441]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||||
to collect small pieces of fish. On several occasions, foraging birds challenged Tahiti Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5A1AFE33D778FE1D" baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[576,824,449,473]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pseudobulweria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5A1AFE33D778FE1D" box="[576,824,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Pseudobulweria rostrata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and Gould’s Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5C4EFE33D4B9FE3D" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoptera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5C4EFE33D4B9FE3D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Pterodroma leucoptera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, quickly snatching fish pieces, then escaping.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5B6BFE10D7D9FE3D" box="[817,921,481,505]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5B6BFE10D7D9FE3D" box="[817,921,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may associate with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F58CAFDF0D555FDDD" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[144,277,513,537]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoptera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F58CAFDF0D555FDDD" box="[144,277,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">P. leucoptera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as they often arrive simultaneously at chum, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5B12FDF0D7E9FDDD" box="[840,937,513,537]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5B12FDF0D7E9FDDD" box="[840,937,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is always present at large feeding aggregations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5983FDD0D61EFDFD" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[473,606,545,569]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoptera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5983FDD0D61EFDFD" box="[473,606,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">P. leucoptera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5AF2FDD0D747FDFD" box="[680,775,545,569]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5AF2FDD0D747FDFD" box="[680,775,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
constantly follows feeding Copper Sharks
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F58B8FDB3D5A9FD9D" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[226,489,577,601]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F58B8FDB3D5A9FD9D" box="[226,489,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Carcharhinus brachyurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
261
data/3B/79/87/3B798795FD1CB50158ADFD8FD5D5FB5D.xml
Normal file
261
data/3B/79/87/3B798795FD1CB50158ADFD8FD5D5FB5D.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
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<mods:title id="565D24C35391A35AF5AD6BADE098C481">Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="52FA9916FBF3D1296781CFD983A25D4B">Shirihai, Hadoram</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="3B798795FD1CB50158ADFD8FD5D5FB5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B798795FD1CB50158ADFD8FD5D5FB5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B798795FD1CB50158ADFD8FD5D5FB5D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
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<subSubSection id="FBCA6508FD1CB51F58ADFD8FD064FD5E" box="[247,1060,637,666]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1CB51F58ADFD8FD064FD5E" blockId="14.[247,1060,637,666]" box="[247,1060,637,666]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F58ADFD8FD064FD5E" bold="true" box="[247,1060,637,666]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
|
||||
Breeding New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5B1EFD8CD064FD5E" authority="(Peale, 1848)" box="[836,1060,637,666]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5B1EFD8CD064FD5E" bold="true" box="[836,1060,637,666]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
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<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1CB51F589AFD43D6BBFBED" blockId="14.[144,1165,688,1705]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F589AFD43D6DCFD0C" bold="true" box="[192,668,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
|
||||
First confirmed breeding in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1CB51F59B5FD43D6DCFD0C" box="[495,668,688,712]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.—On
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD1CB51F5ABEFD43D7F4FD0D" box="[740,948,689,713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" value="2014-09-26">26 September 2014</date>
|
||||
, a juvenile
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5C77FD40D0CCFD0D" box="[1069,1164,689,713]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5C77FD40D0CCFD0D" box="[1069,1164,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was caught by inhabitants of New Caledonia. Information is sparse, but it was found on the shore of mainland New Caledonia, in an inhabited area (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD1CB51F5B4FFD03D712FCCD" box="[789,850,753,777]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[144,205,729,748]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,708]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[144,1164,129,715]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing all locations mentioned in the text, including the breeding location of New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana; and the locations where specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata were collected, at-sea sightings made, and the fledgling found. There has been discussion about the origin of the specimen NHMUK 1895.2.11.1 (Galbreath 2018)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535703/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and the juvenile probably was disoriented by street lights, as happens elsewhere with petrels, shearwaters and storm petrels (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1CB51F58B1FCC3D59DFC8D" author="Rodriguez, A. & Holmes, N. D. & Ryan, P. G. & Wilson, K. J. & Faulquier, L. & Murillo, Y. & Raine, A. F. & Penniman, J. F. & Neves, V. & Rodriguez, B. & Negro, J. J. & Chiaradia, A. & Dann, P. & Anderson, T. & Metzger, B. & Shirai, M. & Deppe, L. & Wheeler, J. & Hodum, P. & Gouveia, C. & Carmo, V. & Carreira, G. P. & Delgado-Alburqueque, L. & Guerra-Correa, C. & Couzi, F. X. & Travers, M. & Le Corre, M." box="[235,477,817,841]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" pagination="986 - 1001" refId="ref10533" refString="Rodriguez, A., Holmes, N. D., Ryan, P. G., Wilson, K. J., Faulquier, L., Murillo, Y., Raine, A. F., Penniman, J. F., Neves, V., Rodriguez, B., Negro, J. J., Chiaradia, A., Dann, P., Anderson, T., Metzger, B., Shirai, M., Deppe, L., Wheeler, J., Hodum, P., Gouveia, C., Carmo, V., Carreira, G. P., Delgado-Alburqueque, L., Guerra-Correa, C., Couzi, F. X., Travers, M. & Le Corre, M. 2017. Seabird mortality induced by landbased artificial lights. Conserv. Biol. 31: 986 - 1001." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
