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<mods:title id="F1FEF0151A357AF1FE7D7DCA32FD7FBB">The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CAE424A04B6A3D841FA408F19EB0BD4F">Gutierrez, Eliecer E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8E5E12DC71F8BC32D845E500FDC0578E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127864444" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E5E12DC71F8BC32D845E500FDC0578E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E5E12DC71F8BC32D845E500FDC0578E" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<subSubSection id="A941BF5C0796A362519F561C524A3044" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4942AAEAC7F1AD0F4AAF2C0A145A1302" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="D52279E646C3382724A3600D87183A0C" ID-CoL="56Q6H" authority="Wagner, 1842" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thylamys (Xerodelphis) velutinus" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velutinus" subGenus="Xerodelphis">
<pageBreakToken id="5E57F11B7E2DCF3740EB04F531E1D888" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" start="start">Thylamys</pageBreakToken>
(Xerodelphis) velutinus (Wagner, 1842)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="258A7CB8F968619552E28B3C014387BC" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="335624D25AEB8BEEFC55E92726EF0781" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="532E31AF7DC53D47F7C69A684603B21A" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thylamys velutinus" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velutinus">Thylamys velutinus</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the Cerrado, and has been recorded in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Minas Gerais,
<normalizedToken id="BEDACBD158F5DEC8F7D0F4A0B8FE65EE" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, and in the Distrito Federal (
<bibRefCitation id="C6C49BC7C33CE78BD621A3E737B015A6" author="Vieira, EM" pageId="43" pageNumber="148" url="https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm-1996-0313" year="1996">Vieira and Palma 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4C17C22E4A30AEA72F6F0AE3CCE2A306" author="Bonvicino, CR" pageId="31" pageNumber="136" url="https://doi.org/10.1076/snfe.38.1.1.14030" year="2003">Bonvicino and Bezerra 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="526D283D03BE41392E9299A4D9B083D8" author="Giarla, TC" pageId="36" pageNumber="141" url="https://doi.org/10.1206/716.1" year="2010">Giarla et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="581B94AF29F0461AA5A2ACD8659EA823" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Bonvicino et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Marginal records are known from transitional areas that harbor isolated patches of Cerrado vegetation embedded within the Atlantic Forest biome (see Caceres 2012 and references therein).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="995F5A0322D6D408F3039154CFAEE374" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="9235E6E4D8E1DD55FB041A5C1120A206" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF0483870B3F23C806CE8F5866BF789C" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
The red list of the IUCN ver. 3.1 assigned the category &quot;Near Threatened&quot; to
<taxonomicName id="D91860FDC35F29B385AFB5FE2DC8A416" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thylamys velutinus" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velutinus">Thylamys velutinus</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="1AC7BA270B2E442FB9F459F48D2E40A1" author="Carmignotto, AP" pageId="33" pageNumber="138" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/40520/0" year="2016">
Carmignotto and
<normalizedToken id="8DF53E178C21E6384ED14F59B0D1E07F" originalValue="Astúa">Astua</normalizedToken>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The species appears in the official list of threatened species of Brazil with the category
<normalizedToken id="FAF9DB9E4898615439F826006B19873F" originalValue="“Vulnerable”">&quot;Vulnerable&quot;</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0843E029F54027884C0B1FE606830688" author="Iack-Ximenes, GE" pageId="36" pageNumber="141" url="http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/comunicacao/publicacoes/publicacoes-diversas/dcom_sumario_executivo_livro_vermelho_ed_2016.pdf" year="2016">ICMBIO-MMA 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="8E5E7EB7B44F20F873C137676C2A21A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4355470" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164946748" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4355470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E5E7EB7B44F20F873C137676C2A21A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E5E7EB7B44F20F873C137676C2A21A3" lastPageNumber="525" pageNumber="525">
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<taxonomicName id="256C021F057EB0597AEDD80FBF0109F5" ID-CoL="634S6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fumana" status="spec. nov.">Cistus fumana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1054DB5BE99BAFE559B69AF94A98FBA4" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="31B05ED5928FA7E054E63DDC7597116C" pageNumber="525">11. Cistus suffruticosus procumbens exstipulatus, foliis alternis linearibus, pedunculis unifloris.</paragraph>
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Cistus caule procumbente, foliis alternis.
<emphasis id="F2AFAA8E2BC3A5E04E319AF39706B24D" italics="true">Fl. suec. 435.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C0300DA17160ECABC347B70DDE50E244" italics="true">Guett. stamp. 157.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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Cistus fruticosus procumbens, foliis aciformibus nudis.
<emphasis id="759BA8CAD9B7960C240A70D9599D280E" italics="true">Sauv. monsp.45.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DC777A073630BE9EB3010D47D32C221" pageNumber="525">
Helianthemum foliis linearibus saepius alternis non stipulatis, pedunculis unifloris, caule lignoso.
<emphasis id="C207264BF4CDC8D941D3250E48AF9889" italics="true">Guett. stamp. 2. p.18.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C0283CD37AB41F966DBE6874FB5FA3C" pageNumber="525">
ChamaeCistus, ericae folio, luteus elatior.
<emphasis id="F4F5E646ADE2DC6309294B5E015D2676" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 466.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7170E91994DF33A6CA2066D56861BE1" pageNumber="525">
Helianthemum tenuifolium glabrum erectum, luteo flore.
<emphasis id="9F7DA4031DD966E2AD2A419C8B344B6E" italics="true">Bauh. hist. 2. p.18.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A03109C584D6641AF4AC6BF204EC470" pageNumber="525">
β. Cistus fruticosus procumbens, foliis aciformibus nudis, floribus auriculatis.
<emphasis id="3EF3774FDC569643E0401057DF85D6BA" italics="true">Sauv. monsp.46.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="107D5731FCA056F481C1E8995F4836CE" pageNumber="525">
ChamaeCistus, ericae folio, luteus humilior.
<emphasis id="142A2FAF0814A8F7DFB2D28990FC6767" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 466.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1AEA2325378D212A7887761337F28AEA" pageNumber="525">
Helianthemum tenuifolium glabrum, luteo flore, per humum sparsum.
