diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C8793FFB7012B709854FAFC48059E.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C8793FFB7012B709854FAFC48059E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a65c9873aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C8793FFB7012B709854FAFC48059E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,445 @@ + + + +The taxonomy and nomenclature associated with Kalanchoe adelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) + + + +Author + +Smith, Gideon F. + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-15 + + +663 + + +1 + + +33 +40 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.4 + +journal article +306632 +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.4 +d2a7ffa4-c15c-4cf2-92b8-ef48366f7f74 +1179-3163 +14516024 + + + + + + + + +Kalanchoe adelae +Hamet (1907: 878 + + +, 882). + + + + + + +Type +:—[ +COMORO ISLANDS +. +Grande Comore +], undated, likely +July 1886 +, [Mr + +L +. +J +. +H +. + +] +Humblot 1570 +( +lectotype +Herb. +P +barcodeP00431000 [image of the specimen accessible online at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00431000]), + +here designated as +lectotype + +( +Fig. 1 +). + + + +FIGURE 1. +Lectotype, [ +L.J.H. +] +Humblot 1570 +(Herb. P barcode P00431000 [image of the specimen accessible online at http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00431000]), of the name + +Kalanchoe adelae + +designated in this paper: “[COMORO ISLANDS. Grande Comore], undated, likely July 1886”. Copyright of the +Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle +(MNHN—Paris, France), and reproduced with their permission, which is gratefully acknowledged. + + + +Homotypic synonym +:— + +Bryophyllum adelae + +(Raym.-Hamet) +Berger (1930: 412) +. + + +Heterotypic synonym +:— + +Kalanchoe floribunda +Tulasne (1857: 150) + +, non [ + +K. floribunda + +] +Wight & Walker-Arnot (1834: 359) +, +nom. illeg +. ( + +Turland +et al +. 2018 + +: Art. 53.1). + + +Type +:—[ +COMORO ISLANDS +.] Iles Comores, Angazija, 1847–1852, + +M +. + +[ +Louis-Hyacinthe +] +Boivin s.n +. ( +lectotype +Herb. +P +barcode +P +00431004 [image of the specimen accessible online at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00431004]), designated by +Smith & Figueiredo (2023b: 280) +( +Fig. 2 +). + + + +Nomenclatural notes on the +type +of + +Kalanchoe adelae +:—When treating + +K. adelae + +, the only material that +Hamet (1908: 26) +cited was “[ +M +. [Mr] Humblot, +no +1570!]”, “ +Madagascar +” [sic, it should have been “ +Comoro Islands +”]. At least +four specimens +that were all collected by [ + +L +. +J +. +H +. + +] +Humblot +under his collecting number “ +1570 +”, as cited by +Hamet (1908: 26) +, exist at Herb. +P +. + + +These +four specimens +—all of them +syntypes +(see + +Turland +et al +. 2018 + +: Art. 9.6 and Note 1 under Art. 40)—were mounted on four different sheets. These specimens can be identified as follows with reference to the various labels attached to them: + + +1. +A +printed label headed “Herbier +E +. Drake” that was stamped “Humblot. – +COMORES +” and completed by hand as “1570 +Kalanchoe Adelae R. Hamet +” with the date “ +juillet 1886 +” added in the same handwriting. An undated, handwritten determinavit slip that was signed by Henri Humbert, stating: “= +K. floribunda Tul. +non +W +. et Arn” is also attached to the mounting board. [The preserved material is of a flowering specimen that lacks leaves.] Herb. +P +barcode +P +00430999. + + +2. +A +printed label headed “ +HERB +. +MUS +. +PARIS +” that was completed by hand as “ +No +1570 +Kalanchoe Adelae R. Hamet +[.] +R +. Hamet determinavit[.] +M +. Humblot”. +A +small piece of paper attached to the specimen carries the handwritten number “1570”. +A +handwritten determinavit slip dated +2 February 1923 +that was signed by Henri Humbert, stating: “= +K. floribunda Tul. +(non +W +. et Arn.)” is also attached to the mounting board. [The preserved material is of a flowering specimen with leaves, as well as, presumably, plant fragments enclosed in a folded paper capsule.] Herb. +P +barcode +P +00431000. + + +3. +A +printed label headed “Herbier +E +. Drake” that was stamped “Humblot. – +COMORES +” and completed by hand as “ +Kalanchoe Adelae R. Hamet +” with the date “ +juillet 1886 +” added in the same handwriting. The number “1570” handwritten on a small piece of paper is attached to the specimen. +A +handwritten determinavit slip dated +February 1933 +that was signed by Henri Humbert, stating: “= +Kalanchoe Adelae R. Hamet += +K. floribunda Tul. +(non +W +. et Arn.)” is also attached to the mounting board. [Leaf material only is attached to the mounting board.] Herb. +P +barcode +P +00431001. + + +4. +A +printed label of which the heading is obscured by leaf material, stating “ +Kalanchoe Adelae R. Hamet +” and signed by +R +. Hamet, with “ +Madagascar +” [crossed out] and replaced by “Grande Comore”. The number “1570” handwritten on a small piece of paper is attached to the specimen. An undated, handwritten determinavit slip that was signed by Henri Humbert, stating: “= +K. floribunda Tul. +non +W +. et Arn.” is also attached to the mounting board. [The preserved material is of a flowering specimen with a few leaves.] Herb. +P +barcode +P +00431002. + + +Dorr (1997: 128) +recorded that the herbarium of Emmanuel Drake del Castillo (1855–1904) includes collections made by, inter alia, Humblot, which explains the printed labels headed “Herbier +E +. Drake” attached to some of the Humblot specimens. Other Humblot specimens were apparently sent directly to Herb. +P +. Drake’s contributions to the taxonomy of + +Kalanchoe + +were treated in +Smith & Figueiredo (2022: 158–165) +. + + +The four accessions enumerated as “1.” to “4.”, above, were all clearly given the number [ + +L +. +J +. +H +. + +] +Humblot +] +1570 +and all four qualify as original material because they were obviously available to Raymond-Hamet at Herb. +P +well before he published the name + +K. adelae + +in 1907 and treated the species in 1908. + + +Of these +four specimens +the [ + +L +. +J +. +H +. + +] +Humblot 1570 +specimen—the most complete one—that can be identified as Herb. +P +barcode +P +00431000 is designated here as the +lectotype +of the name + +K. adelae + +( +Fig. 1 +). + + +Descoings (2003: 144) +stated that the “ + +T +: + +” of the name + +K. adelae + +is “ +Comoro Islands +( +Boivin +s.n. [ +P +])”. This attempted typification of the name + +K. adelae + +on non-Humblot material was not effective. The abbreviation “ + +T +: + +” is defined simply as “(nomenclatural) type” in +Eggli (2003 +: X). Rather, the specimen [ +Louis-Hyacinthe +] +Boivin s.n +. is the +lectotype +of the name + +K. floribunda +Tulasne (1857: 150) + +, non [ + +K. floribunda + +] +Wight & Walker-Arnot (1834: 359) +, +nom. illeg +. + + +Taxonomic note +:—The name + +K. adelae + +is in use for an accepted species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817A4C9FF9C6FF707CBF.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817A4C9FF9C6FF707CBF.xml index 21a6c4f86d6..b2be513c2e2 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817A4C9FF9C6FF707CBF.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817A4C9FF9C6FF707CBF.xml @@ -1,268 +1,279 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Palaeabraeus glabrus + + + + + + +Palaeabraeus glabrus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 5 × 2 × -2 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at HUM (ºEHU-0000121213). +2 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +HUM +( +SEHU-0000121213 +) + +. - -Measurements: + + + +Measurements: Head width: -0.23 mm +0.23 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.25 mm +0.25 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.5 mm +0.5 mm ; pronotal length: -0.23 mm +0.23 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.6 mm +0.6 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -0.56 mm +0.56 mm .— -Body: +Body: Oval, tapered anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly convex, impunctate, glabrous.— -Head: +Head: Frons convex, weakly and sparsely punctate; frontal stria absent; narrow epistoma with fine, sparse setae; eye convex, coarsely faceted, anterior portion exposed laterally; labrum short, convex, bearing two dominant setae curving ventrad and several secondary setae; mandibles largely concealed, with a few setae on lateral margins; galeae exposed, densely setose; maxillary palps long, penultimate palpomere about third length of terminal; terminal palpomere swollen at base, tapered apically, shallowly concave on inner surface; labial palpi with apical palpomere long, slender, penultimate palpomere about half its length; antennal insertions slightly open anteriorly, under weak frontolateral bulge; scape short, weakly widening apically, curved posteriad below eye; pedicel cylindrical, almost as long as antennomeres 3 and 4 combined; antennomeres 3–8 widening slightly toward club, each with peripheral setae, 3–6 moniliform, 7 and 8 with sharper basal margins, each narrowed to apex; antennal club round, slightly tapered to apex, tomentose, without annuli.— -Ŋorax: +Thorax: Pronotal disk convex, almost twice as wide as long, sides weakly curved, evenly tapered from base to apex; anterior emargination deep; anterior corners strongly downturned, acute; marginal pronotal stria present, distant from anterior margin, closer to lateral margins. Elytra strongly convex, apically truncate, glabrous, and impunctate, without distinct dorsal striae; epipleuron with single weak submarginal carina. Wings fully developed (protruding beyond elytra). Prosternum short, lacking distinct lobe; keel shallowly emarginate at base, with lateral striae narrowed at middle, widened to base and apex; prosternum incised on either side for reception of the antennal funicle; antennal cavities located anterolaterally, well defined by marginal ridge posteriorly and laterally. Mesoventrite rather long, more than half as long as intercoxal width, strongly developed anteriorly, with broadly acute median process inserting into base of prosternal keel; marginal mesoventral stria complete, broadly rounded; mesometaventral suture well developed; metaventrite slightly impressed along midline; postmesocoxal stria complete, strongly recurved behind coxa to mesepimeron; lateral metaventral stria not evident; metepisternum broadly exposed, tapered beneath anteriorly produced metepimeron.— -Legs: -Profemur slightly convex along inner margin, both inner and outer margins setose; protibia weakly curved, widened slightly to apex, setose and with one subapical denticle along outer margin; protarsal groove well developed; protibial spurs absent; mesofemur similar to profemur; mesotibia slender, widened slightly to apex, with fine setae along inner and outer margins, few stronger spines present near inner apical corners; metafemur and metatibia similar to those of mesothorax; tarsi 5-5-5, tarsomeres 1–4 similar in length, ultimate tarsomeres as long as tarsomeres 2–4 combined; protarsomeres 1–4 with expanded and flaưened ventral setae (probable sexual dimorphism); all tarsomeres with numerous ventral setae (not just one apicoventral pair); tarsal claws simple.— -Abdomen: +Legs: +Profemur slightly convex along inner margin, both inner and outer margins setose; protibia weakly curved, widened slightly to apex, setose and with one subapical denticle along outer margin; protarsal groove well developed; protibial spurs absent; mesofemur similar to profemur; mesotibia slender, widened slightly to apex, with fine setae along inner and outer margins, few stronger spines present near inner apical corners; metafemur and metatibia similar to those of mesothorax; tarsi 5-5-5, tarsomeres 1–4 similar in length, ultimate tarsomeres as long as tarsomeres 2–4 combined; protarsomeres 1–4 with expanded and flattened ventral setae (probable sexual dimorphism); all tarsomeres with numerous ventral setae (not just one apicoventral pair); tarsal claws simple.— +Abdomen: Abdominal ventrite 1 flat between coxae, with slightly curved parallel striae from inner corner of metacoxa to ventrite 2; ventrites 2–5 short; propygidium shorter than pygidium, glabrous; pygidium slightly longer than basal width, weakly convex, apically rounded, impunctate. - - -Figure 7. - -Pantostictus hirsutus + + + +Figure 7. + +Pantostictus hirsutus -sp. nov +sp. nov .. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D, elytral setation, E, dorsal view. F, metaventrite, abdomen. Abbreviations: ac, antennal club; as, antennal scape; ls, labral setae; pl, prosternal lobe; pmss, postmesocoxal stria. - - -Figure 8. - -Palaeabraeus glabrus + + +Figure 8. + +Palaeabraeus glabrus -gen. et sp. nov +gen. et sp. nov .. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, mouthparts lateral view. D, head, prosternal process and mesoventrite ventral view. E, frontal view. F, lateral view. Abbreviations: ac, antennal cavity; apm, anterior margin of prosternal process; ees, elytral epipleural stria; ga, galea; lp, labial palpus; lps, lateral stria on prosternal process; ls, labral setae; mms, marginal mesoventral stria; mp, maxillary palpus; pf, prosternal fissures for receiving antennal funicle; pms, postmesocoxal stria; ppm, posterior margin of prosternal process. - -Taxonomic assignment: -Ŋe species can be assigned to the subfamily -Abraeinae + + +Taxonomic assignment: +The species can be assigned to the subfamily +Abraeinae based on the lack of distinctive prosternal lobe ( -Fig. 8B, D +Fig. 8B, D ), convex eyes ( -Fig. 8E, F +Fig. 8E, F ) and fused antennal club ( -Fig. 8A, B +Fig. 8A, B ). -Abraeinae +Abraeinae contain the following tribes: -Abraeini +Abraeini , -Acritini +Acritini , -Acritomorphini +Acritomorphini , -Plegaderini +Plegaderini , -Teretriini +Teretriini , -Trypanaeini +Trypanaeini , -Trypeticini +Trypeticini , and the extinct -Pantostictini +Pantostictini . -Teretriini +Teretriini , -Trypanaeini +Trypanaeini , and -Trypeticini +Trypeticini can be ruled out as they all represent groups with elongate cylindrical body shapes ( -Wenzel 1944 +Wenzel 1944 ). -Acritomorphini +Acritomorphini have an elongate body shape, long prosternum, anteriorly positioned antennal cavities, and annulate antennal club ( -Wenzel 1944 +Wenzel 1944 , -Mazur 1997 +Mazur 1997 ). -Plegaderini -have a flaưened body shape and pronotum with a pair of longitudinal grooves laterally, ossen with a transverse pronotal stria connecting the grooves ( -Wenzel 1944 +Plegaderini +have a flattened body shape and pronotum with a pair of longitudinal grooves laterally, often with a transverse pronotal stria connecting the grooves ( +Wenzel 1944 ). -Pantostictini -likewise have a slightly flaưened and rugosely punctuate body surface ( -Poinar and Brown 2009 +Pantostictini +likewise have a slightly flattened and rugosely punctuate body surface ( +Poinar and Brown 2009 ). -Acritini +Acritini have their tarsal formula 5-5-4 ( -Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt 1976 -). Ŋerefore, based on the round and convex body shape, fused antennal clubs and the 5-5-5 tarsal formula ( -Fig. 8B, F +Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt 1976 +). Therefore, based on the round and convex body shape, fused antennal clubs and the 5-5-5 tarsal formula ( +Fig. 8B, F ) the species may be placed in the -Abraeini +Abraeini tribe. Other characters supporting the position of the species within -Abraeini +Abraeini are the presence and position of antennal cavities ( -Fig. 8F +Fig. 8F ), emarginate basal pronotal margin receiving anterior projection of mesoventrite ( -Fig. 8B, D +Fig. 8B, D ). Close relation to -Abraeini -was also indicated by all performed phylogenetic analyses. Ŋe main differences seưing this species apart from recent -Abraeini +Abraeini +was also indicated by all performed phylogenetic analyses. The main differences setting this species apart from recent +Abraeini genera ( - -Abraeus + +Abraeus Leach , - -Spelaeabraeus + +Spelaeabraeus Moro , and - -Chaetabraeus + +Chaetabraeus Portevin ) are: oval body shape, relatively long prosternal process, absence of punctuation, and only slightly dilated protibia. - -Diagnosis: + + + +Diagnosis: Absence of dorsal striae and punctuation. Marginal mesoventral stria complete, broadly rounded; mesometaventral suture well developed; metaventrite slightly impressed along midline; postmesocoxal stria complete, strongly recurved behind coxa to mesepimeron; lateral metaventral stria not evident. Only - -Pseudacritus extinctus + +Pseudacritus extinctus , described in this study, is similar in general body shape and some characters to this species. - -Palaeabraeus glabrus + +Palaeabraeus glabrus can be distinguished by the position of antennal cavities (mediolaterally as opposed to - -P. extinctus + +P. extinctus with anteriorly positioned cavities), absence of antescutellar stria and complete absence of punctuation. - -Etymology: + + + +Etymology: Latin ‘glabrus’ refers to the smooth cuticle of the species. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4CB4FBCEFC417D49.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4CB4FBCEFC417D49.xml index 54e0ff36795..bc752f6cd48 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4CB4FBCEFC417D49.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4CB4FBCEFC417D49.xml @@ -1,120 +1,118 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Palaeabraeus + + + + + + +Palaeabraeus -gen. nov. +gen. nov. - - - -Type + + + +Type species. -Palaeabraeus glabrus +Palaeabraeus glabrus -sp. nov +sp. nov .. - -Diagnosis: + + + +Diagnosis: Body oval, strongly dorsally convex. Head without frontal stria, short labrum with a pair of prominent setae. Body surface glabrous, without punctuation. Widely open antennal cavities present at the anterolateral position on the prosternal hypomeron. Mesoventrite anteriorly with a round apex inserted into the base of the prosternal keel, with a curved postcoxal striae and complete lateral striae. Metaventrite long, with postmesocoxal striae. Legs simple, tarsal formula 5-5-5. - -Etymology: -Ŋe genus is considered as an ancient representative of the -Abraeini + + + +Etymology: +The genus is considered as an ancient representative of the +Abraeini tribe and the generic name refers to this taxonomic placement. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4E4AFE09FC6078E5.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4E4AFE09FC6078E5.xml index 7848c470d4c..b62f200bbed 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4E4AFE09FC6078E5.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1701817F4E4AFE09FC6078E5.xml @@ -1,229 +1,230 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Pantostictus hirsutus + + + + + + +Pantostictus hirsutus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ) - -Material: -Kachin + +Material: + +Kachin amber (c -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 12 × 7 × -1 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at HUM (ºEHU-121212). +1 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +HUM +( +SEHU-121212 +) + +. - -Measurements: + +Measurements: Head width: -0.25 mm +0.25 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.35 mm +0.35 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.55 mm +0.55 mm ; pronotal length: -0.35 mm +0.35 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.35 mm +0.35 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -0.65 mm +0.65 mm .— -Body: +Body: Oval with a densely and coarsely punctuated cuticle. Dorsal surface with sparse short setation.— -Head: -Frons and clypeus flat, coarsely punctuate, without striae. Labrum short and wide, rounded apically, plurisetose. Less mandible appearing bidentate. Antennal club flat and triangular (most likely deformed).— -Ŋorax: -Pronotal disc coarsely punctuate, broadly rounded basally, anterior angles pointed. Lateral margin finely crenulate. ºcutellar shield hidden. Elytra expanded laterally in basal third, surface of elytral disc coarsely punctuate and finely setose, without striae. Epipleura punctate, but not striate. Prosternum short and wide. Prosternal process widely rectangular anteriorly, coarsely punctuated with crenulate margin and lateral fissures for antennal passage. Antennal clubs rest in shallow cavities located in anterior prosternal angles. Prosternal lobe not distinct. Meso- and metaventrite coarsely punctuated. Metaventrite with recurved postcoxal striae.— -Legs: -Profemur flaưened, with a groove for protibial reception. Protibia slightly expanding apically, outer margin rounded in apical half, bearing few short spines; protibial apex with a small tibial spur. Protarsomeres short, terminal as long as 3–4 combined. Middle leg similar to front leg. Metafemur swollen with setae dorsally, metatibia slightly expanded apically, with several small setae along outer margin increasing in size apically and with a tibial spur. Tarsomeres short, terminal tarsomere as long as tarsomeres 3–4 combined; tarsomeres 1–4 bearing single pair of apicoventral spines.— -Abdomen: +Head: +Frons and clypeus flat, coarsely punctuate, without striae. Labrum short and wide, rounded apically, plurisetose. Left mandible appearing bidentate. Antennal club flat and triangular (most likely deformed).— +Thorax: +Pronotal disc coarsely punctuate, broadly rounded basally, anterior angles pointed. Lateral margin finely crenulate. Scutellar shield hidden. Elytra expanded laterally in basal third, surface of elytral disc coarsely punctuate and finely setose, without striae. Epipleura punctate, but not striate. Prosternum short and wide. Prosternal process widely rectangular anteriorly, coarsely punctuated with crenulate margin and lateral fissures for antennal passage. Antennal clubs rest in shallow cavities located in anterior prosternal angles. Prosternal lobe not distinct. Meso- and metaventrite coarsely punctuated. Metaventrite with recurved postcoxal striae.— +Legs: +Profemur flattened, with a groove for protibial reception. Protibia slightly expanding apically, outer margin rounded in apical half, bearing few short spines; protibial apex with a small tibial spur. Protarsomeres short, terminal as long as 3–4 combined. Middle leg similar to front leg. Metafemur swollen with setae dorsally, metatibia slightly expanded apically, with several small setae along outer margin increasing in size apically and with a tibial spur. Tarsomeres short, terminal tarsomere as long as tarsomeres 3–4 combined; tarsomeres 1–4 bearing single pair of apicoventral spines.— +Abdomen: First abdominal ventrite punctuated with the same coarseness as metaventrite. Other visible abdominal sclerites (incl. pygidium) with finer punctuation. Propygidium short and wide, largely concealed by elytra. - -Taxonomic assignment: + +Taxonomic assignment: We assign this new species to the genus - -Pantostictus + +Pantostictus (in the monotypic Pantosticini; - + Zhou -et al. +et al. 2020 -) based on the ventrally flat and oval body shape, broad and rectangular apex of prosternal process, and the coarse punctuation. Ŋe genus was further characterized by -Poinar and Brown (2009) +) based on the ventrally flat and oval body shape, broad and rectangular apex of prosternal process, and the coarse punctuation. The genus was further characterized by +Poinar and Brown (2009) as having an acute, triangular-shaped antennal club, and by lacking postmesocoxal and ventral abdominal striae. Despite appearing somewhat similar in the sole specimen of this new species, we believe that the odd antennal club shape is a postmortem deformity caused by collapse of a poorly sclerotized structure, as its exact shape varies considerably among available specimens (compare, e.g. Poinar and Brown’s figs 2 vs. 3). Further, although the tribal separation of -Pantostictini +Pantostictini from -Plegaderini +Plegaderini is well justified on several characters ( - + Zhou -et al. +et al. 2020 -), the alleged absence of postcoxal striae (on the lateral metaventrite and on abdominal ventrite 1) should be disregarded. Ŋeir absence is difficult to assess in the specimens of - -P. burmanicus +), the alleged absence of postcoxal striae (on the lateral metaventrite and on abdominal ventrite 1) should be disregarded. Their absence is difficult to assess in the specimens of + +P. burmanicus , and the postmesocoxal striae, at least, are visible in - -P. hirsutus + +P. hirsutus (see -Fig. 7F +Fig. 7F ). - -Differential diagnosis: -Ŋe species appears to be closely related to - -Pantostictus burmanicus -Poinar and Brown, 2009 + +Differential diagnosis: +The species appears to be closely related to + +Pantostictus burmanicus +Poinar and Brown, 2009 -. It is similar in overall appearance, but there are significant differential characters. Ŋe elytral punctuation is coarser in - -P. burmanicus +. It is similar in overall appearance, but there are significant differential characters. The elytral punctuation is coarser in + +P. burmanicus -. Ŋe lateral pronotal margins are finely crenulate in - -P. hirsutus +. The lateral pronotal margins are finely crenulate in + +P. hirsutus ( -Fig. 7E +Fig. 7E ), whereas in - -P. burmanicus + +P. burmanicus they are smooth. In - -P. hirsutus + +P. hirsutus , the pronotum is wider basally and lateral margins are simply rounded and parallel-sided in the posterior half ( -Fig. 7A +Fig. 7A ), while the lateral pronotal margins of - -P. burmanicus + +P. burmanicus are sinuate. Furthermore, - -P. hirsutus + +P. hirsutus displays a setose dorsal cuticle ( -Fig. 7D -). ºetation presence in - -P. burmanicus +Fig. 7D +). Setation presence in + +P. burmanicus cannot be determined based on the original description and published photographs ( -Poinar and Brown 2009 +Poinar and Brown 2009 ). - -Etymology: -Ŋe name of this species was chosen to point out its hirsute cuticle. + +Etymology: +The name of this species was chosen to point out its hirsute cuticle. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170481794C8AFDC6FD5B7BA9.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170481794C8AFDC6FD5B7BA9.xml index 7faa6ddb41b..741ec66e68b 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170481794C8AFDC6FD5B7BA9.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170481794C8AFDC6FD5B7BA9.xml @@ -1,213 +1,224 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Pseudacritus extinctus + + + + + + +Pseudacritus extinctus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 16 × 5 × -2 mm +2 mm . Amber clear with a large -Hymenoptera +Hymenoptera fragment, a single specimen of -Trogossitidae -and large pieces of debris. Deposited at MEBHK (P1423/E). +Trogossitidae +and large pieces of debris. Deposited at +MEBHK +( +P1423/E +) + +. - -Measurements: + + + +Measurements: Head width: -0.3 mm +0.3 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.34 mm +0.34 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.68 mm +0.68 mm ; pronotal length: -0.4 mm +0.4 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.48 mm +0.48 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -0.7 mm +0.7 mm .— -Body: +Body: Round and dorsoventrally convex, brown in colour.— -Head: -Without frontal stria. Frons smooth, slightly convex. Clypeus basally constricted, widening anteriorly. Labial as well as maxillary palpi exposed, the laưer rather short, wide. Labrum with a transverse carinate median ridge, with a pair of prominent setae and several shorter setae. Terminal maxillary palpomere oval and pointed. Terminal labial palpomere short, pointed. Eyes large, convex. Antennal scape thickened, as long as antennomeres 2–7 combined. Pedicel approximately third scape’s length, wider basally. Club large, oval, flaưened, with two distinct annuli.— -Ŋorax: -Pronotal disc almost smooth, with widely isolated small punctures and with a complete, punctuate antescutellar stria. Anterior corners acute. Marginal stria present. Lateral pronotal stria carinate, slightly expanding over pronotal margin medially and gradually distanced from pronotal margin basally. ºcutellar shield small, triangular. Elytra dorsally with four weak costae. Elytral epipleuron concave, epipleural stria obscured. Elytral humeri with four short distinct costate striae. Prosternal keel short and wide, largely unobservable, laterally incised for the antennal passage. Round and relatively well-developed antennal cavities located at the anteriormost part of the prosternal hypomeron. Hypomeron excavate, creating a depression shaped to receive the profemur and protibia. When retracted the protibial would probably conceal the antennal club. Mesoventrite obscured by legs and fracturing. Metaventrite very finely punctuated, with a median depression, which may be an artefact. Postmesocoxal stria complete, recurved along mesocoxa. Lateral metaventral stria complete, continuous on to metepisternum. Metepisternum exposed.— -Legs: -All femora and tibiae thin, laterally flaưened. Tarsal formula 5-5-5, ultimate tarsomeres as long as the preceding two.— -Abdomen: +Head: +Without frontal stria. Frons smooth, slightly convex. Clypeus basally constricted, widening anteriorly. Labial as well as maxillary palpi exposed, the latter rather short, wide. Labrum with a transverse carinate median ridge, with a pair of prominent setae and several shorter setae. Terminal maxillary palpomere oval and pointed. Terminal labial palpomere short, pointed. Eyes large, convex. Antennal scape thickened, as long as antennomeres 2–7 combined. Pedicel approximately third scape’s length, wider basally. Club large, oval, flattened, with two distinct annuli.— +Thorax: +Pronotal disc almost smooth, with widely isolated small punctures and with a complete, punctuate antescutellar stria. Anterior corners acute. Marginal stria present. Lateral pronotal stria carinate, slightly expanding over pronotal margin medially and gradually distanced from pronotal margin basally. Scutellar shield small, triangular. Elytra dorsally with four weak costae. Elytral epipleuron concave, epipleural stria obscured. Elytral humeri with four short distinct costate striae. Prosternal keel short and wide, largely unobservable, laterally incised for the antennal passage. Round and relatively well-developed antennal cavities located at the anteriormost part of the prosternal hypomeron. Hypomeron excavate, creating a depression shaped to receive the profemur and protibia. When retracted the protibial would probably conceal the antennal club. Mesoventrite obscured by legs and fracturing. Metaventrite very finely punctuated, with a median depression, which may be an artefact. Postmesocoxal stria complete, recurved along mesocoxa. Lateral metaventral stria complete, continuous on to metepisternum. Metepisternum exposed.— +Legs: +All femora and tibiae thin, laterally flattened. Tarsal formula 5-5-5, ultimate tarsomeres as long as the preceding two.— +Abdomen: First abdominal ventrite wide, with thin and complete postmetacoxal striae. Pygidium triangular, laterobasally with depressions, apex with a single short groove medially. Propygidium short and broad, with irregular depressions. - - -Figure 9. - -Pseudacritus extinctus + + + +Figure 9. + +Pseudacritus extinctus -gen. et sp. nov +gen. et sp. nov .. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateroventral view. D, antenna. E, frontal view. F, pronotal base. Abbreviations: aca, antennal cavity; acl, antennal club; as, antennal scape; ass, antescutellar stria; lab, labrum; mp, maxillary palpus; sd, scutellar disc. - -Taxonomic assignment: -Ŋis species can be tentatively placed in the -Abraeinae + + +Taxonomic assignment: +This species can be tentatively placed in the +Abraeinae subfamily, based on the absence of a distinct pronotal lobe, small body size of round shape, and strongly convex eyes ( -Fig. 9A -). Ŋis position was also supported by all phylogenetic analyses. Ŋe species bears characters strikingly similar to the extant -Acritini +Fig. 9A +). This position was also supported by all phylogenetic analyses. The species bears characters strikingly similar to the extant +Acritini : position of the antennal cavity at the frontmost part of prosternal hypomeron ( -Fig. 9C +Fig. 9C ) and the presence of an antescutellar stria on the pronotal disc ( -Fig. 9A, D +Fig. 9A, D ). However, it lacks the key defining feature of -Acritini +Acritini , the four-segmented metatarsi. Moreover, the species exhibits a plesiomorphic annulate antennal club ( -Fig. 9C +Fig. 9C ), as opposed to most recent -Abraeinae +Abraeinae , except -Acritomorphini +Acritomorphini ( -Wenzel 1944 +Wenzel 1944 , -Mazur 1997 +Mazur 1997 ). Recent -Acritomorphini +Acritomorphini , however, have an oblong, elongated body shape. Hence, the placement within a tribe is uncertain. - -Diagnosis: -Pronotum with antescutellar stria and small widely separated punctures.Elytra with four low costae and without an epipleural stria. Postmesocoxal stria complete, recurved along mesocoxa. Lateral metaventral stria complete, continuous onto metepisternum. Ŋe species can be distinguished from - -Palaeabraeus glabrus + + + +Diagnosis: +Pronotum with antescutellar stria and small widely separated punctures.Elytra with four low costae and without an epipleural stria. Postmesocoxal stria complete, recurved along mesocoxa. Lateral metaventral stria complete, continuous onto metepisternum. The species can be distinguished from + +Palaeabraeus glabrus (the only similar abraeine reported from Burmese ambers) by the presence of antescutellar stria, the anterior position of antennal cavities, presence of elytral costae, and absence of elytral epipleural stria. - - -Figure 10. - -Phasmister planatus + + + +Figure 10. + +Phasmister planatus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. (A–C) and - -Phasmister kraliceki + +Phasmister kraliceki -sp. nov. +sp. nov. (D, E). - -Etymology: -Ŋe specific name signifies the species’ extinct status. + + +Etymology: +The specific name signifies the species’ extinct status. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1704817A4CA7FF4EFAE97948.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1704817A4CA7FF4EFAE97948.xml index d84385e773a..a7e0566d627 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1704817A4CA7FF4EFAE97948.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE1704817A4CA7FF4EFAE97948.xml @@ -1,125 +1,123 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Pseudacritus + + + + + + +Pseudacritus -gen. nov. +gen. nov. - - - -Type + + + +Type species. -Pseudacritus extinctus +Pseudacritus extinctus -sp. nov +sp. nov .. - -Diagnosis: -ºmall, round and dorsoventrally convex body. Head without frontal stria, convex eyes, labrum with a pair of prominent setae. Antennal club annulate. Antennal cavities present at the anteriormost hypomeral angle. Pronotal disc with an antescutellar stria. Tarsal formula 5-5-5. + + + +Diagnosis: +Small, round and dorsoventrally convex body. Head without frontal stria, convex eyes, labrum with a pair of prominent setae. Antennal club annulate. Antennal cavities present at the anteriormost hypomeral angle. Pronotal disc with an antescutellar stria. Tarsal formula 5-5-5. - -Etymology: + + + +Etymology: Generic name - -Pseudacritus + +Pseudacritus (masculine) points out the striking resemblance to the recent genus - -Acritus + +Acritus . diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781674C9CFE52FE227CBF.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781674C9CFE52FE227CBF.xml index 1314a43f474..2a2d3ffe914 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781674C9CFE52FE227CBF.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781674C9CFE52FE227CBF.xml @@ -1,228 +1,239 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Prodigister tricostatus + + + + + + +Prodigister tricostatus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 11 +Fig. 11 ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 15 × 8 × -2 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at HUM (ºEHU-0000121220). +2 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +HUM +( +SEHU-0000121220 +) + +. - -Dimensions. + + + +Dimensions. Head width: -0.4 mm +0.4 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.42 mm +0.42 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.7 mm +0.7 mm ; pronotal length: -0.5 mm +0.5 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.95 mm +0.95 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -0.75 mm +0.75 mm .— -Body: -Elongate, subparallel-sided, almost rectangular in shape. Pronotum irregularly sculptured. Elytra with several very prominent costae. Dorsal cuticle with fine setation. Ŋorax and abdomen strongly compressed (deformed) laterally.— -Head: -Frons and clypeus with sparse setae. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Frontal stria complete, weakly carinate. Labrum long (width: length ratio is 3: 2), plurisetose and punctuate. Mandibles with several prominent setae on outer margin and a blunt subapical tooth, prostheca well developed. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate and pointed, as long as palpomeres 2–3 combined. ºcape straight and parallel-sided with several setae apically. Pedicel short and bulbous, as long as antennomeres 3–4 combined, wider basally than distally. Antennomere 3 short (about half of antennomere 4 length). Antennomeres 3–8 becoming wider apically. Antennal club round and flaưened, setose, without annuli.— -Ŋorax: -Pronotum with irregular sculpturing, mostly convex medially, with a pair of large depressions posterolaterally and one mediobasally, elevations on either side aligned with longitudinal elytral ridges; pronotal sides margined, sinuate, widening posterad, narrowed anterad; marginal pronotal striae not evident. Basal pronotal margin rounded. Marginal prosternal stria complete. Pronotum sparsely covered with fine, short setae. ºcutellar shield not visible. Elytra with fine punctuation and vestiture (setae 5× as long as in pronotum). Dorsal elytral striation not visible. Epipleural stria complete. Outer elytral margin carinate and weakly elevated. Medioanterior part strongly depressed. ºutural area strongly elevated forming a keel that is sharp on anterior two-thirds, thence gradually diminishing posterad; each elytron with strong lateral longitudinal costa, rather sharp in anterior half of elytra, becoming lower and broader apically; elytral apices obscured by cracks and evidently distorted. Elytral epipleural stria complete. Ventral body surface strongly compressed, creating a (probably artificial) keel. Prosternal lobe short and broad, punctuate. Ŋe presence and character of antennal cavity cannot be determined due to the ventral deformation. Prosternal keel without apparent striation or punctuation. Mesoventrite strongly compressed ventrally, striation not visible. Metaventrite finely punctuate, lateral metaventral stria visible on anterior third.— -Legs: -Profemur very wide, flaưened. Protibia strongly dilated with denticles along its outer margin. Protarsal groove present. Protibial spur not developed. Terminal protarsomere as long as protarsomeres 1–4 combined. Mesofemur flaưened, broad basally and becoming narrower apically. Mesotibia approximately half of the mesofemoral length, slightly dilated with thick setae along the outer margin, diminishing in size basally. Terminal mesotarsomere as long as mesotarsomeres 2–4 combined. Metafemur broad. Metatibia narrow with only two to three thick setae apically. Metatarsus identical to mesotarsus.— -Abdomen: +Body: +Elongate, subparallel-sided, almost rectangular in shape. Pronotum irregularly sculptured. Elytra with several very prominent costae. Dorsal cuticle with fine setation. Thorax and abdomen strongly compressed (deformed) laterally.— +Head: +Frons and clypeus with sparse setae. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Frontal stria complete, weakly carinate. Labrum long (width: length ratio is 3: 2), plurisetose and punctuate. Mandibles with several prominent setae on outer margin and a blunt subapical tooth, prostheca well developed. Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate and pointed, as long as palpomeres 2–3 combined. Scape straight and parallel-sided with several setae apically. Pedicel short and bulbous, as long as antennomeres 3–4 combined, wider basally than distally. Antennomere 3 short (about half of antennomere 4 length). Antennomeres 3–8 becoming wider apically. Antennal club round and flattened, setose, without annuli.— +Thorax: +Pronotum with irregular sculpturing, mostly convex medially, with a pair of large depressions posterolaterally and one mediobasally, elevations on either side aligned with longitudinal elytral ridges; pronotal sides margined, sinuate, widening posterad, narrowed anterad; marginal pronotal striae not evident. Basal pronotal margin rounded. Marginal prosternal stria complete. Pronotum sparsely covered with fine, short setae. Scutellar shield not visible. Elytra with fine punctuation and vestiture (setae 5× as long as in pronotum). Dorsal elytral striation not visible. Epipleural stria complete. Outer elytral margin carinate and weakly elevated. Medioanterior part strongly depressed. Sutural area strongly elevated forming a keel that is sharp on anterior two-thirds, thence gradually diminishing posterad; each elytron with strong lateral longitudinal costa, rather sharp in anterior half of elytra, becoming lower and broader apically; elytral apices obscured by cracks and evidently distorted. Elytral epipleural stria complete. Ventral body surface strongly compressed, creating a (probably artificial) keel. Prosternal lobe short and broad, punctuate. The presence and character of antennal cavity cannot be determined due to the ventral deformation. Prosternal keel without apparent striation or punctuation. Mesoventrite strongly compressed ventrally, striation not visible. Metaventrite finely punctuate, lateral metaventral stria visible on anterior third.— +Legs: +Profemur very wide, flattened. Protibia strongly dilated with denticles along its outer margin. Protarsal groove present. Protibial spur not developed. Terminal protarsomere as long as protarsomeres 1–4 combined. Mesofemur flattened, broad basally and becoming narrower apically. Mesotibia approximately half of the mesofemoral length, slightly dilated with thick setae along the outer margin, diminishing in size basally. Terminal mesotarsomere as long as mesotarsomeres 2–4 combined. Metafemur broad. Metatibia narrow with only two to three thick setae apically. Metatarsus identical to mesotarsus.— +Abdomen: First visible abdominal sternite long and wide, finely punctuate. Rest of the abdomen hardly observable due to cracks and contamination. Pygidium weakly costate. - - -Figure 11. - -Prodigister tricostatus + + + +Figure 11. + +Prodigister tricostatus -sp. nov +sp. nov .. A, dorsal view. B, lateroventral view. C, lateral view. D, elytra. E, frontal view. F, mouthparts. Abbreviations: C1–C3, costae 1–3; ds, dorsal setae; gal, galea; lab, labrum; man, mandible; mp, maxillary palpus; mt, mesotibia; pt, protibia. - -Taxonomic assignment: -Few characters that would serve as diagnostic at higher levels are clearly visible in this specimen. Furthermore, it is considerably deformed by lateral compression, especially ventrally, and sternal characters are severely altered. Ŋe strongly convex pronotum and costate elytra, being reasonably bilaterally symmetrical, show no signs of being artefacts of deformation, and distinguish this taxon from any known histerids, extinct or extant. Ŋese are not similar to costae in onthophiline genera, and this genus could not be placed there. Ŋe antennal club is not easily visible, but it is sufficiently clear that it lacks distinct annuli, as are seen in a number of other Cretaceous ‘basal grade’ histeroids. Ŋe strongly expanded protibiae are a remarkably common feature among Cretaceous taxa, seen in - -Olexum + + +Taxonomic assignment: +Few characters that would serve as diagnostic at higher levels are clearly visible in this specimen. Furthermore, it is considerably deformed by lateral compression, especially ventrally, and sternal characters are severely altered. The strongly convex pronotum and costate elytra, being reasonably bilaterally symmetrical, show no signs of being artefacts of deformation, and distinguish this taxon from any known histerids, extinct or extant. These are not similar to costae in onthophiline genera, and this genus could not be placed there. The antennal club is not easily visible, but it is sufficiently clear that it lacks distinct annuli, as are seen in a number of other Cretaceous ‘basal grade’ histeroids. The strongly expanded protibiae are a remarkably common feature among Cretaceous taxa, seen in + +Olexum , - -Yethiha + +Yethiha , - -Druantia + +Druantia , - -Platycretus + +Platycretus , and - -Promyrmister + +Promyrmister ( - + Zhou -et al. +et al. 2019 , -Caterino 2021 -, ºimon-Pražák -et al. +Caterino 2021 +, Simon-Pražák +et al. 2023b). Of these, the species bears some characters linking it to - -Platycretus + +Platycretus -: very wide and flat profemur, and mesofemur longer than mesotibia (ºimon-Pražák -et al. +: very wide and flat profemur, and mesofemur longer than mesotibia (Simon-Pražák +et al. 2023b). However, the plurisetose labrum, as well as fused antennal club, would suggest a closer relationship to -Dendrophilinae +Dendrophilinae taxa— - -Olexum + +Olexum , - -Yethiha + +Yethiha , or - -Druantia + +Druantia ( -Caterino 2021 -, ºimon-Pražák -et al. -2023b). Ŋe position of this genus could not be sufficiently resolved via phylogenetic analyses either, as it nested in various positions in -Histeridae +Caterino 2021 +, Simon-Pražák +et al. +2023b). The position of this genus could not be sufficiently resolved via phylogenetic analyses either, as it nested in various positions in +Histeridae outside the -Antigracilinae +Antigracilinae and -Abraeinae -clades. As some of the key characters for higher taxonomic assignment are not visible due to deformation, we leave this genus unplaced to a higher taxon for now, and hope that beưer preserved specimens materialize to reveal more phylogenetically significant characters. +Abraeinae +clades. As some of the key characters for higher taxonomic assignment are not visible due to deformation, we leave this genus unplaced to a higher taxon for now, and hope that better preserved specimens materialize to reveal more phylogenetically significant characters. - -Diagnosis: -Prolonged, parallel-sided body shape with several elytral dorsal costae. Dorsal cuticle setose. Labrum long and multisetose. Head without a frontoclypeal suture, frontal stria complete. Antennal club fused, without annuli. Basal pronotal margin widely rounded. Wide and flat profemur. Protibia strongly dilated with denticles. Mesotibia narrow and spinose, metatibia narrow and almost smooth. Ŋe species is unlike any known recent or extinct -Histeridae + + + +Diagnosis: +Prolonged, parallel-sided body shape with several elytral dorsal costae. Dorsal cuticle setose. Labrum long and multisetose. Head without a frontoclypeal suture, frontal stria complete. Antennal club fused, without annuli. Basal pronotal margin widely rounded. Wide and flat profemur. Protibia strongly dilated with denticles. Mesotibia narrow and spinose, metatibia narrow and almost smooth. The species is unlike any known recent or extinct +Histeridae species and is easily, unequivocally identifiable. - -Etymology: -Ŋe species name ‘tricostatus’ refers to the three dorsal costae on the elytra. + + + +Etymology: +The species name ‘tricostatus’ refers to the three dorsal costae on the elytra. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E19F8C0FA0F7AB3.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E19F8C0FA0F7AB3.xml index 7395cdeb18f..fdff5dfc4e1 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E19F8C0FA0F7AB3.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E19F8C0FA0F7AB3.xml @@ -1,116 +1,116 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Prodigister + + + + + + +Prodigister -gen. nov. +gen. nov. - - - -Type + + + +Type species. -Prodigister tricostatus +Prodigister tricostatus -sp. nov -.. -Diagnosis: +sp. nov +.. + + + + +Diagnosis: Prolonged, parallel-sided body shape with several elytral dorsal costae. Labrum long and multisetose. Head without a frontoclypeal suture, frontal stria complete. Antennal club fused, without annuli. Basal pronotal margin widely rounded. Wide and flat profemur. Protibia strongly dilated with denticles. Mesotibia narrow and spinose, metatibia narrow and almost smooth. - -Etymology: + + + +Etymology: Generic name, masculine, is derived from the Latin adjective ‘prodigiosus’ meaning bizarre, remarkable or amazing. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4DFC45FF4B7C1F.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4DFC45FF4B7C1F.xml index 77372817f85..ad04aa2c846 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4DFC45FF4B7C1F.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4DFC45FF4B7C1F.xml @@ -1,167 +1,176 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Phasmister planatus + + + + + + +Phasmister planatus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 10A–C +Fig. 10A–C ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 9 × 5 × -1.5 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at HUM (ºEHU-0000121216). - - -Dimensions. -Head width: -0.48 mm -; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.6 mm -; width between posterior pronotal angles: -1.1 mm -; pronotal length: -0.6 mm -; sutural elytral length: -1 mm -; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -1.25 mm +1.5 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +HUM +( +SEHU-0000121216 +) + . - -Diagnostic description. -Ŋe state of pronotal carinae is almost identical to - -Phasmister parallelus + + + +Dimensions. +Head width: +0.48 mm +; width between anterior pronotal angles: +0.6 mm +; width between posterior pronotal angles: +1.1 mm +; pronotal length: +0.6 mm +; sutural elytral length: +1 mm +; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): +1.25 mm +. + + + + +Diagnostic description. +The state of pronotal carinae is almost identical to + +Phasmister parallelus Caterino and Yamamoto, 2023 . However, - -P. planatus + +P. planatus -bears a significantly more flaưened body shape and several differential characteristics are linked with that— elytra are straight and flat (whereas in - -P. parallelus +bears a significantly more flattened body shape and several differential characteristics are linked with that— elytra are straight and flat (whereas in + +P. parallelus they are convex and curved downwards apically), spaces between first dorsal carina and upper epipleural carina and between the upper and lower epipleural carinae are narrower than in - -P.parallelus + +P.parallelus . Ventrally, - -P. parallelus + +P. parallelus has a long impunctate channel along the metaventral midline. In - -P. planatus + +P. planatus the entire metaventral disc is covered with punctures and displays a finely carinate median metaventral stria. - -Etymology: -Ŋe species name was chosen to signify its flaưened body shape. + + + +Etymology: +The species name was chosen to signify its flattened body shape. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4EFEB6FF5A78CD.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4EFEB6FF5A78CD.xml index a71f5544f2a..b58c73d141b 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4EFEB6FF5A78CD.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170781794E4EFEB6FF5A78CD.xml @@ -1,147 +1,156 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Phasmister kraliceki + + + + + + +Phasmister kraliceki -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 10D, E +Fig. 10D, E ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 11 × 9 × -1.5 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at MEBHK (P1424/E). - - -Dimensions. -Head width: -0.42 mm -; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.55 mm -; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.9 mm -; pronotal length: -0.5 mm -; sutural elytral length: -0.8 mm -; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -1.15 mm +1.5 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +MEBHK +( +P1424/E +) + . - -Diagnostic description. -Ŋe species is very similar to the recently described - -Phasmister hkamticus + + + +Dimensions. +Head width: +0.42 mm +; width between anterior pronotal angles: +0.55 mm +; width between posterior pronotal angles: +0.9 mm +; pronotal length: +0.5 mm +; sutural elytral length: +0.8 mm +; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): +1.15 mm +. + + + + +Diagnostic description. +The species is very similar to the recently described + +Phasmister hkamticus Caterino and Yamamoto, 2023 . However, it differs in several characters by which it can be distinguished. Pronotal disc lacks a short, curved costa in posterolateral corners; pronotal base more sinuate; anterior pronotal margin more broadly rounded, not crenulate and more emarginate above head. - -Etymology: -Named asser Ivo Králíček, a good friend and biology tutor of J.º.P.. + + + +Etymology: +Named after Ivo Králíček, a good friend and biology tutor of J.S.P.. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81714CEAFCFAFF7B7E6D.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81714CEAFCFAFF7B7E6D.xml index 2509428b26a..c2ddb716d2e 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81714CEAFCFAFF7B7E6D.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81714CEAFCFAFF7B7E6D.xml @@ -1,248 +1,259 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Cretomalus tibiodentatus + + + + + + +Cretomalus tibiodentatus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 13 × 8 × -1.5 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at HUM (ºEHU-0000121215). +1.5 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +HUM +( +SEHU-0000121215 +) + +. - -Measurements: + + + +Measurements: Head width: -0.32 mm +0.32 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.35 mm +0.35 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.55 mm +0.55 mm ; pronotal length: -0.5 mm +0.5 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.73 mm +0.73 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -0.53 mm +0.53 mm .— -Body -elongate, rectangular, parallel-sided, and flaưened. Cuticle sparsely punctuate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Colour black to chestnut brown.— -Head: -Frons weakly convex, finely punctuate, punctures separated by three times their diameter. Frontoclypeal suture not evident; frontal stria thin, complete.Labrum short, trapezoidal, with several pairs of prominent setae.Mouthparts retracted. Eyes not visible from above.ºcape short, expanded apically, pedicel simple, as long as antennomeres 3–4 combined. Antennomeres 3–8 wide and short (width: length ratio 1.5: 1), almost rectangular. Antennal club round, dorsoventrally flaưened, annuli well visible.— -Ŋorax: -Pronotum as wide as long (width: length ratio 1: 1), median portion of disk flat, sides curved ventrad. Anterior emarginationdeep,anterioranglesacute,convergentanteriad.Basal pronotal margin rounded. Marginal pronotal stria complete along lateral and anterior margins. Pronotum punctuate, punctures separated by two to three times their diameter.ºcutellum not visible (obscured by bubbles). Elytra long and narrow, punctuation density as in pronotum. ºutural area slightly depressed (possibly deformed postmortem), then elevated medially forming a keel. Dorsal elytral striation absent; elytral epipleuron obscured. Prosternal lobe deflexed, long, wide, rounded anteriorly. Prosternal keel with fine punctuation.Prosternalstriationindeterminableduetoairbubbles. Basal prosternal margin rounded, projecting posteriorly. Antennal cavities vaguely defined and widely open, located posterolaterally (covered by the front leg when retracted). Mesoventrite very short and wide (1: 3 ratio). Anterior margin curved posteriorly to fit the basal prosternal margin. Punctuation not apparent. Marginal mesoventral stria complete, continuous with lateral metaventral stria. Transverse mesoventral stria not visible. Metaventrite large, weakly concave, slightly elevated anterad metacoxae, without apparent punctuation. Lateral metaventral striae present and extending posterolaterad on at least anterior half. Postmesocoxal striae present and extending posteriorly. ºides of meso- and metaventrites (and abdominal ventrites) ascending laterad coxae, oblique.— -Legs: -Profemur flaưened and broad. Protibia broad and strongly curved, withsix to seven small, symmetrical teeth along the outer margin. Protarsal groove weakly developed. ºmall inner and curved median protibial spurs present. Protarsomere 5 as long as protarsomeres 1–4 combined. Protarsal claws short. Mesofemur narrower than profemur, mesotibia smooth, spur present. Terminal mesotarsomere as long as mesotarsomeres 3–4 combined. Hindleg equivalent to middle leg.— -Abdomen: -First visible abdominal sternite large, intercoxal disc almost square-shaped, with very fine, sparse punctuation (punctures separated by at least 10 times their diameter). Lateral striae strongly impressed, complete, running posterolaterad. Postmetacoxal striae present, curved along metacoxae. Other sternites with identical punctuation paưern. Pygidium strongly convex, apex subtruncate, rugose. +Body +elongate, rectangular, parallel-sided, and flattened. Cuticle sparsely punctuate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Colour black to chestnut brown.— +Head: +Frons weakly convex, finely punctuate, punctures separated by three times their diameter. Frontoclypeal suture not evident; frontal stria thin, complete.Labrum short, trapezoidal, with several pairs of prominent setae.Mouthparts retracted. Eyes not visible from above.Scape short, expanded apically, pedicel simple, as long as antennomeres 3–4 combined. Antennomeres 3–8 wide and short (width: length ratio 1.5: 1), almost rectangular. Antennal club round, dorsoventrally flattened, annuli well visible.— +Thorax: +Pronotum as wide as long (width: length ratio 1: 1), median portion of disk flat, sides curved ventrad. Anterior emarginationdeep,anterioranglesacute,convergentanteriad.Basal pronotal margin rounded. Marginal pronotal stria complete along lateral and anterior margins. Pronotum punctuate, punctures separated by two to three times their diameter.Scutellum not visible (obscured by bubbles). Elytra long and narrow, punctuation density as in pronotum. Sutural area slightly depressed (possibly deformed postmortem), then elevated medially forming a keel. Dorsal elytral striation absent; elytral epipleuron obscured. Prosternal lobe deflexed, long, wide, rounded anteriorly. Prosternal keel with fine punctuation.Prosternalstriationindeterminableduetoairbubbles. Basal prosternal margin rounded, projecting posteriorly. Antennal cavities vaguely defined and widely open, located posterolaterally (covered by the front leg when retracted). Mesoventrite very short and wide (1: 3 ratio). Anterior margin curved posteriorly to fit the basal prosternal margin. Punctuation not apparent. Marginal mesoventral stria complete, continuous with lateral metaventral stria. Transverse mesoventral stria not visible. Metaventrite large, weakly concave, slightly elevated anterad metacoxae, without apparent punctuation. Lateral metaventral striae present and extending posterolaterad on at least anterior half. Postmesocoxal striae present and extending posteriorly. Sides of meso- and metaventrites (and abdominal ventrites) ascending laterad coxae, oblique.— +Legs: +Profemur flattened and broad. Protibia broad and strongly curved, withsix to seven small, symmetrical teeth along the outer margin. Protarsal groove weakly developed. Small inner and curved median protibial spurs present. Protarsomere 5 as long as protarsomeres 1–4 combined. Protarsal claws short. Mesofemur narrower than profemur, mesotibia smooth, spur present. Terminal mesotarsomere as long as mesotarsomeres 3–4 combined. Hindleg equivalent to middle leg.— +Abdomen: +First visible abdominal sternite large, intercoxal disc almost square-shaped, with very fine, sparse punctuation (punctures separated by at least 10 times their diameter). Lateral striae strongly impressed, complete, running posterolaterad. Postmetacoxal striae present, curved along metacoxae. Other sternites with identical punctuation pattern. Pygidium strongly convex, apex subtruncate, rugose. - - -Figure 5. - -Cretomalus tibiodentatus + + + +Figure 5. + +Cretomalus tibiodentatus -gen. et sp. nov. +gen. et sp. nov. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view; C, postmetacoxal area. D, postmesocoxal area. E, front leg and antenna. Abbreviations: fs, frontal stria; las, lateral stria on first abdominal ventrite; lms, lateral metaventral stria; pl, prosternal lobe; pms, prosternomesoventral stria; pmss, postmesocoxal stria; pmts, postmetacoxal stria. - -Taxonomic assignment: + + +Taxonomic assignment: We place this species in the -Paromalini +Paromalini tribe based on the combination of the following characters ( -Ôhara 1994 +Ôhara 1994 ): broad, weakly convex frons ( -Fig. 5A -), short and wide labrum with several pairs of prominent setae, short and wide prosternal lobe, vaguely defined antennal cavities located at prosternal hypomeron, basal prosternal margin rounded and projecting posteriorly, wide, curving protibia with a laterally directed median apical spur. Ŋe position of this genus in -Paromalini +Fig. 5A +), short and wide labrum with several pairs of prominent setae, short and wide prosternal lobe, vaguely defined antennal cavities located at prosternal hypomeron, basal prosternal margin rounded and projecting posteriorly, wide, curving protibia with a laterally directed median apical spur. The position of this genus in +Paromalini is also supported by all phylogenetic analyses performed in this study. Within extant -Paromalini +Paromalini , possession of dorsal elytral striae in several genera (e.g. - -Carcinops + +Carcinops Marseul and - -Diplostix + +Diplostix Bickhardt ) is probably plesiomorphic, while their absence is apomorphic in others ( - -Paromalus + +Paromalus Erichson , - -Platylomalus + +Platylomalus Cooman ) ( - + Zhou -et al. +et al. 2020 ). - -Cretomalus tibiodentatus + +Cretomalus tibiodentatus -would appear to be more closely related to the laưer, particularly to - -Paromalus +would appear to be more closely related to the latter, particularly to + +Paromalus , with which it shares several characters: absence of prosternal striation and complete frontal stria ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A ) ( -Zhang and Zhou 2007 +Zhang and Zhou 2007 ). - -Cretomalus tibiodentatus + +Cretomalus tibiodentatus is significantly smaller than all - -Paromalus + +Paromalus species. -Ŋe serrated protibial margin ( -Fig. 5E +The serrated protibial margin ( +Fig. 5E ) is unique among the entire tribe. - -Diagnosis: -Frons weakly convex and finely punctuate, punctures separated by three times their diameter. Pronotum relatively long, punctuated with punctures separated by two to three times their diameter. Elytra without striation, punctuation with the same paưern as in pronotum. Prosternal keel with fine punctuation. Marginal mesoventral stria complete, continuous with lateral metaventral stria. Transverse mesoventral stria not visible. Lateral metaventral striae present, extending posterolaterad on at least anterior half. Postmesocoxal striae present, running posteriorly. Protibia wide and strongly curved, with six to seven small, symmetrical teeth along the outer margin. Protarsal groove weakly developed. ºmall inner and curved median protibial spurs present. ºimilarly shaped -Histeridae + + + +Diagnosis: +Frons weakly convex and finely punctuate, punctures separated by three times their diameter. Pronotum relatively long, punctuated with punctures separated by two to three times their diameter. Elytra without striation, punctuation with the same pattern as in pronotum. Prosternal keel with fine punctuation. Marginal mesoventral stria complete, continuous with lateral metaventral stria. Transverse mesoventral stria not visible. Lateral metaventral striae present, extending posterolaterad on at least anterior half. Postmesocoxal striae present, running posteriorly. Protibia wide and strongly curved, with six to seven small, symmetrical teeth along the outer margin. Protarsal groove weakly developed. Small inner and curved median protibial spurs present. Similarly shaped +Histeridae found in Burmese amber are - -Platycretus muscularis + +Platycretus muscularis -ºimon-Pražák and -Lackner, 2023 +Simon-Pražák and +Lackner, 2023 , - -Olexum complanatum + +Olexum complanatum -ºimon-Pražák and -Lackner, 2023 +Simon-Pražák and +Lackner, 2023 , and - -Druantia aeterna -Caterino, 2021 + +Druantia aeterna +Caterino, 2021 . - -Cretomalus tibiodentatus + +Cretomalus tibiodentatus can be distinguished from all of them by combination of following characters: long and narrow body (length: width 5: 2), shape of the prosterno-mesoventral suture (with a curved anteriorly pointed projection) and the state of regularly toothed protibia. - -Etymology: -Ŋe specific name refers to the unique protibial dentation. + + + +Etymology: +The specific name refers to the unique protibial dentation. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81734CAFFEBDFAE2783C.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81734CAFFEBDFAE2783C.xml index a0f1af5c1be..abee7968af4 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81734CAFFEBDFAE2783C.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170D81734CAFFEBDFAE2783C.xml @@ -1,131 +1,129 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Cretomalus + + + + + + +Cretomalus -gen. nov. +gen. nov. - - - -Type + + + +Type species: -Cretomalus tibiodentatus +Cretomalus tibiodentatus -sp. nov +sp. nov .. - -Diagnosis: -Prolonged, rectangular, parallel-sided, and flaưened body shape. Frontoclypeal area slightly convex with a complete and thin frontal stria. Labrum short and trapezoidal. Antennae with a flat and round club with two visible annuli. Astriate elytra. Basal prosternal margin rounded, projecting posteriorly. Antennal cavities are vaguely defined and widely open, located posterolaterally (covered by the front leg when retracted). Mesoventrite very short and wide (1: 3 ratio). Anterior margin curved inwards to fit the basal prosternal margin. Outer protibial margin serrated with symmetrical teeth. + + + +Diagnosis: +Prolonged, rectangular, parallel-sided, and flattened body shape. Frontoclypeal area slightly convex with a complete and thin frontal stria. Labrum short and trapezoidal. Antennae with a flat and round club with two visible annuli. Astriate elytra. Basal prosternal margin rounded, projecting posteriorly. Antennal cavities are vaguely defined and widely open, located posterolaterally (covered by the front leg when retracted). Mesoventrite very short and wide (1: 3 ratio). Anterior margin curved inwards to fit the basal prosternal margin. Outer protibial margin serrated with symmetrical teeth. - -Etymology: + + + +Etymology: ‘Creto-’ signifies the Cretaceous origin, ‘-malus’ is shared with other -Paromalini +Paromalini genera to which it is related (e.g. - -Eulomalus + +Eulomalus , - -Paromalus + +Paromalus , and - -Pachylomalus + +Pachylomalus ), masculine. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170F817F4E55F9B8FD277A0F.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170F817F4E55F9B8FD277A0F.xml index 3087a1d8344..fea2196d642 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170F817F4E55F9B8FD277A0F.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE170F817F4E55F9B8FD277A0F.xml @@ -1,218 +1,230 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Anapleus punctulatus + + + + + + +Anapleus punctulatus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ) - -Material: -Hkamti amber ( -c + + + +Material: + +Hkamti +amber ( +c . 110 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 14 × 8 × -1 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at HUM (ºEHU-0000121214). +1 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +HUM +( +SEHU-0000121214 +) + +. - -Measurements: + + + +Measurements: Head width: -0.2 mm +0.2 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.25 mm +0.25 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.6 mm +0.6 mm ; pronotal length: -0.31 mm +0.31 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.65 mm +0.65 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -0.8 mm +0.8 mm .— -Body: +Body: Rounded widest at humeri, anteriorly narrowed. Dorsal and ventral surface with dense and rugose punctuation. Lateral body margin elevated dorsally. Cuticle black, legs chestnut brown.— -Head: -Frons and clypeus punctuate (punctures separated by two to three times their diameter). Frontoclypeal area with a round concavity. Frontal and frontoclypeal striae absent. Labrum trapezoidal with several setae. Mandibles robust, with outer surfaces punctate; Head retracted, other mouthparts not observable. Antennal insertions rather broadly open to front; ºcape short, slender, only weakly widened to apex; Pedicel slender, mostly hidden; Antennomeres 3–8 simple, rounded. Antennal club round, with distinct annuli and several prominent setae.— -Ŋorax: -Pronotum convex medially. Entire pronotal disc covered with dense and rugose punctuation (punctures separated by their diameter). Basal margin rounded, slightly angularly projecting posteriorly. Pronotum bi-margined laterally, strongest lateral carina aligned with marginal elytral carina; outer marginal pronotal stria similarly carinate, narrowing and descending below inner marginal in anterior half, overlapped and invisible from above in the anterior third. ºcutellar shield obscured. Elytra with the same punctuation paưern as pronotal disc. Elytral disc slightly convex, with two weakly elevated longitudinal carinae located in medial part. Elytra carinate along the outer margin and truncate posteriorly. ºutural area elevated in posterior third forming a keel. Marginal elytral stria carinate, deeply impressed. Elytral epipleuron with two carinate striae. Prosternal lobe very short and broad with dense punctuation, with incised furrows laterally for passage of the antennal funicle; Prosternal keel broad, similarly punctate to prosternal lobe, with lateral carinae weakly converging anterad, abruptly narrowing at junction with prosternal lobe; basal prosternal margin weakly and broadly emarginate. No striation visible on prosternum. Antennal cavities widely open, located posterolaterally on prosternal sides. Mesoventrite wide, densely and coarsely punctuated. Anterior margin outwardly curved along prosternal margin. Metaventrite with a pair of lateral metaventral striae present in anterior two-thirds, extending laterally to near metepisternum. Postmesocoxal striae curved along mesocoxae. Punctures on metaventrite become sparser and larger posteriorly.— -Legs: +Head: +Frons and clypeus punctuate (punctures separated by two to three times their diameter). Frontoclypeal area with a round concavity. Frontal and frontoclypeal striae absent. Labrum trapezoidal with several setae. Mandibles robust, with outer surfaces punctate; Head retracted, other mouthparts not observable. Antennal insertions rather broadly open to front; Scape short, slender, only weakly widened to apex; Pedicel slender, mostly hidden; Antennomeres 3–8 simple, rounded. Antennal club round, with distinct annuli and several prominent setae.— +Thorax: +Pronotum convex medially. Entire pronotal disc covered with dense and rugose punctuation (punctures separated by their diameter). Basal margin rounded, slightly angularly projecting posteriorly. Pronotum bi-margined laterally, strongest lateral carina aligned with marginal elytral carina; outer marginal pronotal stria similarly carinate, narrowing and descending below inner marginal in anterior half, overlapped and invisible from above in the anterior third. Scutellar shield obscured. Elytra with the same punctuation pattern as pronotal disc. Elytral disc slightly convex, with two weakly elevated longitudinal carinae located in medial part. Elytra carinate along the outer margin and truncate posteriorly. Sutural area elevated in posterior third forming a keel. Marginal elytral stria carinate, deeply impressed. Elytral epipleuron with two carinate striae. Prosternal lobe very short and broad with dense punctuation, with incised furrows laterally for passage of the antennal funicle; Prosternal keel broad, similarly punctate to prosternal lobe, with lateral carinae weakly converging anterad, abruptly narrowing at junction with prosternal lobe; basal prosternal margin weakly and broadly emarginate. No striation visible on prosternum. Antennal cavities widely open, located posterolaterally on prosternal sides. Mesoventrite wide, densely and coarsely punctuated. Anterior margin outwardly curved along prosternal margin. Metaventrite with a pair of lateral metaventral striae present in anterior two-thirds, extending laterally to near metepisternum. Postmesocoxal striae curved along mesocoxae. Punctures on metaventrite become sparser and larger posteriorly.— +Legs: Profemur wide and flat, with a groove for protibial reception. Protibia curved with a row of short setae along the outer margin. Protibial margins slightly thickened, creating a shallow protibial groove just mediad the outer margin. Protibial spur absent. Mesofemur narrow, mesotibia very slender, with a row of short setae along inner and outer margin. Hind leg identical to middle leg. Tarsi 5-5- 5, with ultimate tarsomere similar in length to the combined tarsomeres 2–4; tarsomeres 2–4 bearing a single pair of apical setae ventrally.— -Abdomen: +Abdomen: All abdominal ventrites with dense punctuation (but finer than on thoracical ventrites). First ventrite with a pair of parallel lateral striae and a pair of curved postmetacoxal striae. Propygidium and pygidium coarsely and densely punctured. - -Taxonomic assignment: + + + +Taxonomic assignment: We place this species within the tribe -Anapleini +Anapleini based on the morphology of the protibia, as defined by -Olexa (1982) +Olexa (1982) : tarsal groove of protibia formed by marginal thickening, row of setae along the outer margin ( -Fig. 6D +Fig. 6D ). Other characters typical for -Anapleini +Anapleini include weakly defined and widely open antennal cavities and two elytral epipleural striae ( -Fig. 6B -). Ŋis species is furthermore assignable to the genus - -Anapleus +Fig. 6B +). This species is furthermore assignable to the genus + +Anapleus Horn, 1873 with which it shares the simple frontoclypeal area without striae. - - -Figure 6. - -Anapleus punctulatus + + + +Figure 6. + +Anapleus punctulatus -sp. nov +sp. nov .. A, dorsal view. B, elytral epipleuron. C, ventral view. D, frontal view. Abbreviations: ees, elytral epipleural striae; lps, lateral pronotal stria; mes, marginal elytral stria; mps, marginal prosternal stria; ms, metaventral stria. - -Differential diagnosis: + + +Differential diagnosis: Two species of -Anapleini +Anapleini have been described from the -Kachin +Kachin amber so far: - -Anapleus kachinensis - + +Anapleus kachinensis + Jiang -et al +et al ., 2022 and - -Cretanapleus seideli + +Cretanapleus seideli -ºimon-Pražák and -Lackner, 2023 +Simon-Pražák and +Lackner, 2023 . - -Cretanapleus seideli + +Cretanapleus seideli can be easily distinguished by the presence of a strongly carinate frontal stria, as well as dorsally explanate body margin. - -Anapleus punctulatus + +Anapleus punctulatus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. can be differentiated from - -Anapleus kachinensis + +Anapleus kachinensis by the more rugose and dense body punctuation, by the presence of carinate marginal pronotal and marginal elytral striae ( -Fig. 6A +Fig. 6A ), presence of a distinct lateral metaventral stria ( -Fig. 6B +Fig. 6B ), and the absence of a strong protibial spur ( -Fig. 6D +Fig. 6D ). - -Etymology: -Named asser its coarsely punctate cuticle. + + + +Etymology: +Named after its coarsely punctate cuticle. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981654C86FDE6FD4C7C92.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981654C86FDE6FD4C7C92.xml index 237c7957b3d..259e2dbe9ad 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981654C86FDE6FD4C7C92.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981654C86FDE6FD4C7C92.xml @@ -1,196 +1,207 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Placatister cascus + + + + + + +Placatister cascus -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 9 × 5 × -1 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at MEBHK (P1425/E). +1 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +MEBHK +( +P1425/E +) + +. - -Measurements: + + + +Measurements: Head width: -0.36 mm +0.36 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.56 mm +0.56 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.92 mm +0.92 mm ; pronotal length: -0.58 mm +0.58 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.8 mm +0.8 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -1.2 mm +1.2 mm .— -Body: -Round, strongly dorsoventrally flaưened (probably partially compressed). Cuticle regularly punctuate. Colour reddish brown to black.