Rodríguez
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5931FCC0D5D7FC8D" box="[363,407,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2017
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Photographs were taken that day at Port Bouraké, in front of Îlot Leprédour (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2BEB2A06FD1CB51F5939FCA3D5F1FCAD" box="[355,433,849,873]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="15.[144,205,908,927]" captionTargetBox="[145,1163,129,892]" captionTargetId="figure-70@15.[144,1164,125,896]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 10. New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata, Port Bouraké, New Caledonia, 26 September 2014; the first documented fledgling; note traces of down on head, stripes on belly diagnostic of F. lineata, narrow white fringes on dorsal feathers and upperwing (the latter most typical of F. grallaria) (photographer unknown, images supplied by L. Renaudet)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535726/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In 2009, this islet became a nature reserve of the
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="7114F861FD1CB51F5BB5FCA3D0C9FCAD" box="[1007,1161,849,873]" country="New Caledonia" name="Province Sud" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Province Sud</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. Eradication of European Rabbits
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5A42FC83D748FC4D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[536,776,881,905]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Oryctolagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5A42FC83D748FC4D" box="[536,776,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Oryctolagus cuniculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the islet is underway. The photographs were first sent to L. Renaudet (of the Société Calédonienne d’Ornithologie), who forwarded them to VB for identification. The bird had down on its head and nape, indicating a recent fledgling and confirming breeding on New Caledonia. No feather or blood samples were taken, and the bird was released. This is the only definite record of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5C22FC00D495FBED" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5C22FC00D495FBED" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on land and the only one indicative of breeding.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1CB51F589AFBC2D7EAFA0D" blockId="14.[144,1165,688,1705]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F589AFBC2D6A6FB8C" bold="true" box="[192,742,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
|
||||
What is the breeding season in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1CB51F5A70FBC3D69BFB8C" box="[554,731,1072,1096]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
?
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
—A fledgling in September points to winter breeding in the Southern Hemisphere. A six-month season is expected given the size of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5885FB80D500FB4D" box="[223,320,1137,1161]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5885FB80D500FB4D" box="[223,320,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Thus, based on the fledgling, March–April is the likely egg-laying period. This corresponds with the majority of sightings in March and April off New Caledonia (Appendix 1). Further, numerous sightings as early as January off New Caledonia in 2020 suggest that egg laying may occur over an extended period, possibly January–April. In
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD1CB51F58CAFB03D565FACD" box="[144,293,1265,1289]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" value="2020-01">January 2020</date>
|
||||
, off New Caledonia, birds were in rather fresh plumage, but tail and breast feathers were worn. The lack of primary moult and feather condition indicate that at least some were engaged in pre-breeding or breeding activities. (Primary moult of successful breeding storm petrels generally commences post-breeding.) Sightings off Australia perhaps correspond mainly to non-breeders. Indeed, birds there in March often had rather worn plumage and in
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD1CB51F5910FA63D580FA6D" box="[330,448,1425,1449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" value="2014-04">April 2014</date>
|
||||
active wing moult was noted, which would not be expected in breeding adults. That said, some did not show obvious wear or moult.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1CB501589AFA22D034FE7D" blockId="14.[144,1165,688,1705]" lastBlockId="16.[144,1165,129,1177]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F589AFA22D640FA2C" bold="true" box="[192,512,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Where exactly does it breed?</emphasis>
|
||||
—All islets in the southern lagoon of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1CB51F5BFBFA23D010FA2D" box="[929,1104,1489,1513]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
have been visited and carefully searched, with several nights spent on most of them (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD1CB51F5C7DFA03D50EF9ED" author="Benoit, M. P. & Bretagnolle, V." pageId="14" pageNumber="124" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref9131" refString="Benoit, M. P. & Bretagnolle, V. 2002. Seabirds of the southern lagoon of New Caledonia: distribution, abundance and threats. Waterbirds 25: 202 - 213." type="book chapter" year="2002">Benoit & Bretagnolle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5905F9E3D58AF9EC" box="[351,458,1553,1576]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="storm">No storm</taxonomicName>
|
||||
petrel was ever seen, no
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1CB51F5ABDF9E0D77AF9ED" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[743,826,1554,1577]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5ABDF9E0D77AF9ED" box="[743,826,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
whistling call was heard and, as far as we know, none of the many ornithologists who subsequently visited the islets has reported storm petrels. The only known storm petrel colony in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1CB51F5B09F9A3D042F9AD" box="[851,1026,1617,1641]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
was located in
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD1CB51F58F5F983D51EF94D" box="[175,350,1649,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" value="1999-12">
|
||||
December