<emphasis id="985F266A5F8D6BB0D327AD63C3B8C683" italics="true">Bauh. hist. 2. p.18.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40C7E46602D6E10D410185209EE99694" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="D07A34A85787E23B0D0D60F93022F66F" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Gallia
<emphasis id="81C038DBB7D17847989DDBF8A0F20D47" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Gotlandia
<emphasis id="138DDD5112CBA6963BD108A1A4B49691" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Helvetia
<emphasis id="42AB9DD3C99277C21381881F7F10AC47" italics="true">. ♄</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33620786DC1280A46E612DDE79802E55" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="A6404F5A27EF9F31BA395DF13504051D" italics="true">Corolla calyce vix major est.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<treatment id="8E5E87FEFFBBA15DFF23FA7CFB39FE21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5666992" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5666992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E5E87FEFFBBA15DFF23FA7CFB39FE21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E5E87FEFFBBA15DFF23FA7CFB39FE21" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFBBA15AFF23FA7CFE9DF983" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBBA15AFF23FA7CFDBDF9AE" blockId="1.[151,548,1531,1592]" box="[151,548,1531,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="5D008184FFBBA15AFF23FA7CFDBDF9AE" bold="true" box="[151,548,1531,1558]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBBA15AFF23FA7CFDBDF9AE" bold="true" box="[151,548,1531,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBBA15AFF23FA7CFE59F9AD" ID-CoL="755Y7" box="[151,448,1532,1558]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBBA15AFF23FA7CFE59F9AD" bold="true" box="[151,448,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FB05781FFBBA15AFE73FA7BFDBDF9AE" box="[455,548,1531,1557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBBA15AFF23F99EFE9DF983" blockId="1.[151,548,1531,1592]" box="[151,260,1566,1592]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBBA15AFF23F99EFE9DF983" box="[151,260,1566,1592]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,260,1639,1663]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,255,894,918]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1621]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,313,869]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,313,869]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A: Dorsal view of the holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL) in preservative. B: Dorsal view of the paratype (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL) in preservative. C: Ventral view of the holotype in preservative. D: Ventral view of the paratype in preservative. Scale bar is 10 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov., preserved holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL, ventral view). A: Left hand. B: Left foot. Scale bars are 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/274791/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/274792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFBBA15AFF23F9EBFB6FF941" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBBA15AFF23F9EBFBB3F968" blockId="1.[151,1437,1643,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBBA15AFF23F9EBFE83F93E" bold="true" box="[151,282,1643,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBBA15AFF23F9EBFE8DF93E" box="[151,276,1643,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="60E6AE2DFFBBA15AFE96F9ECFEE4F93D" box="[290,381,1644,1670]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">IRSNB</collectionCode>
1979 (field number PK 2052), an adult male collected by Philippe J. R. Kok, Paul Benjamin and Claudius Perry,
<date id="72491028FFBBA15AFDBDF912FD6BF917" box="[521,754,1682,1708]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" value="2007-11-29">29 November 2007</date>
at 16h45, summit plateau of Mount Maringma, Cuyuni- Mazaruni District,
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBBA15AFEC1F939FE49F968" box="[373,464,1721,1747]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Guyana</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="63C3502FFFBBA15AFE54F939FD1BF968" box="[480,642,1721,1747]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" precision="15" value="5.2163887">05° 12’ 59”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="63C3502FFFBBA15AFD3AF939FCD8F968" box="[654,833,1721,1747]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" precision="15" value="-60.58472">060° 35’ 05”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFBBA15AFCF9F939FC3FF968" box="[845,934,1721,1747]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.088" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="2088.0">2088 m</quantity>
elevation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBBA15AFF71F95FFB6FF941" blockId="1.[151,1437,1643,1979]" box="[197,1270,1759,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBBA15AFF71F95FFEA7F942" bold="true" box="[197,318,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBBA15AFF71F95FFEA0F942" box="[197,313,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="60E6AE2DFFBBA15AFEF1F960FE02F941" box="[325,411,1760,1786]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">IRSNB</collectionCode>
1980 (field number PK 2053), an adult male with same data as
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBBA15AFB3CF960FB6BF941" box="[1160,1266,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFBBA15AFF71F886FBD2F800" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBBA15AFF71F886FBD2F800" blockId="1.[151,1437,1643,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBBA15AFF71F886FECBF89B" bold="true" box="[197,338,1798,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
It is my pleasure to name this species in honour of my friend Giuliano “Kinky” Seegobin to acknowledge him for his friendship, hospitality, and always enthusiastic help during field work in Kaieteur National Park,
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBBA15AFEF3F8D4FE3FF8D5" box="[327,422,1876,1902]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Guyana</collectingCountry>
. Kinky (as nicknamed by his friends and diamond miner colleagues) developed a keen interest in amphibians and reptiles and is continuously ready for a collecting trip, even in the middle of the night. He unfortunately cancelled the Maringma expedition due to a health issue.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFB8A159FF71FF17FC54F84E" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB8A159FF71FF17FDC8FE9D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,294]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB8A159FF71FF17FED0FF0A" bold="true" box="[197,329,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species is assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB8A159FCE4FF18FB98FF0A" box="[848,1025,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB8A159FCE4FF18FB98FF0A" box="[848,1025,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Oreophrynella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the following suite of characters: habitus bufoniform, parotoid glands absent, adult size less than
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFB8A159FBB5FF3EFBCFFF63" box="[1025,1110,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
, Toes I–II opposed to III–V, thick skin between digits, skin tuberculate, tympanum absent. No other anuran in northern South
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB8A159FA81FF65FA05FF44" box="[1333,1436,229,255]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">America</collectingCountry>
shares this combination of characters.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52886660FFB8A159FF23F9F0FD31F97C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB8A159FF23F9F0FD31F97C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1648,1735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB8A159FF23F9F0FE8BF933" bold="true" box="[151,274,1648,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB8A159FE94F9F1FDB0F933" box="[288,553,1649,1672]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB8A159FE94F9F1FDB0F933" box="[288,553,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB8A159FD84F9F0FD1FF933" bold="true" box="[560,646,1648,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FB05781FFB8A159FD84F9F0FD1FF933" box="[560,646,1648,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A–C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB8A159FF71F973FC54F84E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1779,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
In addition to the aforementioned diagnostic characters, the following features characterize the new species: (1) small size (up to
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFB8A159FE5AF89AFDCEF88F" box="[494,599,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
SVL in male, female unknown); (2) frontoparietal crests indistinct; (3) postorbital crests prominent; (4) prominent short suborbital crests; (5) dorsal skin minutely spiculate with scattered medium to large, elevated, oval and round tubercles; (6) ventral skin anteriorly rugose with few large, flat, round granules, posteriorly tuberculate; (7) webbing on hand and foot well-developed; (8) adult dorsal colour in life blackish brown; (9) adult ventral colour in life dark brownish orange; (10) one vocal slit present on the left or on the right side of the floor of the buccal cavity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="52886660FFB9A158FF23F9E7FBE3F97F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1621]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB9A158FF23F9E7FBE3F97F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1639,1732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FF23F9E7FE83F9C4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1639,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FE9EF9E8FDDEF9C4" box="[298,583,1640,1663]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FE9EF9E8FDDEF9C4" box="[298,583,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FDFBF9E7FD35F9C4" bold="true" box="[591,684,1639,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FB05781FFB9A158FDFBF9E7FD35F9C4" box="[591,684,1639,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: Dorsal view of the holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL) in preservative. B: Dorsal view of the paratype (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL) in preservative. C: Ventral view of the holotype in preservative. D: Ventral view of the paratype in preservative. Scale bar is 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFB9A15FFF71F972FCDCFD39" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB9A158FF71F972FEFFF8E1" blockId="3.[151,1438,1778,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FF71F972FD9EF8B0" ID-CoL="755Y7" box="[197,519,1778,1803]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FF71F972FD9EF8B0" box="[197,519,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is immediately distinguished from all its known congeners, except
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FACAF972FCC4F888" ID-CoL="6STY6" authority="Senaris, DoNascimiento and Villarreal, 2005" authorityName="Senaris, DoNascimiento and Villarreal" authorityYear="2005" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiassipuensis">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FACAF972FEDCF889" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FACAF972FA01F8B0" box="[1406,1432,1778,1803]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. weiassipuensis
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFB9A158FEF9F899FCC4F888" author="Senaris" box="[333,861,1817,1843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" refString="Senaris, J. C., DoNascimiento, C. &amp; Villarreal, O. (2005) A new species of the genus Oreophrynella (Anura; Bufonidae) from the Guiana Highlands. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 45, 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2005">Señaris, DoNascimiento and Villarreal, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by indistinct frontoparietal crests and prominent postorbital crests.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB9A15FFF71F8E6FCDCFD39" blockId="3.[151,1438,1778,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
In addition to the cephalic crests condition,
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FD73F8E7FC73F83B" ID-CoL="755Y7" box="[711,1002,1895,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FD73F8E7FC73F83B" box="[711,1002,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FB69F8E7FD9FF81C" ID-CoL="6T5XV" authority="Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007" authorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FB69F8E7FA05F83B" box="[1245,1436,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FB69F8E7FB6CF83B" box="[1245,1269,1895,1920]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. dendronastes
</emphasis>
Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FD89F80DFD76F81D" ID-CoL="74TXV" box="[573,751,1933,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FD89F80DFD76F81D" box="[573,751,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FD89F80DFDCCF81D" box="[573,597,1933,1958]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. macconnelli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by well-developed webbing (basal in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FB18F80DFAF2F81D" ID-CoL="6T5XV" box="[1196,1387,1933,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FB18F80DFAF2F81D" box="[1196,1387,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FB18F80DFB5DF81D" box="[1196,1220,1933,1958]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. dendronastes