— -Head: -Frons flat, wide and punctuate, strongly, squarely margined along inner edge of each eye, with a fine stria along their inner edges continuous with a complete, transverse frontal stria. Frontoclypeal suture not visible. Epistoma constricted, medially ridged, sides receding below broad frontal shelf. Labrum trapezoidal (width: length ratio 5: 1), emarginate anteriorly, with a pair of short setae at anterolateral corners, lacking punctuation. Mandibles wide and thin, basally with weakly dentate incisor edge, and a long, acute tip. Terminal maxillary palpomere wide and round; other ventral mouthparts damaged and/or missing. Antenna inserted under frontal shelf, strongly dorsoventrally flaưened, possibly partially compressed. ºcape short, widened, and curved to apex. Pedicel wide, subcylindrical, as long as antennomeres 3–5 combined. Antennomeres 3–7 similar in shape and size, short, wider than long (width: length ratio 3: 1). Antennomere 8 adjacent to the antennal club, 2.5× wider than antennomere 7. Antennomeres 9–11 form a wide, flat, and round antennal club with well-defined sutures.— -Ŋorax: -Pronotal disc flat. Anterior margin widely emarginate, with fine marginal pronotal stria; not evident on lateral or basal margins. Basal margin broadly rounded, almost angularly projecting. ºurface of pronotal disc densely punctuate, punctures separated by 1–2× their diameter. ºcutellar shield not visible, obscured by bubbles. Elytra truncate, without dorsal striation, epipleural stria complete; elytral disc appears weakly depressed in humeral corners (possibly due to damage). Elytral punctuation with the same paưern as in pronotum. Prosternal lobe rather short, subtruncate anteriorly, set off from keel by pair of deep, setose foveae, weakly conjoined at their bases; prosternal keel flat, short, abruptly descending at front into two large approximate prosternal foveae, with fine longitudinal striae; finely punctate between; sides of prosternum widely incised for passage of antennal funicle, with deep channel reaching middle of base of prosternal keel; sides of prosternal keel appear concave. Mesoventrite wide and short, obscured by bubbles, probably finely punctuated. Meso-metaventral suture visible as a fine line. Metaventrite punctuate, with lateral metaventral stria directed posterolaterally to hind coxae. Other striation not visible. Metepisternum broadly exposed, rectangular.— -Legs: -Profemur flaưed, slightly widened. Protibia narrow and smooth, without dentation, few longer setae present along inner apical edge, without tibial spur. Tarsal groove present as an impressed line on the outer edge (along the entire protibial length). Tarsi 5-5-5; protarsomere 5 as long as protarsomeres 2–4 combined. Claws well developed, about half the length of protarsomere 5. Mesofemur swollen, mesotibia narrow. Ŋree prominent setae can be seen in the median part of the less mesotibial outer margin. Mesotarsus identical to protarsus. Metafemur slender, slightly curved and swollen in the median part. Metatibia slender, with a couple stronger spines at outer apical corner; metatarsus identical to protarsus.— -Abdomen: +Body: +Round, strongly dorsoventrally flattened (probably partially compressed). Cuticle regularly punctuate. Colour reddish brown to black.— +Head: +Frons flat, wide and punctuate, strongly, squarely margined along inner edge of each eye, with a fine stria along their inner edges continuous with a complete, transverse frontal stria. Frontoclypeal suture not visible. Epistoma constricted, medially ridged, sides receding below broad frontal shelf. Labrum trapezoidal (width: length ratio 5: 1), emarginate anteriorly, with a pair of short setae at anterolateral corners, lacking punctuation. Mandibles wide and thin, basally with weakly dentate incisor edge, and a long, acute tip. Terminal maxillary palpomere wide and round; other ventral mouthparts damaged and/or missing. Antenna inserted under frontal shelf, strongly dorsoventrally flattened, possibly partially compressed. Scape short, widened, and curved to apex. Pedicel wide, subcylindrical, as long as antennomeres 3–5 combined. Antennomeres 3–7 similar in shape and size, short, wider than long (width: length ratio 3: 1). Antennomere 8 adjacent to the antennal club, 2.5× wider than antennomere 7. Antennomeres 9–11 form a wide, flat, and round antennal club with well-defined sutures.— +Thorax: +Pronotal disc flat. Anterior margin widely emarginate, with fine marginal pronotal stria; not evident on lateral or basal margins. Basal margin broadly rounded, almost angularly projecting. Surface of pronotal disc densely punctuate, punctures separated by 1–2× their diameter. Scutellar shield not visible, obscured by bubbles. Elytra truncate, without dorsal striation, epipleural stria complete; elytral disc appears weakly depressed in humeral corners (possibly due to damage). Elytral punctuation with the same pattern as in pronotum. Prosternal lobe rather short, subtruncate anteriorly, set off from keel by pair of deep, setose foveae, weakly conjoined at their bases; prosternal keel flat, short, abruptly descending at front into two large approximate prosternal foveae, with fine longitudinal striae; finely punctate between; sides of prosternum widely incised for passage of antennal funicle, with deep channel reaching middle of base of prosternal keel; sides of prosternal keel appear concave. Mesoventrite wide and short, obscured by bubbles, probably finely punctuated. Meso-metaventral suture visible as a fine line. Metaventrite punctuate, with lateral metaventral stria directed posterolaterally to hind coxae. Other striation not visible. Metepisternum broadly exposed, rectangular.— +Legs: +Profemur flatted, slightly widened. Protibia narrow and smooth, without dentation, few longer setae present along inner apical edge, without tibial spur. Tarsal groove present as an impressed line on the outer edge (along the entire protibial length). Tarsi 5-5-5; protarsomere 5 as long as protarsomeres 2–4 combined. Claws well developed, about half the length of protarsomere 5. Mesofemur swollen, mesotibia narrow. Three prominent setae can be seen in the median part of the left mesotibial outer margin. Mesotarsus identical to protarsus. Metafemur slender, slightly curved and swollen in the median part. Metatibia slender, with a couple stronger spines at outer apical corner; metatarsus identical to protarsus.— +Abdomen: First visible abdominal sternite without visible striation. All visible abdominal sclerites finely punctuated. Propygidium very short, almost entirely covered by elytra. Pygidium weakly convex, about two-thirds as long as wide. - - -Figure 12. - -Placatister cascus + + + +Figure 12. + +Placatister cascus -gen. et sp. nov +gen. et sp. nov .. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D, antennal club. E, mouthparts. F, frontal view. G, prosternal keel. H, antenna. Abbreviations: ees, elytral epipleural stria; fs, frontal stria; pf, prosternal foveae. - -Taxonomic assignment: -Ŋe species displays several highly plesiomorphic characters, such as the absence of a prosternal lobe and antennal cavity, as well as in the shape of the antennal club with distinct segments ( -Fig. 12D -). Ŋe flaưened antenna with wide and short antennomeres 3–7 is especially unique among the entire -Histeridae + + +Taxonomic assignment: +The species displays several highly plesiomorphic characters, such as the absence of a prosternal lobe and antennal cavity, as well as in the shape of the antennal club with distinct segments ( +Fig. 12D +). The flattened antenna with wide and short antennomeres 3–7 is especially unique among the entire +Histeridae family. Prosternal structure, and particularly the prosternal foveae ( -Fig. 12B, G -), are plausibly similar to those of some ºaprininae (e.g. - -Tomogenius +Fig. 12B, G +), are plausibly similar to those of some Saprininae (e.g. + +Tomogenius ) ( -Lackner 2010 -). Nevertheless, the homology of these structures is highly unlikely. Ŋe presence (if true) of an antennal receptacle along the sides of the prosternal keel would also be similar to that of ºaprininae. However, other characters, such as the distinctly sutured antennal club ( -Fig. 12D -), flaưened body shape ( -Fig. 12C +Lackner 2010 +). Nevertheless, the homology of these structures is highly unlikely. The presence (if true) of an antennal receptacle along the sides of the prosternal keel would also be similar to that of Saprininae. However, other characters, such as the distinctly sutured antennal club ( +Fig. 12D +), flattened body shape ( +Fig. 12C ), and simple leg shape with slender tibiae without denticles ( -Fig. 12B -), would be incompatible with this placement. Ŋe phylogenetic analyses did not resolve the position of this taxon, as it nested in various positions throughout the -Histeridae -tree (but outside the ºaprininae and Histeromorphae clades). Ŋis species most likely represents a primitive stem lineage of -Histeridae +Fig. 12B +), would be incompatible with this placement. The phylogenetic analyses did not resolve the position of this taxon, as it nested in various positions throughout the +Histeridae +tree (but outside the Saprininae and Histeromorphae clades). This species most likely represents a primitive stem lineage of +Histeridae , but a subfamily or tribal assignment is impossible based on the observable characters. - -Diagnosis: -Head with a complete frontal stria. Antennomeres short and wide, antennae dorsoventrally flaưened. Prosternal process with a pair of setose foveae in apical part and with concave sides. Cuticle dorsally and ventrally punctuate. Legs narrow and smooth. Ŋe species may remotely resemble the flat - -Olexum complanatum + + + +Diagnosis: +Head with a complete frontal stria. Antennomeres short and wide, antennae dorsoventrally flattened. Prosternal process with a pair of setose foveae in apical part and with concave sides. Cuticle dorsally and ventrally punctuate. Legs narrow and smooth. The species may remotely resemble the flat + +Olexum complanatum or the round-bodied species of - -Anapleus + +Anapleus . It is distinguished by the wide and segmented antennal club and the wide and short segmented flagellum. - -Etymology: -Ŋis species represents a plesiomorphic set of characters, and the species’ name ‘cascus’ means ancient/primitive. + + + +Etymology: +This species represents a plesiomorphic set of characters, and the species’ name ‘cascus’ means ancient/primitive. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981674CA4FF1FFC0E7929.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981674CA4FF1FFC0E7929.xml index c4a02519c57..078572f8033 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981674CA4FF1FFC0E7929.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171981674CA4FF1FFC0E7929.xml @@ -1,118 +1,116 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Placatister + + + + + + +Placatister -gen. nov. +gen. nov. - - - -Type + + + +Type species. -Placatister cascus +Placatister cascus -sp. nov +sp. nov .. - -Diagnosis: -Round and flat body shape. Head with a complete frontal stria. Antennomeres short and wide, antennae dorsoventrally flaưened. Antennal club segmented. Antennal cavities occluded. Prosternal process with a pair of setose foveae in apical part and with concave sides. Legs narrow and smooth. + + + +Diagnosis: +Round and flat body shape. Head with a complete frontal stria. Antennomeres short and wide, antennae dorsoventrally flattened. Antennal club segmented. Antennal cavities occluded. Prosternal process with a pair of setose foveae in apical part and with concave sides. Legs narrow and smooth. - -Etymology: + + + +Etymology: Masculine, derived from the Czech word ‘placatý’ meaning flat. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81634C90FD52FC0F7BC9.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81634C90FD52FC0F7BC9.xml index 7da497b3417..049de95a35e 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81634C90FD52FC0F7BC9.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81634C90FD52FC0F7BC9.xml @@ -1,211 +1,224 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Miculissima excavata + + + + + + +Miculissima excavata -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - - - + + + ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 ) - -Material: -Kachin + + + +Material: + +Kachin amber ( -c +c . 99 Mya). Amber piece dimensions: 9 × 25 × -2 mm -. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at HUM (ºEHU-0000121230). +2 mm +. Amber clear with several insect fragments and air bubbles. Deposited at +HUM +( +SEHU-0000121230 +) + +. - -Measurements: + + + +Measurements: Head width: -0.24 mm +0.24 mm ; width between anterior pronotal angles: -0.26 mm +0.26 mm ; width between posterior pronotal angles: -0.46 mm +0.46 mm ; pronotal length: -0.22 mm +0.22 mm ; sutural elytral length: -0.6 mm +0.6 mm ; elytral width (in pair, across widest point): -0.54 mm +0.54 mm .— -Body: +Body: Oval and elongate. Dorsal cuticle glabrous with irregular longitudinaldeformationsintherightside.Colourreddishbrown to black.— -Head: +Head: Frons smooth, flat, and wide, slightly elevated above antennal bases. Frontal stria absent. Clypeus convex, elevated along midline, truncate apically. Labrum short and wide, rounded apically, with a prominent seta on each side. Mandibles mostly retracted. Terminal maxillary palpomere swollen at base, pointed apically, slightly concave on inner margin, 4× as long as maxillary palpomere 3. Maxillary palpomere 2 twice as long as palpomere 3. Terminal labial palpomere oblong, widest medially. Antennal scape simple, slightly curved. Pedicel slender, as long as antennomeres 3–4; Antennomeres 3–8 equal in shape and length, simple square shaped, widening slightly from 3 to 8. Antennal club round, undivided, but with two setose, outwardly arcuate annuli. Eyes convex, coarsely faceted, well visible from above.— -Ŋorax: -Pronotal disc smooth, slightly convex. Basal pronotal margin widely angular. Posterolateral pronotal corners curved and pointed posteriorly. Right-half of pronotal disc is irregularly deformed. Marginal pronotal stria present, complete. Lateral pronotal stria present, marginal bead elevated. ºcutellar shield tiny, triangular. Elytra smooth, elongate, slightly convex, with very fine, scratch-like striae at outer base. Right elytron irregularly deformed. Epipleural stria not apparent. Wings present (visible extending beyond elytra). Prosternum short and wide, with a very short prosternal lobe; prosternum incised at sides for passage of antennal funicle; antennal cavity widely open beneath (prosternal alae absent). Prosternal keel weakly emarginate at base, obscured by debris. Mesoventrite smooth and relatively narrow (length: width ratio 1: 2), weakly produced anteriorly, without striae. Mesometaventral suture visible as a thin line. Metaventrite slightly concave medially. Lateral metaventral stria present in anterior third of the metaventral disc, curved laterally extending to metepisternum, which is narrow, but exposed over its entire length.— -Legs: +Thorax: +Pronotal disc smooth, slightly convex. Basal pronotal margin widely angular. Posterolateral pronotal corners curved and pointed posteriorly. Right-half of pronotal disc is irregularly deformed. Marginal pronotal stria present, complete. Lateral pronotal stria present, marginal bead elevated. Scutellar shield tiny, triangular. Elytra smooth, elongate, slightly convex, with very fine, scratch-like striae at outer base. Right elytron irregularly deformed. Epipleural stria not apparent. Wings present (visible extending beyond elytra). Prosternum short and wide, with a very short prosternal lobe; prosternum incised at sides for passage of antennal funicle; antennal cavity widely open beneath (prosternal alae absent). Prosternal keel weakly emarginate at base, obscured by debris. Mesoventrite smooth and relatively narrow (length: width ratio 1: 2), weakly produced anteriorly, without striae. Mesometaventral suture visible as a thin line. Metaventrite slightly concave medially. Lateral metaventral stria present in anterior third of the metaventral disc, curved laterally extending to metepisternum, which is narrow, but exposed over its entire length.— +Legs: Profemur carinate, with a row of tiny setae along inner margin and a simple groove for protibial reception. Protibia dilated in apical two-thirds, with a simple tarsal groove, with several minute setae apically on inner margin; outer protibial margin smooth, but with a couple spines near the widest part of tibia. Protibia apical margin oblique, lacking apical spurs; Mesofemur slender, swollen medially. Mesotibia widened (slightly less than protibia), gradually expanding apically with a simple tarsal groove and a tiny tibial spur. Meso- and metatarsi similar to protarsus. Metafemur long and slender. Metatibia very slightly widened to apex, with minute setae in apical half of inner margin and a small tibial spur. Tarsi 5-5-5, all basal tarsomeres bearing a prominent pair of apical setae beneath, some with sparse secondary setae as well; protarsus simple, terminal tarsomere as long as tarsomeres 2–4 combined. Mesotarsus similar in shape. Metatarsomere 1 shortened, half of the length of metatarsomere 2.— -Abdomen: +Abdomen: First abdominal ventrite smooth, with two widely separated parallel lateral striae, posterior margin widely emarginate. Pygidium smooth. - - -Figure 13. - -Miculissima excavata + + + +Figure 13. + +Miculissima excavata -gen. et sp. nov +gen. et sp. nov .. A, dorsal view. B, frontal view. C, ventral view. D, lateral view. E, lateral view. Abbreviations: aca, antennal cavity; acl, antennal club; ga, galea; lp, labial palpus; ls, labral setae; mp, maxillary palpus; pl, prosternal lobe. - -Taxonomic assignment: -Ŋe absence of a distinct pronotal lobe, minute body size, and simple legs would suggest a relation to - + + +Taxonomic assignment: +The absence of a distinct pronotal lobe, minute body size, and simple legs would suggest a relation to + Abraeinae ( -Wenzel 1944 +Wenzel 1944 ) . Labrum with two prominent lateral setae ( -Fig. 13D +Fig. 13D ) and convex eyes ( -Fig. 13E -) are also typical among the subfamily. Ŋe species exhibits a distinctly annulate antennal club ( -Fig. 13C +Fig. 13E +) are also typical among the subfamily. The species exhibits a distinctly annulate antennal club ( +Fig. 13C )—a plesiomorphy found within -Abraeinae +Abraeinae only in -Acritomorphini +Acritomorphini ( -Wenzel 1944 +Wenzel 1944 , -Mazur 1997 -). Ŋe excavate and sculptured pronotal hypomeron ( -Fig. 13D, E +Mazur 1997 +). The excavate and sculptured pronotal hypomeron ( +Fig. 13D, E ) is unlike any in recent -Histeridae -taxa. Ŋe phylogenetic analyses did not resolve the position of this taxon and placed it either as sister to all -Abraeinae +Histeridae +taxa. The phylogenetic analyses did not resolve the position of this taxon and placed it either as sister to all +Abraeinae or to all -Histeridae +Histeridae excl. -Abraeinae +Abraeinae and -Antigracilinae -. Ŋus, a subfamily placement is unclear. +Antigracilinae +. Thus, a subfamily placement is unclear. - -Diagnosis: -Glabrous surface. Frons flat, wide, clypeus convex, labrum short and wide, with a pair of prominent setae laterally. Eyes convex. Pronotum widely angular posteriorly, with complete marginal stria and a lateral pronotal stria. Prosternal hypomeron widely excavate and irregularly structured, with a weakly defined antennal cavity. Tibiae simple, slightly widened, with several spines. Ŋe species may resemble small abraeines found in Burmese amber—herein described - -Palaeabraeus glabrus + + + +Diagnosis: +Glabrous surface. Frons flat, wide, clypeus convex, labrum short and wide, with a pair of prominent setae laterally. Eyes convex. Pronotum widely angular posteriorly, with complete marginal stria and a lateral pronotal stria. Prosternal hypomeron widely excavate and irregularly structured, with a weakly defined antennal cavity. Tibiae simple, slightly widened, with several spines. The species may resemble small abraeines found in Burmese amber—herein described + +Palaeabraeus glabrus and - -Pseudacritus extinctus + +Pseudacritus extinctus . It is distinguishable from both by the more prolonged body shape and the strongly excavated hypomeron. - -Etymology: -Ŋe Latin adjective ‘excavata’ refers to the excavate hypomeron. + + + +Etymology: +The Latin adjective ‘excavata’ refers to the excavate hypomeron. - -Additional reports + + + +Additional reports -ºome additional newly discovered specimens have shed light on characters poorly or not at all visible in previously published reports, or have expanded the spatial and temporal range in the fossil record: +Some additional newly discovered specimens have shed light on characters poorly or not at all visible in previously published reports, or have expanded the spatial and temporal range in the fossil record: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81654CACFF6EFB3879DD.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81654CACFF6EFB3879DD.xml index 4388618e75a..c68c93be2c8 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81654CACFF6EFB3879DD.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171B81654CACFF6EFB3879DD.xml @@ -1,118 +1,116 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Miculissima + + + + + + +Miculissima -gen. nov. +gen. nov. - - - -Type + + + +Type species. -Miculissima excavata +Miculissima excavata -sp. nov +sp. nov .. - -Diagnosis: -Tiny body size, body oval-shaped and glabrous. Frons flat, wide, clypeus convex, labrum short and wide, with a pair of prominent setae laterally. Antennal club round with two distinct annuli. Eyes convex. Pronotum widely angular posteriorly, with complete marginal stria and a lateral pronotal stria. ºcutellar shield tiny, triangular. Prosternal hypomeron widely excavate and irregularly structured, with a weakly defined antennal cavity. Prosternum with fissures for antennal passage. Prosternal process short, without prosternal lobe, slightly emarginate posteriorly. Tibiae simple, slightly widened, with several spines. + + + +Diagnosis: +Tiny body size, body oval-shaped and glabrous. Frons flat, wide, clypeus convex, labrum short and wide, with a pair of prominent setae laterally. Antennal club round with two distinct annuli. Eyes convex. Pronotum widely angular posteriorly, with complete marginal stria and a lateral pronotal stria. Scutellar shield tiny, triangular. Prosternal hypomeron widely excavate and irregularly structured, with a weakly defined antennal cavity. Prosternum with fissures for antennal passage. Prosternal process short, without prosternal lobe, slightly emarginate posteriorly. Tibiae simple, slightly widened, with several spines. - -Etymology: + + + +Etymology: Feminine, derived from the Latin noun ‘mica’ which translates as crumb, grain or morsel. diff --git a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171D81634C2AFF4AFC7C7912.xml b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171D81634C2AFF4AFC7C7912.xml index 3ae37630da0..137c1c7afa1 100644 --- a/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171D81634C2AFF4AFC7C7912.xml +++ b/data/03/8C/87/038C87BE171D81634C2AFF4AFC7C7912.xml @@ -1,126 +1,117 @@ - - - -A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) + + + +A bonanza of Cretaceous fossils provides insights into the evolution of antennal protection in clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) - - -Author + + +Author -Jan +Simon-Pražák, Jan +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic +j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz - - -Author + + +Author -ºimon-Pražák -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 03 Hradec Králové 3, Czech Republic -j.prazak@muzeumhk.cz +Yamamoto, Shûhei +The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan - - -Author + + +Author -Yamamoto -Ŋe Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, ºapporo 060 - 0810, Japan +Lackner, Tomáš +Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland - - -Author + + +Author -Lackner, Tomáš -Department of Environmental ºystems ºcience, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56, 8092 Zürich, ºwitzerland +Fikáček, Martin +Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Fikáček, Martin -Department of Biological ºciences, National ºun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740 CZ- 19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic +Prokop, Jakub +Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic & Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States - - -Author + + +Author -Prokop, Jakub -Charles University, Faculty of ºcience, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic +Caterino, Michael S - - -Author - -Michael - - - -Author - -Caterino -Department of Plant and Environmental ºciences, Clemson University, Clemson, ºC 29634, United ºtates - -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2024 - -2024-11-20 + +2024 + +zlae 137 - -202 + +2024-11-20 - -3 + +202 + +3 + + +1 +28 + - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -journal volume -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 -0024-4082 -9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae137 +0024-4082 +9059AA2-5086-46AD-85C6-DBDA56CA72E0 - - - - - - -Amplectister tenax + + + + + + +Amplectister tenax Caterino and -Maddison, 2018 +Maddison, 2018 - - - + + + ( -Fig. 14A, D +Fig. 14A, D ) - - -Ŋe first abdominal ventrite is more clearly visible in this specimen ( -HUM + +The first abdominal ventrite is more clearly visible in this specimen ( +HUM : -HU0000121211 +HU0000121211 ) than in previously available material (i.e. the -holotype -). Ŋe steep lateral flanges are partially formed by a very dense aggregation of long setae stuck together ( -Fig. 14D +holotype +). The steep lateral flanges are partially formed by a very dense aggregation of long setae stuck together ( +Fig. 14D ), whereas in the original description setae were mentioned as occurring only distally on these ridges (Caterino and -Maddison 2018 -) - -. +Maddison 2018 +). diff --git a/data/03/A2/5F/03A25F44B81AFFF36480E6445BD0FF5C.xml b/data/03/A2/5F/03A25F44B81AFFF36480E6445BD0FF5C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8e28cbdbdc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A2/5F/03A25F44B81AFFF36480E6445BD0FF5C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ + + + +Gastrodia indica (Orchidaceae: Gastrodieae), a new completely cleistogamous holomycotrophic species from India + + + +Author + +Khanal, Madhusudhan +Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6 mile, Samdur, Gangtok, Sikkim (737102), India & G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang (737101), Gangtok, Sikkim, India + + + +Author + +Sarkar, Shuvadip +0000-0001-9413-2749 +Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah- 711103, West Bengal +shuvadipsarkar.10@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Sarkar, Kingsuk +0009-0008-5642-0422 +Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gangtok- 737102, Sikkim, India +kingsuk1995@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Chhetri, Prakash +0009-0000-8892-300X +G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang (737101), Gangtok, Sikkim, India +chhetri.pr8950@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Rai, Santosh Kumar +0000-0003-0821-2879 +Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6 mile, Samdur, Gangtok, Sikkim (737102), India +skrai@cus.ac.in + + + +Author + +Kumar, Devendra +0000-0001-7184-5455 +G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), North-East Regional Centre, Chandranagar, Itanagar (791113), Arunachal Pradesh, India +devendrawii@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Rawat, Sandeep +0000-0001-7991-2878 +G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang (737101), Gangtok, Sikkim, India +Sandeep_rawat15@rediffmail.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-15 + + +663 + + +1 + + +26 +32 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.3 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.3 +1179-3163 +14515997 + + + + + + + +Gastrodia indica +M. Khanal + +, + +sp. nov +. + +( +Figs. 1–2 +) + + + + + + + +Type:— +INDIA +. + + +Sikkim +: +Gangtok +, +Pangthang +, + +2015 m + +, 21.09.202 3, +27°21’54.16’’ N +, +88°34’06.07’’ E +, + +M +. Khanal + +90345a [ +Holotype +CAL +] + +; + + +M +. Khanal + +90345b [ +Isotype +BSHC +] + +; + +23.09.202 3, + +M +. Khanal + +90346 [ +Paratype +Sikkim +University Herbarium] + +. + + + + +Description: +Holomycotrophic terrestrial herb, +45 cm +to more than +1 m +tall. Rhizome 4.2–5.5 × +1–1.3 cm +, horizontally placed, brownish, tuberous, fleshy, cylindrical, sparsely to densely pubescent with minute triangular scales with ciliate margins. Roots +1–1.1 mm +dia., slender, filliform, few, arising from the base of the rhizome, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, up to +94 cm +tall, erect, glabrous; peduncle +35–60 cm +tall, erect, stout, 4–7 nodded towards base, each node enclosed with single membranous sheathing bract, sheathing bracts 0.5–0.6 × +0.9–1 cm +, glabrous, 7–10 veined; rachis +10–30 cm +tall, with laxly arranged 7–22 flowers. Floral bracts 0.6–0.7 × +0.2–0.4 cm +, brownish, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, entire, slightly cymbiform, 3-veined, glabrous, caducous. Flowers +1.7–2.1 cm +long, erect, completely cleistogamous, brownish, urceolate, sparsely verrucose throughout the outer surface, slightly recurved, foul smelling when dissected; sepals brownish, petals whitish-brown, labellum & column white. Pedicel and ovary 0.8–1.1 × 0.2– +0.25 cm +, brownish, ovary portion slightly ribbed, pedicel not elongating during capsule maturation. Dorsal sepal 0.8–1.1 × +0.35–0.4 cm +, obtuse, undulate to entire, slightly incurved and thickened, slightly verrucose, little broarder than the lateral sepals, connate 4/5 +th +to petals, glabrous. Lateral sepals 0.8–1.1 × +0.2–0.3 cm +, obtuse, entire to undulate, connate with each other for more than 3/4 +th +of their length, slightly thickened, sparsely verrucose outside, glabrous. Petals ca. 0.1 × +0.1–0.2 cm +, ovate to oblong with crisped margins, obtuse, membranous. Labellum 0.35–0.4 × +0.15–0.2 cm +, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, margins crisped to irregularly denticulate and slightly reflexed inwards, 5-nerved, base with short stalk attached to the base of coulmn; disc with 4 keels, a pair of centrally placed whitish keel arising from the hypochile which raised abruptly towards apex and other pair of shorter adjacent keel placed laterally & base of the hypochile with a pair of whitish, globose subsessile calli. Column 0.4–0.45 × +0.1–0.12 cm +, slightly bent, cymbiform, glabrous; columnar wings slightly broader at the middle gradually narrowing towards the truncate apex and slightly curved inwards terminating into a pair of shortly pointed stelidia which is parallel to the anther cap; column foot absent. Rostellum absent. Stigma glossy, placed at the base of the column. Anther cap 2-chambered, dome shaped, 0.6–0.7 × +0.5–0.6 mm +. Pollinia 2, globose, mealy to granular, whitish. Capsule 0.8–1.3 × +0.4–0.5 cm +, attached to a non-elongating pedicel. + + + + +FIGURE 1. +A. Habit photograph of the plant in flowering stage; B. Close up photos of a single flower; C. Fruiting stages. + + + + +Etymology: +The new species is named after the country of discovery— +India +, as it is the first cleistogamous species of the genus + +Gastrodia + +discovered from +India +. + + +Phenology: +Flowering and fruiting—September to October. + + + + +Distribution: +India (Sikkim) +[ +Endemic +]. + + +Habitat: +Holomycotroph, found growing on dense rotten leaf litter in temperate deciduous oak forest associated with + +Magnolia doltsopa + +, + +Acer campbelli + +, + +Quercus lamellosa + +& + +Lithocarpus pachyphyllus + +; elevation of +1950–2100 m +above msl. (Fig-1). + + +Conservation status: +Less than 100 individuals in flowering and fruiting stages were observed in the +type +habitat. As the +type +habitat is a long term ecological monitoring site, hence a limited anthropogenic disturbance probably resulted in a luxuriant growth of this extremely elusive species. Similar habitats in and around the +type +locality were surveyed but no population could be traced. It can be assumed that the new species being a holomycotroph is extremely sensitive to any anthropogenic pressure, hence any disturbance or changes in habitat could result in the loss of the species. + + + +FIGURE 2. +Photoplate of + +Gastrodia indica + +. A. Habit; B. Close up photo of rhizome; C–E. Flowers in different view; F. Floral bract; G1–G2. Opened up and spread perianth tube (Dorsal & ventral view); H1–H3. Labellum in different view; I1. Column with labellum (Different view); I2 –I3. Column (Front and side view); J1 –J2. Anther Cap (Dorsal & ventral view) + + + +Species comparison: + +Gastrodia indica shows +morphological affinities with +G. exilis +and +G. dyeriana +. Detailed comparisons between them have been provided in the table below to aid in easy identification. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C8/87/03C887A1FF80D606FF7DFABDA512E2AF.xml b/data/03/C8/87/03C887A1FF80D606FF7DFABDA512E2AF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..33b76a538cd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C8/87/03C887A1FF80D606FF7DFABDA512E2AF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ + + + +Curcuma ungmensis (Zingiberaceae): a new species from Nagaland, North-East India + + + +Author + +Sabu, Mamiyil +0000-0002-2025-349X +msabu9@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran +0000-0001-5474-277X +hareeshhariz@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Tiatemsu, Punatemjen +0000-0001-9733-5939 +KSCSTE-Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences, Calicut- 673014, Kerala, India & Department of Botany, Fazl Ali College, Mokokchung- 798 601, Nagaland, India & KSCSTE-Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences, Calicut- 673014, Kerala, India +tiamolier@fac.ac.in + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-20 + + +663 + + +2 + + +90 +94 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.4 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.4 +1179-3163 +14515941 + + + + + + +Curcuma ungmensis +M.Sabu, Hareesh and P.Tiatemsu + + +sp. nov. + +( +Fig. 1 +) + + + + + + +C. ungmensis + +is similar to + +C. inodora +Blatter (1931: 357) + +in the general habit, white bracts with purple tinge at the tip, purple corolla lobes and yellow flowers but differs from the latter by its large branched rhizome (vs. small unbranched, ovoid), and flowers up to +5.9 cm +long (vs. up to +4 cm +long). + + + + +Type +:— + +INDIA +. +Nagaland +: +Mokokchung district +, three kms towards +Tuensang +, +Ungma Village +, +26° 18' 15'' N +, +94° 30' 31'' E +, + +1173 m + +, + +03 September 2023 + +, + +M +. Sabu, +V +. +S +. Hareesh & +P +.Tiatemsu 19599 +MBGH + +( +holotype +MBGH +; +isotype +ASSAM +) + +. + + +Rhizomatous herb, +65–90 cm +tall. Rhizome with lateral branches, 12–13.5 × +4–5 cm +, deeply buried in the ground, older rhizomes brown externally, younger ones white, glabrous, sheathed by papery scales, white or pale yellow internally, faintly aromatic, fleshy roots end in ovoid root tubers. Leafy shoot +35–80 cm +long, leaves +2–3 in +number. Pseudostem +10–13 cm +long, deeply buried in the soil, formed by leaf sheaths and 2–3 sheathing bracts; ligule absent or very short; petiole +25–30 cm +long, green, glabrous; lamina ovate-elliptical, 38–42 × +16–18 cm +, apex acuminate, margin hyaline, translucent white, shortly hairy, base acute to acuminate, adaxially light green, prominent veins quite closely arranged, c. +5 mm +apart, abaxially pale green, puberulent, midrib green, glabrous. Inflorescence central. Peduncle 11–23 × 0.8–1.0 cm, white, glabrous, hidden in pseudostem. Spike 13–19 × +4–5 cm +, 16–23 fertile bracts and 10–13 coma bracts. Fertile bracts ovate-elliptical, 3–3.5 × +2.7–3 cm +, lower half fused with the axis, white with light purple color towards tip, glabrous on both surfaces, slightly acuminate at tip. Coma bracts more linear than fertile ones, obovatelanceolate, 4–4.2 × +1.5–1.6 cm +, white with purple tinge towards margin and tip, glabrous, tip slightly acute. Cincinnus 3-flowered. Bracteole single per flower, 1.2–2 × +0.5–0.7 cm +, hyaline, translucent white, glabrous, apex mucronate. Flowers 5.5–5.9 × +1.4–1.6 cm +, almost double the size of floral bracts. Calyx +10–11 mm +long, 3-toothed, +1–2 mm +deep, white, pubescent outside. Corolla tube +4–4.3 cm +long, yellow, sometimes tinged with pink or yellow towards lobes, glabrous; dorsal corolla lobe broadly triangular, 1.8–2 × +1–1.2 cm +, mucronate at apex, mucro +3–4 mm +long, white with a pink tinge towards tip, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes 1.1–1.2 × +0.8–0.9 cm +, glabrous, purple, apex slightly acute. Lateral staminodes oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse, 1.6–1.8 × +0.6–0.7 cm +, usually pale yellow with white towards base. Labellum 2.4–2.5 × +1.3–1.5 cm +, tip emarginate, split +4–5 mm +deep, deep yellow band at middle, light yellow towards base and margins. Anther spurred, anther thecae whitish, +6–7 mm +long; filament +6–8 mm +long, yellow, +3–4 mm +broad at base, +c. +2 mm +broad at upper part; spur +3–3.5 mm +long, white, pointing forward, glabrous. Ovary trilocular, 4–5 × +2.5–3 mm +, densely hairy; stigma appressed within lobes, +1–2 mm +long, white, mouth hairy. Epigynous glands 2, 2.5–3 × +0.5–0.7 mm +, yellow. Fruit not seen. + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Curcuma ungmensis +sp. nov. + +A. Habit; B. Inflorescence; C. Rhizome; D. C.S. of rhizome; E. Fertile bract; F. Coma bract; G. Bracteole; H. Flower; I. Calyx; J. Dorsal corolla lobe; K1 & K2. Lateral corolla lobes; L1 & L2. Lateral staminodes; M. Labellum; N. Anther lateral-view; O. Anther front-view; P. Ovary with epigynous glands; Q. Ovary. (Photos by M. Sabu & V.S. Hareesh). + + + +Flowering +:—Flowering starts in the rainy season of August and lasts up to October and the plants enter dormancy in January. Flowers open in the morning and last a single day. Inflorescence centrally amidst leaves. + + + + +Distribution, conservation and biotic association +:—The plant was found along roadside in the Ungma Village of Mokokchung district of +Nagaland +, +ie +., about three kms. from the Mokokchung Town towards Tuensang. So far known only from the +type +locality and adjacent areas on east facing slopes. Preliminary observations have shown that more than 1000 individuals are present in this locality. This species faces a severe threat from various human activities such as road widening, construction of buildings, urbanization and natural calamities. The dominant tree species in that area is + +Quercus serrata +Murray (1784: 858) + +with occasional mix of + +Urena lobata +Linnaeus (1753: 692) + +, + +Kaempferia rotunda +Linnaeus (1753: 3) + +, + +Bidens pilosa +Linnaeus (1753: 832) + +, + +Colocasia +sp. + +, etc. forms a dominant ground vegetation. + + +Uses +:—The attractive colour of the inflorescence makes this a good candidate as cut flower. It can be introduced in gardens as an ornamental plant for ground cover after proper domestication. + + + + +Etymology +:—The specific epithet + +‘ +ungmensis + +’ refers to the name of the village Ungma where the +type +materials were collected. + + +Notes +:—The new species + +C. ungmensis + +is most allied to + +C. inodora +Blatter (1931: 357) + +, a species commonly distributed along the Western Ghats in Goa, +Maharashtra +and +Karnataka +. The most prominent difference between these two species lies in the flowers and rhizomes. The rhizome in + +C. ungmensis + +is branched and much larger against small, unbranched and conical rhizome in the latter. A detailed comparison of these two species are given in +Table 1 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/C8/87/03C887A2FF985050FED66999FD0CF94F.xml b/data/03/C8/87/03C887A2FF985050FED66999FD0CF94F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d8e44879896 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/C8/87/03C887A2FF985050FED66999FD0CF94F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ + + + +Ovicillium sinense, a new species from Guizhou, China + + + +Author + +Chen, Wan-Hao +0000-0001-7240-6841 +Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China & Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China & Key Laboratory of Microbio and Infectious Disease Prevention & Control in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China +cwhisaria@163.com + + + +Author + +Li, Dan +0009-0009-0256-6749 +Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China +18385839442@163.com + + + +Author + +Wei, Yan-Jun +0000-0001-5244-7398 +Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China +weiyanjun212@126.com + + + +Author + +Liang, Jian-Dong +0000-0002-3939-3900 +Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China & Key Laboratory of Microbio and Infectious Disease Prevention & Control in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China +cordyceps2005@qq.com + + + +Author + +Han, Yan-Feng +0000-0002-8646-3975 +Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China +swallow1128@126.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-08 + + +662 + + +2 + + +195 +200 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.662.2.8 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.662.2.8 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Ovicillium sinense +W.H. Chen, Y.F. Han & J.D. Liang + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Fig. 2 +) + + + +MycoBank +854182 + + + + +Etymology:— +Referring to +China +, its country of origin. + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Ovicillium sinense + +. A. Infected pupa. B–C. Culture on PDA, showing the top (B) and the underside (C). D–J. Phialides and conidia formed on PDA. Scale bars: B, C = 10 mm, D–J = 10 μm. + + + + +Type:— +CHINA +. +Guizhou +: Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Sandu County, Yaorenshan National Forest Park ( +25°57'22.21"N +, +107°57'54.69"E +), on a pupa (Lepidoptera), +20 September 2021 +, Wanhao Chen, +GZAC +SD0970 ( +holotype +), ex-type living culture, SD09701. + + +Colonies on +PDA +, attaining a diameter of +18–20 mm +after 14 days at 25 °C, white, consisting of a basal felt, floccose hyphal overgrowth; reverse yellowish. Hyphae septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, 1.4–2.8 μm wide. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, with single phialide or whorls of 2–5 phialides or verticillium-like directly from hyphae, 17.0–21.7 × 2.3–3.0 μm. Phialides cylindrical, somewhat inflated base, 16.2–25.8 × 1.7–2.4 μm, tapering to a thin neck. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, globose to ovoid, 2.1–2.9 × 1.1–1.7 μm, aggregated in large globose to subglobose heads. Sexual state not observed. + + + + +Host:— +Pupa (Lepidoptera). + + +Additional strain examined:— +CHINA +. +Guizhou +: Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Sandu County, Yaorenshan National Forest Park ( +25°57'22.21"N +, +107°57'54.69"E +), on a pupa (Lepidoptera), +20 September 2021 +, Wanhao Chen, SD09702 (living culture). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D1/E0/03D1E01E987AFFA6BA90FC89BAF89B42.xml b/data/03/D1/E0/03D1E01E987AFFA6BA90FC89BAF89B42.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..12023c73663 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D1/E0/03D1E01E987AFFA6BA90FC89BAF89B42.xml @@ -0,0 +1,584 @@ + + + +Fritillaria shahuensis (Liliaceae), a new species from western Iran + + + +Author + +Advay, Mahfouz +Iran Department of Biological Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran + + + +Author + +Rix, Martyn +Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-13 + + +662 + + +3 + + +279 +286 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.662.3.7 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.662.3.7 +1179-3163 +14516094 + + + + + + +Fritillaria shahuensis +M. Advay + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs 1 +, +4 +,5, +Table 1 +) + + + + + +FIGURE 1 +. Distribution of + +F. shahuensis + +(pink rectangles), + +F. atrolineata + +(light blue squares), + +F. chlorantha + +(black circles), + +F. assyriaca + +(black triangles) and + +F. kordestanica + +(blue circles) in Iran. + + + + + +Type +:— +IRAN +. +Kurdistan Province +: +Marivan +to +Paveh +, +Avroman +(=Hawraman) region, north-west slope of the +Shahu Mountain +, +Novin Village +, 351105° +N +, 462149° +E +, in + +Quercus + +forest, mountain steppe, subalpine pasture and grassy ledges, + +1460 m + +, + +24 Apr. 2013 + +, +Advay 11385 +( +holotype +: +HKS +; +isotype +: +TUH +) + +. + + +The new species is like + +F +. +atrolineata + + +, +F. chlorantha +, +F. assyriaca + +and + +F. kordestanica + +in its narrowly campanulate flowers and habit ( +Fig. 4 +, +Table 1 +) but differs from these species in number and size of leaves and colour, perigone colour, size of tepal segments, filament colour, nectary shape and colour, style surface and branched style ( +Table 1 +). + + + +FIGURE 2 +. + +Fritillaria shahuensis +A. Floral + +details. B–E. Habit and habitat. + + + +Bulb-bearing herbs, bulbs globose to ovoid, +1.3–3.5 cm +in diameter, with 1–2 bulblets. Stem +15–35 cm +, +15–30 cm +above ground, sometimes to +35 cm +in fruiting stage, glabrous. Leaves 4–7 per stem, rarely up to 16 leaves, sessile, alternate, glaucous; the lowest 6.5–16.0 × +0.7–1.5 cm +, oblong, lanceolate, acute. Bracts 3.5–12.0 × +0.3–0.5 cm +; narrowly oblanceolate, acute, twisted. Flower 1–3 (–4), narrowly campanulate; perianth segments yellow-greenish, yellow-whitish, green to grayish brownish, rarely reddish purplish or blackish outside, yellow brownish, rarely purplish brownish inside, outer ones 16.0–22.0 × 3.5–5.0 mm, oblong-lanceolate, subacute to obtuse, sometimes recurved, ciliate-tufted at apex, inner ones 15.0–23.0 × 4.5–5.0 mm, lanceolate, subacute to obtuse. Nectaries 3.5–4.5 × 0.5– 1.0 mm, linear, black, rarely greenish, +1 mm +above the base tepal. Filaments +5–7 mm +, white, yellowish or greenish in upper part slender, cylindric, papillose; anthers +4–11 mm +before dehiscence, ellipsoid, yellow, rarely greenish, basifixed. Ovary +6–8 mm +long; style 6.0–8.5 × +1.5–2.5 mm +, stout, cylindrical, greenish, entire, undivided at apex, densely papillose. Capsule 2.5–4.5 × +1.7–2.1 mm +, obovoid-oblong, cuneate, not winged; seeds 5.0–6.0 × 5.0– +5.5 mm +, obovate, brown ( +Figs 4 +, 5). + + + + +FIGURE 3 +. + +Fritillaria shahuensi + +s, A, B. Habit. C, D. inner and outer surfaces of inner and outer tepals, pistil and stamens. E. Floral details. F. Seeds. G. Capsule. H. Bulb. + + + + +FIGURE 4 +. Habitat of + +Fritillaria shahuensis +. + +Photo by Bahman Sharifi. + + + + +Etymology:— +Referring to the +type +locality, Shahu Mountain. + + + + +Distribution, habitat and phenology:— +Known also from +Kermanshah +and +Lorestan +Provinces. It is an element of the Irano-Turanian floristic region and grows in + +Quercus + +forest, mountain steppes and grassy ledges, +1300–2300 m +. Flowering March–April, fruiting June–July. + + +Species conservation assessment:— +Extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than +5.000 km +2 +, and the area of occupancy (AOO) is less than +500 km +2 +(criterion B1, B2); number of locations is less than five (a), with an estimated continuing decline (a, b) of occurrence (i), of occupancy (ii), quality of habitat (iii), and number of subpopulations (iv). Its populations are threatened by grazing. The developing capsules are usually grazed before maturation. This new species is assessed to be considered as endangered, EN B1ab (i, iv) B2ab (ii, iii, iv)” (IUCN 2019). + + + +TABLE 1 +. A comparison of selected characters differing among + +Fritillaria shahuensis +, +F. atrolineata +, +F. chlorantha +, +F. assyriaca + +and F. + + + + +kordestanica + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Characters + + +F. shahuensis + + + +F. atrolineata + + + +F. chlorantha + + + +F. assyriaca + + + +F. kordestanica + +
Bulb diam.subglobose, ovoid, 15–35× 10–23 mm,globose-subglobose, 7–11 × 7–10 mm10–20 mm10–30 mm10–36 mm
Stolon1–2 bulbilswithout bulbils or stolonswithout bulbils or stolons1–2 bulbils2–3 bulbils
Stem15–35 (–40) cm, stout, greenish, brownish, smooth20–25cm above the bulb, longer in fruit, smooth.15–23cmup to 25 cm (elongating to 35 cm in fruit), stout, brownish, often papillose10–26 cm, smooth
Leavesmostly 4–7 (–16), glaucous, sometimes canaliculate4–5, glaucous(4–) 5–6 (–10), shining green4–7 (–12), glaucous(3–) 4 (–5), shining green
2–3 usually in a subternate
Lowest leaves3.5–16 × 0.7–1.5 cm, oblong, lanceolate, acute(subverticillate) or subopposite position, the rest alternate, the lowest 9 × 1–1.5cm, usually 8–9 times as long as wide, oblanceolate6–12×1.2–3cm, broadly ovate, lanceolate to linear8–12 × 0.5–2 cm, canaliculate, linear, ovate- lanceolate, acute7–12 × 1–2 cm, lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute
Flowers1–3 (–4), narrowly campanulate1 (2), narrowly campanulate1–3, narrowly campanulate1–2 (–5), narrow campanulatesolitary, narrowly campanulate, recurved at the mouth
Perigone colouryellow-greenish, yellow- whitish, green to grayish- brownish, rarely reddish- purplish or blackish outside, yellow-brownish, rarely purplish-brownish insideperianth segments usually yellowish-green to green, outside more yellowish towards margins, sometimes sparsely brown-dotted, inside tinged or sparsely dotted, pale reddish-brown towards marginsyellow-greenish, rarely purplish-brownishdusky purplish-grey outside and inside segments, often with narrowly median yellowish or greenish stripe in outside and inside segmentsoutside purplish- grey, rarely with green stripe, inside greenish-yellow or purplish
Outer segments16–22 × 3.5–5 mm, oblong-lanceolate, subacute to obtuse20 × 6 mm, oblanceolate, obtuse20–26 × 4–6 mm, ovate-lanceolate, acute to obtuse15–28 × 4–6 mm, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute20–26 × 6–7 mm, ovate-lanceolate, acute to obtuse
Inner segments15–23 × 4.5–5 mm, lanceolate, subacute to obtuseinner ones 8 mm wide, oblanceolate, obtuse, fascia obscure.21–25 × 4–6 mm15–28 × 6–12 mm, obovate, obtuse19–25 × 5–7.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse
Nectary3.5–4.5 × 0.5–1 mm, linear, 1 mm above the base tepal, black rarely greenishlinear, 4–6 × 0.5–l mm, placed 0.5–l mm above base of tepals, black3–4 × 1mm, green, linear-lanceolate2–4 × 1.3 mm, green, linear-lanceolate4–6.1 × 1–1.4 mm, yellow-greenish, linear-lanceolate
Filaments (mm)5–7 mm, white, yellowish and greenish at up part, slender, cylindric, papillose7 mm, yellow, densely papillose in upper part.6–8 mm,, densely papillose, yellow6–11 mm, yellow, enlarged to base, all papillosewhitish yellow
Anthers (mm)4–11 mm, ellipsoid, yellow, rarely greenish6–7 mm long before dehiscence, ellipsoid, yellow, basifixed.7–8 mm long before dehiscence,7–9 mm, ellipsoid, yellow5.5–8.3, oblong, yellow
Style (mm)6–8.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, stout, greenish, cylindrical, densely papillose, entire5–7 mm, stout, greenish- yellow, densely papillose, entire or very slightly 3-lobed, apex of stigma lobes papillose and with a central hole.5–10 mm, stout, greenish-yellow, densely papillose, slightly 3-lobed, 1–1.5 mm branched5–10 × 1.5–2 mm, unbranched or lobes 0.5–1 mm, papillose5–8.8 × 2–2.6, papillose
Capsule (mm)25–45 × 17–21 obovoid, tapering towards the base, obtuse, not winged25–30 × 15, obovoid, tapering towards the base, obtuse, not winged45–60 × 20–27, obovoid-oblong tapering towards the base, obtuse, not winged11–38 × 11–17 mm, obovoid13.6–20.7 × 15.7– 16.7 mm, obovoid, tapering towards the base, rounded
Seeds (mm)5–6 × 5–5.5, obovate, coat brownflat, ovate in outline, 4-5 long6–9.5 × 5–7.5, obovate, coat brown4–7.5 × 3–6.5 cm, testa pale brown4.5–6.7 × 3.6–5.7, flat, triangular-ovate
+ + +Notes:— +We compared + +F. shahuensis + +with + +F. atrolineata +, +F. chlorantha +, +F. assyriaca + +and + +F. kordestanica + +in the + +F. caucasica + +group ( +Table 1 +). They are similar in terms of general facies, but + +Fritillaria shahuensis + +differs in colour and size of its lowest leaves and size, shape and colour of perigone segments. The size of leaves (especially lowest leaves) and outside and inside colour of the tepals are usually variable in + +Fritillaria +, + +particularly in this group. The + +F. caucasica + +group is diverse in +Turkey +and +Iran +. Although these species are generally widely circumscribed, especially + +F. assyriaca +, + +the distinctive floral characteristic of this species stands out. + + +Selected specimens examined:— + +IRAN +. +Kurdistan Province +: +Avroman +(=Hawraman) region, north-west slope of the +Shahu Mountain +, +Novin Village +, + +1450 m +a.s.l. + +, + +23 Apr 2018 + +, +Advay 13375 +( +HKS +) + +; + +Marivan +to +Paveh +, +Zarravah Mountain +, +Daymayaw Village +, + +2100 m + +, + +26 Apr 2024 + +, + +Advay +48835 + +( +TUH +). +Kermanshah Province +: Hawraman, Paveh, +Khanegha Village +, +Shahu Mountain +, + +1350 m + +, + +30 Mar. 2023 + +, +Advay 48652 +( +TUH +). +Lorestan Province +: Brujerd, +Chenar village +, +Garrein Mountain +, 1710, + +20 May 2013 + +, +Advay 11542 +( +HKS +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DA/87/03DA879DFFF2FFE255DEFBFAFC34F883.xml b/data/03/DA/87/03DA879DFFF2FFE255DEFBFAFC34F883.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fc5dfd719e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DA/87/03DA879DFFF2FFE255DEFBFAFC34F883.xml @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ + + + +Gigantochloa lako (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new combination for a horticulturally important bamboo species from Southeast Asia + + + +Author + +Cai, Zhuo-Yu +0000-0001-9288-0882 +Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China & Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China +caizhuoyu@njfu.edu.cn + + + +Author + +Widjaja, Elizabeth Anita +0000-0003-1746-0567 +Environmental Bamboo Foundation, Jl. Moh. Yamin IX No. 15, Sumerta Kelod, Denpasar Timur, Denpasar, Bali, 80239, Indonesia +eawidjaja3003@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Xia, Nian-He +0000-0001-9852-7393 +Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China & Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangzhou 510650, China & South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China +nhxia@scbg.ac.cn + + + +Author + +Wong, Khoon Meng +0000-0002-1950-786X +Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore +wkm2000@gmail.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-20 + + +663 + + +2 + + +101 +105 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.6 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.6 +1179-3163 +14515951 + + + + + + +Gigantochloa lako +(Widjaja) Z.Y. Cai & Widjaja + +, + +comb. nov. + +( +Figs. 1 +& +2 +) + + + + + +Basionym: + +Bambusa lako +Widjaja, Reinwardtia + +11(2): 61–63, +Fig. 1 +(1997). + + + + +Type: + +East Timor, +Viqueque +, +Widjaja 6535 +( +Holotype +: +BO +; +Isotypes +: +K +, +L +, +US +) + +. + + +Additional specimen examined: +Singapore +, Pulau Ubin, Butterfly Hill, cultivated, +29 Mar. 2016 +, + +Joseph Lai +SING +2016-070 + +( +SING +[Barcode: 0194772]). + + +Supplementary description: +Pseudospikelets fasciculate at each node of flowering branches, sessile, basally subtended by several gemmiferous bracts, +15–18 mm +long; fertile florets 3, terminal floret vestigial, with only a narrow lemma; prophylls 1–2, 1–2—keeled, +4.3–5.4 mm +long, glabrous, keels ciliolate; gemmiferous bracts 3–4, ovate, +5–12 mm +long, both surfaces glabrous, abaxial surface sometimes sparsely pubescent at the apex, margin ciliate above the middle, 11–21—veined, apex acute, mucronate to aristulate; rachilla segments extremely short; glumes absent; lemma ovate, +12–15 mm +long, both surfaces glabrous, abaxial surface sometimes sparsely pubescent at the apex, margin ciliate above the middle, 21–23—veined, apex acute, mucronate, calluses inconspicuous; palea ca. +10.5 mm +long, glabrous, 2—keeled, keels apically ciliate, 3—veined between keels, each side 1—veined, apex retuse; lodicules absent; stamens 6, filaments connate into a tube, anthers ca. +6.5 mm +long, apiculate, the apical extension bearing tiny hairs; style 1, long, ending in a single plumose stigma, ovary with a hairy top. Caryopsis unknown. + + +Notes: +For the first time, + +Gigantochloa lako + +is found in Ende, +Flores +, +Indonesia +which has never been noted previously. Besides +Flores +, this species is also found abundantly in West Timor. In +Indonesia +, this species is not as commonly cultivated as Javanese Black Bamboo ( + +G. atroviolacea + +), although it also holds excellent ornamental horticulture values in many Southeast Asian countries (Widjaja 2019). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/E0/F1/03E0F10DF24A00235C94FAB69A973992.xml b/data/03/E0/F1/03E0F10DF24A00235C94FAB69A973992.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6b48a0a6433 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/E0/F1/03E0F10DF24A00235C94FAB69A973992.xml @@ -0,0 +1,841 @@ + + + +A new species of Meriania (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) from southeastern Ecuador + + + +Author + +Jiménez, Marco M. +0000-0002-9502-5651 +Grupo de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Ingeniería en Agroindustria, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Vía a Nayón, Quito 170124, Ecuador +marco.jimenez.leon@udla.edu.ec + + + +Author + +Iturralde, Gabriel A. +0000-0003-2456-0929 +Grupo de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Ingeniería en Agroindustria, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Vía a Nayón, Quito 170124, Ecuador +gabriel.iturralde@udla.edu.ec + + + +Author + +Mendoza, Johny +0009-0001-2573-1921 +Amichi Lounge, vía Gualaquiza - San Juan Bosco, E 45 s / n., Morona Santiago, Ecuador +johny1745@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ocupa-Horna, Luis +0000-0002-4904-1060 +Departamento de Orquideología, Centro de Investigación en Biología Tropical y Conservación - CINBIOTYC, Cal. Nestor Martos Mza. e Lote. 16 A. H. Almirante Miguel Grau II, Piura, Peru & Departamento de Gimnospermas y Monocotiledóneas, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María, Lima, Peru & Grupo Científico Calaway Dodson: Investigación y Conservación de Orquídeas del Ecuador, Quito, 170510, Pichincha, Ecuador +luis.ocupa@unmsm.edu.pe + + + +Author + +Garzón-Suárez, Henry X. +0000-0003-4049-1652 +Grupo Científico Calaway Dodson: Investigación y Conservación de Orquídeas del Ecuador, Quito, 170510, Pichincha, Ecuador & Jungle Dave’s Science Foundation, San Juan Bosco, Ecuador & Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s / n 11 - 01 - 608, Loja, Ecuador +hg_palaco14@hotmail.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-13 + + +662 + + +3 + + +239 +250 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.662.3.3 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.662.3.3 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Meriania judithiae +M.M.Jiménez & H.Garzón + +, + +sp. nov +. + +( +Figs. 1 +, +2 +, +4 +, +5A +– +7 +) + + + + + +Type +:— +Ecuador +. +Morona Santiago +: San Juan Bosco. San Juan Bosco, Jungle Dave’s sendero al Cerro +PDA +, +3°34’10.18” S +, +78°24’41.92” W +, +1818 m +, +22 Julio 2023 +(fl.), + +H +. Garzón & +M +. Jiménez 216 + +( +holotype +: +HUTPL +14847!). + + + + +Diagnosis. +This species is most similar to + +Meriania cuneifolia +subsp. +cuneifolia + +but differs by the sparse furfuraceous indumentum ( +vs. +hirsute), the much shorter petioles 0.3–1.0 cm long ( +vs. +2.0–3.0 cm long), the leaf blades with attenuate bases extending into the petiole as wings ( +vs. +long-cuneate), the shorter calyx lobes +0.5–1.3 mm +long ( +vs. +8.5 mm +long) each with a conical projection that does not surpass the apex of the lobe ( +vs. +distinct claw-shaped projections extending further the lobes), and the isomorphic stamens ( +vs. +dimorphic). + + + + +Description. +Shrub +up to +4 m +tall; indumentum consisting of a combination of very short, brownish, caducous trichomes, +0.2–0.9 mm +long, elongated hairs with greatly roughened (substellate) base and dendritic hairs with short axis and few-moderate number of terete arms, these arranged sparsely on young branches, petioles; or with a stellate, scaly base, sparsely on the underside of leaf blades, densely on inflorescences, hypanthia and calyces. +Young branches +terete, +3.2–5.8 mm +in diameter, furfuraceous becoming glabrous with age, nodes with faint interpetiolar lines, without flaps. +Leaves +opposite, anisopyllous, decussate; petioles very short, terete, 0.3–1.0 cm long, furfuraceous; blades coriaceous, large leaves 15.5–27.1 × +3.8–8.2 cm +, small leaves (35–60% smaller) 6.1–17.7 × 1.2–5.0 cm, elliptic, apex long-acuminate, base attenuate continuing down the petiole as slightly revolute wings; margin crenulate at the apical half, venation acrodromous and suprabasal, with 2 pairs of lateral (secondaries) nerves, first pair diverging +7–41 mm +from the base of the blade, second pair diverging +15–80 mm +from the base of the blade, an additional pair of faint submarginal veins running up to leaf apex, tertiary (transversal nerves) 40–60 on each side of the primary veins, percurrent, +2–7 mm +distant from each other; midvein, secondary and tertiary veins strongly impressed adaxially, salient abaxially, adaxial surface bullate, dark green, shiny, glabrous, olive-green when dry; abaxial surface greenish dirty white when dry, puberulous. +Inflorescences +terminal or rarely pseudolateral (overtopped by developing axillary bud), erect, +4.3–6.1 cm +long, few-flowered to multiflorous (18–130 flowers) panicles, consisting of 4–6 levels of branching nodes; axis densely pubescent, becoming glabrate in certain parts. +Peduncle +when present +1.2–2.5 cm +long, terete. +Main axis +4.3–6.1 cm +long, quadrangular, the proximal node with 1 pair of basal paraclades, the supraproximal with 1 pair of paraclades, the subdistal and distal with an umbel of 4–8 flowers arising from more or less the same point on the pedicel. +Paraclades +simple to branching, +1.3–2.2 cm +long; flowers in regular pendulous, umbels of 4–8 flowers at the end. +Bracts +foliaceous, persistent, 14.0–19.6 × 4.0– +6.1 cm +, petioles +0.7–1.1 cm +long, shape and indumentum similar to principal leaves; sometimes with one pair of additional bracts on proximal nodes of the main axis, 6.1–12.4 × +1.2–3.5 cm +, petioles ca. +0.7 cm +long. +Bracteoles +absent. +Flowers +2.3–2.4 × +0.9 cm +, 5–merous, pendant, with campanulate corollas. +Pedicels +4.8–6.1 mm +long, straight to slightly arcuate, puberulent. +Hypanthium +3.4–3.9 × +3.1–3.6 mm +, cupuliform, slightly costate, outer surface puberulent, inner surface glabrous; torus glabrous. +Calyx +opening regularly, outer surface puberulent, inner surface glabrous; tube +0.5–1.5 mm +long; lobes +0.5–1.3 mm +high, 2.5–3.0 mm wide, subtruncate, margin sinuate, each lobe with a conical projection, +0.4–0.5 mm +long free from the apex of the lobe and not surpasses it. + +Corolla + +campanulate, petals pinkish orange, obscurely multiveined in the adaxial surface, glabrous, concave, 11.1–11.3 × +10.2–11.4 mm +, 2.0– +2.4 mm +wide at base, transversely obovate and slightly asymmetric, apex rotund, margin entire, somewhat revolute, base rotund to truncate, concave. +Stamens +10, isomorphic, all bent to one side at anthesis giving the flower a zygomorphic appearance; filaments +4.4–5.8 mm +long, reddish-purple, paler to the base, flat, glabrous; connectives prolonged below the thecae, reddish-purple, glabrous, with one dorsal conic, crown-shaped appendage, +0.2 mm +long, acute, red to red-purple consisting of short, several blunt, irregular projections; anther +5.4–5.8 mm +long, lanceolate, dark purple, glabrous, straight, opening by one dorsally inclined pore, thecae surface slightly corrugated. +Ovary +5-locular, superior, free, 3.3 × +1.9 mm +, oblong, purple, glabrous, truncate to the apex, whitish to the base, not exceeding the hypanthium length, separated +0.5 mm +from the sinuate, glabrous torus; style +14.1–15.3 mm +long, red, glabrous, slightly incurved at the apex and opposite to the anthers at anthesis; stigma punctiform and minutely papillate, +0.5 mm +wide, purple. +Fruits +capsular, with persistent sepals and slightly costate hypanthium, mature ovary 4.0–4.7 × +4.1–4.9 mm +, spheroid, sepals +1.6–1.8 mm +high; fruiting pedicels 28.0– +29.8 mm +long. +Seeds +not seen. + + + + + +Distribution and habitat: +— + +A population of approximately 8 individuals of + +Meriania judithiae + +has been found in the evergreen lower montane forests at the Southeastern Cordillera of the Andes, coded as BsBn02 according to the Ecosystem Classification System from Continental +Ecuador +(Ministerio del Ambiente del +Ecuador +, 2013). This presents a complex hilly topography consisting of steep slopes, valleys, and ravines, with an average annual rainfall shy of +2600 mm +( + +Báez +et al. +2013 + +). The population of the new species is located at about +1800 m +a.s.l., within a private reserve near San Juan Bosco in the southern part of +Morona Santiago Province +, southeastern +Ecuador +( +Figs. 3 +, +4 +). The local flora is represented by + +Cabralea canjerana +(Vellozo 1829: 176) +Martius (1843: 38) + +( +Meliaceae +); + +Blakea subvaginata +Wurdack (1979: 347) + +and + +Meriania neillii +H. Mendoza (2021: 85) + +( +Melastomataceae +); + +Ceratostema charianthum +A.C. +Smith (1950: 360) + +, + +Ceratostema +sp. + +and + +Disterigma utleyorum +Wilbur & Luteyn + +in +Luteyn & Wilbur (1977: 259) +( +Ericaceae +). + + + +Conservation status: +— +Meriania judithiae + +is known only from the Siete Iglesias Municipal Conservation Area (ACMSI) +type +locality near San Juan Bosco. At present, only a few individual living specimens are known. The regions in the eastern foothills of the Andes are acutely threatened by deforestation carried out for cattle pastures, mining activities, slash-and-burn agriculture and infrastructure works. Nonetheless, the new species might be protected because it grows within or near the ACMSI. For a better assessment of its conservation, additional data on its distribution and abundance are required. We recommend + +Meriania judithiae + +be characterized as Data Defficient (DD) according to the IUCN red list ( +IUCN 2024 +). + + + + +Etymology: +—The new species is named after Judith A. Steck, mother of David R. Goucher who has been actively supporting botanical research, environmental education and conservation in the south of +Morona Santiago province +, +Ecuador +. + + + +Taxonomic discussion: +— +Meriania judithiae + +belongs to a group of species distinguished by the campanulate, reddish-orange corollas and the lobed calyx, usually with claw-shaped dorsal projections ( + +Fernandez-Hilario +et al. +2021 + +) ( +Fig. 5 +). The new species is distinguished from other members of the group by the attenuate base of the leaves continuing down the petiole as wings and the presence of conical projections in the lobes of the calyx ( +Figs. 6 +). It is most similar to + +M. cuneifolia +subsp. +cuneifolia + +by the distant suprabasal venation and gradually tapering base of the leaves ( +Fig. 7 +); nevertheless, + +M. judithiae + +can be distinguished from the latter by the elliptic, long-acuminate leaves ( +vs. +oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate), adaxially bullate ( +vs. +flat) foliar surface, the shorter hypanthium (3.4–3.9 +vs. +5.2 mm +long), the calyx lobes that are not ruptured to the torus ( +vs. +irregular ruptured to the torus), the shorter petals (11.1–11.3 +vs. +13 mm +long), the isomorphic ( +vs. +dimorphic) stamens with shorter filaments no longer than +4.4–5.8 mm +long ( +vs. +6.4–8.5 mm +long), and the shorter thecae of up to +5.4–5.8 mm +long ( +vs. +thecae up to +5.3–8.3 mm +long) ( +Gleason 1947 +). + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Meriania judithiae +. + +A. +Branch with inflorescence. +B. +Flower with a close-up of the indumentum on the hypanthium (B1). +C. +Petals, abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) views. +D. +Flower without petals. +E. +Hypanthium and calyx with style. +F. +Ovary with style. +G. +Longitudinal section of the calyx, hypanthium and ovary. +H. +Calyx, hypanthium and ovary, top view. +I. +Stamen. +J. +Anther with connective appendage viewed from the top. +K. +Close-up of the connective appendage. +L. +Mature fruit. Prepared by L. Ocupa-Horna from photos by +H. +Garzón-Suárez and Nelson Espinosa-Ortega (B1) from the holotype. + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Meriania judithiae + +. A. Habit. B. Type of the inflorescences. C. Flower with floral bud. D. Hypanthium and calyx showing stamens and style, longitudinal section. E. Pedicel, ovary and style. F. Stamens, lateral and upper views. G. Calyx, hypanthium and ovary, top view. Drawing by J. Mendoza from the holotype. + + + + +FIGURE 3. +Distribution of + +Meriania judithiae + +in southeastern Ecuador. Prepared by Henry X. Garzón-Suárez using ArcGIS. + + + + +FIGURE 4. + +Meriania judithiae +in situ + +. +A. +Habitat of the species. +B. +Terminal branches with inflorescences. +C +and +D. +Detail of the inflorescences. Photographs by H. Garzón-Suárez. + + + + +FIGURE 5. + +Meriania +species + +with 5-nerved leaves and campanulate corollas. +A. + +Meriania judithiae +M.M. Jiménez & H. Garzón + +based on the type (Ecuador, Morona Santiago); +B. + +M. +aff. +cuneifolia +Wurdack + +based on +M. Jiménez 1803 +(Ecuador, Morona Santiago); +C. + +M. bongarana +Rob. Fern., R. Goldenb. & Michelang. + +based on the type (Peru, Amazonas); +D. + +M. dimorphanthera +Wurdack + +based on +H. Mendoza 16675 +(Colombia, Cundinamarca). Photos: by Henry Garzón-Suárez (A, B), Robin Fernandez-Hilario (C) and Humberto Mendoza-Cifuentes (D). + + + + +FIGURE 6. +Leaves of + +Meriania judithiae + +with diagnostic details. +A. +Adaxial view with a close-up of the apical, bullate surface (A1) and base of the leaf (A2). +B. +Abaxial view with a close-up of the apical surface (B1) and basal portion of the leaf (B2) with trichome (B3). Photos by Henry X. Garzón-Suárez and Nelson Espinosa-Ortega (B3). + + + + +FIGURE 7. +Comparison of the holotype specimens of + +Meriania judithiae + +(left) and + +M. cuneifolia +subsp. +cuneifolia + +(right). Holotype specimen of + +Meriania cuneifolia +Gleason + +, collected in Ecuador, Morona Santiago, “Río Santa Bárbara near Río Tintas” by J.A. Steyermark in 1943. Reproduced with permission from the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium. + + + +Both species have been reported in the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes and have not been found growing sympatrically. + +Meriania judithiae + +grows at elevations around +1800 m +where it is restricted to the lower montane forests near the township of San Juan Bosco in +Morona Santiago Province +. On the other hand, according to the specimens of +J. Steyermark 53543 +(NY-00547958) mentioned by Wurdack (1980) and +C. Chimbo & C. Chamba 89 +(MO-1183106), + +M. cuneifolia +subsp. +cuneifolia + +inhabits higher elevations from +2100 to 2200 m +where it grows in wet montane forests of the +Morona Santiago +and +Zamora Chinchipe +provinces. Considering the different ecological preferences, it is improbable there will be consistent gene flow between the two locations despite both being present in southeast +Ecuador +. + + +The new species is also similar to the Peruvian + +Meriania bongarana + +and the Colombian + +M. dimorphanthera + +, as they are also characterized by leaves mostly elliptic, anisophyllous, acuminate, with two pairs of secondaries (lateral nerves) and the acrodromous and suprabasal venation. However, + +M. judithiae + +is distinguished from + +M. bongarana + +by the attenuate leaf base ( +vs. +cuneate), the bullate adaxial surface of the leaves ( +vs. +flat), the shorter hypanthium of +3.4–3.9 mm +long ( +vs. +6.5–7.0 mm long), the calyx with subtruncate lobes ( +vs. +acute), each with a conical projection ( +vs. +claw-shaped dorsal projection), the reddish-purple petals ( +vs. +pink), the stamens with shorter filaments +5.4–5.8 mm +long ( +vs. +8.0– +8.5 mm +long), and the red, shorter style +14.1–15.3 mm +long ( +vs. +magenta, 25.5–27.0 mm long) ( + +Fernandez-Hilario +et al. +2022 + +). + + + +TABLE 1. +Summary of principal differences between + +Meriania judithia + +e, + +M. cuneifolia +subsp. +cuneifolia + +, + +M. cuneifolia +subsp. +subandina + +, + +M. bongarana + +and + +M. dimorphanthera + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Species + +M. judithiae + + + +M. cuneifolia + +subsp. + +M. cuneifolia +subsp. +cuneifolia +( +Gleason 1947 +) + +subandina +( +Wurdack 1976 +) + + +M. bongarana +(Fernandez +et al. +2022) + + + +M. dimorphanthera +( +Wurdack 1957 +) + +
LeavesAnisophyllous, petioles 0.3–1.0 cm long; blades 6.1–27.1 × 1.2–8.2 cm, elliptic, apex long- acuminate, base cuneate- decurrent; venation suprabasal, abaxial surface puberulousAnisophyllous, petioles Anisophyllous, petioles 2.0–3.0 cm long; blades 0.7–0.9 cm long; blades 10–13 × 2.5–4.5 cm, 15–23 × 5–10 cm, elliptic, oblanceolate, apex apex acuminate, base abruptly and sharply attenuate-decurrent; acuminate, base long- venation suprabasal, cuneate; venation abaxial surface sparsely suprabasal, abaxial surface stellate-setulose softly cinereousIsophyllous; petioles 1.2–1.5 cm long; blades 7.5–9.5 × 3.2–4.3 cm, elliptic, apex acuminate, base acute; venation suprabasal, abaxial surface densely pubescentAnisophyllous, petioles 2.0–9.0 cm long; blades 7.0–24 × 3.2–14.0 cm, elliptic to oblong-elliptic; apex obtuse to shortly acuminate, base obtuse to slightly rounded; venation basal or slightly suprabasal, abaxial surface densely rufous
InflorescenceMultiflorous, 4.3–6.1 cm long, 4–8 flowered umbelsSubmultiflorous, 6.0–7.9 Few-flowered, 1.7–2.7 cm cm long, 3–9 flowered long, 3–4 flowered umbels umbelsSubmultiflorous, 7.5–8.2 cm long, 4–5 flowered umbelsMultiflorous, 5.0–15.0 cm long, with umbels with more than 3 flowers
Hypanthium and calyxCupuliform, 3.4–3.9 mm long, calyx lobes 0.5–1.3 mm long, subtruncate, thickened to the apex, not extending beyond the lobesCampanulate, 5.2 mm Obconic, 7.3 mm long, long, calyx lobes 8.5 mm calyx lobes 0.8–1.1 mm long, acute with claw- long, acute, subtruncate, shaped projections 6.0–7.5 claw-shaped projections mm long 2.3–3.0 mm longCampanulate, 6.5–7.0 mm long, calyx lobes 2.0–2.5 × 5–7 mm, acute with claw-shaped projections 2.0–2.5 mm longCupuliform, 3.5–6.0 mm long, calyx lobes broadly triangular with dorsal teeth non-visible or exceeding the length of the lobe 0.9–2.5 mm long
+Corolla +Petals 11.1–11.3 mm long Petals 13 mm long Petals 13.1–13.4 mm longPetals 14–15.5 × 13–16 mm longPetals 12.0–16.0 mm long
StamensIsomorphic, filaments 4.4–5.8 mm long, connectives prolonged below the thecae, the dorso-basal appendage crown-shaped, thecae 5.4–5.8 mm longDimorphic, filaments 6.4– Isomorphic, filaments Dimorphic, filaments 8.0– 8.5 mm long, connectives 8.0–8.5 mm long, 9.5 mm long, connectives prolonged below the connectives prolonged prolonged below the thecae, thecae, the dorso-basal below the thecae, the the dorso-basal appendage appendage broadly conic, dorso-basal appendage crown-shaped, thecae obtuse or rounded, thecae slightly crown-shaped, 7.6–9.7 mm long 5.3–8.3 mm long thecae 8.5–9.0 mm longDimorphic, filaments 6.0–10.0 mm long, connectives prolonged below the thecae, the dorso-basal appendage dentiform, thecae 4.8–8.0 mm long
Style14.1–15.3 mm long21 mm long 21.5–22.4 mm long25.5–27.0 mm long14.0–23.0 mm long
+ + +Finally, + +Meriania judithiae + +is distinguished from + +M. dimorphanthera + +by the narrower, bullate leaf blades ( +vs. +smooth) with the base being attenuate ( +vs. +obtuse to rounded), the shorter hypanthium +3.4–3.9 mm +long ( +vs +. 3.5–6.0 mm long), the calyx lobes being subtruncate, not ruptured to the torus ( +vs. +broadly triangular, subcalyptrate) with a conical projection in the apex ( +vs. +dorsal teeth exceeding or not the lobe), the isomorphic stamens ( +vs. +dimorphic) with shorter filaments +4.4–5.8 mm +long ( +vs. +6.0– +10 mm +long), the dorsal appendage of the connective crown-shaped ( +vs. +dentiform), the shorter thecae +5.4–5.8 mm +long ( +vs. +4.8–8.0 mm long), and the shorter style +14.1–15.3 mm +long ( +vs. +14.0–23.0 mm long) ( +Mendoza-Cifuentes 2021 +). A summary comparing these morphological characters between + +M. judithiae + +and the other species as mentioned above is provided in +Table 1 +. + + + +Additional specimen examined ( +paratype +): + +— +ECUADOR +. +Morona Santiago +: San Juan Bosco. San Juan Bosco, Jungle Dave’s sendero al Cerro PDA, +1815 m +, +22 Julio 2023 +(fl.), +M. Jiménez & H. Garzón 1810 +(HUTPL 15146!). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F2/87/03F287F37172FFA363F6A30DFE55F7AF.xml b/data/03/F2/87/03F287F37172FFA363F6A30DFE55F7AF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e902698a626 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F2/87/03F287F37172FFA363F6A30DFE55F7AF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + +Podoscypha ahuensis sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by the morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses + + + +Author + +Shen, Shan +College of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Cai-Wen +College of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Bao-Wei +College of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-13 + + +662 + + +3 + + +262 +270 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.662.3.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.662.3.5 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Podoscypha ahuensis +S. Shen, C.W. Zhang, and B. W. Zhang + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs. 3 +, +4 +) + + +MycoBank no.: MB 853381 + + + + +Diagnosis— +Podoscypha ahuensis + +is characterized by its smooth, salmon pink, flesh pink to pink pileal surface, distinct swollen gloeocystidia, presence of pilocystidia and caulocystidia, small, thin-walled, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, on angiosperms from subtropical +China +. + + +Type +.— + +China + +. +Anhui Province +, Hefei, Shushan District, +Anhui +University, Qingyuan Campus, on the dead branch of angiosperm, +22 September 2023 +, AHU 337 ( +holotype +, AHUBM). + + +Etymology +.— + +ahuensis +(Lat.) + +: The new species is named after AHU, the abbreviation for +Anhui +University, where the samples of this species were discovered and collected.And ‘ahuensis’ is an adjective, referring to the locality +Anhui +University of the +type +specimens. + + +Basidiomata. +—Basidiocarps annual, gregarious, without odor or taste and corky when fresh, becoming hard corky upon drying, Pilei rod-shaped, spathulate or fan shaped when young, then the two sides of the fan are gradually joining together and it became a complete cupuliform, or a notched cupuliform when mature, stipe up to +1–3 cm +high, +1.8–3.5 cm +in diameter, 250–450 µm thick. Basidiocarps surface smooth, salmon (6A4) to flesh pink (8A3/9A4) when fresh, buff yellowish (4A4) upon drying. Pileal surface glabrous, concentrically and radially zonate obviously on the dry specimen. Sterile margin distinct, thinner than middle, color is lighter and whiter. + + + +FIGURE 3 +. Basidiomata of + +Podoscypha ahuensis + +(holotype, AHU 73). Scale bars: 1 cm. + + + + +FIGURE 4 +. Microscopic structures of + +Podoscypha ahuensis + +(drawn from the holotype AHU 73). a. Basidiospores. b. Basidia and basidioles. c. Gloeocystidia. d. Pilocystidia. e. Hyphae. f. Caulocystidia. Bars: a–f 10 μm. + + + +Hyphal structure.— +Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae with clamps, 2–4.5 μm wide, hyaline, thin-to slightly thick-walled, rarely branched; skeletal hyphae colorless, 2.5–6 μm wide, thick-walled, unbranched. Hyphae in the stipe trama similar to that in the pileal context. IKI–, CB–; tissues unchanged in KOH. + + + +Hymenium + +— +Basidia clavate to cylindrical, with 4 sterigmata and a basal clamp, 23–35 × 4–6 µm, basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller. Gloeocystidia common, thin walled, cylindrical to subcylindrical, usually swollen distinctly in the middle and with obtuse apex, 25–35 × 6–10 µm; Pilocystidia hyaline, clavate to cylindrical, swollen near the base, apical narrowing, 25–55 × 5–11 µm; Caulocystidia almost cylindrical, more or less constricted, 40–100 × 6–10 µm. Basidiospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, (4–)4.2–6.5(–7) × 3–4.5(–5) µm, L = 4.98 µm, W = 3.65 µm, Q = 1.63–2.22, Qm = 1.36 ± 0.15 (n = 120/4). + + +Additional specimens examined.— + + +China + +. +Anhui Province +, +Hefei +, +Shushan District +, +Anhui +University +, +Qingyuan Campus +, on the stump of angiosperm, + +22 July 2023 + +, +AHU 73 + +; + +on the stump of angiosperm, + +22 September 2023 + +, +AHU 338 +, +AHU 339 +( +AHUBM +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/41/38/E5/4138E526FFFCFFEF19EA4E73FB215043.xml b/data/41/38/E5/4138E526FFFCFFEF19EA4E73FB215043.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..45dd4047de6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/41/38/E5/4138E526FFFCFFEF19EA4E73FB215043.xml @@ -0,0 +1,447 @@ + + + +A new Anthurium (Araceae) species with silver leaves from Bahia Atlantic Forest, Brazil + + + +Author + +Coelho, Marcus Alberto Nadruz + + + +Author + +Magno, Alexandre + + + +Author + +Valadares, Rodrigo Theófilo + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-20 + + +663 + + +2 + + +69 +76 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.2 + +journal article +306630 +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.2 +3220ed23-3ecd-4729-afdd-28ea1061ace4 +1179-3163 +14515961 + + + + + + + +Anthurium argyrophyllum +Nadruz, Magno & Theófilo + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Fig. 1 +) + + + + + + + +Anthurium argyrophyllum +is very similar to + +A. cachoeirense +Valadares & Sakuragui (2015: 81) + +but differs in having a leaf blade ovate with an adaxial surface shiny moss green coloured and abaxial surface pale semi-glossy olive-green (vs. leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate with adaxial surface shiny dark green and abaxial surface light green coloured), primary lateral veins 11 to 16 on both sides (vs. 28–31 on both sides), peduncle with +6.6–14.5 cm +long, curved in fruiting (vs. peduncle with +23.1–31.1 cm +long, spreading in fruiting), spathe with +8.6–17.9 cm +long, chartaceous (vs. spathe with +6.2–7.5 cm +long, membranaceous) and stigma emergent and purplish (vs. stigma not emergent and greenish). + + + + + +Type: +— +BRAZIL +. +Bahia +: Santa Luzia, próximo a fazenda do Sr. Eugenio, + +29. +I +.2019 + +, fl., + +M +. +T +. +C +. Lacerda & +J +. +E +. Santos 1165 + +( +holotype +RB +!). + + +Rupicolous herb, stem up to +30 cm +long, erect internodes very short; prophylls and cataphylls 3.0–4.0 cm long, greenish when young, chestnut to straw colored when old, forming a fibrous mass. Leaves not peltate, sheath +2.9–3.1 cm +, not ligulate; petiole erect, 7.3–23.5 × +0.55–0.99 cm +, petiole:peduncle ratio 2.5:1.0, greenish, U-shaped, flattened to canaliculate adaxially with acute to obtuse margins, rounded abaxially, covered with raphides, without glandular punctations; geniculum 0.9–2.8 × +0.7–0.9 cm +, clear matte green when fresh, drying blacker than rest of petiole, flattened to slightly concave with obtuse margins adaxially, rounded abaxially, without glandular punctations; leaf blade erect to spreading, ovate, 41.0–41.8 × +15.8–16.6 cm +, chartaceous when fresh and dried, apex acute-acuminate, base obtuse-truncate to obtuse-cordate, adaxial surface shiny moss green colour, with flat greenish margin, without covered with raphides, abaxial surface pale semi-glossy olive-green, drying green-greynish in both faces, without glandular punctations, posterior lobes up to +1.5 cm +long, not imbricate, rounded to obtuse at apex, sinus triangular without denudation; midrib greenish and lighter than blade adaxially, flattened at base, rounded to obtuse and prominent at apex adaxially, rounded and prominent abaxially; basal veins absent to 1, reaching the margin up to 1/8 of the length of the leaf blade; primary lateral veins 11 to 16 on both sides, obscured adaxially when fresh, slightly evident and darker than the lamina abaxially when fresh, arched, forming an angle of 30–43° at the junction with the midrib, interprimary veins distinct from primary lateral veins, collective vein arising at the base of the blade or up to 5.0– +6.8 cm +above it, +0.8–1.5 cm +from the margin. Inflorescence with peduncle greenish, erect up to anthesis, curved in fructification, terete to 1–2 ribbed, 6.6–14.5 × +0.42–0.91 cm +, covered with raphides, glandular punctations absent; geniculum absent; spathe flat, ovate, 8.6–17.9 × +3.1–6 cm +, chartaceous, greenish to greenish with reddish to vinaceous nuances, not decurrent, acute at apex, erect in pre-anthesis, perpendicular to spreading in anthesis, erect in fructification, pustules absent, both surfaces densely covered with white speckles, forming a obtuse to acute angle with peduncle, decurrent +0.6–1.6 cm +long; spadix stipitate, tapered, 3.8–13.7 × +0.76–1.41 cm +, light green color pre-anthesis, greenish-purplish in anthesis, gray-brown in post-anthesis, stipite +0.3–1.7 cm +long; 7 flowers visible per principal spiral, 11–12 visible per secondary spiral. Flowers rhombic, tepals greenish in pre-anthesis and anthesis, brownish post-anthesis, dorsally acute, internally convex; lateral tepals 1.74–1.85 × +1.79–1.92 mm +; anterior/posterior tepals 1.61–1.95 × +1.12–1.14 mm +; stamens emerging in a scattered manner, laterals first followed quickly by alternates, filaments flattened, striated, 2.5–2.8 × 1.0– +1.1 mm +; anthers ovate, dorsifixed, extrorse, 0.6–0.8 × +0.9 mm +; polen yellowish to whitish; pistils purplish, oblong to elliptic, not emergent; stigma emergent, rounded, purplish; ovary bilocular, 3.2–3.5 × +1.3–2.8 mm +, 1 ovule per locule, with apical placentation, funicle without trichomes. Infructescence with berries greenish to greenish-purplish at apex, translucent to whitish at base, oblong, 0.6–0.8 × +0.50–0.55 mm +; mesocarp mucilaginous with elongate raphides; seeds cream color to yellowish, oblong in outline with convex faces, 0.35–0.40 × +0.23–0.26 mm +, with rough surface. + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +. +A. +Habit. B–C. Mid petiole in cross section. D. Proximal midrib in cross section. E. Mid midrib in cross section. F. Distal midrib in cross section. G–H. Mid peduncle in cross section. I. Inflorescence. + + + +Habitat and distribution: +— + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +is a typically rupicolous species with occurrence restricted to rocky outcrops associated with rainforests currently used for cocoa crop (cabruca). Its distribution is restricted to forests located between the Rio Jequitinhonha and the Rio de Contas ( +Fig. 2 +), although it has no confirmed records in conservation units, its occurrence is indicated in the Lapão Environmental Protection Area ( +J +. +E +. Santos +pers. comm. +). The measured size for the +type +population is ca. of 600 individuals, including well-established young people. + + +Conservation status: +—The species has little collection effort about the amount of forest fragments between the Rio Jequitinhonha and the Rio de Contas. As a result, the species is considered Data Deficient ( +DD +) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( +IUCN 2012 +) until more information is available. + + +Eponymy: +—The specific epithet +“argyrophyllum +” is given by the greenish-silver characteristic of the leaf blade. + + +Phenology: +—Flowering in January and October. Infructescence in October. + + + +FIGURE 2 +. Map showing the geographic distribution of + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +, + +Anthurium cachoeirense + +, + +Anthurium luschnathianum + +and + +Anthurium sagrilloanum + +in Brazil. + + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +. A. Habit. B. Prophylls and cataphylls forming a fibrous mass. C. Spadix in female anthesis. D. Spadix in male anthesis. + + + + +FIGURE 4. + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +. A. Habit. B. Spadix in male anthesis. C. Detals stipite. D. Berries. + + + + +FIGURE 5. + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +. A. Spadix in pre-anthesis. B. Spadix in female anthesis. C. Spadix in male anthesis. D. Infructescence. + + + + +FIGURE 6. + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +. A. Habitat. B. Mature plant. C. Young plant. + + + + + +Paratypes +: + +— +BRAZIL +. +Bahia +: +Itapebi +, fazenda do senhor +João Eduardo +(cultivated), + +01 January 2023 + +, + +A +. Magno & +J +. +E +. Santos 01 + +( +VIES +!) + +; + +Santa Luzia +, aos arredores da APA do +Lapão +, + +190 m + +, + +07 October 2023 + +, + +A +. Magno & +J +. +E +. Santos 18 + +( +VIES +!) + +; + +idem +, + +A +. Magno & +J +. +E +. Santos 19 + +( +VIES +!) + +. + + +Features and affinities: +—Specimens found in nature have predominantly spreading leaves ( +Fig. 6 +), but when in cultivation their leaves are erect ( +Fig. 3–4 +) and can be confused with + +Anthurium sagrilloanum +Theófilo & T.F.Sagrillo + +in + +Valadares +et al. +(2020: 60) + +differing from this in having prophylls and cataphylls chestnut to straw colored when old, forming fibrous mass (vs. chestnut or brownish to greenish when old, persistent and entire at stem apex, deciduous at stem base), petiole 2.4–2.6 × larger than the peduncle (vs. usually smaller), basal veins absent to 1 (vs. basal veins 2 to 4), primary lateral veins 11 to 16 on both sides (vs. 14–24 on both sides), peduncle curved in fruiting ( +Fig. 5 +) (vs. peduncle spreading in fruiting) spathe flat (vs. naviculate), spadix stipitate and greenish-purplish in anthesis (vs. spadix sessile, purplish in anthesis). + + +Also noteworthy is its morphological proximity to + +Anthurium luschnathianum +Kunth (1841: 73) + +, distinguished by its erect stem (vs. decumbent stem with erect apex), prophylls and cataphylls forming a fibrous mass when old (vs. little decomposed to deciduous towards the base of the stem), peduncle +6.6–14.5 cm +long, curved during fruiting (vs. peduncle +31.5–65.4 cm +long, not curved), spathe ovate (vs. spathe lanceolate). + + + +Anthurium argyrophyllum + +is provisionally included in the + +Anthurium +section +Urospadix +Engl. + +because it presents characteristics very close to species with a curved peduncle during fruiting (e.g. + +A. cleistanthum + +, + +A. coriaceum + +) and is restricted to eastern +Brazil +. The polymorphism of the base of the leaf blade raises questions about its sectional positioning. For the first author ( +MANC +), the species should be included in a new section comprising all species with leaf blades containing a chordate base and variations. For the third author ( +RTV +) this hypothesis can be supported, but restricted to species with a strictly chordate base and a non-curved peduncle during fruiting (e.g. + +Anthurium marcusianum +Theófilo, L.Kollmann & Sakur. + +in + +Valadares +et al. +(2019: 3) + +, + +Anthurium augustinum +K.Koch & Lauche + +in +Koch (1855: 7) +, + +Anthurium xanthophylloides +Barroso (1970: 1)) + +. In any case, it is complicated to assume that the evolutionary history of this lineage constitutes a disjunction from the + +Anthurium +section +Belolonchium +Schott (1860: 528) + +, an argument supported by previous molecular studies ( +Temponi 2006 +, +Carlsen & Croat 2013 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/9B/12/42/9B124277FFC3E15664AA8FA59E6EF9B2.xml b/data/9B/12/42/9B124277FFC3E15664AA8FA59E6EF9B2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..98203f32b30 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/9B/12/42/9B124277FFC3E15664AA8FA59E6EF9B2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ + + + +Cirsium wulongense (Asteraceae, Cardueae), a new species from Chongqing, China + + + +Author + +Jin, Zi-Chao +0000-0003-3904-7570 +Plant Science Research Center, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China +1174165700@qq.com + + + +Author + +Chen, Feng +0000-0003-3398-8900 +Chongqing Museum of Natural History, Beibei, Chongqing 400799, China +fengchen408@163.com + + + +Author + +Chen, You-Sheng +0000-0002-7729-1075 +Plant Science Research Center, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China & Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangzhou 510650, China +yschen@scbg.ac.cn + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-08 + + +662 + + +2 + + +201 +207 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.662.2.9 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.662.2.9 +1179-3163 + + + + + + +Cirsium wulongense +Z.C. Jin & Y.S. Chen + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Fig. 3 +) + + + + + +Type: +— +China +, +Chongqing +, Wulong district, Xiannü Shan, +14 August 2021 +, elev. +1780 m +, +F. Chen, X.B. Shi & F.F. Xu XLS21-095 +( +holotype +IBSC, +isotypes +CQNM). + + + + +Description: +—Herbs +30–150 cm +tall, perennial. Stems erect, ribbed, pubescent with densely long multicellular hairs. Basal and lower cauline leaves with petioles to +10 cm +long, fringed with triangular teeth and with an apical spine ca. +3–5 mm +long; leaf blade elliptic, 15–25 × +8–15 cm +, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect; segments 6–8 pairs, ± narrowly elliptic or triangular, with numerous unequal triangular teeth laterally and with an apical spine ca. +4 mm +long. Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate amplexicaul, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, pinnatilobate to pinnatipartite; segments ca 5 pairs, triangular, with 1–3 unequal triangular teeth laterally and with an apical spine +2–4 mm +long; terminal segment largest. All leaves discolorous, abaxially grayish white and densely tomentose and abaxially densely pubescent with crispate multicellular hairs along veins, adaxially green, pubescent with crispate multicellular hairs. Capitula sparsely racemose, nodding. Involucre campanulate, +3–4 cm +in diam., sparsely cobwebby. Phyllaries in ca. 7 rows, margin entire, lacking marginal spinules, wings, and scarious appendage, imbricate, outer phyllaries much shorter than inner ones; outer and middle phyllaries lanceolate, +1–1.5 cm +long, basal portion linear, apical portion subulate, patent to reflexed, and narrowed into a spine +3 mm +long; inner phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, ca. +2 cm +long, apex acuminate. Florets bisexual. Corolla white, ca. +1.6 cm +long, tube ca. +0.6 cm +long. Achene brown, ca. +4 mm +long. Pappus bristles dirty white, ca. +1.7 cm +long. + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Cirsium wulongense + +in the wild (Xiannü Shan, Wulong district, Chongqing, China). A. Habitat. B. Stem. C. Root. D. Basal leaves. E. Cauline leaves. F, G. Capitula. H. Longitudinal section of capitulum. I, J. Florets. K. Phyllaries. L. Achenes. Photographed by Feng Chen, based on +F. Chen, X.B. Shi & F.F. Xu XLS21-095 +(IBSC). + + + +Phenology: +—Flowering from August to October. + + + + +Etymology: +—The specific epithet + +“ +wulongense + +” is derived from the +type +locality, i.e. Wulong district in +Chongqing +, +China +. The Chinese name is “ +ẑĸfi +” (wu long ji). + + + + +Distribution and habitat: +— + +Cirsium wulongense + +is currently only known from two localities ( +Fig. 4 +). One is the +type +locality, i.e. Xiannü Shan in Wulong district, +Chongqing +, +China +. From the Plant Photo Bank of +China +(http://ppbc. iplant.cn/tu/2837783), we found that this species also occurs in Zunyi city in +Guizhou province +. These two localities are very close to each other. It grows in grassy areas at the forest edge at altitudes of 1600–1800 meters. + + + +FIGURE 4. +Distribution of + +Cirsium wulongense + +(red circle). + + + + +Additional specimens examined:— +CHINA + +, + +Chongqing + +, Wulong district, Xiannü Shan, elev. +1651 m +, +14 August 2021 +, +F. Chen, X.B. Shi & F.F. Xu XLS21-093 +(CBNM, IBSC). + + +Note:— +Because its phyllaries lack marginal spinules, wings, and scarious appendage and its leaves abaxially lack spinules, the new species should belong to + +Cirsium +sect. +Cirsium + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A8/1D/87/A81D87B1710DFFD6FF06FE5EFBFA8A70.xml b/data/A8/1D/87/A81D87B1710DFFD6FF06FE5EFBFA8A70.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0ae22f04232 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A8/1D/87/A81D87B1710DFFD6FF06FE5EFBFA8A70.xml @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ + + + +A newly described Lomatogonium madhmaheshwariansis is a synonym of Swertia alpina + + + +Author + +Kumar, Aashish +0000-0003-3768-0276 +Village and post Basera, Muzaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh) - 251310 +aashishdeshwal848@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Singh, Harsh +0000-0002-9416-895X +Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong- 793022, Meghalaya, INDIA +harshchamlegi@gmail.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-15 + + +663 + + +1 + + +55 +58 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.7 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.7 +1179-3163 +14516016 + + + + + + +Swertia alpina +U.C.Bhattach. & S.Agrawal (1981: 47) + +. +Figs. 1 + + + + + +Type +:— +India +, +Uttarakhand +, Kedarnath glacial valley, Chamoli Garhwal, North West Himalaya, +4000 m +, + +27 +th +Sept. 1958 + +, + +M +. +A +. Rau 8701 + + + +( +BSD +). + +=Lomatognium +madhmaheshwariansis + +(2023: 5) +syn.nov. +Type +:— +India +, Himalayan Region, +Uttarakhand +, Rudraprayag district, Budha-Madhmaheshwar valley, +30°37′59.286″N +, +79°12′40.183″E +, + + +3485 m +a.s.l. +, + +15 +th +Sept. 2021 + +, +Singh et al. 334 810 +( +holotype +: +LWG +). + + + + +Description +:—Annual, +15–50 cm +long, herb. Stem erect, tetragonal, glabrous. Cauline leaves opposite, exstipulate, sessile, glabrous; middle ones on main stem, ovate-cordate to ovate-lanceolate, apices acute. Inflorescence axillary to terminal cymes of 2–6 clusters, lax in fruiting; penducles +0.7–3.5 cm +long, strict; bracts linear, sessile, acute; flowers purple in buds, +6–9 mm +long, pentamerous, pedicellate; pedicels +0.4–2.9 cm +long, terminal one longest; calyx lobed, 5, glabrous, persistent; lobes 4–6 × +1–2 mm +, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, margins serrulate; corolla rotate, persistent longer than the calyx; lobes 5, 6–8 × +3–4 mm +, ovate-lanceolate, acute; glands 2, on either side of the base of each lobe, minute, oblong-ovoid with hairy or sub-glabrous margins. Stamens 5, epipetalous; filaments filiform, +3–4 mm +long; anthers bluish, oblong, c. +1 mm +. Ovary oblong-elliptic, sessile, 4–5 × +2–3 mm +; style reduced; stigma 2 or bifid, hemispheric or reniform, papillose. Capsule oblong, sessile, 0.8–1.2 × +3.9 mm +, subincluded when ripe. Seeds numerous, brownish-black, sub-globose, c. 1 × +1 mm +; testa alveolate. + + +Flowering and Fruiting +:—Flowering in the month of August–September while fruiting in the month of September last–November. + + + + +Distribution +:—So far, the species is known in +Uttarakhand +at an elevation of +3000–4500 m +. + + +Habitat +:— + +Swertia alpina + +is growing in alpine pastures of mountain open slopes at elevations of +3200–4500 m +a.s.l. + + +Notes +:— + +Swertia alpina + +is well known species found in alpine pastures of an altitude of +3200–4500 m +a.s.l. +of the Himalayas. In 1981, U.C.Bhattacharya and Sunita Agrawal was described it in the Journal Bulletin Botanical Society, Bengal based on earlier collected plant materials of M.A.Rau (collection number 8701) from glacial valley of Kedarnath at an altitude of +4000 m +in 1958. The species epithet + +‘ +alpina + +’ meaning alpine was named after its occurrence in alpine pastures of +Uttarakhand +. Bhattacharya & Agrawal compared + +S. alpina + +with + +S. tetragona +Edgeworth (1846: 86) + +and is differentiated due to its ovate-cordate to ovate-lanceolate, sessile, margins not revolute, 3–5 nerved. ( +vs. +linear lanceolate, subsessile, margins slightly revolute, 1–3 nerved.), seeds brownish-black +1 mm +in size ( +vs. +seeds reddish-brown, less than +1 mm +in size. + +Lomatogonium madhmaheshwariansis + +which is newly described species was misidentified due to the fact that it has all the characters conspecific with + +S. alpina + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C0/72/7E/C0727E167D6DF126FF01F984063BFBD9.xml b/data/C0/72/7E/C0727E167D6DF126FF01F984063BFBD9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cdb481c8410 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C0/72/7E/C0727E167D6DF126FF01F984063BFBD9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,262 @@ + + + +A new Pseudostaurosira species (Bacillariophyta, Staurosiraceae) from lowland rivers and lakes in Europe (Atlantic Biogeographic Region) + + + +Author + +Vijver, Bart Van De +0000-0002-6244-1886 +Meise Botanic Garden, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology - ECOSPHERE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium +bart.vandevijver@plantentuinmeise.be + + + +Author + +Wetzel, Carlos E. +0000-0001-5330-0494 +Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg +carlos.wetzel@list.lu + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-15 + + +663 + + +1 + + +49 +54 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.6 + +journal article +306631 +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.6 +b2393695-9b92-4426-8b15-943eb6b75484 +1179-3163 +14515987 + + + + + + + +Pseudostaurosira katharinae +Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel + + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs 1–17 +LM, 18–27 SEM) + + + + +Frustules rectangular in girdle view, solitary or in pairs ( +Figs 1–2 +). Ribbon-like colonies so far not observed. Valve mantle broad, with a large hyaline abvalvar part. Mantle plaques small but distinctly present on the mantle edge ( +Figs 18–19 +). Girdle composed of several plain, open, ligulate copulae, each bearing a thin siliceous ridge ( +Figs 18–19 +). Valvocopula largest, plain ( +Figs 18–19 +). Most copulae fracted ( +Figs 18, 19 +& +26 +, arrows). Valves lanceolate to linearlanceolate in larger specimens, becoming more elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic in smallest valves ( +Figs 3–17 +). Valve margins convex to weakly convex, not linear. Apices broadly to cuneately rounded, rarely weakly protracted. Usually, one apex slightly depressed ( +Fig. 19 +, white arrow). Valve dimensions (n=30): valve length 9–15 μm, valve width 3.5–4.5 μm. Sternum broad, lanceolate, max width 1.2–1.8 µm. Occasionally sternum narrow but abruptly widening forming a rounded central area ( +Figs 11, 13 +). Striae uniseriate, weakly radiate, irregularly shortened throughout the entire valve length, +14–16 in +10 μm, composed of 1–3 areolae on valve face ( +Figs 20–22 +), and 1–3 areolae on valve mantle ( +Figs 18–19, 21 +). Areolae at valve face/mantle junction markedly larger, decreasing in diameter towards sternum ( +Figs 20–22 +). Mantle areolae separated from those on valve face by relatively long spines ( +Figs 22, 25 +). Spines and areolae on both mantle and valve face surrounded by small siliceous papillae, arranged in circles ( +Figs 21, 24 +). Apical pore fields present on both apices, large, composed of several rows of pores located in linear depressions between raised small siliceous papillae ( +Fig. 23 +). Internally, areolae located each in a single depression covered by rounded volae ( +Fig. 25 +). + + + + +FIGURES 1–25. + +Pseudostaurosira katharinae +Van de Vijver & C.E.Wetzel + + +sp. nov. + +LM and SEM taken from the holotype sample (BR- 4850, Bosbeek, Maaseik, Belgium). 1–2. LM pictures of two connected frustules in girdle view. 3–17. LM pictures of valves in valve face view in decreasing length. 18–19 SEM external view of a complete frustule in girdle view showing the girdle structure, the large mantle with the mantle plaques and the apical depression (white arrow). 20–22. SEM external view three valves showing the large sternum, the spine structure, the large apical pore fields and the areolae decreasing in diameter towards the sternum. Note the circular series of small siliceous papillae around the areolae and the spines. 23. SEM external detail of the valve apex with the apical pore field. 24. SEM external detail of the areolae and the spines. 25. SEM internal view of a complete valve. Scale bars: 10 μm (1–17); 1 μm (18–25). + + + + +Type:— +BELGIUM +. +Flanders +, Province of Limburg, Maaseik, Bosbeek, sample +APM +21-91, +51°5.6348’N +, +5°45.894’E +, coll. date +25 Jun. 2021 +, leg. Vlaamse Milieu maatschappij ( +VMM +) ( +holotype +slide BR-4850, +Fig. 5 +represents the +holotype +, +isotype +slide +448 in +Collection University of Antwerp, Belgium). + + +PhycoBank registration:— +http://phycobank.org/104825. + + + + +Etymology:— +The new species is named after +Katharina Wilfert +, oldest stepdaughter of the first author. + + + + +Ecology and distribution:— + +Pseudostaurosira katharinae + +was described from a small river near Maaseik, in the northeastern part of +Belgium +. The +type +locality had an almost circumneutral pH (6.9–7.3), a moderate conductivity (> 200 µS/cm), and higher sulphate ( +12–30 mg +/l) and nitrate levels ( +1.4–3.3 mg +/l). The associated flora was dominated by several small-celled araphid species such as, apart from + +P. katharinae + +, also larger populations of + +Staurosirella marginostriata +Van de Vijver & V.Peeters + +(in + +Van de Vijver +et al. +2024: 142 + +), + +S. stoksiana + +, + +Pseudostaurosira alvareziae + +and + +P. brevistriata + +. Other dominant species in the sample included + +Aulacoseira ambigua + +(Grunow in +Van Heurck 1882 +: pl. 88, figs 12–15) +Simonsen (1979: 56) +, + +A. granulata +( +Ehrenberg 1843b: 415 +) +Simonsen (1979: 58) + +and + +Navicula cryptocephala +Kützing (1844: 95) + +, pointing to more meso-eutrophic, alkaline conditions (Lange-Bertalot +et al. +2017). The species has also been found in a French lake (“ +Mare à Goriaux +”) ( +Figs 26 & 27 +). The Mare à Goriaux, an intraforest pond, is located within the perimeter of the Regional Natural Park of the Scarpe and Escaut Plains, at the southern edge of the Raismes, St-Amand, and Wallers state forest ( +Marchyllie, 1992 +). The pond, formed from mining subsidence caused by the exploitation of the Vicoigne and Arenberg pits, was originally a wetland due to groundwater outcrops. The exploitation of the Arenberg pit caused the most significant collapses, initially creating three ponds that merged around the 1930s to +form the +current Mare à Goriaux ( +Marchyllie, 1992 +). The high mineral content of the pond’s water is largely due to SO +4 +- +ions ( +6 to 700 mg +/l), +Cl- +ions ( +145 mg +/l), as well as Na ++ +ions ( +560 mg +/l) and Ca ++ +ions ( +110 mg +/l). + +It is likely that the species is more widespread than currently known due to confusion with similar taxa. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F1/09/C3/F109C35AFFE2FF8CFF1DFD9696C280D9.xml b/data/F1/09/C3/F109C35AFFE2FF8CFF1DFD9696C280D9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c52bbcbf09f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F1/09/C3/F109C35AFFE2FF8CFF1DFD9696C280D9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,727 @@ + + + +Validating the names of three species of Passiflora from the northern portion of South America + + + +Author + +Kuethe, J. R. +School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand + + + +Author + +Bernal, Hernan Dario +Passifloras de Colombia, Independent researcher and collection holder, Bogotá, Colombia + + + +Author + +Molinari, Miguel +Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Herbarium (MER), Mérida, Venezuela + + + +Author + +Vecchia, Maurizio +School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand & National Italian Passiflora Collection, Societá Botanica Italiana, Ripalta Cremasca, Italy & School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-20 + + +663 + + +2 + + +77 +89 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.3 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.3 +1179-3163 +14515919 + + + + + + +Passiflora rogitamensis +Molinari, Kuethe & Bernal + + +sp. nov +. + +( +Fig. 4 +). + + + + + +Type: +— + +COLOMBIA +. +Boyacá +: +Arcabuco +, + +Reserva Natural de la Sociedad Civil Rogitama + +, +05°47’24”N +, +73°27’26.29”W +, + +2470 m + +. a.s.l., + +4 October 2019 + +, (fl., fr.) + +M. Molinari +s.n. + +( +holotype +: JBB32921!; +isotypes +: +COL +) + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis +: + +— + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +is similar to + +P. longipes + +but differs in the colour of the corona (white +vs +. purple), shape and size of the stipules (oblong,> +3 cm +vs +. ovate, < +3 cm +), and the shape of the fruit (long ellipsoid +vs +. ovate-ovoid). It also differs notably in the shape and size of the leaves, which are linear oblong to lanceolate (up to +16 cm +), but ovate to oblong-ovate (up to +8 cm +) in + +P. longipes + +. + + + + +Description: +—climbing vine, +5–8 m +long, glabrous throughout, woody at base, younger parts occasionally somewhat glaucous. +Stems +terete, reddish-purple to green, internodal distance +5–16 cm +. +Stipules +2.5–4.2 × +1.1–2.3 cm +, semi-ovate or oblong, rounded or obtuse at base, sharp acute or aristulate at apex, margin entire, deep green with reddish venation. +Petioles +1.4–2.5 cm +long, terete, bearing 4 or 6 subopposite conspicuous nectaries within the apical quarter of the petiole length, the glands stipitate, very slightly globose at the tip, +1–2 mm +in length, green. +Leaf blade +6–16 × +2.1–4 cm +, linear oblong to lanceolate, obtuse or rounded to semi-rounded at base, acute to acuminate at apex, margin entire, foliar texture coriaceous to chartaceous, deep green and glabrous on both sides, often with reddish purple venation at underneath. +Inflorescence +solitary, very showy, borne on long peduncles. +Peduncles +6–14 cm +long, slender, pendent, green to reddish purple, articulate +1–1.5 cm +beneath the base of the flower. +Bracts +1.8–2.1 × +1.8–2 cm +, triangular to triangular-ovate, obtuse to cuneate at base, acute and mucronulate at apex, margins minutely serrated, reddish purple to light green. +Flowers +13–14 cm +in diameter, deep fuchsia pink; hypanthium 0.7–1 × +2.3–2.7 cm +, campanulate, green with purple outside, whitish-yellow inside; sepals 6.0–6.5 × +1.2–1.3 cm +, linear-oblong to linear, obtuse at apex, greenish yellowish abaxially, bright deep pink adaxially,, dorsally corniculate, awn +4–10 mm +long, green, thin; petals 4.7–5.3 × +0.8–1 cm +, subequal to the sepals, lanceolate-oblong to linear-oblong, slightly concave at apex, deep fuchsia pink on both sides, membranous; corona composed of 6–9 closely spaced filamentose series, whitish purplish to white becoming darker purple at base; outer series the shortest, +2–5 mm +long, filiform, deep purple to lavender, outfacing; intermediate series becoming progressively longer in length, +1.3–2.1 cm +, purple at base soon becoming whitish distally, filiform, erect; inner series hidden, +6–8 mm +, inclined towards the androgynophore, pinkish lavender to pinkish; operculum +6–7 mm +long, membranous, cleft nearly to base into clavate segments, greenish becoming purple distally, upper margin crenulate, terminating into dorsally attached filiform appendages,; limen whitish to whitish green, membranous, inclined upwards towards the base of the androgynophore, not spotted; androgynophore +3.8–4.6 cm +long, whitish to yellow speckled with pink; anthers +7–9 mm +long, pale yellow; ovary 1.31.5 × +3–5 mm +, ovoid to obovoid, glabrous, green with very pale white specks. +Fruit +4.5–7 × +2.5–4 cm +, ellipsoid, terminating in an elongated semi-acute tip on both ends, glaucous, light green to yellowish green when mature with slightly mottled white variegation, inedible; mesocarp white; arils dark grey. +Seeds +black [not measured]. + + +Phenology: +— + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +was found in flower in December and January and with fruit in January to March. + + + + +Etymology: +— + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +is named after the Rogitama Biological Reserve in +Colombia +. This was the location where it was first collected by Miguel Molinari who introduced the species under this name. + + + + +Distribution: +— + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +is known only from the Departments of +Boyaca +and +Santander +, northeast +Colombia +, where it was found near to the cities of Arcabuco and Tunja ( +Fig. 1 +). It is commonly sighted in the dense cloud forest reserve of its namesake Reserva Rogitama Biodiversidad in +Boyaca department +, where it grows at elevations between 2000 and +2750 m +above sea level. Another notable population was seen in the Paramo de Iguaque near to the city of Tunja. It grows as a moderate to large, tendrillate vine in the undergrowth of dense rain and cloud forest. It was reported by the collectors that this species rarely (if ever) grows in direct sunlight. + + +Conservation: +—There have been several occurrences of + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +reported on public science websites such as iNaturalist or Flickr, indicating a moderate to high abundance of this species within its natural habitat. The largest population of + +P. rogitamensis + +is seen within the Rogitama Biological Reserve, which is a protected forest reserve that should help protect this species’ longterm survival. AOO is +3150 km +2 +, EOO is +24 km +2 +, scaling the species as Endangered (EN) criteria B1, B2civ and D. + + + + +Paratypes +: + +— +COLOMBIA +. +Boyacá +. +Arcabuco +, +Reserva Rogitama +, + +2450 m + +, + +16 October 2004 + +, + +G. Morales- +Lizcano +6369 + +( +JBB +) + +; + +Rogitama Reserve +near to +Arcabuco +, +Vereda Peñas Blancas +, +Hacienda Las Delicias +, +05°46’56″N +, +73°26’37″W +, + +2300 m + +.a.s.l., + +11 May 1996 + +, (fl.) + +J.L. Fernández-Alonso +14097 + +( +COL +) + +; + +Arcabuco +, +Via +que conduce a +Bucaramanga. +“La Cumbre”, + +2300 m + +, + +22 May 1980 + +, (fl.) + +J.E. Valencia +11 + +( +COL +) + +; + +ibid +., +Via Arcabuco-Moniquira +, cañon +de Arcabuco +, + +2600 m + +.a.s.l., + +14 May 1996 + +, + +J.L. Fernández-Alonso +14235 + +( +COL +) + +; + +Duitama +, +Trayecto +entre la vereda +El Carmen +y +Virolín +, páramo +La Rusia +, +05°57′58″N +, +73°09′57″W +, + +1900 m + +.a.s.l., + +21 November 1994 + +, (fl.) + +J.L. Fernández-Alonso +12097 + +( +COL +, +MA +) + +; + +Santander +. +Floridablanca +, between +Tona +and +El Doce +, +07°07′18″N +, +73°04′37″W +, + +1750 m + +.a.s.l., + +21 June 2004 + +, + +J.L. Fernández-Alonso +21527 + +( +COL +) + +; + +Charalá +, +Carretera El Carmen +a +Virolin +, +Duitama +, +05°57′49″N +, +73°11′39″W +, + +2300 m + +.a.s.l., + +1 November 1994 + +, (fl.) + +J.L. Fernández-Alonso +12286 + +( +COL +) + +; + +Onzaga +, +Paramo Las Vegas +, montanos de +Las Vegas +, +06°19’N +, +072°44’W +, + +2300 m + +.a.s.l., + +20 December 1926 + +, + +E. Killip +& +A. Smith +15911 + +( +US +) + +; + +Charalá +, +Vereda Santa Helena +, predio la +Sierra +, +Santuario de Fauna +y Flora Guanentá Alto +Río Fonce +, +06°00′24″N +, +73°08′53″W +, + +2450 m + +.a.s.l., + +13 November 1997 + +, (fl.) + +J.J. Cadena +83 + +( +COL +) + +. + + +Cultivated collections: +—Bagsvaerd Collection ( +Denmark +), +F.R. Stausholm; +Jardin Botanico +Bogota +( +Colombia +), +G. Morales; +Passiflorahoeve ( +Netherlands +), +A. Lommen; +RBG Kew ( +UK +), +C. Magdalena. + + +Notes: +— + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +belongs to + +Passiflora +subg. +Passiflora + +supersect. + +Stipulata +sect. +Kermesinae +(Cervi) +Feuillet & MacDougal (2003: 38) + +for having elongated, often pendent peduncles (> +5 cm +), 4–6 stipitate petiolar nectaries and flowers with complex coronal structures containing more than 4 series of filaments. Among the several species with a +nomen nudum +, + +P. rogitamensis + +appears to be the most used in [sub-]scientific databases (iNaturalist, biodiversity4all, minambiente.gov.co) and floral surveys (e.g., +Ocampo 2018 +).Although, hypothetically, the application of such a name that is not validly published is unfounded, and therefore the name should not be used in any scientific writing. + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +is most similar to + +P. longipes +Jussieu (1805: 111) + +and was often identified as such during earlier collections. However, the two species can readily be identified by the difference in foliar shape. In + +P. rogitamensis +, + +the leaves are distinctly longer (up to +16 cm +in length), narrow oblong to lanceolate, with large oblong stipules measuring up to +4–5 cm +in length. In contrast, + +P. longipes + +has ovate to oblong-ovate leaves no more than +8 cm +in length, with ovate stipules up to +3 cm +in length. The corona of + +P. rogitamensis + +is a very light purple to whitish pink in colour, while in + +P. longipes + +the corona is dark purple to blue. There is also a strong allopatry in habitat and distribution: with + +P. rogitamensis + +being found in south-facing hills of northern +Boyacá +and +Santander +, but + +P. longipes + +confined to the west-facing slopes of the department of +Cundinamarca +. + + +There remains some assertion that + +Passiflora rogitamensis + +should be named + +P. longipes +var. +oxyphylla +L. +Uribe (1977: 15) + +, for the species strongly resembling the [insufficient] description and subsequent herbarium filed under this name, however. +Uribe (1977) +allocated his own specimen collected from Subachoque, +Cundinamarca +(COL99282) as acting +holotype +, delivering a manuscript with merely a single sentence stating the leaf to be ovate-lanceolate with an acuminate apex as the defining trait to this species ( +Uribe, 1977 +). The +paratype +(COL333274), collected nearby Virolín in +Boyacá +, was described as having solely narrow elliptic-lanceolate leaves with acute apices. No defining traits concerning the flower, fruit or other vegetative traits were provided. Upon studying both those specimens, however, it became overwhelmingly evident that the +holotype +and +paratype +do not correspond with the same species; with the +holotype +featuring a typical + +P. longipes + +found across +Cundinamarca +and the +paratype +being consistent with + +P. rogitamensis + +found from +Boyaca +up into +Santander +. This was supported further by recent collections in both of these areas (e.g., iNaturalist observations: 115774902 and 50654857, as well as the photos presented in this paper). For the fact that the +holotype +and +paratype +do not correspond, combined with the explicit +holotype +belonging to a plant of + +P. longipes +, + +the validity of the taxon “ + +Passiflora longipes +var. +oxyphylla + +” can be called into question. To resolve this, either the taxon needs to be redescribed with a new type ( +neotype +) assigned or to segregate this conundrum and apply the popular name + +P. rogitamensis + +as it has already been used in surveys and literature to this point. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F1/09/C3/F109C35AFFE5FF8FFF1DFD2C92C38565.xml b/data/F1/09/C3/F109C35AFFE5FF8FFF1DFD2C92C38565.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a3673f494a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F1/09/C3/F109C35AFFE5FF8FFF1DFD2C92C38565.xml @@ -0,0 +1,537 @@ + + + +Validating the names of three species of Passiflora from the northern portion of South America + + + +Author + +Kuethe, J. R. +School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand + + + +Author + +Bernal, Hernan Dario +Passifloras de Colombia, Independent researcher and collection holder, Bogotá, Colombia + + + +Author + +Molinari, Miguel +Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Herbarium (MER), Mérida, Venezuela + + + +Author + +Vecchia, Maurizio +School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand & National Italian Passiflora Collection, Societá Botanica Italiana, Ripalta Cremasca, Italy & School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-20 + + +663 + + +2 + + +77 +89 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.3 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.2.3 +1179-3163 +14515919 + + + + + + +Passiflora azulitensis +Molinari & Kuethe + + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs. 2 +and +3 +). + + + + + +Type: +— + +VENEZUELA +. +Mérida +: 2, + +2 km +South-East of La Azulita + +, on the road from + +La Azulita + +to +Mérida +, +08°41.659’N +, +71°26.290’W +, + +1386 m + +.a.s.l., + +18 June 2004 + +, (fl.), + +M. Molinari +s.n. + +[TYPE established from cultivated material], grown in the + + +UK +at the +National Collection + +Passiflora +, +J. Vanderplank + +( +holotype +: NCP 2523/22A!; +isotype +: NCP!) + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis +: + +— + +Passiflora azulitensis + +differs from + +P. adenopoda + +and + +P. morifolia + +by the small (< +2.5 cm +vs. +> +2.5 cm +), completely white flowers ( +vs. +white with purple in + +P. adenopoda + +and + +P. morifolia + +); corona that is shorter than +3 mm +and recurved ( +vs. +> +3 mm +and straight), leaves with denticulate ( +vs. +serrate or crenulate) margins and deeply serrate to ciliate ( +vs. +smooth or shallowly serrate) stipular margins. + + + + +Description: +—Climbing vine, +4–6 m +long with perennial stems, semi-woody at base, finely pubescent throughout with whitish uncinate trichomes. +Stems +terete, internodal distance +4.2–12 cm +. +Stipules +20–22 × +11–12 mm +, oblongobovate or semi-circular, subcordate at base, caudate at apex, the margin with 9–10 denticulate or caudate teeth, ciliolate, green. +Petioles +4.5–5 cm +long, terete, biglandular with one opposite pair positioned +5–8 mm +below the base of the blade, hemispherical and sessile to long-stipitate, often cup-shaped with opening abaxially, 5–6 × +2.8–3 mm +, green. +Leaf blade +14–22 × +13–20 cm +, palmately 5(–7)-lobed, lobation borne +4–5 cm +from base, lobes 8–17 × +2–4 cm +, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, intermediate lobe the longest, squarely cordate at base, acuminate to acute at apex, margins (dentate) denticulate or apiculate with serrulate teeth terminating into mucros; foliar texture membranous, deep green on upper surface, dullish green below. +Inflorescence +solitary or in pairs, inconspicuous, borne on short peduncles. +Peduncles +3–4 cm +long, green, articulate 2.0– +2.7 cm +from the base of the flower. +Bracts +3–5 × +2–3 mm +, located in lower half of peduncle, acutely linear or reduced to a three-lobed spinifex structure, widely obtrullate in general outline, laciniate, green. +Flowers +2.2–2.5 cm +in diameter, white entirely; hypanthium +11–13 mm +in diameter, deeply campanulate, green to pale green outside, whitish inside; sepals 12–15 × +8–11 mm +, ovate-triangular to somewhat oblong, at base tapering to an acute to acuminate at apex, greenish abaxially, whitish adaxially, conspicuously cornate or corniculate near apex, awn +1–2 mm +long, green, thick; petals 13–16 × +6–7 mm +, subequal to sepals, ovate-oblong to ovate, truncate at apex, pure white at both sides, membranous; coronal composed of a single denticulate series, +2–2.5 mm +long, pure white throughout, slightly recurved; operculum 2.4–3.0 mm long, membranous, recurved and cleft to the base, margin denticulate, white and unmarked; limen whitish, much reduced, not spotted; androgynophore +8–9 mm +long, white, not speckled; anthers ca. 4.0 mm long, orange-yellow; ovary 4–4.5 × +3.2–3.8 mm +, ellipsoid, glabrous to minutely tomentose, green. +Fruit +5–5.2 × +4–4.5 cm +, widely ellipsoid or sometimes obovate, rounded at apex, glabrous or finely pubescent, pink-purple when mature, inedible; mesocarp whitish with slightly greenish and purple marks; arils bright orange to reddish. +Seeds +black [not measured]. + + +Phenology: +—This species was found in flower between June and September, and subsequent flowers produced in cultivation in +Venezuela +cohort with these months. Fruit was produced subsequently, with maturity in Venezuelan cultivation between August and September. + + + + +Etymology: +—The epithet + +“ +azulitensis + +” is chosen after the small region where the species was found; La Azulita, +Merida state +. + + + + +FIGURE 2. A–F +. Comparative morfology showing leaves and flowers of the related species to + +Passiflora azulitensis + +. +A, B +. + +Passiflora azulitensis +, La Azulita + +, Venezuela; +C, D +. + +Passiflora guayaquilensis, +El Oro + +province, Ecuador; +E, F +. + +Passiflora adenopoda +, + +Merida, Venezuela. Photo courtesy by Miguel Molinari (A), J.R. Kuethe (B, E, F), and Xavier Cornejo (C, D). + + + + +Distribution: +— + +Passiflora azulitensis + +can be found only within a small virgin area nearby La Azulita belonging to the +Merida state +, +Venezuela +( +Fig. 1 +). This rich biodiverse region is perched on the northern flanks of the +Venezuela +Andes, where it grows at elevations of about +700–1000 m +in dense, pre-montane rain and cloud forest. Rather contrasting from its semi-arid Mexican relatives, + +Passiflora azulitensis + +was found in a region marked by very intense rainfall, with high levels of humidity and precipitation year-round. This species was seen growing as a robust vine up trees and large bushes, with merely the free-hanging branches giving away its presence. + + +Conservation: +—With merely two known collections both from within this small virgin area, the abundance and thus conservation for + +Passiflora azulitensis + +is alarmingly limited. The area is not under any protection by a reserve or forest protectorate, and deforestation or urban development are a significant threat to the long term survival of this species in the wild. Although with just two collection sites there is too little geographic data available to calculate an acurate AOO and EOO (essentially scaling it as DD), the authors chose to keep the species as CR criteria B1a, C1, C2ai and D (IUCN 2023). + + + +Additional specimens +in situ +: + +—No additional specimens were found in other herbaria. + + +Cultivated collections: +—Blumen & + +Passiflora + +( +Germany +), +M. Drews +; Madeira + +Passiflora +Gardens, +P. Mendonca + +; + +Passiflora + +collection +Austria +, +M. Varga +; Passiflorahoeve ( +Netherlands +), +P. Moerman +; Passifloratuin ( +Netherlands +), +H.v. Aals +t; Portland Botanical Gardens ( +USA +), +D. Pogust +; RBG Kew ( +UK +), +C. Magdalena +; The Italian Collection ( +Italy +), +M. Vecchia +; National + +Passiflora + +Collection ( +UK +), +J. Vanderplank. + + +Notes: +— + +Passiflora azulitensis + +belongs to + +Passiflora +subgen. +Decaloba + +supersect. +Bryonioides +(Harms) J.M. MacDougal & +Feuillet (2003: 34) +, for having uncinate foliar vestiture, conspicuous stipules, biglandular petioles, and a distinctive floral structure with a uniserial corona. This alliance of species is mostly confined to the semi-arid habitats of +Mexico +and +Guatemala +, with a few of its members spread widely across the South American domains including +Colombia +, +Ecuador +, and +Brazil +where it inhabits mostly non-Amazonian habitats like Andean or the Brazilian cerrado ( +MacDougal 1994 +). + +Passiflora azulitensis + +is remarkable among this group for it being confined solely to a small, tropical wet region of +Venezuela +, where it grows in dense premontane rainforest with high levels of humidity year-round. + + + +FIGURE 3. A–C +. + +Passiflora azulitensis +. + +, Lankaster Composite Dissection Plate (LCDP); +A. +flower +in situ +; longitudinal of the flower ( +A1 +), floral orientation and bracts +in situ +( +A2 +), detail of the bracts ( +A3 +), detail of the reduced corona ( +A4 +); +B. +habit and vegetative characteristics of + +P. azulitensis +, + +with detail of the stipules ( +B1 +), petiolar nectaries ( +B2 +), and foliar margin ( +B3 +); +C. +A mature fruit found +in situ +. Compiled from photographs taken by Miguel Molinari, Andrés Miguel Orellana and J.R. Kuethe. + + + +Vegetatively, + +Passiflora azulitensis + +is near identical to + +P. adenopoda +DC. (1828: 330) + +which can also be found in the Venezuelan Andes but is spread widely across the northern Andean countries including +Ecuador +and +Colombia +. Being variable in nature, the leaves, stipules and petiolar nectaries of + +P. adenopoda + +share identical shapes and sizes to + +P. azulitensis + +, however, the radically different floral and habitat characteristics warrants the recognition of + +P. azulitensis + +as an independent taxon. The flowers of + +P. azulitensis + +are entirely white, upright to subhorizontal, and measure less than +2.5 cm +in diameter. In contrast, the flowers of + +P. adenopoda + +are white with purple bands, pendent, and measure 4–5(–6) cm in diameter. + +Passiflora azulitensis + +also shares some resemblance to + +P. morifolia +Mast. (1872: 555) + +and + +P. guayaquilensis +Conejo & +Kuethe (2022: 2) + +, the latter of which sharing the ubiquitously white coloration of the corolla. However, it differs by the foliaceous serrate, ciliolate stipules that measure up to +2 cm +in length: while in both + +P. morifolia + +and + +P. guayaquilensis + +the stipules are ovate-caudate with entire margin and measure no more than +1 cm +in length. + + + + \ No newline at end of file