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD1CB51F5971F983D53DF94D" box="[299,381,1649,1673]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07746" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" unit="in" value="1999.0">1999 in</quantity>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
the interior of an islet off northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD1CB51F5B7BF983D793F94D" box="[801,979,1649,1673]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD1CB51F5BBEF983D047F94D" box="[996,1031,1649,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">VB</collectionCode>
|
||||
pers. obs.). Seven to nine burrows with entrances of
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1CB51F5A0CF960D620F96D" box="[598,608,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="124">c</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<quantity id="74289B66FD1CB51F5A3EF963D6F5F96C" box="[612,693,1681,1705]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 cm</quantity>
|
||||
width were located in sand. No particular smell was detected and nothing was observed in the burrows. They were not disturbed as burrows in sand are easily and irreparably damaged. It was not possible to spend the night on the islet, but during several nights on neighbouring islets
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B5015B17FF33D7F3FF1C" box="[845,947,193,216]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="storm">no storm</taxonomicName>
|
||||
petrel was seen or heard. Polynesian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B5015A5EFF13D6B3FF3D" baseAuthorityName="Bourne" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[516,755,225,249]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Nesofregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B5015A5EFF13D6B3FF3D" box="[516,755,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">Nesofregetta fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a long-suspected breeder in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD02B5015C0CFF13D544FEDD" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, was believed to be the burrow owner. In
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD02B5015A86FEF3D70AFEDD" box="[732,842,257,281]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" value="2000-05">May 2000</date>
|
||||
, M. Pandolfi spent a night at the colony, heard whistling calls, but did not see or catch any storm petrels. Winter breeding supported the assumption that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B50159AAFEB0D635FE9D" baseAuthorityName="Bourne" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[496,629,321,345]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Nesofregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B50159AAFEB0D635FE9D" box="[496,629,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">N. fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was involved. However, the following summer rats
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B501589BFE90D508FEBD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[193,328,354,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B501589BFE90D508FEBD" box="[193,328,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were found on the islet. Although successfully eradicated in 2008, no one has located storm petrels on subsequent visits and no burrow has been found (J. Baudat & P. Villard pers. comm. 2008–18). The species of storm petrel involved remains unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD1DB51E58CAFC7ED66FFC2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535726/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="125" startId="15.[144,205,908,927]" targetBox="[145,1163,129,892]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1DB51E58CAFC7ED66FFC2E" blockId="15.[144,1164,908,1002]" pageId="15" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
Figure 10. New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1DB51E5A68FC7FD711FC5B" authority=", Port Bourake" authorityName="Port Bourake" box="[562,849,908,928]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1DB51E5A68FC7FD6FDFC5B" box="[562,701,908,927]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="125">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
, Port Bouraké
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, New Caledonia, 26 September 2014; the first documented fledgling; note traces of down on head, stripes on belly diagnostic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1DB51E5C6EFC54D0C7FC7C" box="[1076,1159,933,952]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1DB51E5C6EFC54D0C7FC7C" box="[1076,1159,933,952]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="125">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, narrow white fringes on dorsal feathers and upperwing (the latter most typical of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1DB51E5BCCFC4CD7B6FC15" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[918,1014,958,977]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grallaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1DB51E5BCCFC4CD7B6FC15" box="[918,1014,958,977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="125">F. grallaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (photographer unknown, images supplied by L. Renaudet)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="E7AF660BFD1DB51E58CAF9A3D764F952" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12535728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12535728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12535728/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="125" startId="15.[144,205,1617,1636]" targetBox="[144,1164,1019,1601]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD1DB51E58CAF9A3D764F952" blockId="15.[144,1165,1617,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="125">
|
||||
Figure 11. New Caledonian Storm Petrel
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD1DB51E5A41F9A0D6E2F9A0" box="[539,674,1617,1636]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD1DB51E5A41F9A0D6E2F9A0" box="[539,674,1617,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="125">Fregetta lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
held at the American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH 194110); the annotations demonstrate that the middle toe and claw measure 32 mm, and the published measurement of 22 mm is incorrect (Hadoram Shirihai)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD02B501589AFE30D7E8FD1D" blockId="16.[144,1165,129,1177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B501589AFE30D565FE1D" box="[192,293,449,473]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B501589AFE30D565FE1D" box="[192,293,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may breed either inland or on islets in Bouloupari Lagoon (not visited). These islets are atypical and quite unlike southern lagoon islets. Some are rocky and most are surrounded by mangroves. The most suitable location would be Leprédour Islet where introduced mammals were recently eradicated. Any storm petrel population on the islet would likely have recovered somewhat, leading to at-sea sightings, as suggested for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B50158E3FD90D576FDBD" baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[185,310,610,633]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoriana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B50158E3FD90D576FDBD" box="[185,310,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">F. maoriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