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FF23F834FEC7F876" ID-CoL="74TXV" box="[151,350,1972,1997]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FF23F834FEC7F876" box="[151,350,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FF23F834FF2BF876" box="[151,178,1972,1997]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. macconnelli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), blackish brown dorsal colour in life (light brownish orange to olive brown in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FACAF834FEABF848" ID-CoL="6T5XV" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FACAF834FEABF848" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FACAF834FA01F876" box="[1406,1432,1972,1997]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. dendronastes
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FED8F85AFD86F848" ID-CoL="74TXV" box="[364,543,2010,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FED8F85AFD86F848" box="[364,543,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FED8F85AFE1DF848" box="[364,388,2010,2035]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. macconnelli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and dark ventral colour in preservative (creamy yellow in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB9A158FB68F85AFA05F848" ID-CoL="6T5XV" box="[1244,1436,2010,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB9A158FB68F85AFA05F848" box="[1244,1436,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB9A158FB68F85AFB6DF848" box="[1244,1268,2010,2035]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
. dendronastes
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFF7FFF18FE1DFF0A" ID-CoL="74TXV" box="[203,388,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFF7FFF18FE1DFF0A" box="[203,388,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFF7FFF18FF7DFF0A" box="[203,228,152,177]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. macconnelli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); from
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFE57FF18FBDBFF09" ID-CoL="74TY7" authority="Senaris, Ayarzaguena and Gorzula, 1994" authorityName="Senaris, Ayarzaguena and Gorzula" authorityYear="1994" box="[483,1090,152,178]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFE57FF18FDD3FF0A" box="[483,586,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFE57FF18FE65FF0A" box="[483,508,152,177]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. nigra
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBEA15FFDE7FF18FBDBFF09" author="Senaris" box="[595,1090,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Senaris, J. C., Ayarzaguena, J. &amp; Gorzula, S. (1994) Los sapos de la familia Bufonidae (Amphibia: Anura) de las tierras altas de la Guayana Venezolana: Descripcion de un nuevo genero y tres especies. Publicaciones de la Asociacion Amigos de Donana, 3, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1994">Señaris, Ayarzagüena and Gorzula, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by well-developed webbing (moderate in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFE87FF3FFE0EFF63" ID-CoL="74TY7" box="[307,407,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFE87FF3FFE0EFF63" box="[307,407,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFE87FF3FFED2FF63" box="[307,331,191,216]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. nigra
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), low density of large tubercles (high density of small closely-set tubercles in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFA9BFF3FFA0BFF63" ID-CoL="74TY7" box="[1327,1426,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFA9BFF3FFA0BFF63" box="[1327,1426,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFA9BFF3FFADEFF63" box="[1327,1351,191,216]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. nigra
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and dark brownish orange belly in life (blackish brown in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFCD7FF65FC52FF45" ID-CoL="74TY7" box="[867,971,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFCD7FF65FC52FF45" box="[867,971,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFCD7FF65FCE5FF45" box="[867,892,229,254]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. nigra
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); from
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFB9EFF65FB2BFF45" ID-CoL="755XV" box="[1066,1202,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelchii">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFB9EFF65FB2BFF45" box="[1066,1202,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFB9EFF65FBDAFF45" box="[1066,1091,229,254]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. quelchii
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by well-developed webbing (moderate in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFE12FE8CFDB5FE9E" ID-CoL="755XV" box="[422,556,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelchii">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFE12FE8CFDB5FE9E" box="[422,556,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFE12FE8CFE26FE9E" box="[422,447,268,293]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. quelchii
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), low density of large tubercles (high density of tubercles in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFAB8FE8CFA0BFE9E" ID-CoL="755XV" box="[1292,1426,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelchii">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFAB8FE8CFA0BFE9E" box="[1292,1426,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFAB8FE8CFABCFE9E" box="[1292,1317,268,293]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. quelchii
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and dark brownish orange belly in life (bright orange with black mottling in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFB9BFEB2FB2DFEF0" ID-CoL="755XV" box="[1071,1204,306,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelchii">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFB9BFEB2FB2DFEF0" box="[1071,1204,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFB9BFEB2FBD1FEF0" box="[1071,1096,306,331]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. quelchii
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); from
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFAA4FEB2FDE0FEC8" ID-CoL="7569V" authority="Senaris, Ayarzaguena and Gorzula, 1994" authorityName="Senaris, Ayarzaguena and Gorzula" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFAA4FEB2FA05FEF0" box="[1296,1436,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFAA4FEB2FAB0FEF0" box="[1296,1321,306,331]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. vasquezi
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBEA15FFF23FED9FDE0FEC8" author="Senaris" box="[151,633,345,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Senaris, J. C., Ayarzaguena, J. &amp; Gorzula, S. (1994) Los sapos de la familia Bufonidae (Amphibia: Anura) de las tierras altas de la Guayana Venezolana: Descripcion de un nuevo genero y tres especies. Publicaciones de la Asociacion Amigos de Donana, 3, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1994">Señaris, Ayarzagüena and Gorzula, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by well-developed webbing (moderate in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFBDBFED9FB60FEC9" ID-CoL="7569V" box="[1135,1273,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFBDBFED9FB60FEC9" box="[1135,1273,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFBDBFED9FB11FEC9" box="[1135,1160,345,370]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. vasquezi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), low density of large tubercles (high density of closely-set tubercles in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFC35FE00FB8FFE22" ID-CoL="7569V" box="[897,1046,384,409]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFC35FE00FB8FFE22" box="[897,1046,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFC35FE00FC02FE22" box="[897,923,384,409]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. vasquezi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and dark flanks in life and in preservative (distinctly lighter than dorsum in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFD07FE27FCA2FE7B" ID-CoL="7569V" box="[691,827,423,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFD07FE27FCA2FE7B" box="[691,827,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFD07FE27FD52FE7B" box="[691,715,423,448]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. vasquezi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); from
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFC20FE27FB24FE7B" ID-CoL="6STY7" authority="Senaris, 1995" authorityName="Senaris" authorityYear="1995" box="[916,1213,422,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFC20FE27FB8EFE7B" box="[916,1047,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFC20FE27FC35FE7B" box="[916,940,423,448]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. cryptica
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBEA15FFBA9FE26FB24FE7B" author="Senaris" box="[1053,1213,422,448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Senaris, J. C. (1995) [&quot; 1993 &quot;] Una nueva especie de Oreophrynella (Anura; Bufonidae) de la cima del Auyan-tepui, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 140, 177 - 182." type="journal article" year="1995">Señaris, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by well-developed webbing (basal to moderate in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFDB8FE4DFD0AFE5D" ID-CoL="6STY7" box="[524,659,461,486]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFDB8FE4DFD0AFE5D" box="[524,659,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFDB8FE4DFDBCFE5D" box="[524,549,461,486]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. cryptica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), blackish brown dorsal colour in life (dark reddish brown in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFACBFE4DFF61FDB6" ID-CoL="6STY7" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFACBFE4DFF61FDB6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFACBFE4DFA01FE5D" box="[1407,1432,461,486]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. cryptica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and dark ventral colour in preservative (creamy white, often with a dark patch in the centre of the belly in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFF49FD9AFE1EFD88" ID-CoL="6STY7" box="[253,391,538,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptica">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFF49FD9AFE1EFD88" box="[253,391,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFF49FD9AFE8FFD88" box="[253,278,538,563]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. cryptica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and from
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFDAFFD9AFBD9FD8F" ID-CoL="6T69V" authority="Diego-Aransay and Gorzula, 1990" authorityName="Diego-Aransay and Gorzula" authorityYear="1990" box="[539,1088,538,564]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFDAFFD9AFD08FD88" box="[539,657,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFDAFFD9AFDADFD88" box="[539,564,538,563]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. huberi
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBEA15FFD2DFD9AFBD9FD8F" author="Diego-Aransay" box="[665,1088,538,564]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" refString="Diego-Aransay, A. &amp; Gorzula, S. (1990) [&quot; 1987 &quot;] Una nueva especie de Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) de la Guayana Venezolana. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 127 / 128, 233 - 238." type="journal article" year="1990">Diego-Aransay and Gorzula, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by well-developed webbing (basal to moderate in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFE2DFDC1FD92FDE1" ID-CoL="6T69V" box="[409,523,577,602]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFE2DFDC1FD92FDE1" box="[409,523,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFE2DFDC1FE2BFDE1" box="[409,434,577,602]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. huberi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), blackish brown dorsal colour in life (rufous-orange in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFB1EFDC1FA85FDE1" ID-CoL="6T69V" box="[1194,1308,577,602]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFB1EFDC1FA85FDE1" box="[1194,1308,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFB1EFDC1FB5AFDE1" box="[1194,1219,577,602]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. huberi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and dark ventral colour in preservative (creamy white in
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFD70FDE8FCADFD3A" ID-CoL="6T69V" box="[708,820,616,641]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFD70FDE8FCADFD3A" box="[708,820,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFD70FDE8FD45FD3A" box="[708,732,616,641]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. huberi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFBEA15EFF71FD0EFD61F897" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBEA15FFF71FD0EFB01FC65" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
The new species is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFD25FD0FFC6AFD13" box="[657,1011,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiassipuensis">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFD25FD0FFC6AFD13" box="[657,1011,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Oreophrynella weiassipuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by [characters of
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBEA15FFB7DFD0FFA05FD13" box="[1225,1436,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiassipuensis">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFB7DFD0FFA05FD13" box="[1225,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFB7DFD0FFB78FD13" box="[1225,1249,655,680]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. weiassipuensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to Señaris
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFE3FFD35FE5CFD75" box="[395,453,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2005) are in parentheses] having more prominent postorbital crests that are straight or slightly anteriorly concave (less developed, posteriorly concave), short prominent suborbital crest (indistinct), prominent canthal ridge extending roughly from tip of snout to halfway between nostril and upper eyelid (low), eye-nostril distance 79–86% of eye diameter (59%), larger and more prominent dorsal tubercles, ventral skin anteriorly rugose with large, flat, round granules, posteriorly tuberculate (granular with few small tubercles), a blackish brown dorsal colour without mid-dorsal line (reddish brown with darker marks and a thin dark brown mid-dorsal line), a dark brownish orange ventral colour with a black mid-ventral line (light reddish brown without black mid-ventral line), and orange palm and sole (light brown).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBEA15FFF71FC6AFF73FA15" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBEA15FFF71FC6AFDB2FBBF" bold="true" box="[197,555,1002,1028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBEA15FFE05FC6AFDBFFBBF" box="[433,550,1002,1028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBEA15FFD7FFC6AFC80FBBF" box="[715,793,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–D, 2A, C), head slightly wider than long, HL 34% SVL, EN 86% EYE. Snout with a small fleshy conical projection on the tip, acuminate in profile, projecting beyond the level of the lower jaw, SL 1.4x EYE; loreal region smooth, vertical, slightly concave; canthus rostralis distinct, angular, with a prominent canthal ridge extending roughly from tip of snout to halfway between nostril and upper eyelid; nostrils protuberant directed laterally; internarial area highly concave;
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBEA15FFADCFB05FA05FB24" box="[1384,1436,1157,1183]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">IND</collectingCountry>
117% EN; IOD 0.8x SL, 31% HW, with a few medium-sized tubercles; frontoparietal crests indistinct. Temporal region vertical, postorbital crest well-developed, prominent, very sharp, anteriorly inclined, almost straight, slightly concave anteriorly; tympanum absent; sharp subocular crest well visible, shorter than eye length, not connecting with postorbital crest; tongue lanceolate, wider posteriorly, 35% longer than wide, attached anteriorly, posterior quarter free. One vocal slit on the left side (absent on the right side), short, lateral. Premaxillary and maxillary teeth absent; choanae small, round; odontophores and vomerine teeth absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBEA15FFF71FA3BFCDCF9D4" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Forelimbs long, slender; axillary membrane absent; hands moderately large, relative finger lengths III&gt;II=IV&gt;I, fingers flattened, tips not expanded; palm, fingers and webbing covered by numerous small, round, supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles larger than surrounding supernumerary tubercles; thenar and palmar tubercles conspicuous, prominent, thenar tubercle at base of first finger, ovoid, subequal to round palmar tubercle; webbing well-developed (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBEA15FFD6EF9D5FC87F9D4" box="[730,798,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,313,869]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,869]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov., preserved holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL, ventral view). A: Left hand. B: Left foot. Scale bars are 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274792/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBEA15FFF71F9FCFDA8F8C5" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Hindlimbs long, slender, TIB 39% SVL, femur slightly longer than tibia (FEM 104% TIB), tibiotarsal articulation extending to jaw articulation when hindlimbs adpressed along body; feet moderately large; FOOT 84% TIB; Toes I–II opposed to III–V, relative toe length IV&gt;I&gt;V&gt;II=III, toes flattened, tips not expanded; sole, toes and webbing covered by numerous small, round, supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles larger than surrounding supernumerary tubercles; inner and outer metatarsal tubercles small, of size similar to subarticular tubercles at the base of Toes II–V, inner metatarsal tubercle slightly larger than outer one; webbing well-developed (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBEA15FFE7CF8E4FD94F8C5" box="[456,525,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,313,869]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,869]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov., preserved holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL, ventral view). A: Left hand. B: Left foot. Scale bars are 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274792/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBEA15FFF71F80BFB30F81E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" box="[197,1193,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Cloacal opening directed ventrally at mid-level of thighs, covered by a fleshy sheath.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBEA15EFF71F831FC97FF44" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1435,152,255]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Dorsal skin minutely spiculate with scattered medium to large oval and round, conspicuously elevated tubercles; top of head with a few medium-sized to large tubercles, upper eyelid covered with smaller tubercles, those close to the external margin aligned in a more or less distinct row; limbs densely covered by medium-sized to large round tubercles (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFDC7FF3EFD2CFF63" box="[627,693,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–C). Ventral skin anteriorly rugose with few scattered large, flat, round granules, posteriorly tuberculate (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFD17FF65FD7DFF44" box="[675,740,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="52886660FFBFA15EFF23FCFEFDDAFC03" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274792/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1435,313,869]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15EFF23FCFEFDDAFC03" blockId="5.[151,1435,894,952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFF23FCFEFE8AFC2D" bold="true" box="[151,275,894,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBFA15EFE95FCFFFDB3FC2D" box="[289,554,895,918]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFE95FCFFFDB3FC2D" box="[289,554,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFD86FCFEFD11FC2D" bold="true" box="[562,648,894,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FB05781FFBFA15EFD86FCFEFD11FC2D" box="[562,648,894,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, preserved holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL, ventral view). A: Left hand. B: Left foot. Scale bars are 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15EFF71FC66FD61FB9C" blockId="5.[151,1437,998,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFF71FC66FD02FBBB" bold="true" box="[197,667,998,1024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Measurements of the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFE61FC66FDDEFBBB" box="[469,583,998,1024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(mm).
</emphasis>
SVL 20.0; HL 6.8; HW 7.8; SL 3.0; EN 1.8; EYE 2.1;
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBFA15EFA86FC66FAFFFBBB" box="[1330,1382,998,1024]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">IND</collectingCountry>
2.1; IOD 2.4; HAND 4.7; FEM 8.1; TIB 7.8; FOOT 6.6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15EFF71FBB3FC6AFA8D" blockId="5.[151,1437,998,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFF71FBB3FEEEFBF6" bold="true" box="[197,375,1075,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Colour in life.</emphasis>
Dorsum, top of head and flanks blackish brown, lower arm, hindlimbs and top of hands and feet slightly lighter than dorsum. A bright yellowish orange spot at arm insertion on the left side, lacking on the right side where the area is dark brownish orange. Upper eyelids and lateral surfaces of snout dark brownish orange (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFED8FB28FE34FB79" box="[364,429,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–C). Throat, chest and anterior part of belly dark brownish orange, posterior part of belly and area below vent blackish brown. A black mid-ventral line running from tip of lower jaw to posterior part of belly, slightly curved sinistrally. Ventral surface of limbs brownish orange. Palms and soles orange (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFF2BFA9CFF78FA8D" box="[159,225,1308,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). Iris dark greenish brown with inconspicuous dark grey streaks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15EFF71FAC2FEDCFA6A" blockId="5.[151,1437,998,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFF71FAC2FE6AFAE7" bold="true" box="[197,499,1346,1372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Colour in preservative.</emphasis>
Dorsal surfaces very dark brown, dorsal surfaces of hands and foot slightly lighter (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFF40FAE9FEA2FA38" box="[244,315,1385,1411]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,260,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A: Dorsal view of the holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL) in preservative. B: Dorsal view of the paratype (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL) in preservative. C: Ventral view of the holotype in preservative. D: Ventral view of the paratype in preservative. Scale bar is 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274791/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Ventral surfaces dark greyish brown, with a black patch below vent. Black mid-ventral line running from tip of lower jaw to posterior part of belly more conspicuous than in life. Palms and soles light grey (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFF6FFA37FEBBFA6A" box="[219,290,1463,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,260,1639,1663]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A: Dorsal view of the holotype (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL) in preservative. B: Dorsal view of the paratype (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL) in preservative. C: Ventral view of the holotype in preservative. D: Ventral view of the paratype in preservative. Scale bar is 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274791/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15EFF71FA5DFE28F964" blockId="5.[151,1437,998,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFF71FA5DFED9FA4C" bold="true" box="[197,320,1501,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Variation.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFE34FA5DFE7CFA4C" box="[384,485,1501,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is very similar to the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFD5EFA5DFCCDFA4C" box="[746,852,1501,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, except as follows: EN 79% EYE; SL 0.8x EYE;
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBFA15EFF23F984FF52F9A5" box="[151,203,1540,1566]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">IND</collectingCountry>
105% EN; IOD 1.3x SL, 29 % HW; TIB 38% SVL; FEM 108% TIB; FOOT 86% TIB; inner metatarsal tubercle proportionally larger and more conspicuous, outer indistinct; subocular crest longer and more conspicuous; tongue proportionally wider posteriorly; one vocal slit on the right side (vs. on the left side in the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFF23F9F8FE9FF929" box="[151,262,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); dorsal colour slightly darker, absence of yellowish orange spot at arm insertion (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFB44F9F8FAD8F929" box="[1264,1345,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
E, 2B); ventral surface of hindlimbs dark brown (instead of brownish orange); mid-ventral line slightly curved dextrally (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFEBBF945FEC5F964" box="[271,348,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. A – C: Dorsolateral and dorsal views of the holotype in life (IRSNB 1979, 20.0 mm SVL). D: Ventral view of the holotype in life. E: Dorsolateral view of the paratype in life (IRSNB 1980, 20.6 mm SVL). F: Ventral view of the paratype in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274790/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
F, 2D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15EFF71F96BFD61F897" blockId="5.[151,1437,998,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFF71F96BFD02F8BE" bold="true" box="[197,667,1771,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Measurements of the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFE61F96BFDDEF8BE" box="[469,583,1771,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(mm).
</emphasis>
SVL 20.6; HL 7.0; HW 7.9; SL 3.0; EN 1.9; EYE 2.4;
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBFA15EFA86F96CFAFFF8BD" box="[1330,1382,1772,1798]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">IND</collectingCountry>
2.0; IOD 2.3; HAND 4.6; FEM 8.4; TIB 7.8; FOOT 6.7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFBFA15DFF71F8B9FB39FE21" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15EFF71F8B9FD65F8C1" blockId="5.[151,1437,998,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFF71F8B9FD9CF8E8" bold="true" box="[197,517,1849,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBFA15EFDB9F8B9FCAFF8E9" box="[525,822,1849,1874]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFDB9F8B9FCAFF8E9" box="[525,822,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known only from the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFB61F8B9FA91F8E8" box="[1237,1288,1849,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
locality, the summit of Maringma tepui in
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBFA15EFE43F8E0FDCBF8C1" box="[503,594,1888,1914]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Guyana</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFDD6F8E0FD52F8C1" box="[610,715,1888,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="7.[151,257,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,197,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[185,1410,197,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A: Map of the Guiana Shield, dark arrow indicates location of Maringma tepui (in red). B: Area map of Maringma tepui showing the type locality of Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. (brown dot) and the collecting locality of O. macconnelli (orange dot). Coordinates and boundary with Brazil are approximate and based on the available map (note that there is a substantial difference in the country boundary between this map and that shown in Google Earth). Maps elaborated after “ Roraima Sheet 40 SE ” published by the Survey Department of Guyana, 1972, and a radar image of South America by NASA / JPL / NIMA available at http: // photojournal. jpl. nasa. gov / catalog / PIA 03388." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274793/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBFA15DFF71F807FB39FE21" blockId="5.[151,1437,998,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,152,410]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Both specimens were collected on the same day at the same time (16h45),
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBFA15EFB86F807FBCCF81B" box="[1074,1109,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">ca.</emphasis>
1.0 m from each other. The
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFF23F82DFE98F87C" box="[151,257,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was walking slowly on the muddy ground, while the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBFA15EFC21F82DFC67F87C" box="[917,1022,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
was found hidden under a rotting bromeliad leaf. Habitat consists of tepui scrub (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBFA15EFD50F854FCA9F855" box="[740,816,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1053]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1053]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. The summit of Maringma tepui, habitat of Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. (29 November 2007)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274794/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBFA15EFCDAF854FC71F855" author="Kok" box="[878,1000,2004,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Kok, P. J. R. (2008) A new highland species of Arthrosaura Boulenger, 1885 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Maringma tepui on the border of Guyana and Brazil. Zootaxa, 1909, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Kok 2008</bibRefCitation>
for details on the vegetation of the summit of Maringma tepui). Both specimens emitted a soft “peep” when handled, a similar sound that was heard around the camp in early morning and before sunset. It is thus probable that the call of the species is a soft “peep-peep-peep” similar to the call of other high elevation
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFC76FF65FBEEFF45" box="[962,1143,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFC76FF65FBEEFF45" box="[962,1143,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBCA15DFB5FFF65FDE5FE9D" author="McDiarmid" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. &amp; Gorzula, S. (1989) Aspects of the reproductive ecology and behavior of the tepui toads, genus Oreophrynella (Anura, Bufonidae). Copeia, 1989, 445 - 451." type="journal article" year="1989">McDiarmid &amp; Gorzula 1989, D. B. Means, pers. comm.</bibRefCitation>
). The species might be more abundant than expected, but difficult to find due to minute size and cryptic colouration. More colour photographs of the habitat of the species are in
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBCA15DFF23FED9FEBFFEC8" author="Kok" box="[151,294,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" refString="Kok, P. J. R. (2008) A new highland species of Arthrosaura Boulenger, 1885 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Maringma tepui on the border of Guyana and Brazil. Zootaxa, 1909, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Kok (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. The only other amphibian species collected during our stay on the summit of Maringma tepui (
<date id="72491028FFBCA15DFF2BFE00FE29FE21" box="[159,432,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" value="2007-11-25" valueMax="2007-11-30" valueMin="2007-11-25">25–30 November 2007</date>
) are
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFE5FFE00FCAFFE22" box="[491,822,384,410]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roraima">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFE5FFE00FD32FE22" box="[491,683,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Anomaloglossus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFD6CFE00FCAFFE22" box="[728,822,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">roraima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFCF1FE00FCCEFE22" box="[837,855,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
. sp, and
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFC74FE00FB00FE22" box="[960,1177,384,409]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibleszi">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFC74FE00FB00FE22" box="[960,1177,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Hypsiboas sibleszi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="163C2D3C8BFDF9D39123AEDBD84F5D36" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274789" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca34808-039c-4769-93eb-1eed48c87ea3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274789" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461062849629" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kok, Philippe J. R." docDate="2009" docId="8E5E87FEFFBCA151FF23FE74FD20FE9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02071p049.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2071" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oreophrynella macconnelli Boulenger 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="7267FF86FFBAA15BFFB4FF80FF99FFBB" masterDocTitle="A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconnelli Boulenger, 1900" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698582894448" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C194483A11CBB8DEA7798C37F5D1B952">A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconnelli Boulenger, 1900</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="47F9848E572EEF3B2C3C472F298F8880" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E89A9234D5BC94157983AAF58916B881">Kok, Philippe J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B171B9F102025F227B70067D61CFBEB5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F6CD49D243B621BAD11D992C752D9247">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6C0349D5F00D587207B731D00C24877F">
<mods:date id="AF900BC70BE54B3C2FE42D32A02D6EF0">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B0FE8DCE06BD68F972DBC33C621D6789" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D8B52537094D28F35264E45E22B00597">2071</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4AC3B2C8E57F948CB84EF9EA6F4E46A9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274789</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="42FC3ECF089AA6FDC75640E292179206" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFF23FE74FD28FDB6" ID-CoL="74TXV" authority="Boulenger, 1900" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,689,499,526]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFF23FE74FD28FDB6" bold="true" box="[151,689,499,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFF23FE74FE7BFDB5" bold="true" box="[151,482,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBCA15DFE5DFE73FD28FDB6" author="Boulenger" box="[489,689,499,525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Batrachians. Report on a collection made by Messrs. F. V. McConnell and J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, Series 2, 8, 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFF23FDBDFE27FDEF" ID-CoL="69MR" authority="Macconnelli" authorityName="Macconnelli" box="[151,446,573,596]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFF23FDBDFE27FDEF" box="[151,446,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella Macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic]
<treatmentCitation id="875610F9FFBCA15DFE4FFDBDFD4CFDEF" author="Boulenger" box="[507,725,573,596]" page="55" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBCA15DFE4FFDBDFD36FDEF" author="Boulenger" box="[507,687,573,596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Batrachians. Report on a collection made by Messrs. F. V. McConnell and J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, Series 2, 8, 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger, 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 55
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<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFF23FDDDFD79FDCF" ID-CoL="74TXV" authority="Rivero, 1961: 175" authorityName="Rivero" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,736,605,628]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="quelchii" subSpecies="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFF23FDDDFD81FDCF" box="[151,536,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella quelchii macconnelli</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="875610F9FFBCA15DFDABFDDDFD79FDCF" author="Rivero" box="[543,736,605,628]" page="175" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBCA15DFDABFDDDFD37FDCF" author="Rivero" box="[543,686,605,628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1961) Salientia of Venezuela. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University Bulletin, 126, 1 - 207." type="journal article" year="1961">Rivero, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 175
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<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFF23FDFDFD33FD2F" ID-CoL="74TXV" authority="McDiarmid, 1971: 41" authorityName="McDiarmid" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,682,637,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFF23FDFDFE22FD2F" box="[151,443,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="875610F9FFBCA15DFE76FDFDFD33FD2F" author="McDiarmid" box="[450,682,637,660]" page="41" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBCA15DFE76FDFDFD1CFD2F" author="McDiarmid" box="[450,645,637,660]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. (1971) Comparative morphology and evolution of frogs of the Neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus, and Oreophrynella. Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 12, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1971">McDiarmid, 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 41
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFF23FD44FE7BFD66" ID-CoL="74TXV" box="[151,482,708,733]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFF23FD44FE7BFD66" box="[151,482,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
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was described by
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFBCA15DFD77FD44FC00FD65" author="Boulenger" box="[707,921,708,734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Batrachians. Report on a collection made by Messrs. F. V. McConnell and J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, Series 2, 8, 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger (1900)</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of a single specimen (a male, although not stated in the description) collected at
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFD53FD6AFC93FCB8" box="[743,778,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">ca.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFBCA15DFCA6FD6AFCF3FCBF" box="[786,874,746,772]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.067" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1067.0">1067 m</quantity>
elevation on Mount
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFBEAFD6AFB5FFCBF" ID-CoL="676TR" box="[1118,1222,746,772]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roraima">Roraima</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFBCA15DFB66FD6AFAA8FCBF" box="[1234,1329,746,772]" name="Guyana" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Guyana</collectingCountry>
.
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<paragraph id="064836E8FFBCA15DFF71FC91FCC7FC7D" blockId="6.[151,1437,708,966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
Four specimens (three males, one juvenile) of this poorly known species with characteristic basal webbing on hand and foot (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFBCA15DFEC0FCB8FE23FCE9" box="[372,442,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,257,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1154,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1154,1710]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oreophrynella macconnelli, preserved specimen (IRSNB 14335, 22.3 mm SVL, ventral view). A: Left hand. B: Left foot. Scale bars are 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–B) were collected on the southeast slope of Maringma tepui and conform to the
<typeStatus id="D94C884AFFBCA15DFF23FCDEFF67FCC3" box="[151,254,862,888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and to two topotypic specimens examined. Variation of measurements of the Maringma specimens is given in
<tableCitation id="4B750353FFBCA15DFEB5FC05FEC2FC24" box="[257,347,901,927]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,242,1017,1041]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1102,1655]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of Oreophrynella macconnelli specimens from Maringma tepui. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Mean ± SD are followed by the range in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/52886660FFBCA15DFF23FC79FBFBFB88" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="52886660FFBCA15DFF23FC79FBFBFB88">
Table
<date id="72491028FFBCA15DFEFFFC05FEC2FC24" box="[331,347,901,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">1</date>
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. I refrain from redescribing
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFD04FC05FC6EFC25" box="[688,1015,901,926]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFD04FC05FC6EFC25" box="[688,1015,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since a formal redescription of the species is in progress by Means (D. B. Means, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="52886660FFBCA15DFF23FC79FBFBFB88" ID-Table-UUID="52886660FFBCA15DFF23FC79FBFBFB88" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/52886660FFBCA15DFF23FC79FBFBFB88" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[151,1437,1102,1655]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBCA15DFF23FC79FBFBFB88" blockId="6.[151,1437,1017,1075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFF23FC79FE89FBAA" bold="true" box="[151,272,1017,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric measurements (in mm) of
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBCA15DFD5EFC79FB86FBAB" box="[746,1055,1017,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFD5EFC79FB86FBAB" box="[746,1055,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
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specimens from Maringma tepui. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Mean ± SD are followed by the range in parentheses.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBCA15DFF2BFBCEFC4BF9CC" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<table id="74F7C448FFBC5EA4FF23FBCEFA04F9CC" box="[151,1437,1102,1655]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FBCEFA04FBDE" box="[151,1437,1102,1125]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FBCEFE9EFBDE" box="[151,263,1102,1125]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Character</th>
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFBCEFD64FBDE" box="[511,765,1102,1125]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
Males (
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFDE4FBCEFDC4FBDE" box="[592,605,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">n</emphasis>
= 3)
</th>
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FBCEFA04FBDE" box="[945,1437,1102,1125]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
Juvenile (
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBCA15DFBADFBCEFBBFFBDE" box="[1049,1062,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">n</emphasis>
= 1)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FBF9FA04FB2A" box="[151,1437,1145,1169]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FBF9FE9EFB2A" box="[151,263,1145,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">SVL</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFBF9FD64FB2A" box="[511,765,1145,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">22.4 ± 0.27 (22.2–22.7)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FBF9FA04FB2A" box="[945,1437,1145,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">12.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FB25FA04FB06" box="[151,1437,1189,1213]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FB25FE9EFB06" box="[151,263,1189,1213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">HL</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFB25FD64FB06" box="[511,765,1189,1213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">7.7 ± 0.23 (7.4–7.8)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FB25FA04FB06" box="[945,1437,1189,1213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FB51FA04FB50" box="[151,1437,1233,1259]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FB51FE9EFB50" box="[151,263,1233,1259]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">HW</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFB51FD64FB50" box="[511,765,1233,1259]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">8.27 ± 0.35 (7.9–8.6)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FB51FA04FB50" box="[945,1437,1233,1259]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">4.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FB7EFA04FAAD" box="[151,1437,1278,1302]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FB7EFE9EFAAD" box="[151,263,1278,1302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">SL</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFB7EFD64FAAD" box="[511,765,1278,1302]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3.5 ± 0.10 (3.4–3.6)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FB7EFA04FAAD" box="[945,1437,1278,1302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FAAAFA04FAF9" box="[151,1437,1322,1346]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FAAAFE9EFAF9" box="[151,263,1322,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">EN</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFAAAFD64FAF9" box="[511,765,1322,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">2.1 ± 0.10 (2.0–2.2)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FAAAFA04FAF9" box="[945,1437,1322,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FAD6FA04FAD5" box="[151,1437,1366,1390]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FAD6FE9EFAD5" box="[151,263,1366,1390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">EYE</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFAD6FD64FAD5" box="[511,765,1366,1390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">2.6 ± 0.06 (2.5–2.6)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FAD6FA04FAD5" box="[945,1437,1366,1390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FA02FA04FA21" box="[151,1437,1410,1434]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FA02FE9EFA21" box="[151,263,1410,1434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">IND</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFA02FD64FA21" box="[511,765,1410,1434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">2.33 ± 0.15 (2.2–2.5)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FA02FA04FA21" box="[945,1437,1410,1434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FA2EFA04FA73" box="[151,1437,1454,1480]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FA2EFE9EFA73" box="[151,263,1454,1480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">IOD</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFA2EFD64FA73" box="[511,765,1454,1480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3.13 ± 0.12 (3.0–3.2)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FA2EFA04FA73" box="[945,1437,1454,1480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23FA5CFA04FA4F" box="[151,1437,1500,1524]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23FA5CFE9EFA4F" box="[151,263,1500,1524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">HAND</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BFA5CFD64FA4F" box="[511,765,1500,1524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">5.5 ± 0.10 (5.4–5.6)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05FA5CFA04FA4F" box="[945,1437,1500,1524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23F988FA04F9A4" box="[151,1437,1544,1567]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23F988FE9EF9A4" box="[151,263,1544,1567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">FEM</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BF988FD64F9A4" box="[511,765,1544,1567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">9.03 ± 0.23 (8.9–9.3)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05F988FA04F9A4" box="[945,1437,1544,1567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">5.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23F9B4FA04F9F7" box="[151,1437,1588,1612]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23F9B4FE9EF9F7" box="[151,263,1588,1612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">TIB</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BF9B4FD64F9F7" box="[511,765,1588,1612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">8.53 ± 0.23 (8.4–8.8)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05F9B4FA04F9F7" box="[945,1437,1588,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">5.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C734AAFFBC5EA4FF23F9E0FA04F9CC" box="[151,1437,1632,1655]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FF23F9E0FE9EF9CC" box="[151,263,1632,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">FOOT</th>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FE4BF9E0FD64F9CC" box="[511,765,1632,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">6.83 ± 0.41 (6.4–7.2)</td>
<td id="FB165DD6FFBC5EA4FC05F9E0FA04F9CC" box="[945,1437,1632,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBCA15DFF71F942FA98F87F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1730,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
The following features characterize the Maringma specimens: (1) small size (up to
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFBCA15DFB24F942FB61F967" box="[1168,1272,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="22.7">22.7 mm</quantity>
SVL in male, female unknown); (2) frontoparietal crests indistinct; (3) postorbital crests barely distinct; (4) suborbital crest indistinct; (5) dorsal skin minutely spiculate with scattered small to medium, low, round tubercles; (6) ventral skin coarsely granular; (7) webbing on hand and foot basal; (8) adult dorsal colour in life variable, from light brownish orange to olive brown, with a series of yellow spots forming a dorsolateral line, and series of yellow spots on upper arm and thigh forming short longitudinal lines; (9) adult ventral colour in life creamy yellow with brown marbling; (10) one vocal slit present on the left side of the floor of the buccal cavity.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52886660FFBDA15CFF23F8A1FB6AF85E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274793/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[185,1408,197,1795]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFBDA15CFF23F8A1FB6AF85E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1825,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBDA15CFF23F8A1FE8FF882" bold="true" box="[151,278,1825,1849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. A: Map of the Guiana Shield, dark arrow indicates location of Maringma tepui (in red). B: Area map of Maringma tepui showing the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBDA15CFDCDF8C4FC1BF8E0" box="[633,898,1860,1883]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBDA15CFDCDF8C4FC1BF8E0" box="[633,898,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBDA15CFC3DF8C3FC46F8E0" bold="true" box="[905,991,1859,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FB05781FFBDA15CFC3DF8C3FC46F8E0" box="[905,991,1859,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(brown dot) and the collecting locality of
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBDA15CFF23F8E7FEA6F8C5" box="[151,319,1895,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFBDA15CFF23F8E7FEA6F8C5" box="[151,319,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">O. macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(orange dot). Coordinates and boundary with Brazil are approximate and based on the available map (note that there is a substantial difference in the country boundary between this map and that shown in Google Earth). Maps elaborated after “
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFBDA15CFE25F82CFE76F878" box="[401,495,1964,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roraima">Roraima</taxonomicName>
Sheet 40 SE” published by the Survey Department of Guyana, 1972, and a radar image of South America by NASA/JPL/ NIMA available at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03388.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="52886660FFB2A153FF23FBB5FAA3FBF7" box="[151,1338,1077,1101]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274794/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1053]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB2A153FF23FBB5FAA3FBF7" blockId="8.[151,1338,1077,1101]" box="[151,1338,1077,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB2A153FF23FBB5FE8BFBF6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1077,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. The summit of Maringma tepui, habitat of
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB2A153FD5CFBB5FC68FBF7" box="[744,1009,1077,1100]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seegobini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB2A153FD5CFBB5FC68FBF7" box="[744,1009,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Oreophrynella seegobini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB2A153FC43FBB5FBD5FBF6" bold="true" box="[1015,1100,1077,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FB05781FFB2A153FC43FBB5FBD5FBF6" box="[1015,1100,1077,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(29 November 2007).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="52886660FFB2A153FF23F946FDDAF8BB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274795/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1435,1154,1710]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB2A153FF23F946FDDAF8BB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1734,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB2A153FF23F946FE8EF965" bold="true" box="[151,279,1734,1758]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB2A153FE91F947FDCCF965" box="[293,597,1735,1758]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB2A153FE91F947FDCCF965" box="[293,597,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, preserved specimen (IRSNB 14335, 22.3 mm SVL, ventral view). A: Left hand. B: Left foot. Scale bars are 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB2A152FF71F8AEFB4AFE21" blockId="8.[151,1437,1838,2020]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,410]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB2A153FF71F8AEFEEDF8F3" bold="true" box="[197,372,1838,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Colour in life.</emphasis>
Adult dorsal colour is variable (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB2A153FD42F8AFFCA5F8F2" box="[758,828,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,477,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,477,1345]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oreophrynella macconnelli. A: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14333 (adult male, 22.7 mm SVL) in life. B: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life. C: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14336 (juvenile, 12.3 mm SVL) in life. D: Ventral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274796/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–B), ranging from light brownish orange (IRSNB 14333, adult male) to olive brown with darker spotting (IRSNB 14334–5). Olive brown specimens have distinct white spots on the lower flank, while in the orange specimen these spots are yellowish and less conspicuous. All adult specimens with a series of yellow (IRSNB 14333) to brownish orange (IRSNB 14334–5) spots forming a dorsolateral line, and series of similar spots on axilla, upper arm, groin and thigh forming short longitudinal stripes on limbs. All adult specimens have a white to yellow spot below the eye, although this spot is inconspicuous in IRSNB 14333. Adult ventral colour is creamy yellow with brown marbling; palm and sole are orange (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB3A152FDF2FF65FD12FF44" box="[582,651,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,477,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,477,1345]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oreophrynella macconnelli. A: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14333 (adult male, 22.7 mm SVL) in life. B: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life. C: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14336 (juvenile, 12.3 mm SVL) in life. D: Ventral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274796/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D). IRSNB 14336, a juvenile, is much darker than adults in having a kaki dorsum with a few yellow spots, and dark brown flanks with a few whitish spots. A few white spots form a less conspicuous dorsolateral line than in adults, and a large longitudinal whitish spot is present on the upper arm and thigh. An anteriorly inclined whitish stripe extends from before the eye to upper lip; white spot below eye smaller than in adults (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB3A152FD95FE00FDF1FE21" box="[545,616,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,477,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,477,1345]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oreophrynella macconnelli. A: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14333 (adult male, 22.7 mm SVL) in life. B: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life. C: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14336 (juvenile, 12.3 mm SVL) in life. D: Ventral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274796/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). Ventral colour similar to adults, but much darker.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52886660FFB3A152FF23FADFFBF0FA07" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274796/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[151,1435,477,1343]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB3A152FF23FADFFBF0FA07" blockId="9.[151,1436,1375,1468]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FF23FADFFE8AFACC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1375,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB3A152FE96FAE0FDD3FACC" box="[290,586,1376,1399]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FE96FAE0FDD3FACC" box="[290,586,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14333 (adult male, 22.7 mm SVL) in life. B: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life. C: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14336 (juvenile, 12.3 mm SVL) in life. D: Ventral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB3A152FF71FA6AFB38F9E9" blockId="9.[151,1437,1514,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FF71FA6AFE6BF9BF" bold="true" box="[197,498,1514,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Colour in preservative.</emphasis>
Dorsal colour ranges from light brown (IRSNB 14333) to dark grey, almost black (IRSNB 14334–6). All spots and stripes are creamy white (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB3A152FC20F991FC40F990" box="[916,985,1553,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,197,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1359,197,1878]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oreophrynella macconnelli, preserved specimens. A: Upper row, from left to right, dorsal view of IRSNB 14333 (adult male, 22.7 mm SVL) and IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL); lower row, from left to right, dorsal view of IRSNB 14335 (adult male, 22.3 mm SVL) and IRSNB 14336 (juvenile, 12.3 mm SVL). B: Ventral views of the same specimens as above, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). Ventral colour is creamy yellow in adults, dark grey with white spots in the juvenile. Palm and sole are light grey (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB3A152FB83F9B8FBE4F9E9" box="[1079,1149,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,197,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1359,197,1878]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oreophrynella macconnelli, preserved specimens. A: Upper row, from left to right, dorsal view of IRSNB 14333 (adult male, 22.7 mm SVL) and IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL); lower row, from left to right, dorsal view of IRSNB 14335 (adult male, 22.3 mm SVL) and IRSNB 14336 (juvenile, 12.3 mm SVL). B: Ventral views of the same specimens as above, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EED6563FFB3A151FF71F9DEFD20FE9D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB3A152FF71F9DEFBBCF957" blockId="9.[151,1437,1514,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FF71F9DEFD9AF9C3" bold="true" box="[197,515,1630,1656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="62664B19FFB3A152FD1BF9DEFBB2F9C3" author="Senaris" box="[687,1067,1630,1656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Senaris, J. C. &amp; MacCulloch, R. D. (2005) Amphibians. In: Hollowell, T. &amp; Reynolds R. P. (Eds.). Checklist of the terrestrial vertebrates of the Guiana Shield. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 13, pp. 8 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Señaris and MacCulloch (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and MacCulloch
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FAB5F9DFFAAFF9C3" box="[1281,1334,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
. (2007),
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB3A152FF23F905FE7BF925" box="[151,482,1669,1694]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FF23F905FE7BF925" box="[151,482,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported only from the slopes of Mount
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB3A152FC44F905FBCEF924" box="[1008,1111,1669,1695]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roraima">Roraima</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB3A152FB34F905FB44F924" box="[1152,1245,1669,1695]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Guyana</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB3A152FAADF905FA01F924" box="[1305,1432,1669,1695]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, between
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFB3A152FF4BF92BFE38F97E" box="[255,417,1707,1733]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4335" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.067" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1433.5" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1067.0">1067–1800 m</quantity>
elevation. MacCulloch
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FD0EF92CFD74F97E" box="[698,749,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
. (2007) considered
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB3A152FC63F92CFB10F97E" box="[983,1161,1708,1733]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FC63F92CFB10F97E" box="[983,1161,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB3A152FC63F92CFC76F97E" box="[983,1007,1708,1733]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
. macconnelli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a highland species (
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FACCF92CFA05F97E" box="[1400,1436,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">i.e.</emphasis>
typically occurring over
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFB3A152FE03F952FD89F957" box="[439,528,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
elevation) with highly restricted distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB3A152FF71F979FD3EF83C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1514,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
Specimens from Maringma tepui were collected at
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFB3A152FC9EF979FC1DF8A8" box="[810,900,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.376" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1376.0">1376 m</quantity>
elevation and expand the known geographic range of the species to the west (roughly
<quantity id="C10F9B0DFFB3A152FD22F8A0FD7DF881" box="[662,740,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
airline,
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB3A152FCF8F8A0FC35F881" box="[844,940,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="7.[151,257,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,197,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[185,1410,197,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A: Map of the Guiana Shield, dark arrow indicates location of Maringma tepui (in red). B: Area map of Maringma tepui showing the type locality of Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. (brown dot) and the collecting locality of O. macconnelli (orange dot). Coordinates and boundary with Brazil are approximate and based on the available map (note that there is a substantial difference in the country boundary between this map and that shown in Google Earth). Maps elaborated after “ Roraima Sheet 40 SE ” published by the Survey Department of Guyana, 1972, and a radar image of South America by NASA / JPL / NIMA available at http: // photojournal. jpl. nasa. gov / catalog / PIA 03388." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
–B) suggesting a wider distribution than expected. Instead of being a highland species,
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB3A152FD5FF8C7FC34F8DB" box="[747,941,1863,1888]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB3A152FD5FF8C7FC34F8DB" box="[747,941,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="7EE07678FFB3A152FD5FF8C7FC9CF8DB" box="[747,773,1863,1888]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">O</collectingCountry>
. macconnelli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears rather to be an upland species occasionally invading higher elevation areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB3A151FF71F813FC77FF63" blockId="9.[151,1437,1514,2004]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,294]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
Habitat consists of montane medium-canopy forest with abundant epiphytes and mosses, and rich undergrowth (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB3A152FEF7F83AFE14F86F" box="[323,397,1978,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,257,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,184,1148]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Habitat of Oreophrynella macconnelli on the southeast slope of Maringma tepui. A: Montane mediumcanopy forest with abundant epiphytes and mosses, and rich undergrowth. B: Campyloneurum sp., Polypodiaceae, an epiphytic fern species on which most specimens of O. macconnelli specimens were collected (white arrow indicates typical location of a specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274798/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A). All the Maringma specimens were found active by night, walking on the apex of epiphytic ferns (
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB0A151FED6FF18FDB4FF0A" box="[354,557,152,177]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Campyloneurum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3483EAFAFFB0A151FED6FF18FDB4FF0A" box="[354,557,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Campyloneurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="C1F74D6BFFB0A151FDDEFF18FCB9FF09" box="[618,800,152,178]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB0A151FC99FF18FCF7FF09" box="[813,878,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,257,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,184,1148]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Habitat of Oreophrynella macconnelli on the southeast slope of Maringma tepui. A: Montane mediumcanopy forest with abundant epiphytes and mosses, and rich undergrowth. B: Campyloneurum sp., Polypodiaceae, an epiphytic fern species on which most specimens of O. macconnelli specimens were collected (white arrow indicates typical location of a specimen)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274798/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig 9</figureCitation>
B) about 1.0–3.0 m above the ground, except IRSNB 14333 (adult male), which was collected on the ground at 17h00.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064836E8FFB0A151FF71FF65FD20FE9D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
When handled specimens exhibited a defensive posture consisting of arching the back and flexing the head downward towards the handler (
<figureCitation id="9ECC2A6DFFB0A151FDFBFE8CFD0FFE9D" box="[591,662,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,477,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,477,1345]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Oreophrynella macconnelli. A: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14333 (adult male, 22.7 mm SVL) in life. B: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life. C: Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 14336 (juvenile, 12.3 mm SVL) in life. D: Ventral view of IRSNB 14334 (adult male, 22.2 mm SVL) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274796/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName LSID="2687C07C-BA74-558C-A9D5-9361DC8DCAA4" authority="Chen" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1949" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos tricolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">Taeniogonalos tricolor Chen</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–19" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 19. Taeniogonalos tricolor, female. 17 Lateral 18 Head, front 19 Metasoma, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45018" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 17-19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Poecilogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilogonalos tricolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">Poecilogonalos tricolor</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, SH" journalOrPublisher="Sinensia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="7 - 18" refId="B4" refString="Chen, SH, 1949. Records of Chinese Trigonaloidae (Hymenoptera). Sinensia 20: 7 - 18" title="Records of Chinese Trigonaloidae (Hymenoptera)." volume="20" year="1949">Chen 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 16.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Female: Length 7.0 mm. Reddish brown and black, with black maculae and color similar to Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–19" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 19. Taeniogonalos tricolor, female. 17 Lateral 18 Head, front 19 Metasoma, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45018" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17-19</figureCitation>
. Head mostly reddish brown with black on occiput and frons. Mesosoma reddish brown with black maculae on each lobe and most of pleurae and sterna black. Legs reddish brown to black. Metasoma black with broad reddish-brown apical bands on tergites. Metasomal sternite 2 without medio-apical process. Male: Similar to female.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="961251" doi="10.3897/JHR.44.4495.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/45018" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figures 17–19" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 17-19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1949" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Taeniogonalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taeniogonalos tricolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taeniogonalos tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17</emphasis>
Lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18</emphasis>
Head, front
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19</emphasis>
Metasoma, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
CHINA: Szechuen [Sichuan], Behluhdin, 6000 ft., VII.25-IX.1.1932, DCGraham (1 ♀, USNM); Szechuen [Sichuan], ShinKaiSi, Mt. Omei, 4400 ft., 8.16-20.34, DCGraham (1 ♀, USNM), same except without date (1 ♀, USNM); Szechuen [Sichuan], O-Er26mi N Li Fan, 9000 ft., 1933, DCGraham (1 ♀, USNM). LAOS: Phongsaly pr., Phugsaly env., ~1500 m, N21°41', E102°06',
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacholátko">Pacholatko</normalizedToken>
lg., 06/2008 (1 ♀, OLML); Hua Phan Prov., Ban Saleui, Phou Pan- Mt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="20.225">20°13'30&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="103.990555">103°59'26&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1350-1900 m, 07.05.2011, leg. C. Holzschuh + locals (1 ♀, OLML), same except 10.05.2001 (1 ♀, OLML), same except 10.04.2010 (1 ♀, OLML). THAILAND: Chiangmai, 4-VI-52 (1 ♀, USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
China, Thailand, Korea (Chen et al. 2014). Recorded from Thailand by
<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B5" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, LS, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and Chen et al. (2014), but no localities given. Chen et al. (2013) recorded 11 provinces in China but not Sichuan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">The largely reddish-brown color and lack of a medio-apical process on the second metasomal sternite will help separate this species. We examined only one specimen from Thailand, but the species seems widespread in Asia.</paragraph>
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