which breeds on Little Barrier Island where cats were recently eradicated. Alternatively, breeding may occur on mainland
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD02B5015A9EFD73D739FD5D" box="[708,889,641,665]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; a likely location is the Tontouta River valley where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B50159B8FD53D68CFD7D" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[482,716,673,697]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" genus="Pterodroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoptera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B50159B8FD53D68CFD7D" box="[482,716,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">Pterodroma leucoptera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
breeds. High forested peaks along the coast, such as Dent de
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD02B50159D5FD33D668FD1D" box="[399,552,705,729]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">Saint Vincent</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, are also suitable search locations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B36F3683FD02B501589AFD13D5D5FB5D" blockId="16.[144,1165,129,1177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">
|
||||
Apart from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD02B5015902FD13D652FD3D" box="[344,530,737,761]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the Marquesas Islands, where
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD02B5015BC5FD13D7B5FD3D" box="[927,1013,737,761]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
194110 was collected, could hold a breeding population. The presence of subfossil bones attributed to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B50158F4FCD0D541FCFD" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[174,257,802,825]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B50158F4FCD0D541FCFD" box="[174,257,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">Fregetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on Ua Huka and Tahuata (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD02B5015A62FCD3D6A5FCFD" author="Steadman, D. W." box="[568,741,801,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" refId="ref10773" refString="Steadman, D. W. 2006. Extinction and biogeography of tropical Pacific birds. Univ. of Chicago Press." type="book" year="2006">Steadman 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) might evidence the past presence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B50158CAFCB0D4B1FC9D" box="[144,241,833,857]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B50158CAFCB0D4B1FC9D" box="[144,241,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In addition, on
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD02B50159EBFCB3D6C7FC9D" box="[433,647,833,857]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" value="2013-09-30">30 September 2013</date>
|
||||
, one or two streaked storm petrels were seen south-west of Fatu Hiva, which provides hope that the streaked storm petrel survives in the Marquesas (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD02B501594DFC73D644FC5D" author="Flood, R. L. & Wilson, A. C." box="[279,516,897,921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" pagination="278 - 286" refId="ref9544" refString="Flood, R. L. & Wilson, A. C. 2017. A New Zealand Storm Petrel Fregetta maoriana off Gau Island, Fiji, in May 2017. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 137: 278 - 286." type="journal article" year="2017">Flood & Wilson 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, in
|
||||
<date id="C76E1043FD02B5015AFEFC73D7FDFC5D" box="[676,957,897,921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" value="2021-09" valueMax="2021-10-31" valueMin="2021-09-00">September–October 2021</date>
|
||||
, an 18-day seabird survey circumnavigating the islands recorded numerous storm petrels, but no streaked birds (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7414B72FD02B501588DFC33D5D0FC1D" author="Flood, R. L. & Tanoi, S. & Zufelt, K." box="[215,400,961,985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" refId="ref9590" refString="Flood, R. L., Tanoi, S. & Zufelt, K. 2022. Pelagic observations during a circumnavigation of the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, September - October 2021. Pacific Seabird Group Tech. Publ. No. 4. https: // pacificseabirdgroup. org / psg-publications / technical-publications /." type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||||
Flood
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B501597AFC30D50BFC1D" box="[288,331,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2022
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Perhaps seas around the Marquesas form part of the non-breeding range, given that the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD02B50159D8FC13D598FC3D" box="[386,472,993,1017]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
specimen and the recent sightings were in September, at the end of the likely breeding season in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD02B5015A73FBF3D699FBDD" box="[553,729,1025,1049]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
discussed above. Also,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74D04D00FD02B5015BBFFBF0D006FBDD" box="[997,1094,1025,1049]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Fregetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81A4EA91FD02B5015BBFFBF0D006FBDD" box="[997,1094,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">F. lineata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
could breed and survive on
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD02B50159D3FBD3D596FBFD" box="[393,470,1057,1081]" name="Samoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, where
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D5C1AE46FD02B5015A75FBD3D63DFBFD" box="[559,637,1057,1081]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="126" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
15713 was collected (especially if the bird was collected on land, see above). Mt. Fito would be a likely breeding locality, although again, the seas around
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CBC77613FD02B5015915FB93D5DAFBBD" box="[335,410,1121,1145]" name="Samoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="126">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
could form part of the non-breeding range, as the specimen was collected in November.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue