diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF812E35FF4EFCC65F9FFC19.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF812E35FF4EFCC65F9FFC19.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c4072e3049d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF812E35FF4EFCC65F9FFC19.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+13.
+
+Plukenetia megastyla
+Card.-McTeag. & L.J.Gillespie
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+BOLIVIA
+
+. Depto.
+Santa Cruz
+,
+Prov. Guarayos
+(formerly Prov. Nuflo de Chavez),
+
+4 km
+N of Perseverencia
+
+, [
+-14.68333°
+,
+-62.80000°
+],
+
+275 m
+
+,
+
+9 September 1990
+
+,
+
+M.H. Nee
+38682
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+NY
+! [barcode
+02286564
+]
+
+;
+
+isotype
+:
+MO
+! [accession
+3816603
+, barcode
+MO-2001411
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Similar to
+
+P. brachybotrya
+Müll.Arg.
+
+and
+
+P. brevistyla
+Card.
+
+- McTeag. & L.J.Gillespie, but differs by having an oblong-obovoid stylar column with a truncate apex,
+2.6–4.4 mm
+long.
+
+
+
+
+Monoecious vines to slender lianas; stems erect or twining; older stems light brown and tan when dry, to;
+5 mm
+in diam, striate, glabrate; younger stems smooth to striate, puberulous.
+Leaves
+alternate, evergreen; stipules narrowly triangular to deltoid,
+0.3–1 mm
+long, persistent; petioles with thickened, often purplish, pulvinus-like regions at the base and apex, entire petiole
+0.7–3.5 cm
+long, glabrate except sparsely puberulous when young; blades simple, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic (rarely ovate-elliptic), 7–19.8 ˟
+1.8–7.5 cm
+, thick-chartaceous, both surfaces glabrate except sparsely puberulous on abaxial major veins when very young, base cuneate to obtuse, margins remotely serrulate, apex usually cuspidate, sometimes acuminate or attenuate, tip
+0.4–1.6 cm
+long; venation pinnate, primary vein 1, secondary veins 5–7(–9) on each side of the midrib, weakly brochidodromous, tertiary veins percurrent, sometimes reticulate towards the midrib; stipels and glandular knobs absent adaxially at petiole apex; adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 2, narrowly to broadly oblong-elliptic, obovate, round-deltoid, or sometimes irregularly obtriangular, rarely with an additional smaller nectary above, 1.0–2.4 ˟
+0.4–1.7 mm
+; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries (3–)6–14 per side (rarely absent),
+0.2–0.7 mm
+in diam, near the margins on distal 9/10th to 4/fifth of the blade, adaxial laminar nectaries absent.
+Inflorescences
+axillary, bisexual racemose thyrses,
+0.6–3 cm
+long, 1(2)/axil; peduncle absent (rarely
+0.2–0.3 mm
+long); axes very sparsely to moderately puberulous throughout (sometimes more puberulous distally); staminate bracts ovate to broadly ovate,
+0.4–1.1 mm
+long, puberulous (sometimes only along the margins and at the apex); pistillate bracts ovate, sometimes deltoid, (0.3–)
+0.7–1 mm
+long, sparsely to densely puberulous; staminate flowers numerous, distal, 1–3(4)/node in condensed cymules (appearing short racemose if 3–4 flowers); pistillate flowers 1, basal (may appear to arise from the leaf axil), usually fallen or in fruit when staminate flowers are at or near anthesis.
+Staminate flowers:
+pedicel
+12.8–14.8 mm
+long at anthesis, sparsely puberulous (densely when young); bud subglobose to ovoid, sometimes depressed and wider than long, apex rounded; sepals 3–4, incurved to spreading at anthesis, ovate to broadly ovate, 1–2.4 ˟
+0.5–1.7 mm
+, apex obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely to moderately puberulous; receptacle subglobose to globose, fully covered with anthers; nectary an extrastaminal annular ring, upper surface sometimes undulate or uneven; androecium subglobose, 0.6–0.9 ˟
+0.8–1.3 mm
+, stamens 20–30, filaments absent, anther sacs ellipsoid, dehiscing longitudinally.
+Pistillate flowers:
+pedicel (comprising cyme axis and true pedicel)
+12.9–24.7 mm
+long, glabrate to sparsely puberulous; sepals 4, triangular, sometimes deltoid to broadly triangular, 0.5–1.2 ˟
+0.4–0.7 mm
+, puberulous; ovary 4-lobed, 0.8–1.7 ˟
+1–2 mm
+, lobes rounded and laterally compressed, glabrate except puberulous along midline of the lobe,conspicuous wings or horns absent;styles 4, entirely connate into an oblong-obovoid column, 2.6–4.4 ˟
+2.6–3.7 mm
+, base constricted and
+0.9–1.6 mm
+wide, apex truncate, with a central dimple when young, unlobed distally, glabrate; stigmas 4, light yellow-brown/tan or purple-red when dry, round-deltoid to circular, 0.8–1.1(2) mm long each, smooth.
+Fruits
+4-lobed capsules, 0.7–1.1 ˟
+1–1.6 cm
+, surface irregularly verrucose, glabrous or glabrate, each carpel lobe subglobose, usually with a short tubercle
+0.4–1.4 mm
+long, sometimes unornamented; stylar columns persistent, oblong-obovoid, apex truncate and dilated; pedicel (comprising cyme axis and true pedicel) (12)
+25–35 mm
+long.
+Seeds
+broadly lenticular, laterally compressed, elliptic to circular in outline, 4.8–5.2 ˟ 5–5.9 ˟
+3.8–4.2 mm
+, surface light to golden brown, sometimes with dark brown irregular splotches, weakly rugulose; testa persistent.
+Figure 8
+.
+
+
+Pollen
+—Tricolpate, oblate spheroidal (P/
+E = 0.88
+–1.1), polar axis
+
+32.9–45
+m
+
+m, equatorial axis
+
+31–51
+m
+
+m; amb subcircular; colpi broad, margins uneven and jagged; tectum coarsely reticulate (voucher:
+Sperling et al. 6161
+CAN).
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+—The specific epithet is derived from
+mega
+- (Greek, large or great) and
+-styla
+(Latin, -styled), and refers to the large stylar columns that differentiate this from similar species.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution, Habitat, and Phenology
+—This species is known from two disjunct ranges in the southern Amazon basin: 1)
+Brazil
+, in southeastern Pará; and 2)
+Bolivia
+, in eastern
+Beni
+and
+Santa Cruz
+, and
+Brazil
+, in western
+Mato Grosso
+(
+Fig. 6
+). They are slender lianas climbing on trees in terra firme rainforest with high canopies, growing in primary or disturbed primary forest along trails or forest edges, on flat lands or low hills from
+140–738 m
+elevation. Flowering and fruiting specimens were collected from February to November in Pará and from August to November in
+Mato Grosso
+and
+Bolivia
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—
+Plukenetia megastyla
+
+is morphologically similar to
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+but differs by having thick oblong-obovoid stylar columns,
+2.6–4.4 mm
+long (
+Fig. 8
+), petioles with thickened, often purplish, pulvinus-like regions at the base and apex, and thick-chartaceous leaf blades, compared to short depressed-subglobose stylar columns,
+0.3–1 mm
+long (
+Fig. 5
+), petioles with more or less uniform thickness (sometimes darker in colour at the base and apex), and subcoriaceous leaf blades in
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+. Additionally, the annular nectary of
+
+P. megastyla
+
+appears to be consistently present (
+Fig. 8G
+), whereas the nectary of
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+is variable and can be annular, 3-lobed, or not evident. Both species are distributed in the Amazon basin, with
+
+P. megastyla
+
+along the southern boundary of the region and
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+near the main stem of the Amazon River (
+Fig. 6
+). A previous molecular phylogeny based on two plastid (
+matK
+,
+ndhF
+) and five nuclear (ETS, ITS,
+
+KEA
+1
+
+introns 11 and 17,
+TEB
+exon 17) markers resolved
+
+P. megastyla
+
+(referred to as
+
+P.
+aff.
+brachybotrya
+
+;
+Ledezma et al. 921
+,
+Sperling et al. 5873
+,
+6161
+) in a strongly supported clade with
+
+P. supraglandulosa
+
+(
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+; summarized in
+Fig. 1
+). The ETS phylogeny of this study recovered
+
+P. megastyla
+
+in a poorly resolved polytomy within sect.
+Penninerviae
+, distinct from
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+(
+Fig. 4
+). Both
+
+P. megastyla
+
+and
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+are vegetatively similar to
+
+P. brachybotrya
+
+, but the latter differs in its short massive globose stylar columns,
+2–2.5 mm
+long (
+Fig. 3C
+), staminate flowers 1/node (compared to 1–3(4)/node), and primarily western Amazon distribution.
+
+
+
+FIG.8.
+
+Plukenetia megastyla
+
+sp. nov.
+A. Branch with mature leaves and inflorescences. B. Capsule.C.Capsule segment with seed. D. Columella. E. Seed, lateral view (left), ventral view (right). F. Close-up of staminate cymules. G. Staminate flower. H. Pistillate flower. I. Adaxial leaf blade with basilaminar extrafloral nectaries. J. Abaxial leaf blade margin with laminar extrafloral nectaries. K. Close-up of inflorescence. Photos by W. Cardinal-McTeague. Source: A, G.
+
+Silva
+et al.6161
+
+(NY); B, I–J.
+Plowman 8741
+(NY);C–E.
+Ledezma et al.921
+(CAN); F, H, K.
+Nee 38682
+(NY).(Abbreviations: an = annular nectary; o = ovary; s = style. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–K = 1 mm).
+
+
+
+Sperling et al. 5873
+(NY1461553) is unusual for having an aberrant pistillate flower with a slender-cylindrical stylar column and dilated apex. A younger pistillate flower on the sheet appears to have the typical oblong-obovoid stylar column.
+
+
+
+
+
+Specimens Examined
+—
+
+
+
+Bolivia
+.
+
+—
+
+BENI
+
+: Prov.
+Iténez
+, Canton
+Mateguá
+,
+
+Campamento móvil Cerro Azul ubicado a
+30 km
+de la Comunidad de Tiquin
+
+, [
+-13.816°
+,
+-62.761°
+],
+
+738 m
+
+,
+
+4 November 2006
+
+,
+
+Ledezma
+et al.
+921
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+[accession 6057037, barcode
+MO-2115208
+])
+
+. —
+
+
+SANTA
+CRUZ
+
+:
+Prov. Velasco
+,
+Los Fierros
+,la senda hacia la meseta adentro bosque alto,[-14.558°,-60.861°],
+
+200 m
+
+,
+
+20 August 1996
+
+,
+
+Jardim
+et al. 3336
+
+(
+MO
+[accession 04850338, barcode
+MO-1706758
+])
+
+.
+
+
+Brazil
+.
+
+—
+
+MATO
+GROSSO
+
+: Mun.
+Vila Bela da Sant´ıssima Trindade
+,
+
+41 km
+NNW of Pontes e Lacerda on BR364 to Vilhena
+
+, [-14.950°, -59.583°],
+
+31 October 1985
+
+,
+
+
+Thomas
+
+et al. 4732
+
+(
+NY
+[barcode
+010064912
+]).
+
+—
+
+
+PARÁ
+
+, Mun.
+Conceiçao~ do Araguaia
+,
+
+range of low hills ca.
+20 km
+west of Redençao~, near Sao ~ Jo~ ao and Troncamento Santa Teresa
+
+, approx. [-8.050°, -50.167°],
+
+350–620 m
+
+,
+
+12 February 1980
+
+,
+
+Plowman
+et al.
+8741
+
+(
+NY
+[barcode
+01461555
+])
+
+;
+
+Mun.
+Conceiç~ ao do Araguaia
+,
+
+100 km
+south of Redenç~ ao on road (PA-150) to Barreiras dos Campos, Fazenda Inajapora~ between Rio Inajazinho and Rio Inajá
+
+, approx. [-8.750°, -50.417°],
+
+210 m
+
+,
+
+19 February 1980
+
+,
+
+Plowman
+et al.
+8908
+
+(
+NY01461551
+)
+
+;
+
+Serra dos Carajás
+,
+1–4 km
+along road from camp AZUL toward AMZA camp N-1, [-6.100°, -50.283°],
+
+550–600 m
+
+,
+
+28 May 1982
+
+,
+Sperling et al. 5873
+(
+MO
+[accession 4249342, barcode
+MO-2001412
+],
+NY
+[barcode 1461553])
+
+;
+
+Serra dos Carajás
+,
+2–10 km
+southeast of ferry crossing on
+Rio Itacaiúnas
+, [-5.917°, -50.483°], ca.
+
+225 m
+
+,
+
+14 June 1982
+
+,
+Sperling et al. 6161
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+[accession 4247783, barcode
+MO-2001413
+],
+NY
+,
+US
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF832E33FC83F8435CB4FD0B.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF832E33FC83F8435CB4FD0B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b2565e29d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF832E33FC83F8435CB4FD0B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+12.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+LORETENSIS
+Ule, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg
+
+50: 81. 1908
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Apodandra loretensis
+(Ule) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV, 147, IX (Heft 68): 21. 1919.
+
+
+
+
+FIG. 7.
+
+Plukenetia chocoensis
+
+sp. nov.
+A. Branch with mature leaves and inflorescences. B. Capsule fragments. C. Pistillate flower. D. Adaxial leaf blade with basilaminar extrafloral nectaries. E. Abaxial leaf blade margin with laminar extrafloral nectaries. F. Close-up of staminate cymules.G.Staminate flower. Photos by W. Cardinal-McTeague. Source:A, C–G.
+Gentry et al.47799
+(MO); B.
+Cuatracasas 14006
+(US). (Abbreviations: an = annular nectary; o = ovary; s = style. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–G = 1 mm).
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+PERU
+
+.
+Iquitos
+,
+
+April 1903
+
+,
+
+E. Ule
+6837
+
+(holotype: B [destroyed];
+lectotype
+designated here:
+L
+[accession
+601470
+, barcode
+L 0137704
+; image!]
+
+;
+
+isolectotypes
+:
+F
+! [accession
+767223
+, barcode
+V0042476F
+; fragment ex G]
+
+,
+
+G
+! [barcode
+G00441994
+]
+
+,
+
+HBG
+[barcode
+HBG-515850
+; image!]
+
+,
+
+MG
+[barcode
+MG006665
+; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Apodandra corniculata
+Cardiel, Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact.
+
+18(71): 469. 1993
+
+.
+Type
+:
+Colombia
+.
+Caquetá
+,
+Sierra de Chiribiquete. Campamento Norte. Recorrido
+por el cauce casi seco de un arroyo al NE del campamento, [1.11667°, -72.83333°],
+
+350–500 m
+
+,
+
+13 December 1990
+
+[mislabeled as 1991 on sheets],
+
+S. Castroviejo
+,
+J.M. Cardiel
+,
+G. Galeano
+&
+F. González
+12042
+
+(
+holotype
+: COL [accession 365413, barcode
+COL000002059
+; image!];
+isotypes
+: COAH, COL [accession 365412, barcode
+COL000002060
+; image!], G [barcode G00434095; image!], MA [barcodes MA 509696, MA 509696-2; images!], US [accession 3303795, barcode 00433407; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion and
+Gillespie and Armbruster (1997)
+for species description. We report one new addition to the distributions given in
+Gillespie (1993)
+and
+Gillespie and Armbruster (1997)
+: Pará,
+Brazil
+(
+Ramos 1105
+).
+
+
+The
+holotype
+was destroyed at B so a new
+lectotype
+is designated from the
+isotype
+housed at L. This specimen has the most abundant and intact floral and vegetative material among the available
+isotypes
+.
+
+
+Here, we treat
+
+Apodandra corniculata
+
+as a synonym of
+
+P.loretensis
+
+.
+Cardiel Sanz (1993)
+distinguished this species from
+
+P. loretensis
+
+on the basis of having leaf blades with 5–7 secondary veins and staminate flowers with 20–25 stamens; however, these characters are within the range of variation observed in
+
+P. loretensis
+
+(
+Gillespie and Armbruster 1997
+; new observations). Additionally, the collection date on the
+type
+labels of
+
+A. corniculata
+
+are mislabeled as 1991, but the expedition is reported elsewhere on the label and in the manuscript as occurring in 1990 (
+Cardiel Sanz 1993
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FDD7FAE75BA4F836.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FDD7FAE75BA4F836.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3f705ad99dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FDD7FAE75BA4F836.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+KEY TO THE SPECIES Of
+PLUKENETIA SECT. PLUKENETIA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Styles (9–)
+15–35 mm
+long; filaments short-conical,;
+0.5 mm
+long; interstaminal nectaries absent............................... 25.
+
+P. volubilis
+
+
+
+1. Styles
+4–12 mm
+long; filaments slender-cylindrical,
+0.5–3 mm
+long; interstaminal nectaries present (small and sometimes overlooked in
+
+P. stipellata
+
+)..... 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Fruits
+1.6–3 cm
+in diam, dry; interstaminal nectaries of small irregularly shaped segments; stipels 2 and glandular knob absent adaxially at petiole apex.......................................................................................................... 23.
+
+P. stipellata
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Fruits
+2.5–11 cm
+in diam, dry or fleshy; interstaminal nectaries slender-cylindrical, ligulate (strap-shaped), or large irregularly shaped segments; stipels 0–2 and glandular knob 0 or 1 adaxially at petiole apex.................................................................... 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+3. Interstaminal nectaries of large irregularly shaped segments; leaves: lateral primary veins arching towards the margins
+#
+1/2 the length of the blade, stipels 1–2 and glandular knob absent adaxially at petiole apex; typically growing in montane rainforest (580–)
+1280–2440 m
+...... 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+4. Fruits
+2.8–3.7 cm
+in diam, seeds “large,” 19.2–19.6 ˟ 17–18.5 ˟
+13–15.7 mm
+; distributed in central and southern
+Peru
+(
+Cusco
+, Jun´ ın,
+Pasco
+)................................................................................................. 24.
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+
+
+
+
+4. Fruits
+4–10 cm
+in diam, seeds “extra-large,” 27–50 ˟ 25–40 ˟
+15–35 mm
+; distributed in northern
+Peru
+(Amazonas,
+Cajamarca
+)...... 5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+5. Filaments 0.5–1 (perhaps to;1.8, see species discussion) mm long; stamens 25–35; staminate cymules densely packed on inflorescence, axis not clearly visible.............................................................................. 19.
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+
+
+
+
+5. Filaments;
+0.5 mm
+long; stamens 10–15; staminate cymules loosely packed on inflorescence, axis clearly visible............................................................................................................ 20. P. ˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+3. Interstaminal nectaries slender-cylindrical or ligulate (strap-shaped); leaves: lateral primary veins arching towards the apex
+$
+1/2 the length of the blade, stipels absent and glandular knob 1 adaxially at petiole apex; growing in lowland to pre-montane rainforest
+0–1000 m
+(montane rainforest to
+2100 m
+in
+
+P. lehmanniana
+
+)..................................................................................... 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+6. Styles 20–40% connate, column
+3–6 mm
+long, free style arms
+3–6 mm
+long; fruits squarish in profile; distributed north and west of the Andes in the Pacific coastal and montane regions of
+Colombia
+and
+Ecuador
+.......................................... 21.
+
+P. lehmanniana
+
+
+
+
+
+6. Styles 70–95% connate, column
+3–14 mm
+long, free style arms 1–2.5(3) mm long; fruits ovoid in profile; distributed south and east of the Andes in the Amazon basin, the Guianas, and eastern
+Venezuela
+, or in southern
+Mexico
+....................................... 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+7. Seeds broadly lenticular, “large” to “extra-large,” 24–27 ˟ 21–27 ˟
+14–16 mm
+; fruits capsules
+5.8–7 cm
+in diam, at least semi-dehiscent; styles
+12–14 mm
+long; distributed in southern
+Mexico
+.................................................... 18.
+
+P. carabiasiae
+
+
+
+
+
+7. Seeds ovoid, “maximum” sized, 49–56 ˟ 33–37 ˟
+30–36 mm
+; fruits fleshy berries,
+5–11 cm
+in diam, indehiscent; styles
+3–8 mm
+long; distributed in the northern Amazon basin, the Guianas, and eastern
+Venezuela
+............................... 22.
+
+P. polyadenia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FF5AFB045BE8FAF3.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FF5AFB045BE8FAF3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5fcaf0696d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FF5AFB045BE8FAF3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+sect.
+PLUKENETIA
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Sajorium
+sect.
+Pluknetia
+Baill., Étude Euphorb.
+
+483. 1858.
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Plukenetia volubilis
+
+L.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia
+sect.
+Cylindrophora
+Müll.Arg., Linnaea
+
+34: 157. 1865
+
+.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Plukenetia peruviana
+Müll.Arg.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia volubilis
+
+L.]
+
+
+
+
+
+Lianas or canopy lianas, stems slender to thick.
+Leaf venation
+palmate, primary veins 3.
+Inflorescences
+bisexual racemose thyrses (rarely racemes; usually unisexual in
+
+P.polyadenia
+
+); pistillate flowers solitary at 1–4 basal-most nodes; staminate flowers (1–) 3–15(–18)/node in condensed cymules, glomerules, or moderately condensed cymules with conspicuous and irregularly branched cyme axes (rarely 1/node).
+Staminate flowers:
+receptacle conical or globose; nectaries of interstaminal slender-cylindrical, ligulate, or small or large irregularly shaped segments (absent in
+
+P.volubilis
+
+); stamens 12–40, densely packed; filaments short-conical or slender-cylindrical,
+0.5–3 mm
+long; pollen P =
+
+48–60
+m
+
+m,
+
+E =
+53
+
+–69
+m
+m, tectum foveolate.
+Pistillate flowers:
+styles (20–40)70–95% connate into a cylindrical column, 5.6–13.4(–35) mm long.
+Fruits
+4(–7)- lobed or subglobose-quadrangular capsules, dry, dehiscent or semi-dehiscent, (1.6–)
+2.5–10 cm
+in diam, or subglobose-quadrangular berries, fleshy, indehiscent,
+3.5–11 cm
+in diam.
+Seeds
+broadly lenticular to lenticular (ovoid or triangular-ovoid in
+
+P. polyadenia
+
+), 10–34.3(49–56) ˟ 8–27(33–37) ˟ (2.5–9)
+14–36 mm
+(“medium,” “large,” “extra-large,” or “maximum,” sensu
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+).
+
+
+
+
+The species in this section are distributed in
+Mexico
+, Central America, northwestern and Amazonian South America, and the Lesser Antilles.
+
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—Section
+
+Plukenetia
+
+refers to subclade P3 (
+Fig. 1
+) and includes eight species distributed in the Neotropics. The section is morphologically similar to sect.
+
+Angostylidium
+
+but differs in its neotropical distribution and having cylindrical stylar columns with free style arms that are more or less uniform in thickness or tapered and erect or spreading (
+Fig. 3G–K
+). Section
+
+Plukenetia
+
+is also distinct in having staminate flowers with long slender-cylindrical filaments and interstaminal nectaries (although with short-conical filaments and without nectaries in
+
+P. volubilis
+
+), and exhibiting the widest range of fruit
+type
+(dry or fleshy, and dehiscent, semi-dehiscent, or indehiscent) and seed size (“medium” to “maximum” sized).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FF5AFF3F5D6BFB48.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FF5AFF3F5D6BFB48.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..742f2b5ecde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF842E36FF5AFF3F5D6BFB48.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+17.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+VERRUCOSA
+Sm.
+
+,
+Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2, 6: 4. 1799
+.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+SURINAME
+
+.
+Linn. Collection of Surinam plants, No. 146
+(
+holotype
+:
+LINN-HS
+[accession
+1489.2
+; image!]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia volubilis
+
+L.f., Suppl. Pl. 421. 1781 publ.
+April 1782
+, nom. illeg.
+TYPE
+:
+
+SURINAME
+
+. Herb. Alstroemeri 1848,
+C.G. Dahlberg s.n.
+(
+holotype
+: S [accession S09–18958; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia integrifolia
+Vahl, Eclog. Amer.
+
+3: 43. 1807
+
+.
+TYPE
+:
+
+GUYANA
+
+.
+
+Demerari,
+J.P.B.
+
+von Rohr 86 (
+holotype
+: C [barcode C
+10011347
+; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion and
+Gillespie and Armbruster (1997)
+for species description. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the previous hypothesis (
+Gillespie 1993
+) that the 3-veined cordiform leaves of
+
+P. verrucosa
+
+are a derived condition within the pinnately veined clade (subclades P1 + P2) (
+Fig. 1
+;
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+).
+
+
+
+Taxonomic Discussion
+—Linnaeus f. (1781 publ. 1782) was the first to suggest there was a second species of
+
+Plukenetia
+
+from the Neotropics when he described the morphology of a new collection of
+
+P. volubilis
+
+from
+Suriname
+. However, there was no indication that Linnaeus
+f. meant
+for this to be a new species and it appears that he was expanding the concept of
+
+P. volubilis
+
+with the morphological variation found in
+Suriname
+(
+Dalberg s.n.
+S). Regardless, if we treat
+
+P. volubilis
+
+L.f. as a new species, it would be a homonym of
+
+P. volubilis
+
+L. and therefore illegitimate. As such,
+Smith (1799)
+was the first to provide a legitimate name,
+
+P. verrucosa
+Sm.
+
+, for the new species from
+Suriname
+.
+Smith (1799)
+recognized that the description of
+
+P. volubilis
+
+in Linnaeus f.’s
+
+Supplementum
+Plantarum
+
+(1781 publ. 1782) was associated with
+
+P. verrucosa
+
+, but by convention,
+type
+status would be conferred to the specimen listed in Smith’ s herbarium (
+
+Linn. collection of
+Surinam
+plants No. 146
+
+LINN-HS).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF852E38FC83FB1C5F2BFB8D.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF852E38FC83FB1C5F2BFB8D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9aefc611b8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF852E38FC83FB1C5F2BFB8D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+20.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+˟
+
+
+HUAYLLABAMBANA
+
+Bussmann, C.Téllez & A.Glenn, Nordic J. Bot. 27 (4): 313. 2009
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+PERU
+
+.
+Región Amazonas
+:
+Provincia de Rodr´ıguez de Mendoza
+,
+El Cedro-Cruzpata
+, [
+-6.404°
+,
+-77.449°
+],
+
+1676 m
+
+,
+
+5 July 2008
+
+,
+
+C. Téllez
+,
+C. Vega
+&
+L. Cabrera
+02
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+INBIAPERU
+[Instituto para el Desarrollo Local Sostenible y la Conservación Biológica y Cultural Andino-Amazónica, Trujillo]
+
+;
+
+isotype
+:
+K
+[barcode
+K001089689
+; image!])
+
+. [The
+isotype
+was originally published as housed at MO (
+Bussmann et al. 2009
+), but only one sheet of a different collection (
+Téllez et al. 004
+, MO! [accession 6116702, barcode MO-2255093]) incorrectly labeled as an
+isotype
+could be found. The
+isotype
+has since resurfaced at Kew (
+Téllez et al. 02
+, K [barcode K001089689; image!]) and it appears to be the
+isotype
+that was originally deposited at MO (“Ex Herbarium” MO [accession 6116701]).]
+
+
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—
+Plukenetia
+
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+, along with
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+and
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+, form a high elevation species complex sister to
+
+P. volubilis
+
+. Members of the species complex grow in high elevation montane rainforest in the Andes,
+1280–2440 m
+, and possess staminate flowers with large irregularly shaped interstaminal nectary segments, short styles partly connate into a cylindrical column usually <
+10 mm
+long, and 1–2 thick stipels at their petiole apex. Members of the species complex also have larger fruits and seeds, fruits
+4–10 cm
+in diam with “extra-large” seeds in
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+and
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+, and fruits
+2.8–3.7 cm
+in diam with “large” seeds in
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+(similar in size to
+
+P. volubilis
+
+but with larger seed volume;
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+).
+
+
+This species is a putative hybrid between
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+
+˟
+
+P.
+
+
+volubilis, which is supported by the presence of a
+
+P. volubilis
+
+plastid genome in accessions of
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+(
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+,
+Fig. S3
+) and their intermediate staminate floral morphology. Both
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+and
+
+P. volubilis
+
+have stamens with short filaments,;
+0.5 mm
+long, compared to longer filaments,;
+0.5–1.4 mm
+long, in
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+. Staminate sepal number also appears to differ, more frequently with 5 (rarely 4) sepals in
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+and, regularly varying from 4–5 sepals in
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+, and with 4 sepals in
+
+P. volubilis
+
+.
+
+
+
+Plukenetia
+
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+is distributed in the Amazonas and
+Cajamarca
+Regions of northern
+Peru
+(
+Fig. 6
+). It is known from only a few collections across three districts but is possibly more common in cultivation. Its staminate flowers were originally described as having filaments
+0.1–0.3 mm
+long and [nectary] disc absent (
+Bussmann et al. 2009
+), but our observations found filaments;
+0.5 mm
+long and large irregularly shaped interstaminal nectary segments to be present (
+Quipuscoa 381
+MO). The original
+type
+illustration shows an immature staminate flower dissected from a bud, whereas the staminate flower at anthesis is aberrant and likely from a non-euphorb species (
+Bussmann et al. 2009
+,
+Figs. 1J and 1H
+, respectively).
+
+
+
+
+
+Specimens Examined
+—
+
+
+
+Peru
+.
+
+—
+
+AMAZONAS
+
+:
+Chachapoyas District
+,
+Distrito Leymebamba
+[sic],
+Los Chichos
+/
+San Lucas
+, [-6.701°, -77.586°],
+
+2150 m
+
+,
+
+19 June 2000
+
+,
+Gruhn et al. 84
+(
+MO
+[accession 6406258, barcode
+MO-2695407
+; seeds: accession 5451714, barcode
+MO-2695406
+])
+
+;
+
+Rodriguez de Mendoza District
+,
+Michina
+, [-6.378°, -77.527°],
+
+1608 m
+
+,
+
+5 June 2008
+
+,
+Téllez et al. 004
+(
+MO
+[accession 6116702, barcode
+MO-2255093
+])
+
+;
+
+Rodriguez de Mendoza District
+,
+Quebrada Seca
+, [-6.378°, -77.527°],
+
+1608 m
+
+,
+
+5 June 2008
+
+,
+Téllez et al. 006
+(
+NY
+[barcode 02200737; image])
+
+. —
+
+
+CAJAMARCA
+
+:
+San Ignacio
+,
+Distrito San José de Lourdes
+,
+Villarrica
+,
+Nororiental del Maranón
+~ RENOM,[-4.917°, -78.833°],
+
+1200–1420 m
+
+,
+
+28 October 1995
+
+,
+Quipuscoa 381
+(
+MO
+[5294603, barcode
+MO-302027
+])
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E35FF4EFAD35BE8F950.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E35FF4EFAD35BE8F950.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e248005dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E35FF4EFAD35BE8F950.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+15.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+PENNINERVIA
+Müll.Arg., Linnaea
+
+34: 158. 1865
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+MEXICO
+
+.
+Nueva Espana
+~, Herb. Pavon [mislabeled specimen of
+
+M. Sessé
+&
+J.M. Mocino
+~
+4212
+
+] (
+lectotype
+designated here:
+G
+[barcode
+G00418847
+; image!]
+
+;
+
+isolectotypes
+[labeled
+M. Sessé & J.M. Mocino~ 4212
+]
+MA
+[barcodes
+MA 602300
+,
+MA 602301
+,
+MA 602302
+,
+MA 602303
+,
+MA 602304
+; images!])
+
+.
+
+Remaining
+syntype
+:
+
+VENEZUELA
+
+. [
+Aragua
+(fide
+Todzia 1989
+)]:
+Near Biscaina
+, 3000 ft [;
+
+900 m
+
+], 1860,
+
+A. Fendler
+2412
+
+(
+G-DC
+! [barcode
+G00313655
+; photo at F!]
+
+,
+
+GH
+! [barcode
+00048692
+]
+
+,
+
+GOET
+[barcode
+GOET003663
+; image!]
+
+,
+
+K
+! [barcode
+000600747
+]
+
+,
+
+PH
+[accession
+611118
+, barcode
+00030713
+; image!]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia angustifolia
+Standl., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser.
+
+, 4 (8): 314. 1929
+
+.
+TYPE
+:
+
+HONDURAS
+
+.
+Lancetilla Valley
+, near
+Tela
+,
+Department
+of
+Atlántida
+,
+
+20–600 m
+
+,
+
+6 December 1927
+
+–
+
+20 March 1928
+
+,
+
+P.C. Standley
+56708
+
+(
+holotype
+: F! [accession 581511, barcode V0057059F];
+isotypes
+: A!, K!, US! [accession 1409360, barcode 00096449]).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion.
+
+
+
+
+Taxonomic Discussion
+—
+Plukenetia penninervia
+
+can be divided into two informal groups united by geography and subtle differences in fruit/seed size. The first is a Mexican group that is widely distributed from southern
+Mexico
+to
+Panama
+and has average sized seeds and fruits. The second is a Venezuelan group distributed primarily in that country, which differs by having slightly larger seeds and fruits (similar to
+
+P. chocoensis
+
+; “medium” sized seeds sensu
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+). The Mexican group might also more frequently lack annular nectaries in its staminate flowers, but this character needs to be investigated in greater detail. To complicate matters, there is evidence of a putative ancient hybridization event that resulted in the introgression of an ancestral plastid genome of
+
+P. chocoensis
+
+/
+
+P. loretensis
+
+into the southern population of the Mexican group, specifically within a specimen from central
+Panama
+(
+G. McPherson 8461
+) (
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+,
+Fig. S3
+). It is unclear if the Venezuelan group (not yet sampled in phylogenetic studies) shares this same hybridization event or whether it should be considered a distinct taxon.
+
+
+The
+two syntypes
+of
+
+P. penninervia
+
+correspond with these geographical groupings,
+A. Fendler 2412
+from
+Venezuela
+and a “Herb. Pavon” collection from
+Mexico
+. Although José Pavón, of Ruiz and Pavón, most famously collected in
+Peru
+(and not
+Mexico
+), he is noted for selling duplicates of Sessé and Moci~ no’ s Mexican collections to other herbaria in Europe, where they frequently lost their association with Sessé and Mocino~ and were attributed as “Herb. Pavón, Nueva Espana~ ” (
+McVaugh 2000
+). Indeed, there are five sheets of
+
+P. penninervia
+
+at MA (
+M.Sessé & J.M.Mocino~ 4212
+) that are physical matches with the “Herb. Pavón” sheet at G (G00418847), which we hereby consider the same collection. To maintain the taxonomic stability of
+
+P. penninervia
+
+we designate the Mexican
+syntype
+(representing the cohesive and widespread Mexican group) as the
+lectotype
+collection for the species, selecting the recently rediscovered “Herb. Pavon” G specimen (L. Gautier pers. comm.) as
+lectotype
+. Future studies will need to investigate the morphology and phylogeny of the Venezuelan group, test if it exhibits plastid genome introgression, and determine if it should be recognized as its own species or subspecies.
+
+
+The
+
+P. penninervia
+
+complex, characterized by dimorphic stamens, short cylindrical styles, and ± elliptic leaf blades, is proving to be taxonomically challenging and more speciose than previously thought. The complex is widespread from
+Mexico
+to northern South America, and comprises at least four species,
+
+P. chocoensis
+
+,
+
+P. multiglandulosa
+
+,
+
+P. penninervia
+
+, and
+
+P. supraglandulosa
+
+. Apart from our newly described Colombian species (
+
+P. chocoensis
+
+), several additional collections from
+Colombia
+,
+Ecuador
+, and
+Peru
+appear to belong to the
+
+P. penninervia
+
+complex and are tentatively placed in
+
+P. penninervia
+
+. Collections from northern Chocó department (
+Cardenas 1675
+,
+1748
+,
+1903
+) are here referred to as
+
+P. penninervia
+
+, but require further study (see the discussion of
+
+P. chocoensis
+
+for how these collections differ). Three collections from
+Pastaza province
+,
+Ecuador
+(
+Gillespie 1993
+) and
+one specimen
+from
+Cajamarca province
+, east of the Andes in northern
+Peru
+(
+Vásquez 25223
+) have the dimorphic stamens of the
+
+P.penninervia
+
+complex, but are well south of its known range. A thorough study of the
+
+P. penninervia
+
+complex in northern South America is needed, together with additional collections, to determine if these disjunct populations represent new taxa.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E35FF4EFBD75CAAFB07.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E35FF4EFBD75CAAFB07.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..267c997a191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E35FF4EFBD75CAAFB07.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+14.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+MULTIGLANDULOSA
+Jabl., Mem.
+
+New York Bot. Gard. 17 (1): 143. 1967
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+VENEZUELA
+
+.
+Amazonas
+:
+Cerro Parú
+,
+
+base of escarpment southward from camp
+2 km
+
+,
+
+1800 m
+
+,
+
+12 February 1951
+
+,
+
+R.S. Cowan
+&
+J.J. Wurdack
+31400
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+NY
+! [barcode
+00273179
+]
+
+;
+
+isotypes
+:
+F
+[accession
+1702715
+, barcode
+V0057060F
+; image!]
+
+,
+
+NY
+! [barcode
+00273180
+]
+
+,
+
+US
+! [accession
+2620759
+, barcode
+00096451
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E36FC83F91F5C8CFF27.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E36FC83F91F5C8CFF27.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..018afd4679b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF872E36FC83F91F5C8CFF27.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+16.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+SUPRAGLANDULOSA
+L.J.Gillespie, Syst. Bot.
+
+18 (4): 598. 1993
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+FRENCH
+GUIANA
+
+.
+
+Sommet Tabulaire, zone centrale, versant occidental, ca.
+40 km
+SE de Saül
+
+,
+
+650 m
+
+,
+
+27 August 1980
+
+,
+
+J.J. de Granville
+3626
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+US
+! [accession
+3274039
+, barcode
+00433067
+]
+
+;
+
+isotypes
+:
+CAY
+
+!,
+
+U
+! [barcode
+U 0002068
+]
+
+,
+
+US
+! [accession
+3285607
+, barcode
+00646987
+])
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+and Gillespie and Armbruster
+
+(1997) for species descriptions. Described originally from French
+
+Guiana
+and
+Amapá
+,
+Brazil
+(
+Gillespie 1993
+), a more recent collection (
+
+Clark
+& Hoffman 622
+
+US
+) extends the range west to
+Guyana
+.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF892E3BFF4EFDFB5BDDFA03.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF892E3BFF4EFDFB5BDDFA03.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ffb613043d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF892E3BFF4EFDFB5BDDFA03.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+25.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+
+vOLUBILIS
+
+
+L., Sp.
+Pl. 1 (2): 1192. 1753
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Sajorium volubile
+
+(L.) Baill., Étude Euphorb. 483. 1858.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+WEST
+INDIES
+
+. Illustration t.13 (lower half) in Plumier, Nov. Pl. Amer. 1703 (
+lectotype
+designated by
+Howard 1989
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia peruviana
+Müll.Arg., Linnaea
+
+34: 157. 1865
+
+.
+TYPE
+:
+
+PERU
+
+. Peruvia, Herb. Pavon [likely
+H. Ruiz & J. Pavón s.n.
+] (
+lectotype
+designated here: G! [barcode G00418846];
+isolectotype
+: G-DC! [barcode G00313656; photo at F!]).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia macrostyla
+Ule, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg
+
+50: 80. 1908
+
+.
+TYPE
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+Amazonas
+:
+Rio Juruá
+sup.,
+
+September 1901
+
+,
+
+E. Ule
+5864
+
+(
+holotype
+: B [destroyed];
+lectotype
+designated here: G! [barcode G00441991; photo at F!];
+isolectotypes
+: F! [fragment], HBG [barcode HBG-515849; image!], MG [barcode MG005766;image!]).
+
+
+
+?
+
+
+Fragariopsis paxii
+
+Pittier, J. Wash. Acad. Sci.
+
+19: 351. 1929.
+TYPE
+:
+
+VENEZUELA
+
+.
+Aragua
+: Hacienda Puerto La Cruz, Coastal Range,
+1000 m
+,
+28 August–4 September 1918
+,
+H. Pittier 8109
+(
+holotype
+: VEN [accession 6906, barcode VEN 6906; image!];
+isotype
+: GH! [barcode 00048014],
+US
+! [accession 988210, barcode 00096452]). [appears to be intermediate between
+
+P. stipellata
+
+and
+
+P. volubilis
+
+; see discussion of
+Gillespie 1993
+for more detail]
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion and
+Gillespie and Armbruster (1997)
+for species description.
+
+
+
+Taxonomic Discussion
+—The
+
+P. volubilis
+
+species complex includes a main group of typical lowland moist to wet forest
+
+P. volubilis
+
+, plus two smaller groups that differ in morphology and phylogeny and may warrant their own taxonomic rank. The first is an open savanna species group found on the Moxos Plains of
+Bolivia
+. This group has broad leaf blades with subcordate bases similar to the typical moist or wet forest
+
+P. volubilis
+
+, but differs in its habitat, generally thicker leaf blades, and smaller seeds/fruit (“medium” compared to “large” sensu
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+). Accessions of the open savanna group (known only from
+Nee 55162
+MO and
+
+Parada
+et al. 206
+
+CAN, MO) form a strongly supported clade sister to the remaining moist to wet forest
+
+P. volubilis
+
+(
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+), suggesting this group could represent a distinct taxon on the basis of ecology and phylogeny. Floral morphology of the open savanna group is not yet known and additional collections are needed to verify if there are sufficient characters to warrant a new species.
+
+
+The second is a mid-elevation species group from the Andes of
+Bolivia
+and
+Peru
+. Individuals in this group are found at higher elevations, (200)500–900(1800) m, than the typical moist to wet forest species group (usually to
+500 m
+). The mid-elevation group is known from many collections across
+Bolivia
+(
+
+Jaramillo
+et al. 1237
+
+MO [
+208 m
+];
+Teran et al. 2006
+MO [
+800 m
+];
+Teran et al. 2502
+MO [
+1800 m
+]) and
+Peru
+(
+Foster & Wachter 7404
+MO [
+500–600 m
+];
+Gentry et al. 40071
+MO [
+830–900 m
+];
+Huamán. 188
+MO [
+290 m
+];
+Huamantupa et al. 3500
+MO [
+780 m
+];
+Nù~ nez 13775
+MO [
+640 m
+];
+Rojas et al. 4349
+MO [
+800 m
+],
+4593
+MO [
+800 m
+],
+5222
+MO [
+600 m
+],
+5525
+MO [
+1500 m
+],
+5665
+MO [
+600 m
+],
+8491
+MO [
+500 m
+];
+Rojas & Ortiz 6726
+MO [
+500 m
+];
+Valenzuela et al. 8531
+MO [
+739 m
+],
+9242
+MO [
+1200 m
+],
+10968
+MO [
+1000 m
+],
+12029
+MO [
+375–635 m
+];
+van der Werff et al. 18445
+MO [
+700 m
+]). These collections are differentiated by their narrower leaf blades and cuneate or truncate bases, compared to broader leaf blades with subcordate or cordate bases in typical
+
+P. volubilis
+
+. Other characters such as style length and fruit/ seed size share the same breadth of variation observed in the typical
+
+P. volubilis
+
+group. Phylogenetic analyses suggest mid-elevation accessions (
+
+Huamantupa et al. 3500,
+Jaramillo
+et al. 1237, Teran et al. 2502, Valenzuela et al. 8531
+
+) form a strongly supported clade embedded within typical
+
+P. volubilis
+
+(
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+). Although the mid-elevation group appears to form a cohesive lineage within
+
+P. volubilis
+
+, it exhibits considerable geographical overlap and gradation of leaf shape characters with the typical lowland moist and wet forest group, and might be better recognized as an ecological variant without taxonomic status.
+
+
+Further work is needed to clarify species group boundaries in the
+
+P. volubilis
+
+complex. Future studies should test the resolution of our proposed groups with improved taxon sampling across the geographic range of
+
+P. volubilis
+
+, specifically from the central and eastern Amazon basin, the Guianas, and the Lesser Antilles. Additionally, the putative hybrid population in
+Venezuela
+, intermediate between
+
+P. stipellata
+
+and
+
+P. volubilis
+
+(associated with the tentative synonym
+
+?
+Fragariopsis paxii
+
+; see
+Gillespie 1993
+), requires further investigation.
+
+
+Here we designate
+lectotypes
+for two of the synonyms of
+
+P. volubilis
+
+. The protologue of
+
+P. peruviana
+
+listed
+two specimens
+as
+syntypes
+, “In Peruvia (hb. Pavon!)” and “in prov. Maynas (Poeppig n.2110!)”. We have not yet observed
+E.F. Poeppig 2110
+and at the time of writing the G herbarium could not locate such a specimen (L. Gautier pers. comm.), which precludes its evaluation. Of the Pavon sheets, we select the G00418846 specimen as
+lectotype
+since it has abundant floral material as well as a developing fruit. The presumed
+holotype
+of
+
+P. macrostyla
+
+was destroyed in Berlin. Although each of its
+isotypes
+are in good condition and demonstrate pistillate flower morphology, we designate the G00441991 specimen as
+lectotype
+since it also contains staminate buds near anthesis.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FCEFFB335B11FA23.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FCEFFB335B11FA23.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..521fc09b6ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FCEFFB335B11FA23.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+23.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+STIPELLATA
+L.J.Gillespie
+
+, Syst. Bot. 18 (4): 588. 1993
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+COSTA
+RICA
+
+.
+Herederia
+:
+Finca La Selva, OTS Field Station on the R´ıo Puerto Viejo, just E of junction with the R´ıo Sarapiqui
+, [
+10.400°
+,
+-84.000°
+],
+
+100 m
+
+,
+
+13 September 1983
+
+,
+
+L.J. Gillespie
+413
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+US
+! [accession
+3274018
+, barcode
+00432786
+]
+
+;
+
+isotypes
+:
+CR
+!
+
+,
+
+MO
+!
+
+,
+
+NY
+! [barcode
+00022625
+]
+
+;
+
+FAA
+preserved material at US!
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species description.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FF5AF94C5B72FB27.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FF5AF94C5B72FB27.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbabe13e49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FF5AF94C5B72FB27.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+22.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+POLYADENIA
+Müll.Arg.
+
+in Martius (ed.), Fl.
+Bras. 11 (2): 334. 1874
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Elaeophora polyadenia
+(Müll.Arg.) Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot.
+
+Rio de Janeiro 5: 146. 1930
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+PERU
+
+.
+Maynas
+,
+
+E.F. Poeppig
+2385
+
+(
+lectotype
+designated here:
+G
+! [barcode
+G00441993
+]
+
+;
+
+isolectotypes
+:
+F
+! [fragment], W [photo at F!]
+
+;
+
+likely
+isolectotypes
+(mislabeled as
+E.F. Poeppig 2585
+):
+HAL
+[barcode
+HAL0140191
+; image!]
+
+,
+
+NY
+! [barcode
+00273181
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Elaeophora abutifolia
+Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot.
+
+Rio de Janeiro
+4: 112. 1925
+
+.
+
+Plukenetia abutifolia
+(Ducke) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in
+Engler
+&
+Prantl
+(eds.), Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19c: 141. 1931.
+TYPE
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+Pará
+:
+Breves Antonio Lemos
+, margem inundada do
+Rio Tajapuru
+,
+
+5 May 1923
+
+,
+
+A. Ducke
+s.n.
+
+(
+lectotype
+designated here: RB [accession 17893, barcode 00283479; image!];
+isolectotypes
+: G [barcode G00441992; image!], IAN [accession 50621, barcode
+IAN05061
+; image!], K [barcode K000600770; image!], P! [barcode P00645482], S [barcode S-R-10641; image!], U [barcode U 0002066; image!], US [accession 1442272, barcode 01105949; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion and
+
+
+Gillespie and Armbruster (1997)
+for species description.
+
+
+
+There is sufficient ambiguity over the type of
+
+P. polyadenia
+
+to warrant designating a
+lectotype
+. The specimen at G, where Muller worked, is limited to a single leaf and inflorescence fragment, suggesting the detailed type description was based on additional material.
+Three specimens
+of
+E.F. Poeppig 2385
+reported on the Vienna Virtual Herbarium (https://herbarium. univie.ac.at; last accessed
+28 November 2019
+) are likely candidates given that Poeppig’ s types are often housed at W (
+Stafleu and Cowan 1983
+), however at the time of writing we were unable to access the specimens to make an assessment. In this situation, we designate a
+lectotype
+based on the only specimen that we were able to verify, housed at G.
+
+
+Of the
+three syntypes
+cited in the protologue of
+
+Elaeophora abutifolia
+,
+A. Ducke
+
+s.n
+., RB 17893 has the best floral material. Overall, the U specimen (now housed at L) most clearly demonstrates the pistillate morphology, but by convention we lectotypify the original
+syntype
+housed in Ducke’ s herbarium at the
+Jardim Botanico
+do
+Rio de Janeiro
+. Remaining
+syntypes
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+. Para` ı: Bele`ım Marutucu` ı, capoeira u`ımida,
+18 October 1923
+,
+A. Ducke s.n.
+(RB [accession 17892, barcode 00283480; image!]); SaÞo Fe`ılix do Xingu Estrada da Victo`ırio ao Forte,
+21 April 1924
+,
+J.G. Kuhlmann 2051
+(RB [accession 17895, barcode 00724931; image!], RB [barcode 00287343; image!], S [accession S-R-10855; image!], U! [barcode U 0002067]).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FF5AFB4F5CDEF971.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FF5AFB4F5CDEF971.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9561a821836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E38FF5AFB4F5CDEF971.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+21.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+LEHMANNIANA
+(Pax & K.Hoffm.) Huft & L.J. Gillespie, Syst. Bot.
+
+18 (4): 584. 1993
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Eleutherostigma lehmanniana
+Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV, 147, IX (Heft 68): 11, t.3. 1919.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+COLOMBIA
+
+.
+Narino
+~,
+Ricaurte
+,
+
+1000–1400 m
+
+,
+
+F.C. Lehmann
+5158
+
+(holotype: B [destroyed];
+lectotype
+designated by
+Gillespie 1993
+:
+K
+! [barcode
+K000600748
+]
+
+;
+
+isolectotype
+:
+K
+! [barcode
+K000600749
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia chaponensis
+Croizat, Caldasia
+
+2: 431. 1944
+
+.
+TYPE
+:
+
+COLOMBIA
+
+.
+Boyaca
+, region of
+Mt. Chapón
+,
+
+3600 ft
+
+[
+
+1097 m
+
+],
+
+29 June 1932
+
+,
+
+A.E. Lawrance
+276
+
+(
+holotype
+: A! [barcode 00048691];
+isotypes
+: BM!, F [accession 707024, barcode V0057061F; image!], F [accession 1499186, barcode V0057062F; image!], K! [barcode K000600750], MO!, NY! [barcode 00579365], S!, US! [accession 1482565, barcode 00386091]).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E3BFCEFFA3E5C8DFDED.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E3BFCEFFA3E5C8DFDED.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..59a0f8cf8b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF8A2E3BFCEFFA3E5C8DFDED.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1133 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+24.
+
+Plukenetia sylvestris
+Card.-McTeag. & L.J.Gillespie
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+PERU
+
+.
+Cusco
+.
+La Convención
+,
+Dist. Ocobamba, Versalles, Santa Elena
+,
+
+1942 m
+
+, [
+-12.78333°
+,
+-72.30527°
+],
+
+24 November 2007
+
+,
+
+L. Valenzuela
+,
+Ciro Astete
+,
+F. Zamora
+,
+N Suares
+&
+M. Atausupa
+10453
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+CAN
+
+!;
+
+isotypes
+:
+CUZ
+
+,
+
+MO
+
+!).
+
+
+
+
+
+Similar to
+
+Plukenetia carolis-vegae
+Bussmann, Paniagua & C.Téllez
+
+but with smaller fruits and seeds and found in natural/ non-cultivated populations from central and southern
+Peru
+.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+—Monoecious lianas; stems erect or twining; older stems dull olive green to brown when dry, to
+10 mm
+in diam, striate, sparsely to moderately puberulous (pubescent); younger stems striate, sparsely puberulous to pubescent.
+Leaves
+alternate, evergreen; stipules (narrowly) broadly triangular to deltoid, 0.4–1.5(–2) mm long, persistent but frequently stretched or broken in older stems; petioles
+2–7.4 cm
+long, glabrate to puberulous; blades simple, moderately to broadly ovate (orbicular), 6.5–13.5 ˟
+4.3–11 cm
+, chartaceous, both surfaces glabrate to puberulous, typically hairier (to pubescent) on major and minor veins, base cuneate, truncate, or rounded (subcordate), margins minutely serrulate (subcrenulate) with small glandular teeth, apex acuminate, tip
+0.5–1.5 cm
+long; venation palmate, primary veins 3, secondary veins 2–4 on each side of the midrib, weakly brochidodromous, tertiary veins percurrent; stipels 1–2 at petiole apex, ligulate or knobby,
+0.5–1 mm
+long; adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 2, narrowly to broadly elliptic (obovate), typically straddling the margin, 1.3–3.3 ˟
+0.2–1.2 mm
+; laminar extrafloral nectaries absent.
+Inflorescences
+axillary, bisexual racemose thyrses (appearing unisexual if pistillate flowers or staminate axis dropped),
+3–14.5 cm
+long (
+2–3 cm
+if staminate axis dropped), 1(2)/axil; peduncle
+3.3–25 mm
+long; axis sparsely puberulous to pubescent; staminate bracts triangular to ovate,
+0.5–1.5 mm
+long, glabrate to puberulous along the margins, bracteoles similar or smaller; pistillate bracts narrowly triangular to deltoid,
+0.8–1.4 mm
+long, glabrate to puberulous along the margins, bracteoles similar or smaller; staminate flowers numerous, distal, 3–15(–18)/node in condensed cymules (thick cyme axes apparent in mature cymules); pistillate flowers 1–4, basal, 1/node (frequently dropped or partly dropped when staminate flowers are at anthesis).
+Staminate flowers:
+pedicel
+2–7.5 mm
+long at anthesis, glabrous; buds ovoid to obovoid, apex obtuse to rounded; sepals 4–5, reflexed or spreading at anthesis, lanceolate to ovate, 1.5–3 ˟
+0.5–1.2 mm
+, apex acute, glabrous; receptacle globose, mostly covered with stamens and nectaries; nectaries of large irregularly shaped segments intermixed between stamens; androecium subglobose and convex, 0.2–1 ˟
+0.6–1.2 mm
+, stamens 10–18, filaments slender cylindrical,
+0.7–1.4 mm
+long, anthers dorsifixed, anther sacs ellipsoid, dehiscing longitudinally.
+Pistillate flowers:
+pedicel (comprising cyme axis and true pedicel)
+1–3.2 mm
+long, glabrate to puberulous; sepals 4, narrowly to moderately triangular, 0.8–1.4 ˟
+0.3–0.6 mm
+, glabrate; ovary 4-lobed, 0.5–1.8 ˟
+0.7–1.4 mm
+, lobes rounded and laterally compressed, glabrous to glabrate, conspicuous wings or horns absent; styles 4, partly connate into a squarish column with free style arms spreading at the apex, entire length
+5.2–11.5 mm
+, column width
+0.8–1.2 mm
+, apex width
+0.9–4.5 mm
+, 4-lobed distally, glabrate; free style arms 4, obtuse or spreading (erect), unlobed or slightly 2-fid,
+0.8–1.8 mm
+long; stigmas 4,
+0.5–1.3 mm
+wide, smooth to microverrucose (shortpapillose); flowers developing into fruit similar but larger.
+Fruits
+a 4-lobed capsule, squarish in cross-section, 1.9–3.5 ˟
+2.9–3.7 cm
+, surface dull brown, microverrucose (large irregular verrucae), glabrate, each carpel lobe subglobose and slightly laterally compressed, carinate, keels
+0.5–1.8 mm
+long; stylar columns persistent or not; pedicel (comprising cyme axis and true pedicel)
+7–20 mm
+long.
+Seeds
+broadly lenticular, laterally compressed, elliptic to subcircular in outline, 17–19.3 ˟ 17.5–18.5 ˟
+13.4–15.9 mm
+, ventral surface moderately to obtusely angular, dorsal surface rounded with a radial ridge, dull light brown to yellowish dark brown, with irregular shallow ridges and reticulations; testa persistent.
+Figure 9
+.
+
+
+
+
+FIG.9.
+
+Plukenetia sylvestris
+
+sp. nov.
+A. Branch with mature dehiscing fruit. B. Branch with mature leaves and inflorescences.C.Capsule. D. Seed,lateral view (left), dorsal view (right). E. Close-up of staminate cymules. F. Staminate flower. G. Pistillate flowers. H. Abaxial leaf blade with minutely serrulate margins with small glandular teeth. I. Pair of thick stipels. J. Adaxial leaf blade with basilaminar extrafloral nectaries and pair of thick stipels. Photos by W. Cardinal-McTeague. Source: A.
+Valenzuela et al. 10453
+(CAN); B, E–J.
+
+Woytkowski
+6670
+
+(MO); C.
+Farfán et al. 1820
+(CAN); D.
+Ortiz et al. 191
+(CAN). (Abbreviations: in = interstaminal nectaries; o = ovary; s = style. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–I = 1 mm).
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+—The specific epithet is Latin (of the forest), referring to the primary or secondary montane forest where this species is found. It also means wild, which is fitting since we consider
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+the wild progenitor of the cultivated species
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution, Habitat, and Phenology
+—This species is known from two disjunct populations from central (Jun´ın and
+Pasco
+) and southern (
+Cusco
+) regions of
+Peru
+(
+Fig. 6
+). They are twining vines and lianas climbing to
+10 m
+in primary and secondary montane forest, sometimes partly disturbed and along roadsides, forest edges, or riparian forest, at (580–)
+1280–2440 m
+elevation. Flowering specimens were collected in February, March and May through September, fruiting specimens from September through February.
+
+
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—
+Plukenetia sylvestris
+
+is morphologically similar to
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+but differs by its smaller fruits and seeds (fruits
+2.8–3.7 cm
+in diam and seeds “large” in
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+compared to fruits
+6–10 cm
+in diam and seeds “extra-large” in
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+) and stamen number (
+10–18 in
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+compared to
+25–35 in
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+; based on species description only,
+type
+material of
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+was not available). They also differ in their geographic distribution (
+Fig. 6
+), with
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+being widespread in central and southern
+Peru
+and found in natural habitats and
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+being narrowly distributed in northern
+Peru
+and so far only known from its
+type
+collection in cultivation. A previous molecular phylogeny based on two plastid (
+matK
+,
+ndhF
+) and five nuclear (ETS, ITS,
+
+KEA
+1
+
+introns 11 and 17,
+TEB
+exon 17) markers resolved
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+(referred to as
+
+P.
+cf.
+carolis-vegae
+
+) in a strongly supported clade sister to
+
+P. volubilis
+
+(
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+; summarized in
+Fig. 1
+). The putative hybrid species
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+is thought to have resulted from a cross between
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+
+˟
+
+P.
+
+
+volubilis, supported by the introgression of a
+
+P. volubilis
+
+plastid genome in
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+(which otherwise has the nDNA of
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+;
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+,
+Fig. S3
+) in addition to their intermediate staminate flowers (see discussion of
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+). Together,
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+,
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+, and
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+form a high elevation species complex sister to
+
+P. volubilis
+
+, united by their habitat preference (Andean montane rainforest,
+1280–2440 m
+), floral morphology (staminate flowers with large irregularly shaped interstaminal nectary segments, pistillate flowers with short styles partly connate into a squarish-cylindrical column usually <
+10 mm
+long), typically larger fruits and seeds (fruits
+4–10 cm
+in diam with “extra-large” seeds in
+
+P. carolis-vegae
+
+and
+P.
+˟
+
+huayllabambana
+
+; fruits
+2.8–3.7 cm
+in diam with “large” seeds in
+
+P. sylvestris
+
+), and the presence of 1–2 thick stipels at their petiole apex.
+
+
+The collection
+
+Woytkowski
+6670
+
+exhibits well preserved floral material (e.g.
+Fig. 9
+) but is unusual for having two inflorescences per leaf axis (versus one) and for having basilaminar extrafloral nectaries that are predominantly on the adaxial surface (versus straddling the blade margin).
+
+
+
+
+
+Specimens Examined
+—
+
+
+
+Peru
+.
+
+—
+
+CUSCO
+
+:
+
+La Convención
+
+,
+Dist. Santa Ana
+,
+Poromate
+, [-12.917°, -72.783°],
+
+2118 m
+
+,
+
+16 June 2003
+
+,
+
+Calatayud
+et al. 1470
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+La Convención
+,
+Dist. Vilcabamba
+,
+Espiritupampa
+, [-12.914°, -72.212°],
+
+1544 m
+
+,
+
+23 July 2004
+
+,
+
+Calatayud
+et al. 2643
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+La Convención
+,
+Dist. Santa Ana
+,
+Tunquimayo
+, [-12.909°, -72.813°],
+
+2110 m
+
+,
+
+20 September 2004
+
+,
+
+Calatayud
+et al. 2746
+
+(
+CUZ
+,
+MO
+[accession 4837341, barcode
+MO-1102090
+; accession 04837342, barcode
+MO-1102089
+])
+
+;
+
+La Convención
+,
+Distrito Santa Ana
+,
+Localidad Tunquimayo
+, [-12.907°, -72.821°],
+
+2007 m
+
+,
+
+19 October 2007
+
+,
+
+Farfán
+et al. 1820
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+La Convención
+,
+Dist. Echarati
+,
+Monte Cristo
+, [-13.5°, -72.317°],
+
+1447 m
+
+,
+
+29 July 2005
+
+,
+
+Huamantupa
+et al. 6445
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Ca.
+
+5 km
+N of Aguas Calientes
+
+(km. 116 on railroad), ca.
+
+2000 m
+
+,
+
+7 June 1977
+
+,
+
+Solomon
+3166
+
+(
+MO
+[accession 2637789, barcode
+MO-1381661
+])
+
+;
+
+La Convención
+,
+Dist. Occobamba
+,
+Santa Elena
+, [-12.45°, -72.167°],
+
+1995 m
+
+,
+
+24 February 2005
+
+,
+
+Valenzuela
+et al. 5197
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+La Convención
+,
+Dist. Santa Ana
+,
+Bosque del Chuyapi
+, [-12.949°, -72.785°],
+
+2100 m
+
+,
+
+19 July 2006
+
+,
+
+Valenzuela
+et al. 7297
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+La Convención
+,
+Distrito Santa Ana
+,
+Tunqui Mayo
+, [-12.901°, -72.762°],
+
+1870 m
+
+,
+
+2 November 2007
+
+,
+
+Vasquez
+et al. 33145
+
+(
+MO
+)
+
+. —
+
+
+JUNÍN
+
+:
+Yaupi
+, dept.
+Junin
+,
+
+1600 m
+
+,
+
+19 July 1961
+
+,
+
+Woytkowski
+6670
+
+(
+MO
+[accession 2154072, barcode
+MO-1381660
+])
+
+.—
+
+
+PASCO
+
+:
+Oxapampa
+,
+Distrito Huancabamba
+,
+Zona de Amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén
+, sector
+Tunqui
+, [-10.287°, -75.523°],
+
+1753 m
+
+,
+
+13 September 2007
+
+,
+
+Castillo
+et al. 965
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Cordillera Yanachaga
+,
+E of Oxapampa
+,lumber road to
+Chacas
+microwave station,
+10 km
+E of main road, [-10.583°, -75.25°],
+
+2040–2110 m
+
+,
+
+2 March 1982
+
+,
+
+Gentry
+&
+Smith
+35906
+
+(
+MO
+[accession 2983786, barcode
+MO-1381639
+])
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+, Distrito
+Oxapampa
+,
+Parte
+alta de la quebrada
+San Luis
+, [-10.565°, -75.345°],
+
+2440 m
+
+,
+
+30 May 2007
+
+,
+
+Monteagudo
+et al. 14125
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Distrito Huancabamba
+,
+Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén
+,
+Sector Tunqui
+, [-10.289°, -75.518°],
+
+1790 m
+
+,
+
+22 September 2007
+
+,
+
+Monteagudo
+et al. 15253
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Dist. Villa Rica
+,
+Palma Centro Bocaz
+, camino a
+Alto Atarraz-Zona de Amortiguamiento
+,
+Parque Nacional Tanachaga-Chemillén
+, [-10.65°, -75.193°],
+
+1515 m
+
+,
+
+14 January 2005
+
+,
+
+Ortiz
+et al. 191
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Distrito Villa Rica
+,
+Localidad Centro Bocaz
+, [-10.633°, -75.167°],
+
+1280 m
+
+,
+
+17 September 2003
+
+,
+
+Perea
+et al. 282
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Dist. Oxapampa
+,
+Abra Villa Rica
+, [-10.4°, -75.183°],
+
+2000 m
+
+,
+
+26 August 2005
+
+,
+
+Rojas
+et al. 3863
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Distrito Pozuzo
+,
+Camino de Puente Victoria
+hacia
+la Comunidad Nativa Alto Lagarto
+, [-10.1°, -75.433°],
+
+700 m
+
+,
+
+29 September 2007
+
+,
+
+Rojas
+et al. 4648
+
+(
+MO
+[accession 6126857, barcode
+MO-2131172
+],
+USM
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Dist. Palcazú
+,
+Comunidad Nativa de Alto Lagarto
+, [-10.199°, -75.356°],
+
+700 m
+
+,
+
+3 December 2007
+
+,
+
+Rojas
+et al.4827
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Dist. Pozuzo
+,
+Alto Lagarto
+a
+Puente Victoria
+, [-10.1°, -75.433°],
+
+700 m
+
+,
+
+28 December 2007
+
+,
+
+Rojas
+&
+Ortiz
+5152
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Dist. Palcazú
+,
+Comunidad
+nativa
+Alto Lagarto - Reserva Comunal Yanesha.
+, [-10.152°, -75.392°],
+
+584 m
+
+,
+
+30 October 2009
+
+,
+
+Rojas
+&
+Ortiz
+7102
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Road
+from
+Oxapampa
+to
+San Alberto
+, [-10.533°, -75.35°],
+
+2250 m
+
+,
+
+20 June 2003
+
+,
+
+van der Werff
+et al.17532
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Along
+old road
+Oxapampa-Villa Rica
+, [-10.633°, -75.367°],
+
+2000 m
+
+,
+
+25 June 2003
+
+,
+
+van der Werff
+et al. 17759
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+),
+17760
+(
+CAN
+,
+MO
+)
+
+;
+
+Oxapampa
+,
+Distrito Bermudez
+,
+Bosque Protección San Matias-San Carlos
+,
+Sector
+Unión-Shimaki
+, [-10.75°, -74.917°],
+
+1382 m
+
+,
+
+12 February 2003
+
+,
+
+Vasquez
+et al. 27906
+
+(
+HUT
+,
+MO
+[accession 5709828, barcode
+MO-300971
+],
+USM
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF982E2BFF5AF9B45C20FD7C.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF982E2BFF5AF9B45C20FD7C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c12bb83076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF982E2BFF5AF9B45C20FD7C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+2.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+SERRATA
+(Vell.) L.J.Gillespie, Syst. Bot.
+
+18 (4): 587. 1993
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Vigia serrata
+Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon.
+
+9: t.128. 1827 publ.
+29 October 1831
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+. Illustration t.
+128 in
+Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icon. 9. 1827 publ.
+29 October 1831
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+A.St.-Hil., Leçons Bot.
+
+426. 1840.
+
+Plukenetia scandens
+(A.St.-Hil.) Pax
+
+in
+Engler
+&
+Prantl
+(eds.), Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (5): 67. 1890.
+TYPE
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+1816–1821.
+
+A. de Sainte-Hilaire
+95
+
+(
+lectotype
+designated here: P! [barcode P00072051];
+isolectotype
+: P! [barcode P00072052]).
+
+
+
+
+Accia scandens
+A.St.-Hil., Leçons Bot.
+
+499. 1840, nom. illeg.
+TYPE
+: not designated. [Likely based on the same
+syntypes
+as
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+
+, therefore a nomenclatural synonym and an illegitimate name; one of the
+syntype
+collections,
+A. de Saint-Hilaire D 72
+(barcodes P00072053!, P00072054!), is annotated as both
+
+Accia
+
+and
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+
+, but the first name appears to be a later addition.]
+
+
+
+
+Botryanthe discolor
+Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin)
+
+7 (1): 191, 204. Table 9b. 1841.
+
+Fragariopsis discolor
+(Klotzsch) Baill., Étude Euphorb.
+
+498. 1858.
+TYPE
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+F. Sellow s.n.
+(
+holotype
+: B [destroyed];
+lectotype
+designated by
+Gillespie 1993
+: P! [barcode P00072049];
+isolectotypes
+: F! [fragment], HBG [barcode HBG-516131; image!]). [Klotzsch’ s species
+
+Botryanthe concolor
+
+given in the same publication was not validly published.]
+
+
+
+
+Fragariopsis polyandrus
+Baill., Étude Euphorb.
+
+498. 1858.
+
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+var.
+polyandrus
+(Baill.) Baill., Adansonia
+
+5: 318. 1865
+
+.
+TYPE
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+Rio de Janeiro
+, Mont. Corcovado,
+Sainte-Thérèse
+,
+
+May 1839
+
+,
+
+J.B.A. Guillemin
+cat. n. 798
+
+(
+lectotype
+designated here: P! [barcode P00072048];
+isolectotypes
+: G-DC! [pro parte, left specimen excluding packets; barcode G00313646], P! [barcode P00072047], P [as
+
+J.-B. Houllet
+cat. n. 798
+
+; barcode P05564458; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+Fragariopsis warmingii
+Müll.Arg.
+
+in Martius (ed.),
+
+Fl.
+Bras.
+
+11 (2): 338. 1874.
+
+Plukenetia warmingii
+(Müll.Arg.) Pax
+
+in
+Engler
+&
+Prantl
+(eds.), Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (5): 67. 1890.
+TYPE
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+Minas Gerais
+:
+
+Lagoa Santa,
+E
+
+. Warming s.n. (
+holotype
+: P! [barcode P00072055];
+isotype
+: F! [fragment]; probable
+isotype
+: F!).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion.
+
+
+
+
+Taxonomic Discussion
+—
+Plukenetia serrata
+
+was first described as
+
+Vigia serrata
+(
+Vellozo 1831
+)
+
+but was widely known as
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+(
+Saint-Hilaire 1840
+)
+
+until the priority of Vellozo’ s name was identified by
+Gillespie (1993)
+. In the same publication,
+Saint-Hilaire (1840)
+described
+
+Accia scandens
+
+, which is likely a superfluous name for
+
+F. scandens
+
+based on the same
+syntypes
+. The description of
+
+Fragariopsis
+
+only includes the staminate flowers, whereas
+
+Accia
+
+is only of the pistillate flowers, however both descriptions are indicative of
+
+P. serrata
+
+.
+
+Botryanthe
+
+was independently described by
+Klotzsch (1841)
+and was synonymized along with
+
+Accia
+
+under
+
+Fragariopsis
+
+by
+Baillon (1858)
+. Two additional species,
+
+F. polyandrus
+(
+Baillon 1858
+)
+
+and
+
+F. warmingii
+(
+Müller 1874
+)
+
+, were described, but both are treated as synonyms of
+
+P. serrata
+(
+Gillespie 1993
+)
+
+. However, phylogenetic data indicates there is substantial nucleotide variation within
+
+P. serrata
+
+(
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+), suggesting its species boundaries should be reassessed with better taxon sampling across its morphological and geographical ranges.
+
+
+Saint-Hilaire (1840)
+did not cite a collection number in his original species description of
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+
+, but two of his collections, each with a duplicate, are housed at P. All four sheets have sufficient vegetative and floral material to identify the species; however, to clarify the type status we designate the best sheet (
+
+A. de Saint-Hilaire
+95
+
+; P00072051) as
+lectotype
+. Remaining
+syntype
+:
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+Minas Gerais
+, 1816–1821,
+
+A. de Saint-Hilaire
+D 72
+
+(P! [barcodes P00072053, P00072054]).
+
+
+
+Fragariopsis polyandrus
+
+has a complicated type history.
+Baillon (1858)
+did not cite any types for
+
+F. polyandrus
+
+but indicated its species illustrations in Tab. XIII were based on material from “Herb. Houllet” (Atlas, p. 26).
+Baillon (1865)
+later cited a single specimen with
+
+F. scandens
+var.
+polyandrus
+
+, “
+Guillemin et Houllet
+(herb.), cat., n. 798”, which matches
+
+J.B.A. Guillemin cat. n.
+798
+
+specimens housed at P and G-DC. To complicate matters, another collection of
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+
+was found at Paris,
+J.-B. Houllet cat. n. 798
+. Notably, the Houllet collection includes the locality information cited by
+Baillon (1865)
+, which is missing from the
+J.B.A. Guillemin cat. n. 798
+sheets at P and G-DC. Guillemin and Houllet were collecting partners in
+Brazil
+and many of Guillemin’ s collections appear to have been brought to Paris by Houllet, who later worked as the Jardinier en chef des Serres. Since the Guillemin and Houllet collections are of the same species, share the same catalogue number, and are associated together by
+Baillon (1865)
+, we consider them the same collection. We designate a
+lectotype
+for
+
+F. polyandrus
+
+based on the P specimen with the most abundant pistillate flowers (note that all of these specimens have dropped and lost their staminate flowers, and that the staminate flowers in the packets of the G-DC sheet appear to belong to the other collection of
+
+F. scandens
+
+sharing the sheet).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF992E2BFDD6FBC15BB1FB02.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF992E2BFDD6FBC15BB1FB02.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c6070231020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF992E2BFDD6FBC15BB1FB02.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+KEY TO THE SPECIES Of
+PLUKENETIA SECT. HEDRAIOSTYLUS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Petioles> (1–)
+3 cm
+long; leaf blades> (2–)
+4 cm
+wide, base deeply cordate,stipels present adaxially at petiole apex;
+0.5–1 mm
+long; capsules with strap-shaped wing
+6–12 mm
+long on each carpel lobe; distributed in
+Southeast
+Asia............................................. 4.
+
+P. corniculata
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Petioles <
+1 cm
+long; leaf blades <
+3.5 cm
+wide, base obtuse to truncate, hastate, or rarely sagittate, stipels present adaxially at petiole apex,
+0.1–0.6 mm
+long, or absent; capsules with tubercle or wing
+#
+3 mm
+long on each carpel lobe; distributed in southern Africa............................ 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Leaf blades narrowly triangular, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate,
+3–8 cm
+long, base often hastate; adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries (0–)2,
+0.2–0.3 mm
+in diam.............................................................................................. 3.
+
+P. africana
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Leaf blades elliptic or ovate,
+2–4.5 cm
+long, base obtuse to rounded; adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 2–12(–20),
+0.2–0.8 mm
+in diam................................................................................................................ 5.
+
+P. procumbens
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF992E2BFF4EFD4C5A03FC1D.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF992E2BFF4EFD4C5A03FC1D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85b67b1445a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF992E2BFF4EFD4C5A03FC1D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+sect.
+
+HEDRAIOSTYLUS
+(Hassk.) Müll.Arg., D.C. Prod. 15 (2): 772. 1866
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Hedraiostylus
+Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol.
+
+10: 141. 1843
+
+.
+
+Sajorium
+sect.
+Hedraiostylus
+(Hassk.) Baill., Étude Euphorb.
+
+483. 1858.
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Hedraiostylus glaberrimus
+Hassk.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia corniculata
+Sm.
+
+]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia
+sect.
+Sajor
+Müll.Arg., Linnaea
+
+34: 159. 1865
+
+.
+
+TYPE
+
+: not designated.
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia
+sect.
+Pterococcus
+(Hassk.) Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl.
+
+3, 1: 327. 1880.
+
+Pterococcus
+Hassk.
+
+, Flora 25 (2, Bleibl.): 41. 1842, nom. cons., non. Pall. 1773.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Pterococcus glaberrimus
+(Hassk.) Hassk.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia corniculata
+Sm.
+
+]
+
+
+
+
+
+Vines, lianas, or perennial herbs, stems slender, twining or sometimes procumbent.
+Leaf venation
+palmate, primary veins 3(–5).
+Inflorescences
+bisexual racemes (rarely racemose thyrses); pistillate flowers solitary (rarely 2) at basal-most node(s); staminate flowers 1/node (sometimes 1–2/node in reduced condensed cymules).
+Staminate flowers:
+receptacle convex, subglobose, or globose; nectaries absent; stamens 8–20, densely packed; filaments conical, <
+0.5 mm
+long; pollen P =
+
+34–40
+m
+
+m,
+
+E =
+40
+
+–50
+m
+m, tectum foveolate.
+Pistillate flowers:
+styles entirely connate into a depressed-globose or stout-cylindrical column,
+0.5–1.4 mm
+long, or;70% connate into a stout-cylindrical column with spreading free style arms,
+1.3–1.7 mm
+long.
+Fruits
+4-lobed capsules, dry, dehiscent,
+1.1–2 cm
+in diam.
+Seeds
+broadly lenticular, 5.5–10.5 ˟ 5–8 ˟
+2.5–8 mm
+(“small” or “medium” sensu
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+).
+
+
+
+
+The species in this section are distributed in southern Africa and
+Southeast
+Asia.
+
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—Section
+
+Hedraiostylus
+
+refers to a strongly supported clade within subclade P5 (
+Fig. 1
+) and includes three species,
+
+P. africana
+
+and
+
+P. procumbens
+
+from southern Africa and
+
+P. corniculata
+
+from
+Southeast
+Asia. This section is weakly defined morphologically but appears to be united by short styles <
+2 mm
+long, usually shorter than the length of the ovary (although slightly longer than the ovary in
+
+P. procumbens
+
+), staminate flowers with short-conical filaments and lacking nectaries, smaller dry dehiscent fruits, and “small” or “medium” seeds. The southern African species are unique for growing in seasonally dry wooded savannas and have evolved thick rootstocks that facilitate resprouting after fires.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9A2E28FEA1FC2A5BA4FB47.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9A2E28FEA1FC2A5BA4FB47.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62f9090ca17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9A2E28FEA1FC2A5BA4FB47.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+KEY TO THE GENERA Of NON-STINGING VINES AND LIANAS IN TRIBE
+PLUKENETIEAE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Carpels 3; leaf venation palmate, primary veins 3–5; styles partly connate into a ± cylindrical column,
+5.6–10 mm
+long; staminate sepals 5, stamens 10, filaments slender-cylindrical; pollen tecta fossulate-foveolate; distributed in
+Bolivia
+, southeast
+Brazil
+, and
+Paraguay
+...................
+
+Romanoa
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Carpels 4 (sometimes
+5–7 in
+cultivated forms); leaf venation pinnate or palmate, primary veins 1 or 3(–5); styles entirely connate into a ± cylindrical, depressed-subglobose, globose, obconic, obovoid, or oblong-obovoid column,
+0.3–5.5 mm
+long, or partly connate into a cylindrical column,
+1–35 mm
+long; staminate sepals 3–5, stamens 6–60, filaments absent, short-conical, or slender-cylindrical; pollen tecta coarsely reticulate or foveolate; distributed pantropically..........................................................................................................
+
+Plukenetia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9A2E28FF5AFB0D5B0DF843.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9A2E28FF5AFB0D5B0DF843.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02d4ea040c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9A2E28FF5AFB0D5B0DF843.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+
+L., Sp. Pl. 1 (2): 1192. 1753.
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Plukenetia volubilis
+
+L.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vigia
+Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon.
+
+9: t.128. 1832.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Vigia serrata
+Vell.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia serrata
+(Vell.) L.J.Gillespie
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Fragariopsis
+A.St.-Hil., Leçons Bot.
+
+426. 1840.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Fragariopsis scandens
+A.St.-Hil.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia serrata
+(Vell.) L.J.Gillespie
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Accia
+A.St.-Hil., Leçons Bot.
+
+499. 1840, nom. illeg.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Accia scandens
+A.St.-Hil.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia serrata
+(Vell.) L.J.Gillespie
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Botryanthe
+Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin)
+
+7: 190. 1841
+
+.
+TYPE
+(
+lectotype
+designated by
+Webster 1994
+):
+
+Botryanthe discolor
+Klotzsch
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia serrata
+(Vell.) L.J.Gillespie
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Pterococcus
+Hassk.
+
+, Flora 25 (2, Bleibl.): 41. 1842, nom. cons., non Pall. 1773.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Pterococcus glaberrimus
+Hassk.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia corniculata
+Sm.
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Hedraiostylus
+Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol.
+
+10: 141. [;September] 1843.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Hedraiostylus glaberrimus
+Hassk.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia corniculata
+Sm.
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Sajorium
+Endl., Gen. Pl. Suppl.
+
+3: 98. [October] 1843, nom. illeg.
+TYPE
+(
+lectotype
+designated by
+Dietrich 1852
+):
+
+Sajorium corniculatum
+(Sm.) D.Dietr.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia corniculata
+Sm.
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Ceratococcus
+Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen.
+
+2: 369. [2–4 November] 1843, nom. illeg.
+
+TYPE
+
+: not designated.
+
+
+
+
+
+Tetracarpidium
+Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
+
+26 (3–4): 329. 1899.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Tetracarpidium staudtii
+Pax
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia conophora
+Müll.Arg.
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pseudotragia
+Pax, Bull. Herb. Boissier
+
+, ser. 2, 8: 635. 1908
+
+.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Pseudotragia scandens
+Pax
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia africana
+Sond.
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Eleutherostigma
+Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV, 147, IX (Heft 68): 11, t.3. 1919.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Eleutherostigma lehmanniana
+Pax. & K.Hoffm.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia lehmanniana
+(Pax & K.Hoffm.) Huft & L.J.Gillespie
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Angostylidium
+(Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV, 147, IX (Heft 68): 17. 1919.
+
+
+Plukenetia
+sect.
+Angostylidium
+Müll.Arg.
+
+,
+Flora 47: 530. 1864
+
+.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Angostylidium conophorum
+(Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia conophora
+Müll.Arg.
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+Apodandra
+Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV, 147, IX (Heft 68): 20. 1919.
+TYPE
+(
+lectotype
+designated by
+Webster 1994
+):
+
+Apodandra loretensis
+(Ule) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia loretensis
+Ule
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Elaeophora
+Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot.
+
+Rio de Janeiro
+4: 112. 1925
+
+.
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Elaeophora abutifolia
+Ducke
+
+[=
+
+Plukenetia polyadenia
+Müll.Arg.
+
+].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (2007)
+for genus description.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E29FDA5FF755BB1FCF4.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E29FDA5FF755BB1FCF4.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82d512cb991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E29FDA5FF755BB1FCF4.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+KEY TO THE SECTIONS Of
+PLUKENETIA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Leaf venation pinnate,primary vein 1 (palmate, primary veins
+3 in
+
+P. verrucosa
+
+); styles entirely connate into a cylindrical, depressed-subglobose,globose, obovoid, or oblong-obovoid column,
+0.3–4.5 mm
+long; pollen tecta coarsely reticulate............ 2 (Pinnately veined clade, subclades P1 + P2)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Fruits
+4–5 cm
+in diam, fleshy; pistillate flowers 1–10 per inflorescence; all anthers sessile and loosely packed on a globose receptacle, receptacles
+2 mm
+or more in diam, visible between anthers; stipels 2, present adaxially at petiole apex; distributed in the Atlantic Forest region of
+Brazil
+............................................................................................................ II. P. sect.
+
+Fragariopsis
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Fruits
+0.9–1.5 cm
+in diam, dry; pistillate flowers 1 per inflorescence; all or most anthers sessile and densely packed on a globose or subglobose receptacle, receptacles less than
+1 mm
+in diam, not visible between anthers; stipels absent adaxially at petiole apex (
+2 in
+
+P. verrucosa
+
+); distributed in
+Mexico
+, Central America, northwestern and Amazonian South America, and the Lesser Antilles..................... V. P. sect.
+Penninerviae
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Leaf venation palmate, primary veins 3(–5); styles partly connate into a cylindrical column,
+1–35 mm
+long (entirely connate into a depressed-globose column
+0.5–0.7 mm
+long in
+
+P. corniculata
+
+, or an obconic or obovoid column
+3.5–5.5 mm
+long in
+
+P. ankaranensis
+
+); pollen tecta foveolate................................................................................................. 3 (Palmately veined clade, subclades P3–P5)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+3. Styles
+0.5–1.7 mm
+long, shorter than or nearly equal in length to the ovary; fruits dry capsules,
+1.1–2 cm
+in diam; distributed in
+southern Africa
+or
+Southeast
+Asia......................................................................................... III. P. sect.
+
+Hedraiostylus
+
+
+
+
+
+3. Styles
+3.5–35 mm
+long, longer than the length of the ovary; fruits dry capsules or fleshy berries,
+2.3–11 cm
+in diam; distributed in tropical central and western Africa,
+Madagascar
+, or the Neotropics................................................................................. 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+4. Staminate receptacles ellipsoid, oblong-cylindrical, or ovoid-conical; anthers sessile; nectaries absent; distributed in
+Madagascar
+......................................................................................................... IV. P. sect.
+Madagascarienses
+
+
+
+
+4. Staminate receptacles convex to subglobose; anthers on short-conical or slender-cylindrical filaments,
+0.5–3 mm
+long; nectaries of interstaminal slender-cylindrical, ligulate, or small or large irregularly shaped segments (absent in
+
+P. volubilis
+
+); distributed in tropical central and western Africa or the Neotropics................................................................................................. 5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+5. Stylar columns funnel-shaped, free style arms conspicuously dilated and spreading; stipels and glandular knobs absent adaxially at petiole apex; distributed in tropical central and western Africa................................................ I. P. sect.
+
+Angostylidium
+
+
+
+
+
+5. Stylar columns cylindrical, free style arms more or less uniform in thickness or tapered and erect or spreading; stipels or glandular knobs present adaxially at petiole apex; distributed in the Neotropics........................................... VI. P. sect.
+
+Plukenetia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E29FF4EFCC25F53F892.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E29FF4EFCC25F53F892.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cafe70fbbdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E29FF4EFCC25F53F892.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+1.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+sect.
+
+ANGOSTYLIDIUM
+Müll.Arg.,
+Flora 47: 530. 1864
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Angostylidium
+(Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV, 147, IX (Heft 68): 17. 1919.
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Plukenetia conophora
+Müll.Arg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Canopy lianas, stems thick.
+Leaf venation
+palmate, primary veins 3.
+Inflorescences
+unisexual or functionally unisexual; staminate inflorescences racemose thyrses, staminate flowers 3–7/ node in condensed cymules, sometimes with 1–2 apparently nonfunctional pistillate flowers at basal-most nodes; pistillate inflorescences short racemes, pistillate flowers solitary at 1–2(3) basal-most nodes, axes mostly aborted above (rarely with a few staminate flowers in cymules).
+Staminate flowers:
+receptacle subglobose; nectaries numerous interstaminal slender-cylindrical segments; stamens 25–50, densely packed; filaments conical, <
+0.5 mm
+long; pollen P =
+
+34–38
+m
+
+m,
+
+E =
+41
+
+–46
+m
+m, tectum foveolate.
+Pistillate flowers:
+styles 75(–90)% connate into a funnel-shaped column, entire style
+4–7.5 mm
+long.
+Fruits
+4(5)–lobed or subglobose-quadrangular, capsule-like, fleshy, indehiscent,
+4.5–7.5 cm
+in diam.
+Seeds
+broadly ovoid or subglobose, 25–29 ˟ 25–27 ˟
+25–28 mm
+(“extra-large” sensu
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+).
+
+
+
+The single species in this section is distributed in tropical central and western Africa.
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—Section
+
+Angostylidium
+
+corresponds to subclade P4 (
+Fig. 1
+) and includes a single species,
+
+P. conophora
+
+, from tropical central and western Africa. This Old World species/ section is morphologically similar to sect.
+
+Plukenetia
+
+of the Neotropics. Both sections have staminate flowers with interstaminal nectaries (absent in
+
+P. volubilis
+
+of sect.
+
+Plukenetia
+
+), partly connate styles, often larger fleshy fruits (although dry fruits are just as frequent in sect.
+
+Plukenetia
+
+), and often larger seeds (usually “large” and “extra-large”). Phylogenetic relationships suggest these characters are symplesiomorphic for the palmately veined clade (P3–P5). Section
+
+Angostylidium
+
+is differentiated by its African moist to wet tropical distribution, functionally unisexual inflorescences, and funnel-shaped stylar column with conspicuously dilated and spreading free style arms (
+Fig. 3L
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E2AFF4EF8AE5F38FE77.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E2AFF4EF8AE5F38FE77.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41dbb71032d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9B2E2AFF4EF8AE5F38FE77.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+1.
+
+PLUKENETIA
+CONOPHORA
+Müll.Arg.
+
+, Flora 47: 530 1864.
+
+
+
+
+
+Angostylidium conophorum
+(Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in
+
+A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. IV, 147, IX (Heft 68): 17. 1919.
+
+
+Cleidion mannii
+Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910
+
+(2): 58. 1910
+
+, nom. illeg.
+
+
+Tetracarpidium conophorum
+(Müll.Arg.) Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr.
+
+1: 307. 1928
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+CAMEROON
+
+.
+River Cameroon
+,
+
+January 1863
+
+,
+
+G. Mann
+2202
+
+(
+lectotype
+designated by
+Gillespie 2007
+:
+K
+! [barcode
+K000425658
+]
+
+;
+
+isolectotypes
+:
+K
+! [barcode
+K000425659
+]
+
+,
+
+K
+! [barcode
+K000425660
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Mallotus preussii
+Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
+
+23 (4): 525. 1897
+
+.
+
+
+Cleidion preussii
+(Pax) Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910
+
+(9): 343. 1910
+
+.
+TYPE
+:
+
+CAMEROON
+
+. Barombistation,
+25 August 1890
+,
+P.R. Preuss 420
+(
+holotype
+: B [destroyed];
+lectotype
+designated here: K! [barcode K000252567];
+isolectotype
+: BM! [barcode 000535904 (BM)]).
+
+
+
+
+
+Tetracarpidium staudtii
+Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
+
+26 (3–4): 329. 1899.
+TYPE
+:
+
+CAMEROON
+
+.
+Station Johann-Albrechtschöhe
+,
+
+15 January 1897
+
+,
+
+A. Staudt
+802
+
+(
+holotype
+: B [destroyed];
+lectotype
+designated here: BM! [barcode 000535187 (BM)];
+isolectotypes
+: G [barcode G00414564; image!], K! [barcode K000425656; sketch of
+holotype
+with floral fragments], MO! [accession 1648824, barcode
+MO-2289110
+], PH [accession 01078710, barcode 00030257; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (2007)
+for species description.
+
+
+
+
+Taxonomic Discussion
+—
+Plukenetia conophora
+
+and sect.
+
+Angostylidium
+
+were simultaneously described by
+Müller (1864)
+. Subsequent authors described taxa that are now treated as synonyms, including
+
+Mallotus preussii
+(
+Pax 1897
+)
+
+and the novel genus and species
+
+Tetracarpidium staudtii
+(
+Pax 1899
+)
+
+. Furthermore,
+Baker (1910)
+described
+
+Cleidion mannii
+
+from
+
+P. conophora
+
+syntype
+material (“River
+Cameroon
+.”
+G. Mann 2202
+) but erroneously cited the type as “
+Cameroons
+river,
+G. Mann 1202
+” (that specimen is recorded as
+
+Pittosporum viridiflorum
+
+“mannii
+” Sims, “Mount
+Cameroon
+,”
+G. Mann 1202
+(K000106232). Baker appears to have described
+
+Cleidion mannii
+
+from the only
+G. Mann 2202
+sheet at Kew that was not annotated as Müller’ s
+
+P. conophora
+
+(K000425659).
+
+
+The
+holotype
+of
+
+Mallotus preussii
+
+is presumed to have been in Berlin, where Pax worked and Preuss’ s main collections were housed. Since the type was likely destroyed, we designate a
+lectotype
+from an
+isotype
+housed at Kew, given it has abundant staminate flowers. Under a similar circumstance we designate a
+lectotype
+for
+
+Tetracarpidium staudtii
+
+, selecting the
+isotype
+with the most abundant leaf and pistillate flower material housed at the British Museum. Alois Staudt was the collection assistant of G. Zenker in
+Cameroon
+, so we presume his collections were part of Zenker’ s main set that was destroyed in Berlin.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9C2E2FFF5AFF755A9EF8D7.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9C2E2FFF5AFF755A9EF8D7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..904e211eab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9C2E2FFF5AFF755A9EF8D7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+10.
+
+Plukenetia brevistyla
+Card.-McTeag. & L.J.Gillespie
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+BRAZIL
+
+.
+Amazonas
+,
+km 320 on Manaus-Humaitá road
+,
+
+16 September 1980
+
+,
+
+S.R. Lowrie
+,
+B. Lowy
+,
+D. Coelho
+,
+M. Morreira
+&
+V.M. de Souza
+30
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+MO
+! [accession
+2926690
+, barcode
+MO-1381795
+]
+
+;
+
+isotypes
+:
+CAN
+!
+
+,
+
+NY
+
+!,
+
+RB
+[accession
+564286
+, barcode
+RB00749078
+, image!]
+
+,
+
+US
+!
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Similar to
+
+P. brachybotrya
+Müll.Arg.
+
+and
+
+P. megastyla
+Card.
+
+-McTeag. & L.J.Gillespie, but with a short depressed-subglobose stylar column,
+0.3–1 mm
+long.
+
+
+
+
+Monoecious slender lianas; stems erect or twining; older stems dull light grey-brown or straw-coloured, to;
+5 mm
+in diam, striate or weakly striate, glabrate with patches of exfoliating cuticle; younger stems smooth to striate, sparsely puberulous.
+Leaves
+alternate, evergreen; stipules narrowly triangular to deltoid,
+0.4–1.1 mm
+long, persistent; petioles generally of uniform thickness and colour,
+0.4–3 cm
+long, glabrate except sparsely puberulous when young, often with exfoliating cuticle; blades simple, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or oblanceolate, sometimes oblong-elliptic, 4.2–19.9 ˟
+1.9–7.4 cm
+, subcoriaceous, both surfaces glabrate except sparsely puberulous on abaxial major veins when very young, base cuneate or obtuse, sometimes attenuate, margins remotely serrulate, apex usually cuspidate, sometimes acuminate, tip
+0.4–1.4 cm
+long; venation pinnate, primary vein 1, secondary veins (4) 5–6(7) on each side of the midrib, brochidodromous, tertiary veins percurrent and somewhat reticulate near the midrib; stipels and glandular knobs absent adaxially at petiole apex; adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 2, narrowly oblong-elliptic to elliptic, oblong-obovate to broadly obovate, or round-deltoid (rarely circular or irregularly obovate), 1.3–3 ˟
+0.4–1.8 mm
+; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries (2–)4–7(–14) per side,
+0.2–0.6 mm
+in diam, near the margins on distal 2/3rds of the blade, adaxial laminar nectaries absent.
+Inflorescences
+axillary, bisexual racemose thyrses (often appearing unisexual due to protogynous development),
+0.5–3.5 cm
+long, 1–2/axil; peduncle absent; axes glabrate to sparsely puberulous; staminate bracts ovate to broadly ovate,
+0.5–0.9 mm
+long, glabrate to puberulous (sometimes only on the central vein and margin); pistillate bracts ovate,
+0.6–0.9 mm
+long, glabrate to puberulous (sometimes only along the margin); staminate flowers numerous, distal, 1–2(3)/node in reduced and condensed cymules (rarely proximal cymules bisexual with a terminal pistillate flower); pistillate flowers 1, basal (may appear to arise from the leaf axil), or rarely 2–3, 1/node in proximal bisexual cymules, usually fallen or in fruit when staminate flowers are at or near anthesis.
+Staminate flowers:
+pedicel (2.5)
+9–13 mm
+long at anthesis, sparsely to densely puberulous; bud subglobose to ovoid, apex rounded; sepals 3, often recurved at anthesis, ovate, 1.2–1.5 ˟
+0.8–1 mm
+, apex obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely to moderately puberulous (sometimes only near the apex); receptacle globose, fully covered with anthers; nectary an extrastaminal annular ring, sometimes appearing lobed or 3-segmented, or not evident; androecium subglobose, 0.5–0.6 ˟
+0.6–0.8 mm
+, stamens 16–20, filaments absent (rarely present, stout, <
+0.5 mm
+long, on;3 basal-most stamens), anther sacs ellipsoid, dehiscing longitudinally.
+Pistillate flowers:
+pedicel (comprising cyme axis and true pedicel)
+3–12.5 mm
+long, glabrate to sparsely puberulous; sepals 4, triangular to broadly triangular, sometimes lanceolate, 0.5–0.7 ˟
+0.3–0.6 mm
+, glabrate to sparsely puberulous; ovary 4–lobed, 0.8–2 ˟
+1.3–3.4 mm
+, lobes rounded and laterally compressed, glabrate except often puberulous along midline of the lobe, conspicuous wings or horns absent; styles 4, entirely connate into a depressed-subglobose column, wider than long, sometimes donut-shaped, with a central dimple when young, 0.3–1 ˟
+0.6–1.8 mm
+, unlobed distally, glabrate; stigmas 4, pale yellow or goldenbrown when dry, round-deltoid (appearing clover-shaped as a group),
+0.3–0.5 mm
+long each, smooth.
+Fruits
+4–lobed capsules, 0.5–0.8 ˟
+0.9–1.3 cm
+, surface verrucose, glabrate to very sparsely puberulous, each carpel subglobose, usually unornamented, sometimes with a short tubercle,
+0.9–1.1 mm
+long; stylar columns persistent, depressed-subglobose with conspicuous clover-shaped stigmas, glabrate; pedicels
+8.5–15 mm
+long.
+Seeds
+not seen.
+Figure 5
+.
+
+
+Pollen
+—Tricolpate, oblate spheroidal (P/
+E = 0.88
+–1.0), polar axis
+
+29.1–32.7
+m
+
+m, equatorial axis
+
+29.1–37.1
+m
+
+m; amb subcircular; colpi broad, margins uneven and jagged; tectum coarsely reticulate (voucher:
+
+Lowrie
+et al. 6161
+
+MO).
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+—The specific epithet is derived from
+brevi
+- (Latin, short or small) and -
+styla
+(Latin, -styled), and refers to the short stylar column that differentiates it from other neotropical species.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution, Habitat, and Phenology
+—This species is known from the Rio Jar´ı region of northern Pará and a single collection from east-central Amazonas,
+Brazil
+(
+Fig. 6
+), suggestive of a more widespread distribution in the central and eastern Amazon basin. They are slender lianas climbing
+3–6 m
+in terra firme rainforest, with elevations not recorded (estimated <
+100 m
+), and flowering and fruiting specimens collected from July to October.
+
+
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—
+Plukenetia brevistyla
+
+is morphologically similar to
+
+P. megastyla
+
+but differs by having short depressed-subglobose stylar columns,
+0.3–1 mm
+long (
+Fig. 5
+), petioles with more or less uniform thickness (sometimes darker in colour at the base and apex), and subcoriaceous leaf blades, compared to thick oblong-obovoid stylar columns,
+2.6–4.4 mm
+long, petioles with thickened, often purplish, pulvinus-like regions at the base and apex, and thick-chartaceous leaf blades in
+
+P. megastyla
+
+. Both species are distributed in the Amazon basin with
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+near the main stem of the Amazon River and
+
+P. megastyla
+
+along the southern boundary of the region (
+Fig. 6
+). The ETS phylogeny resolved
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+as an early diverging lineage in sect.
+Penninerviae
+, distinct from
+
+P. megastyla
+
+(
+Fig. 4
+). Both
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+and
+
+P. megastyla
+
+are vegetatively similar to
+
+P. brachybotrya
+
+, but the latter differs in its short massive globose stylar columns,
+2–2.5 mm
+long (
+Fig. 3C
+), staminate flowers 1/node (compared to 1–3(4)/ node), and primarily western Amazon distribution.
+
+
+Staminate flowers of
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+show variation that falls within the typical range of sect.
+Penninerviae
+. All have sessile anthers densely packed on a globose or subglobose receptacle; however, variation was noted in the presence of a nectary and outer whorl of stamens with short filaments. An annular nectary was either consistently (
+
+Lowrie
+et al. 30
+
+) or variably present (
+
+Silva
+2392
+
+). A third collection (
+Oliveira 4513
+) had a distinctly 3-lobed annular nectary and an outer whorl of;3 stamens with very short filaments. Additional collections are needed to understand this variation in staminate flower morphology.
+
+
+The NY sheet of
+
+Lowrie
+et al. 30
+
+is unusual for having inflorescences with 2–3 pistillate flowers arising from the basal-most node, as well as for having proximal bisexual cymules that terminate with a pistillate flower. Remaining sheets of the same collection (CAN, MO,
+US
+) have a single pistillate flower per inflorescence, which is typical for the species.
+
+
+
+FIG. 5.
+
+Plukenetia brevistyla
+
+sp. nov.
+A. Branch with mature leaves, inflorescences, and fruit. B. Capsule. C. Pistillate flower. D. Abaxial leaf blade margin with laminar extrafloral nectaries. E. Adaxial leaf blade with basilaminar extrafloral nectaries. F. Close-up of inflorescences.G.Close-up of staminate cymules. H. Staminate flower. Photos by W. Cardinal-McTeague. Source: A, C, F–G.
+
+Lowrie
+et al.
+
+30 (MO, NY); B.
+
+Silva
+et al. 1150
+
+(NY); D–E, H.
+Oliveira 4513
+(NY). (Abbreviations: an = annular nectary; o = ovary; s = style. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B–H = 1 mm).
+
+
+
+The collection
+Oliveira 3603
+(NY01461552) co-occurs with
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+near Monte Dourado,
+Pará
+, but differs by having oblong-elliptic leaf blades and petioles with slightly thickened pulvinus-like regions at the base and apex, which is more typical of
+
+P. megastyla
+
+. There is insufficient floral material to confidently determine its identification, but we tentatively place this collection with
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+based on its location.
+
+
+
+
+
+Specimens Examined
+—
+
+
+
+Brazil
+.
+
+—
+PARÁ
+: Rio Jar´ı, Monte Dourado, ao lado do
+
+Campo
+de Aviaç
+
+~ ao,
+
+14 June 1968
+
+,
+Oliveira 4513
+(
+NY
+)
+
+;
+
+Rio Jar´ı, Monte Dourado,
+
+4 October 1968
+
+,
+
+Silva
+1105
+
+(
+CAN
+,
+NY
+,
+US
+)
+
+;
+
+Jari,
+Estrada do Munguba
+, km 10,
+
+10 July 1969
+
+,
+
+Silva
+2392
+
+(
+NY
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9D2E31FC83F8EB5BDAF88B.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9D2E31FC83F8EB5BDAF88B.xml
index 54f0cb7525a..033cbcced07 100644
--- a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9D2E31FC83F8EB5BDAF88B.xml
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9D2E31FC83F8EB5BDAF88B.xml
@@ -1,59 +1,59 @@
-
-
-
-A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
-Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
-warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Gillespie, Lynn J.
-Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
-text
-
-
-Systematic Botany
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
-
-2020
-
-Basel, Switzerland
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
-
-2020-08-11
+
+2020-08-11
-
-45
+
+45
-
-3
+
+3
-
-507
-536
+
+507
+536
-
-https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
-journal article
-10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
-1548-2324
-15466930
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
-
+
-
+
11.
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ sp. nov.
,
Bajo Colima, road to Junchaco Palmeras
, [
-3.91666°
+3.91666°
,
--77.20000°
+-77.20000°
],
100 m
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ FIG. 6. Distribution map of our new species in sect.
,
P.
-3
+˟
huayllabambana
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ but differs in its elongate narrowly oblong-elliptic adaxial basilaminar extrafl
Monoecious vines to slender lianas; stems erect or twining; old stems to 1.2
-1 cm
++ cm
in diam, bark dark purplish brown, coarsely striate; older flowering stems medium brown when dry, to;
5 mm
in diam, faintly striate, puberulous to glabrate; younger stems faintly striate to striate, puberulous or pubescent.
@@ -191,11 +191,11 @@ alternate, evergreen; stipules deltoid,
0.5–0.7 mm
long, deciduous; petioles generally of uniform thickness and colour,
0.7–1.6 cm
-long, puberulous; blades simple, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic (sometimes narrowly so), 8–16 3
+long, puberulous; blades simple, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic (sometimes narrowly so), 8–16 ˟
3–6.5 cm
, thick-chartaceous, drying shiny olive-green above, dull olive-green or pale olive-green with orange-brown veins below, both surfaces glabrous or glabrate with major veins glabrate to sparsely puberulous, base acute to obtuse, usually shortly attenuate around basilaminar extrafloral nectaries, margins serrulate with small glandular teeth, apex acuminate to cuspidate, tip
0.6–1.3 cm
-long; venation pinnate, primary vein 1, secondary veins 5–7 on each side of the midrib, brochidodromous, tertiary veins percurrent (rarely reticulate); stipels and glandular knobs absent at petiole apex; adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 2, narrowly oblong or narrowly oblong-elliptic, sometimes irregular in shape, 2–4 3 0.5–1(–1.6) mm; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries 1–8/side, 0.3–0.7 (–0.9) mm in diam,
+long; venation pinnate, primary vein 1, secondary veins 5–7 on each side of the midrib, brochidodromous, tertiary veins percurrent (rarely reticulate); stipels and glandular knobs absent at petiole apex; adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 2, narrowly oblong or narrowly oblong-elliptic, sometimes irregular in shape, 2–4 ˟ 0.5–1(–1.6) mm; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries 1–8/side, 0.3–0.7 (–0.9) mm in diam,
0.4–2 mm
from margin on distal 5/6–1/10 of blade, adaxial laminar nectaries absent.
Inflorescences
@@ -217,11 +217,11 @@ long); pistillate flowers 1, basal, fallen or in fruit when staminate flowers ar
Staminate flowers:
pedicel
3–4.2 mm
-long at anthesis, moderately puberulous; bud subglobose, apex rounded to obtuse, often mucronate; sepals 3, reflexed, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1–1.2 3
+long at anthesis, moderately puberulous; bud subglobose, apex rounded to obtuse, often mucronate; sepals 3, reflexed, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1–1.2 ˟
0.6–0.8 mm
, apex obtuse, abaxial surface moderately puberulous; receptacle subglobose to globose, fully covered with anthers, on stalk to
0.3 mm
-long; nectary an interstaminal 3–6-segmented ring (often inconspicuous in bud); androecium subglobose, 0.4–0.5 3
+long; nectary an interstaminal 3–6-segmented ring (often inconspicuous in bud); androecium subglobose, 0.4–0.5 ˟
0.5–0.6 mm
, stamens 10–15, dimorphic, 3(4) basalmost with short filaments (
0.2–0.3 mm
@@ -231,17 +231,17 @@ pedicel
3–9 mm
long (comprising cyme axis
1.5–6 mm
-1 true pedicel
++ true pedicel
1.5–3.5 mm
-), moderately to densely puberulous, bracteoles 1/3 to 2/3 way along pedicel between cyme axis and true pedicel; sepals 4, triangular, 0.8–1.2 3
+), moderately to densely puberulous, bracteoles 1/3 to 2/3 way along pedicel between cyme axis and true pedicel; sepals 4, triangular, 0.8–1.2 ˟
0.5–0.8 mm
-, sparsely puberulous to glabrate, margins hairy; ovary 4–lobed, 0.8–1.1 3
+, sparsely puberulous to glabrate, margins hairy; ovary 4–lobed, 0.8–1.1 ˟
1.4–2 mm
, puberulous or sparsely puberulous, lobes rounded and somewhat laterally compressed,
0.3–0.5 mm
long,
0.8–1 mm
-wide at base, conspicuous wings or horns absent; styles 4, entirely connate into a thick cylindrical or obovoid-cylindrical column, 0.9–1.2 3
+wide at base, conspicuous wings or horns absent; styles 4, entirely connate into a thick cylindrical or obovoid-cylindrical column, 0.9–1.2 ˟
0.8–1 mm
, base constricted or not, apex truncate-rounded, unlobed distally, glabrate; stigmas 4, round-deltoid to circular, each
0.5 mm
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ long, sparsely puberulous.
(not well preserved, squashed) very broadly lenticular or subglobose?,;
7 mm
in diam, with radial ridge, surface orange-brown to red-brown, with irregular cream splotches.
-Figure 7
+Figure 7
.
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ in diam, with radial ridge, surface orange-brown to red-brown, with irregular cr
departments of
Colombia
, west of the Andes (
-Fig. 6
+Fig. 6
). They are vines or slender lianas of tropical pluvial forest, growing in primary or disturbed primary forest, on shrubby vegetation, or along creeks from
10–100 m
elevation. Flowering specimens were collected in January, February, May, and July; the single collection seen with fruit was collected in February. Field notes describe their flowers as green or brownish.
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ were previously included within
complex (
Gillespie 1993
-). This species complex is characterized by staminate flowers with dimorphic stamens (outer with filaments, inner with anthers sessile on a subglobose receptacle) and often with a segmented annular nectary, pistillate flowers with a stout-cylindrical stylar column and 6 elliptic leaf blades. Similar to
+). This species complex is characterized by staminate flowers with dimorphic stamens (outer with filaments, inner with anthers sessile on a subglobose receptacle) and often with a segmented annular nectary, pistillate flowers with a stout-cylindrical stylar column and ± elliptic leaf blades. Similar to
P. penninervia
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ and
(
Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
; summarized in
-Fig. 1
+Fig. 1
). This suggests that the
P. penninervia
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFCEFF91B5B11F84D.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFCEFF91B5B11F84D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4cea600e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFCEFF91B5B11F84D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+8.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+MADAGASCARIENSIS
+Leandri, Bull. Bot. Soc.
+
+France
+85: 527. 1938
+
+publ. 1939.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+MADAGASCAR
+
+.
+Mahajanga
+:
+Bois à Morataitra, rive droite de Betsiboka, est de Maevatanana (Boeny)
+,
+
+March 1899
+
+,
+
+H. Perrier
+848
+
+(
+lectotype
+designated by
+Gillespie 2007
+:
+P
+! [barcode
+P00586763
+]
+
+;
+
+isolectotypes
+:
+L
+! [accession 301470, barcode
+L 0388568
+]
+
+,
+
+P
+! [barcode
+P00586764
+]
+
+,
+
+P
+! [barcode
+P00586765
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (2007)
+for species description.
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFE0DFB795BA5FA23.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFE0DFB795BA5FA23.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbf6764a26d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFE0DFB795BA5FA23.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+KEY TO THE SPECIES Of
+PLUKENETIA SECT. MADAGASCARIENSES
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Styles entirely connate,
+3.5–5.5 mm
+long, stylar column obconic or obovoid, free style arms absent; androecia
+0.6–1 mm
+long, anthers 15–20; inflorescences thyrses, terminal and appearing leaf-opposed, staminate flowers in distinct cymules; glandular knobs absent at petiole apex.......................................................................................................................... 6.
+
+P. ankaranensis
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Styles 55–60% connate, entire style
+8–16 mm
+long, stylar column cylindrical, free style arms slender, tapered; androecia
+1.6–4 mm
+long, anthers 18–60+; inflorescences very narrow thyrses or racemes, axillary or terminal, staminate flowers single per node or in condensed cymules; glandular knobs 1–2 at petiole apex, sometimes minute.................................................................................................. 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Inflorescences terminal racemes, staminate flowers single per node; bracts triangular,
+1–2 mm
+long, sessile, eglandular; androecia
+1.6–1.8 mm
+long, anthers 18–30 on oblong-ellipsoid receptacle; leaf blades triangular-ovate or ovate......................................... 7.
+
+P. decidua
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Inflorescences axillary thyrses, staminate flowers in condensed cymules; bracts lanceolate,
+3–8 mm
+long, usually petiolate and 2-glandular; androecia
+3–4 mm
+long, anthers 35–60 + on narrowly conical receptacle; leaf blades broadly ovate or orbicular...................................................................................................... 8.
+
+P. madagascariensis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFF5AF8BD5BEFF94C.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFF5AF8BD5BEFF94C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0cf350a4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9E2E2CFF5AF8BD5BEFF94C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+7.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+DECIDUA
+L.J.Gillespie, Syst. Bot.
+
+32 (4): 798. 2007
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+
+MADAGASCAR
+
+.
+Sud-Ouest, entre Ampanihy et Itrobiky (route Ampanihy-Androka)
+,
+
+4 July 1958
+
+,
+
+R. Capuron
+
+
+18682-SF
+
+(
+holotype
+:
+P
+! [barcode
+P00586758
+]
+
+;
+
+isotypes
+:
+P
+! [barcode
+P00586759
+]
+
+,
+
+P
+! [barcode
+P00586760
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (2007)
+for species description.
+
+
+Although barcodes were not applied to the specimens at Paris when
+Gillespie (2007)
+described
+
+P. decidua
+, LJG
+
+confirms that specimen P00586758, which has the most abundant vegetative and floral material, is correctly annotated as the
+holotype
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFDDFFCFE5BB1F98F.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFDDFFCFE5BB1F98F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3be523e937c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFDDFFCFE5BB1F98F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+KEY TO THE SPECIES Of
+PLUKENETIA SECT. PENNINERVIAE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Leaf venation palmate, primary veins 3, base subcordate to truncate; stipels 2, present adaxially at petiole apex; stylar column globose, subglobose, or obovoid.......................................................................................................... 17.
+
+P. verrucosa
+
+
+
+
+1. Leaf venation pinnate, primary vein 1, base rounded to attenuate; stipels absent adaxially at petiole apex; stylar column slender-cylindrical, stout-cylindrical, depressed-subglobose, globose, or oblong-obovoid....................................................................... 2
+
+
+
+
+2. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 1 pair; stylar columns depressed-subglobose, globose, or oblong-obovoid....................... 3
+
+
+
+
+
+3. Stylar columns globose; stamens: 30–50 sessile anthers; staminate nectaries absent.................................. 9.
+
+P. brachybotrya
+
+
+
+
+3. Stylar columns depressed-subglobose or oblong-obovoid; stamens: 16–30 sessile anthers, sometimes;3 basal-most stamens on short filaments; staminate nectaries an annular ring with an uneven or undulate upper surface, sometimes 3-segmented or absent.................... 4
+
+
+
+
+
+4. Stylar columns depressed-subglobose,
+0.3–1 mm
+long; staminate sepals 3, often recurved at anthesis; stamens 16–20 usually sessile anthers, sometimes;3 basal-most stamens with short filaments; petioles generally of uniform thickness and colour; fruit carpels usually unornamented, sometimes with a short tubercle.................................................................. 10.
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+
+
+
+
+4. Stylar columns oblong-obovoid,
+2.6–4.4 mm
+long; staminate sepals 3–4, incurved to spreading at anthesis; stamens 20–30 sessile anthers; petioles with thickened, often purplish pulvinus-like regions at base and apex; fruit carpels usually with a short tubercle, sometimes unornamented.......................................................................................... 13.
+
+P. megastyla
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 1–5 pairs; stylar columns slender-cylindrical, stout-cylindrical, or obovoid-cylindrical............. 5
+
+
+
+
+
+5. Stylar columns slender-cylindrical,
+2.5–4.8 mm
+long; stamens of
+one type
+: 15–25 sessile anthers on a globose receptacle; staminate nectaries absent..................................................................................................... 12.
+
+P. loretensis
+
+
+
+
+
+5. Stylar columns stout- or obovoid-cylindrical, 0.9–2(3) mm long; stamens of
+two types
+: 6–15 sessile anthers on a globose receptacle and an outer whorl of 3–4 stamens with filaments; staminate nectaries annular, 3–6–lobed or absent............................................ 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+6. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 3–5 pairs; young shoots and petioles densely hirsute; leaf blades hirsute abaxially........................................................................................................... 14.
+
+P. multiglandulosa
+
+
+
+
+6. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries 1–2(3) pairs; young shoots and petioles puberulent; leaf blades glabrous to sparsely puberulous abaxially........................................................................................................... 7
+
+
+
+
+
+7. Scattered laminar extrafloral nectaries numerous, present on both leaf surfaces; leaf blades chartaceous, margins minutely serrulate, appearing undulate, never distinctly glandular; inflorescences
+2–8 cm
+long.............................. 16.
+
+P. supraglandulosa
+
+
+
+
+
+7. Scattered laminar extrafloral nectaries absent or 1–8 near margin on abaxial leaf surface; leaf blades thick-chartaceous to coriaceous, margins distinctly serrulate, often distinctly glandular (
+
+P. penninervia
+
+); inflorescences
+0.5–3 cm
+long (to
+6 cm
+long in late staminate stage of
+
+P. chocoensis
+
+)................................................................................................. 8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+8. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries narrowly oblong-elliptic, base short attenuate and clasping; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries 1–8 near the margin; staminate stage inflorescences
+1.5–6 cm
+long; leaf blades drying olive-green with darker orange-brown abaxial venation........................................................................... 11.
+
+P. chocoensis
+
+
+
+
+
+8. Adaxial basilaminar extrafloral nectaries small and circular, base obtuse or rounded and non-clasping; abaxial laminar extrafloral nectaries usually absent; staminate stage inflorescences
+1–2 cm
+long; leaf blades drying grey-green with pale-cream or straw-coloured abaxial venation........................................................................ 15.
+
+P. penninervia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFF4EF9445BB2F84B.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFF4EF9445BB2F84B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16bf4f739e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFF4EF9445BB2F84B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+9.
+
+
+PLUKENETIA
+BRACHYBOTRYA
+Müll.Arg., Linnaea
+
+34: 158. 1865
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Apodandra brachybotrya
+(Müll.Arg.) J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser.
+
+, 13 (3a, 1): 117. 1951.
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+:
+
+
+PERU
+
+. Peruvia, “
+Herb. Pavon
+” [likely
+
+H. Ruiz
+&
+J. Pavón
+s.n.
+
+] (
+holotype
+:
+G-BOIS
+! [barcode
+G00441995
+]
+
+;
+
+isotypes
+:
+G
+! [barcode
+G00441996
+]
+
+,
+
+G-DC
+! [barcode
+G00313654
+]
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plukenetia buchtienii
+Pax, Repert.
+
+Spec. Nov.
+Regni Veg. 7: 110. 1909
+
+.
+
+Apodandra buchtienii
+(Pax) Pax & K.Hoffm.
+
+in
+A.Engler
+(ed.),
+Pflanzenr. IV
+, 147, IX (Heft 68): 21. 1919.
+TYPE
+:
+
+BOLIVIA
+
+.
+Charopompa
+bei
+Mapiri
+,
+
+570 m
+
+,
+
+November 1907
+
+,
+
+O. Buchtien
+1962
+
+(
+lectotype
+designated by
+Gillespie 1993
+: US! [accession 1175161, barcode 00096450];
+isolectotypes
+: NY! [barcode 00273178], Z [barcode Z-000019739; image!]).
+
+
+
+
+
+Notes
+—See
+Gillespie (1993)
+for species discussion.
+
+
+
+Müller cited the protologue of
+
+P. brachybotrya
+
+as “hb. Pavon! in hb. Boiss.” suggesting the
+holotype
+was a Pavon collection housed in Boissier’ s herbarium. Given that there is only one such sheet in Boissier’ s herbarium (now housed at G), we maintain that it is a
+holotype
+and not in need of lectotypification.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFF4EFF755BE5FD0B.xml b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFF4EFF755BE5FD0B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d907db87d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/B2/62/03B2627DFF9F2E2DFF4EFF755BE5FD0B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+
+
+
+A Revised Sectional Classification of Plukenetia L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) with Four New Species from South America
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada & Current address: Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H 1 X 2 B 2, Canada & Author for correspondence (warren. cardinal-mcteague @ umontreal. ca)
+warren.cardinal-mcteague@umontreal.ca
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Gillespie, Lynn J.
+Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada
+
+text
+
+
+Systematic Botany
+
+
+2020
+
+Basel, Switzerland
+
+
+2020-08-11
+
+
+45
+
+
+3
+
+
+507
+536
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613572
+
+journal article
+10.1600/036364420X15935294613572
+1548-2324
+15466930
+
+
+
+
+
+V.
+
+Plukenetia
+sect.
+Penninerviae
+Card.
+
+-McTeag. & L.J. Gillespie
+sect. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+TYPE
+
+:
+
+Plukenetia penninervia
+Müll.Arg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vines or lianas, stems slender.
+Leaf venation
+pinnate, primary vein 1 (palmate, primary veins
+3 in
+
+P. verrucosa
+
+).
+Inflorescences
+bisexual racemose thyrses (racemes in
+
+P. brachybotrya
+
+); pistillate flowers solitary at basal-most node; staminate flowers 1–3(–5)/ node in condensed cymules, sometimes appearing short racemose, or 1/node.
+Staminate flowers:
+receptacle globose or subglobose; nectaries absent or an extrastaminal annular ring (3–6-lobed, or unlobed with an uneven or undulate upper surface); stamens 6–50, anthers sessile and densely packed on the receptacle, sometimes with an outer whorl of 3–4 filamentous stamens; filaments absent or slender-cylindrical
+0.2–1 mm
+long in outer whorl; pollen P =
+
+31–62
+m
+
+m,
+
+E =
+39
+
+–76
+m
+m, tectum coarsely reticulate.
+Pistillate flowers:
+styles entirely connate into a depressed-subglobose, globose, obovoid, oblong-obovoid, stout-cylindrical, or slender-cylindrical column with a dilated apex,
+0.3–4.5 mm
+long.
+Fruits
+4- lobed capsules, dry, dehiscent,
+0.9–1.5 cm
+in diam.
+Seeds
+globose, subglobose, or broadly lenticular, 4.5–7.3 ˟ 3.7–7.1 ˟
+3–5.2 mm
+, (“small” or “medium” sensu
+Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019a
+).
+
+
+
+
+The species in this section are distributed in
+Mexico
+, Central America, northwestern and Amazonian South America, and the Lesser Antilles.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+—The sectional epithet is derived from
+penni
+- (Latin, feather) and -
+nervia
+(Latin, -nerved or -veined), referring to the pinnately veined leaves exhibited by most species in the section (excluding
+
+P. verrucosa
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Discussion
+—Section
+
+Penninerviae
+
+refers to subclade P2 (
+Fig. 1
+) and includes nine species distributed throughout the Neotropics. This section was erroneously referred to as sect.
+Euplukenetia
+by
+Pax and Hoffmann (1919)
+, but that name was both invalid and incorrectly attributed to a section excluding the
+type
+species,
+
+P. volubilis
+
+. Section
+
+Penninerviae
+
+forms a major component of the pinnately veined clade (P1 + P2), and is distinguished by having staminate flowers with sessile anthers densely packed on a globose receptacle (
+Fig. 2C
+), frequently with an extrastaminal annular or segmented nectary (see
+
+P. brevistyla
+
+and
+
+P. megastyla
+
+) and/or an outer whorl of 3–4 filamentous stamens (
+Fig. 2D–E
+). It differs from sect.
+
+Fragariopsis
+
+by having a single pistillate flower per inflorescence and “small” seeds borne in small dry dehiscent capsules.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/0A/83/E8/0A83E8F40FF55FB3A0D4CB2DDB9125C1.xml b/data/0A/83/E8/0A83E8F40FF55FB3A0D4CB2DDB9125C1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4cc243335df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/0A/83/E8/0A83E8F40FF55FB3A0D4CB2DDB9125C1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,2172 @@
+
+
+
+Taxonomic revision of the Quasipaa verrucospinosa complex (Amphibia, Dicroglossidae) in Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pham, Cuong The
+0000-0001-5158-4526
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hoang, Chung Van
+0000-0002-0709-974X
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Phan, Tien Quang
+0000-0002-2738-5364
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pham, Anh Van
+0000-0002-6023-3418
+Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ong, An Vinh
+0000-0003-3683-3832
+Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, 11400 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nguyen, Vien Hong Thi
+0000-0002-3744-3054
+Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Department of Zoology, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Road. Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ziegler, Thomas
+0000-0002-4797-609X
+Faculty of Resources and Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam & AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Strasse 173, D- 50735 Cologne, Germany
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nguyen, Truong Quang
+0000-0002-6601-0880
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2025
+
+2025-06-05
+
+
+1240
+
+
+139
+175
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1240.147337
+562CF389-0F40-4FA2-8171-CC51E7AFA2A7
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 7
+,
+8
+,
+9
+,
+10
+,
+11
+,
+Table 6
+
+
+
+
+
+Paa verrucospinosa
+
+
+:
+Hu et al. 2005: 340–341
+.
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa verrucospinosa
+
+
+:
+Yan et al. 2021: 1–7
+.
+Suwannapoom et al. 2021: 1–12
+, fig. 3.
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa
+cf.
+verrucospinosa
+
+
+:
+Dau et al. 2024: 9–11
+, fig. 5.
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material.
+
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+.
+
+•
+
+IEBR
+A.5159
+
+,
+adult male
+, collected by
+T. Q. Phan
+and
+H. Q. Nguyen
+, on
+
+17 November 2021
+
+, in
+Xuan Lien Nature Reserve
+(
+
+19°59.076'N
+,
+104°59.095'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+806 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Thuong Xuan District
+,
+Thanh Hoa Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+.
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+.
+
+(
+n
+= 12) •
+
+IEBR
+A.5160
+
+,
+adult female
+, collected by
+T. Q. Phan
+and
+C. V. Hoang
+, on
+
+20 October 2021
+
+, in
+Xuan Lien Nature Reserve
+(
+
+19°52.041'N
+,
+105°12.569'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+297 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Thuong Xuan District
+,
+Thanh Hoa Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+;
+
+
+IEBR
+A.5161
+
+–5163,
+three adult males
+and
+
+IEBR
+A.5164
+
+–5166,
+three adult females
+, collected by
+C. T. Pham
+and
+C. V. Hoang
+, on
+
+25 August 2012
+
+, in
+Xuan Lien Nature Reserve
+(
+
+19°51.446'N
+,
+105°12.153'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+423 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Thuong Xuan District
+,
+Thanh Hoa Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+;
+
+
+ZVNU
+11
+
+,
+adult male
+, collected by
+A. V. Pham
+, on
+
+22 December 2012
+
+, in
+Copia Nature Reserve
+(
+
+21°20.216'N
+,
+103°34.822'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+950 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Thuan Chau District
+,
+Son La Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+;
+
+
+ZVNU
+12
+
+,
+adult male
+, collected by
+T. Q. Nguyen
+,
+A. V. Pham
+, and
+H. N. Ngo
+, on
+
+17 September 2014
+
+, in
+Copia Nature Reserve
+(
+
+21°20.216'N
+,
+103°34.822'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+950 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Thuan Chau District
+,
+Son La Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+;
+
+
+ZVNU
+14
+
+,
+adult male
+and
+
+ZVNU
+13
+
+,
+adult female
+, collected by
+A. V. Pham
+and
+N. B. Sung
+, on
+
+16 September 2016
+
+, in
+Copia Nature Reserve
+(
+
+21°20.216'N
+,
+103°34.822'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+950 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Thuan Chau District
+,
+Son La Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+;
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5167
+
+,
+adult female
+, collected by
+A. V. Ong
+, on
+
+26 October 2021
+
+, in
+Pu Hoat Nature Reserve
+(
+
+19°44.245'N
+,
+104°57.474'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+655 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Que Phong District
+,
+Nghe An Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Both morphological characteristics (body very stout, skin rough with dermal ridges and tubercles, forelimbs of males strongly enlarged, with inner side of arms, fingers or chest and belly with black spines) (
+Fei et al. 2009
+) and molecular data revealed the new species to be nested within
+
+Quasipaa
+
+.
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+is distinguishable from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics: (1)
+SVL
+86.7–107.8 mm
+in males and 92.7–107.0 mm in females; (2) head broader than long (
+HL
+/
+HW
+0.89 in
+males,
+0.88 in
+females); (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) external vocal sacs absent; (5) tympanum visible, round; (6) dorsum with thick ridges and small round tubercles; (7) flanks covered by oval and round tubercles; (8) supratympanic fold present; (9) dorsolateral fold absent; (10) ventral surface of arms and all fingers with spines in males; (11) fingers I and II with nuptial pad in males; (12) each chest tubercle with one black spine in males; (13) females with yellowish cream eggs; (14) toes fully webbed to distal end of terminal phalanx; and (15) in life, dorsum dark brown, chest and belly immaculate white, iris dark green.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Description of
+holotype
+.
+
+
+
+A large frog (
+SVL
+103.1 mm
+); habitus robust with enlarged head (
+HL
+/
+SVL
+0.38,
+HW
+/
+SVL
+0.43); head broader than long (
+HL
+39.4 mm
+,
+HW
+44.6 mm
+); snout round anteriorly in dorsal view, projecting beyond lower jaw; nostril lateral, closer to eye than to the tip of snout (
+NS
+9.0 mm,
+EN
+7.9 mm
+); canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region oblique and slightly concave; rostral length greater than eye diameter (
+RL
+16.0 mm,
+ED
+13.0 mm); internarial distance wider than interorbital distance and upper eyelid width (
+IND
+10.2 mm
+,
+IOD
+7.4 mm
+,
+UEW
+9.3 mm
+); tympanum visible (
+TD
+4.0 mm) smaller than the distance from tympanum to eye (
+TYE
+7.0 mm), ~ 30 % eye diameter; vomerine teeth in two oblique ridges; tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly; external vocal sac absent.
+
+
+
+Skin texture in life
+: dorsal surface of head with oval and round tubercles, dorsum with thick ridges intermixed with small round tubercles; flanks covered by oval and round tubercles; supratympanic fold distinct, extending from eye to angle of jaw; dorsolateral fold absent; dorsal surface of forelimbs and hindlimbs with small tubercles; belly and ventral surface of thighs smooth.
+
+
+
+Nuptial spines
+: body of males with spines except for ~ 1 / 3 posterior part of belly and ventral surface of hindlimbs; dense spines on lower flanks, ventral surface of forelimbs, lower lip, throat, chest, 2 / 3 anterior part of belly and fingers I, II, III; dorsum, upper flanks, upper lip, dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs, and finger IV with small spines, scattered; each chest tubercle with one black spine.
+
+
+Coloration in life
+: iris dark green; dorsum and upper part of flanks dark brown; lower part of flanks whitish brown with white tubercles and black spines on top; dorsal surface of limbs yellowish brown with dark crossbars; throat white with brown markings; ventral surface of limbs, chest, and belly immaculate white; toe webbing dark brown.
+
+
+Coloration in preservative
+: coloration in preservative is the same in life but somewhat faded.
+
+
+
+
+Sexual dimorphism.
+
+
+Measurements and morphological characteristics of the type series are provided in Table
+6
+. The male specimens have a nuptial pad on fingers I and II and black spines on lower flanks, ventral surface of forelimbs, lower lip, throat, chest, 2 / 3 anterior part of belly, and all fingers. The females contained yellowish cream eggs, wholly unpigmented.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Measurements (in mm) and proportions of the type series of
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+(H = holotype, P = paratype, M = Male, F = Female,
+SD
+= standard deviation; for other abbreviations see Materiasl and methods).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Voucher
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5159
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5162
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5161
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5163
+
+
+
+
+ZVNU
+11
+
+
+
+
+ZVNU
+14
+
+
+
+
+ZVNU
+12
+
+
+
+Min – Max (
+n
+= 7)
+
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+(
+n
+= 7)
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5166
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5165
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5164
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5167
+
+
+
+
+ZVNU
+13
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5160
+
+
+
+Min – Max (
+n
+= 6)
+
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+(
+n
+= 6)
+
+
+
+
Sex
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
-
+
-
+
F
+
F
+
F
+
F
+
F
+
F
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
Type status
+
H
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
-
+
-
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+SVL
+
+
103.1
+
103.8
+
86.7
+
87.4
+
107.8
+
104.6
+
100.5
+
86.7–107.8
+
99.1 ± 8.5
+
99.7
+
97.8
+
92.7
+
97.1
+
107.0
+
103.2
+
92.7–107.0
+
99.6 ± 5.0
+
+
+
+HL
+
+
38.5
+
38.2
+
34.7
+
34.8
+
40.1
+
39.8
+
39.0
+
34.7–40.1
+
37.9 ± 2.2
+
37.1
+
36.7
+
33.2
+
37.7
+
40.0
+
39.2
+
33.2–40.0
+
37.3 ± 2.4
+
+
+
+HW
+
+
44.6
+
42.9
+
38.1
+
37.8
+
45.5
+
45.0
+
43.6
+
37.8–45.5
+
42.5 ± 3.2
+
42.7
+
42.1
+
37.8
+
41.8
+
45.0
+
43.6
+
37.8–45.0
+
42.2 ± 2.4
+
+
+
+MN
+
+
32.9
+
33.9
+
29.5
+
29.3
+
34.4
+
33.0
+
33.0
+
29.3–34.4
+
32.3 ± 2.1
+
31.7
+
31.3
+
28.7
+
32.8
+
33.2
+
34.0
+
28.7–34.0
+
31.9 ± 1.9
+
+
+
+MFE
+
+
28.0
+
28.7
+
23.8
+
24.7
+
29.2
+
27.2
+
27.6
+
23.8–29.2
+
27.0 ± 2.0
+
25.6
+
26.2
+
24.1
+
23.4
+
27.3
+
28.8
+
23.4–28.8
+
25.9 ± 2.0
+
+
+
+MBE
+
+
17.0
+
15.8
+
15.2
+
15.4
+
18.5
+
18.0
+
17.2
+
15.2–18.5
+
16.7 ± 1.3
+
15.7
+
15.8
+
16.4
+
16.6
+
17.0
+
18.5
+
15.7–18.5
+
16.7 ± 1.0
+
+
+
+RL
+
+
16.0
+
14.8
+
13.4
+
13.7
+
17.0
+
16.7
+
16.2
+
13.4–17.0
+
15.4 ± 1.4
+
15.4
+
14.7
+
13.5
+
14.6
+
16.8
+
16.1
+
13.5–16.8
+
15.2 ± 1.2
+
+
+
+ED
+
+
13.0
+
13.2
+
11.5
+
11.8
+
14.1
+
14.2
+
12.0
+
11.5–14.2
+
12.83 ± 1.1
+
13.0
+
12.7
+
11.9
+
11.8
+
13.3
+
13.0
+
11.8–13.3
+
12.6 ± 0.6
+
+
+
+UEW
+
+
9.3
+
10.3
+
7.9
+
7.4
+
10.5
+
10.0
+
9.8
+
7.4–10.5
+
9.3 ± 1.2
+
8.8
+
9.5
+
9.4
+
9.5
+
10.3
+
9.2
+
8.8–10.3
+
9.5 ± 0.5
+
+
+
+IND
+
+
10.2
+
10.6
+
8.3
+
7.7
+
11.2
+
10.5
+
10.3
+
7.7–11.2
+
9.8 ± 1.3
+
9.5
+
9.7
+
9.2
+
9.8
+
10.8
+
10.1
+
9.2–10.8
+
9.9 ± 0.6
+
+
+
+IOD
+
+
7.4
+
7.5
+
6.2
+
6.3
+
7.5
+
8.0
+
8.1
+
6.2–8.1
+
7.3 ± 0.8
+
7.2
+
7.4
+
6.8
+
7.6
+
8.0
+
7.8
+
6.8–8.0
+
7.5 ± 0.4
+
+
+
+DAE
+
+
16.2
+
17.4
+
13.6
+
13.5
+
17.5
+
17.0
+
16.8
+
13.5–17.5
+
16.0 ± 1.7
+
15.4
+
16.7
+
14.7
+
15.7
+
17.3
+
15.3
+
14.7–17.3
+
15.9 ± 0.9
+
+
+
+DPE
+
+
28.1
+
28.8
+
23.3
+
24.7
+
30.0
+
28.5
+
26.0
+
23.3–30.0
+
27.1 ± 2.4
+
27.3
+
27.1
+
26.2
+
26.9
+
28.3
+
28.0
+
26.2–28.3
+
27.3 ± 0.8
+
+
+
+NS
+
+
9.0
+
7.8
+
6.8
+
7.1
+
9.0
+
9.1
+
9.0
+
6.8–9.1
+
8.3 ± 1.0
+
8.2
+
7.5
+
6.4
+
7.3
+
9.0
+
9.1
+
6.4–9.1
+
7.9 ± 1.1
+
+
+
+EN
+
+
6.9
+
7.0
+
6.5
+
6.6
+
7.2
+
6.7
+
7.1
+
6.5–7.2
+
6.9 ± 0.3
+
7.2
+
7.2
+
6.1
+
7.1
+
7.0
+
7.4
+
6.1–7.4
+
7.0 ± 0.5
+
+
+
+TD
+
+
4.0
+
4.3
+
3.4
+
3.6
+
4.8
+
4.3
+
4.1
+
3.4–4.8
+
4.1 ± 0.5
+
4.4
+
3.6
+
4.2
+
4.3
+
4.4
+
4.8
+
3.6–4.8
+
4.3 ± 0.4
+
+
+
+TYE
+
+
7.0
+
6.8
+
6.1
+
6.2
+
7.2
+
7.2
+
7.0
+
6.1–7.2
+
6.8 ± 0.5
+
6.3
+
6.8
+
6.5
+
7.5
+
7.1
+
6.8
+
6.3–7.5
+
6.8 ± 0.4
+
+
+
+UAL
+
+
23.2
+
20.2
+
16.1
+
16.8
+
23.6
+
22.0
+
20.1
+
16.1–23.6
+
20.3 ± 2.9
+
18.4
+
18.6
+
15.6
+
17.6
+
22.0
+
19.0
+
15.6–22
+
18.5 ± 2.1
+
+
+
+FAL
+
+
51.0
+
51.1
+
42.2
+
41.8
+
52.0
+
47.6
+
49.3
+
41.8–52.0
+
47.9 ± 4.3
+
44.5
+
42.8
+
42.4
+
41.5
+
51.4
+
46.8
+
41.5–51.4
+
44.9 ± 3.7
+
+
+
+FeL
+
+
52.8
+
55.7
+
48.1
+
49.8
+
59.0
+
56.0
+
53.0
+
48.1–59.0
+
53.5 ± 3.8
+
53.7
+
53.2
+
47.9
+
52.6
+
59.0
+
51.2
+
47.9–59
+
52.9 ± 3.6
+
+
+
+TbL
+
+
60.3
+
59.2
+
51.2
+
52.1
+
62.5
+
59.0
+
58.0
+
51.2–62.5
+
57.5 ± 4.2
+
57.8
+
56.0
+
52.4
+
54.7
+
61.0
+
56.8
+
52.4–61
+
56.5 ± 2.9
+
+
+
+TbW
+
+
19.1
+
18.6
+
15.1
+
16.3
+
22.0
+
19.8
+
18.8
+
15.1–22.0
+
18.5 ± 2.3
+
17.5
+
17.3
+
16.5
+
18.5
+
22.0
+
19.0
+
16.5–22.0
+
18.5 ± 1.9
+
+
+
+FoL
+
+
77.8
+
76.7
+
66.7
+
68.1
+
81.0
+
79.0
+
79.0
+
66.7–81.0
+
75.5 ± 5.7
+
75.2
+
72.1
+
68.4
+
69.3
+
79.3
+
74.6
+
68.4–79.3
+
73.2 ± 4.1
+
+
+
+IMT
+
+
11.1
+
10.1
+
9.4
+
9.7
+
10.5
+
10.0
+
10.2
+
9.4–11.1
+
10.1 ± 0.6
+
10.3
+
9.9
+
10.6
+
9.2
+
10.2
+
10.5
+
9.2–10.6
+
10.1 ± 0.5
+
+
+
+HL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.37
+
0.37
+
0.40
+
0.40
+
0.37
+
0.38
+
0.39
+
0.37–0.4
+
0.38 ± 0.01
+
0.37
+
0.38
+
0.36
+
0.39
+
0.37
+
0.38
+
0.36–0.39
+
0.37 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+HW
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.43
+
0.41
+
0.44
+
0.43
+
0.42
+
0.43
+
0.43
+
0.41–0.44
+
0.43 ± 0.01
+
0.43
+
0.43
+
0.41
+
0.43
+
0.42
+
0.42
+
0.41–0.43
+
0.42 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+RL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.16
+
0.14
+
0.15
+
0.16
+
0.16
+
0.16
+
0.16
+
0.14–0.16
+
0.16 ± 0.01
+
0.15
+
0.15
+
0.15
+
0.15
+
0.16
+
0.16
+
0.15–0.16
+
0.15 ± 0.00
+
+
+
+HL
+/
+HW
+
+
0.86
+
0.89
+
0.91
+
0.92
+
0.88
+
0.88
+
0.89
+
0.86–0.92
+
0.89 ± 0.02
+
0.87
+
0.87
+
0.88
+
0.90
+
0.89
+
0.90
+
0.87–0.9
+
0.88 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+ED
+/
+RL
+
+
0.81
+
0.89
+
0.86
+
0.86
+
0.83
+
0.85
+
0.74
+
0.74–0.89
+
0.83 ± 0.05
+
0.84
+
0.86
+
0.88
+
0.81
+
0.79
+
0.81
+
0.79–0.88
+
0.83 ± 0.04
+
+
+
+TYE
+/
+TD
+
+
1.75
+
1.58
+
1.79
+
1.72
+
1.50
+
1.67
+
1.71
+
1.50–1.79
+
1.68 ± 0.10
+
1.43
+
1.89
+
1.55
+
1.74
+
1.61
+
1.42
+
1.42–1.89
+
1.61 ± 0.18
+
+
+
+TD
+/
+ED
+
+
0.31
+
0.33
+
0.30
+
0.31
+
0.34
+
0.30
+
0.34
+
0.30–0.34
+
0.32 ± 0.02
+
0.34
+
0.28
+
0.35
+
0.36
+
0.33
+
0.37
+
0.28–0.37
+
0.34 ± 0.03
+
+
+
+TbL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.58
+
0.57
+
0.59
+
0.60
+
0.58
+
0.56
+
0.58
+
0.56–0.60
+
0.58 ± 0.01
+
0.58
+
0.57
+
0.57
+
0.56
+
0.57
+
0.55
+
0.55–0.58
+
0.57 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+TbL
+/
+TbW
+
+
3.16
+
3.18
+
3.39
+
3.20
+
2.84
+
2.98
+
3.09
+
2.84–3.39
+
3.12 ± 0.17
+
3.30
+
3.24
+
3.18
+
2.96
+
2.77
+
2.99
+
2.77–3.3
+
3.07 ± 0.20
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Ecological notes.
+
+
+Specimens were found between 19: 00 and 23: 00 in the headwaters of rocky streams (Fig.
+12 A
+). They were found in the water or on the ground of stream banks at elevations between 300 and
+950 m
+a. s. l. The surrounding habitat was secondary forest of large, medium-sized, and small hardwoods mixed with shrubs and vines (Fig.
+12 B
+). Air temperatures at the sites ranged from 20.3–27.8 ° C and relative humidity was 65–83 %. Male advertisement calls and tadpoles of the species had not been recorded during our field surveys. Other amphibian species found at the sites included
+
+Leptobrachella eos
+(Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011)
+
+,
+
+Xenophrys lancangica
+Lyu, Wang & Wang, 2023
+
+,
+
+Limnonectes bannaensis
+Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang, 2007
+
+,
+
+Amolops tanfuilianae
+Sheridan, Phimmachak, Sivongxay & Stuart, 2023
+
+,
+
+Odorrana chloronota
+(Günther, 1876)
+
+,
+
+O. nasica
+(Boulenger, 1903)
+
+,
+
+O. tiannanensis
+(Yang & Li, 1980)
+
+,
+
+Hylarana maosonensis
+Bourret, 1937
+
+,
+
+Kurixalus
+sp.
+
+,
+
+Polypedates megacephalus
+Hallowell, 1861
+
+, and
+
+Rhacophorus orlovi
+Ziegler & Köhler, 2001
+
+. During to field surveys in Vu Quang National Park (
+Ha Tinh Province
+) and Pu Hoat Nature Reserve (
+Nghe An Province
+) in
+April 2025
+, We also observed some individuals of the new species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Habitat of
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+in Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam
+A
+microhabitat
+B
+evergreen forest.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+is currently known from
+Son La
+(Copia Nature Reserve),
+Thanh Hoa
+(Xuan Lien Nature Reserve), and
+Nghe An
+(Pu Hoat Nature Reserve) provinces,
+Vietnam
+. Data obtained from GenBank shows that this species was also recorded from
+Yunnan Province
+in
+China
+;
+Phongsaly Province
+in
+Laos
+; and
+Nan Province
+in
+Thailand
+(
+Suwannapoom et al. 2021
+; see Discussion below).
+
+
+
+
+Comparisons.
+
+
+We compared the new species with its congeners.
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. verrucospinosa
+
+by having nuptial spines on all fingers of males (vs absent on finger IV); males with nuptial spines on ventral surface of arms (vs absent); dense spines on lower lip and throat of males (vs small and scattered); a smaller ratio of
+TD
+/
+ED
+(0.32,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 0.34,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs 0.53,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 0.50,
+n
+=
+7 in
+females); a greater ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+(1.68,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 1.61,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs 1.16,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 1.14,
+n
+=
+7 in
+females), inner metatarsal tubercle oval (vs inner metatarsal tubercle round); different dorsal color pattern (dark brown vs yellowish grey); different ventral color pattern (immaculate white vs pale yellow); iris dark green (vs pale copper); and females with wholly unpigmented eggs (vs melanic poles).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. acanthophora
+
+by having the dorsum with thick ridges (vs small tubercles); males with nuptial spines on ventral surface of arms (vs absent); males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on finger IV); dense spines present on throat and chest of males (vs small and scattered); and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. boulengeri
+
+by having the dorsum with thick ridges and round tubercles (vs elongate ridges), males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on finger IV), males with nuptial spines on throat and ventral surface of arms (vs absent), different ventral color pattern (immaculate white vs pale yellow), and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. courtoisi
+
+by having a smaller size in males (
+SVL
+86.7–107.8 mm
+,
+n
+= 7 vs
+126 mm
+,
+n
+= 1), males with nuptial spines on throat and ventral surface of arms (vs absent) and males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on finger IV).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. delacouri
+
+by having the dorsum with thick ridges and round tubercles (vs smooth); males with nuptial pad on fingers I and II (vs absent); and males with nuptial spines (vs absent); different dorsal color pattern (dark brown vs brick red with black spots); and tibio-tarsal articulation reaching to nostril (vs tibio-tarsal articulation reaching to tip of snout), a greater ratio of
+TD
+/
+ED
+(0.32,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 0.34,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs 0.26,
+n
+=
+3 in
+males and 0.24,
+n
+=
+3 in
+females); a smaller ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+(1.68,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 1.61,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs 2.15,
+n
+=
+3 in
+males and 1.93,
+n
+=
+3 in
+females) (Figs
+13
+–
+15
+, Table
+5
+).
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. exilispinosa
+
+by having a larger size (
+SVL
+86.7–107.8 mm
+,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 92.7–107.0 mm,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs
+SVL
+44.2–66.5 mm
+,
+n
+=
+20 in
+males and 40.0–
+63.3 mm
+,
+n
+=
+20 in
+females); dorsum with thick ridges (vs small tubercles); males with nuptial spines on throat and ventral surface of arms (vs absent); males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on finger IV); and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa delacouri
+
+(
+
+IEBR
+A. 5017
+
+, male) in preservative
+A
+dorsolateral view
+B
+ventral view. The red oval indicates testicles of male. Scale bars: 10 mm
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. fasciculispina
+
+by having a smaller ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+in males (1.68,
+n
+= 7 vs 2.0,
+n
+= 1); each chest tubercle with only one black spine in males (vs each chest tubercle with 5–10 black spines); iris dark green (vs bright copper-colored); and external vocal sac absent (vs vocal sac openings in floor of mouth).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa delacouri
+
+A
+lower left hand of male (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5017
+
+)
+B
+upper right hand of male (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5017
+
+)
+C
+iris of male (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5017
+
+)
+D
+lower right foot of male (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5017
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. jiulongensis
+
+by having the dorsum with thick ridges (vs small tubercles); males with nuptial spines on throat and ventral surface of arms of males (vs absent); males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on fingers III and IV); the absence of pale-colored longitudinal stripes on upper jaw edge (vs present); and the absence of four or five yellow dorsal dots arranged in longitudinal rows (vs present).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. robertingeri
+
+by having the dorsum with thick ridges and round tubercles (vs elongate ridges); males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on finger IV); males with nuptial spines on throat and ventral surface of arms (vs absent); different ventral color pattern (immaculate white vs pale yellow); and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. shini
+
+by the males having nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on finger IV), on throat and ventral surface of arms (vs absent), and each chest tubercle with only one black spine in males (vs each chest tubercle with 3–8 black spines).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. spinosa
+
+by having the dorsum with thick ridges (vs small tubercles); the absence of pale-colored longitudinal stripes on upper jaw edge (vs present); males with nuptial spines on throat and ventral surface of arms of males (vs absent); and males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent on fingers III and IV).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. taoi
+
+by its lager size (
+SVL
+86.7–107.8 mm
+,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 92.7–107.0 mm,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs
+79.6–84.3 mm
+,
+n
+=
+3 in
+males and
+64.6–69.9 mm
+,
+n
+=
+3 in
+females); a greater ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+(1.68,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 1.61,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs 1.11,
+n
+=
+3 in
+males and 1.20,
+n
+=
+3 in
+females); the presence of nuptial spines on chest and belly in males (vs absent); iris dark green (vs dark copper); and tibio-tarsal articulation reaching to nostril (vs tibio-tarsal articulation reaching to tip of snout).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. yei
+
+by its larger size (
+SVL
+86.7–107.8 mm
+,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 92.7–107.0 mm,
+n
+=
+6 in
+females vs 49.7–64.0 mm,
+n
+=
+25 in
+males and 69.0–83.0 mm,
+n
+=
+25 in
+females); males with nuptial spines on lower flanks, ventral surface of forelimbs, lower lip, throat, chest, 2 / 3 anterior part of belly (vs absent); males with nuptial spines on all fingers (vs absent); and the absence of nuptial spines around vent (vs present).
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+The new species is named in honor of our colleague and friend, Prof. Dr. Annemarie Ohler from the Département de Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
+France
+, in recognition of her great contributions towards a better understanding of the amphibian systematics of the Indochinese region. We recommend “ Ohler’s Spiny Frog ” as the common English name of the new species and the common name in Vietnamese as “ Ếch gai s ần ohler ”.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/0C/44/3F/0C443FD8DB6F5ADB8080B11DBD3A9B6C.xml b/data/0C/44/3F/0C443FD8DB6F5ADB8080B11DBD3A9B6C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..063f99b420e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/0C/44/3F/0C443FD8DB6F5ADB8080B11DBD3A9B6C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1794 @@
+
+
+
+Taxonomic revision of the Quasipaa verrucospinosa complex (Amphibia, Dicroglossidae) in Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pham, Cuong The
+0000-0001-5158-4526
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hoang, Chung Van
+0000-0002-0709-974X
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Phan, Tien Quang
+0000-0002-2738-5364
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pham, Anh Van
+0000-0002-6023-3418
+Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ong, An Vinh
+0000-0003-3683-3832
+Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, 11400 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nguyen, Vien Hong Thi
+0000-0002-3744-3054
+Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Department of Zoology, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Road. Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ziegler, Thomas
+0000-0002-4797-609X
+Faculty of Resources and Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam & AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Strasse 173, D- 50735 Cologne, Germany
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nguyen, Truong Quang
+0000-0002-6601-0880
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2025
+
+2025-06-05
+
+
+1240
+
+
+139
+175
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1240.147337
+562CF389-0F40-4FA2-8171-CC51E7AFA2A7
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 16
+,
+17
+,
+18
+,
+19
+,
+Table 7
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa delacouri
+
+
+:
+Yan et al. 2021: 1–7
+.
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa
+cf.
+verrucospinosa
+
+
+2:
+Suwannapoom et al. 2021: 1–12
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+.
+
+•
+
+IEBR
+A.5174
+
+,
+adult male
+, collected by
+T. Q. Nguyen
+and
+C. T. Pham
+, on
+
+11 March 2015
+
+, in
+Dong Chau-Khe Nuoc Trong Nature Reserve
+(
+
+16°56.461'N
+,
+106°38.299'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+447 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Le Thuy District
+,
+Quang Binh Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+.
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+.
+
+(
+n
+= 8) •
+
+IEBR
+A.5181
+
+,
+adult female
+, the same collection data as for holotype
+
+;
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5178
+
+, 5179,
+two adult males
+and
+
+IEBR
+A.5175
+
+, 5180,
+two adult females
+, collected by
+T. Q. Nguyen
+and
+C. T. Pham
+, on
+
+18 March 2015
+
+, in
+Dong Chau - Khe Nuoc Trong Nature Reserve
+(
+
+16°59.273'N
+,
+106°36.568'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+382 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Le Thuy District
+,
+Quang Binh Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+; •
+
+
+IEBR
+A.5182
+
+,
+adult male
+, collected by
+C. T. Pham
+and
+C. V. Hoang
+, on
+
+27 July 2015
+
+, in
+Dong Chau-Khe Nuoc Trong Nature Reserve
+(
+
+16°57.036'N
+,
+106°37.504'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+300 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Le Thuy District
+,
+Quang Binh Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+; •
+
+
+IEBR
+A.5183
+
+,
+adult male
+and
+
+IEBR
+A.5184
+
+,
+adult female
+, collected by
+C. T. Pham
+and
+T. V. Nguyen
+, on
+
+5 June 2017
+
+, in
+Sao La Nature Reserve
+(
+
+16°04.306'N
+,
+107°29.062'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+750 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+A Luoi District
+,
+Thua Thien Hue Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Both morphological characteristics (body very stout, skin rough with dermal ridges and tubercles, forelimbs of males strongly enlarged, with inner side of arms or fingers or chest and belly with black spines) (
+Fei et al. 2009
+) and molecular data revealed the new species to be nested within
+
+Quasipaa
+
+.
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+is distinguishable from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics: (1)
+SVL
+76.9–101.1 mm
+in males and
+88.5–123.4 mm
+in females; (2) head broader than long (
+HL
+/
+HW
+0.96 in
+males,
+0.96 in
+females); (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) external vocal sacs absent; (5) tympanum visible, round; (6) dorsum with thin and elongate ridges intermixed with small round tubercles; (7) flanks covered by oval and round tubercles; (8) supratympanic fold present; (9) dorsolateral fold absent; (10) dorsum and dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs with small black spines, scattered; (11) nuptial pad absent on finger I in males (12) ventral surface of body and all fingers without spines in males; (13) eggs yellowish cream with melanic poles in females; (14) toes fully webbed to distal end of terminal phalanx; and (15) in life, dorsum dark brown and belly immaculate white, and iris dark green.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+, holotype (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5174
+
+, male) in preservative
+A
+dorsolateral view
+B
+ventral view. The red oval indicates testicles of male. Scale bars: 10 mm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Description of
+holotype
+.
+
+
+
+A large frog (
+SVL
+101.1 mm
+); habitus robust with enlarged head (
+HL
+/
+SVL
+0.40,
+HW
+/
+SVL
+0.42); head broader than long (
+HL
+40.6 mm
+,
+HW
+42.0 mm); snout round anteriorly in dorsal view, projecting beyond lower jaw; nostril lateral, closer to eye than to the tip of snout (
+NS
+8.3 mm
+,
+EN
+7.4 mm
+); canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region oblique and slightly concave; rostral length greater than eye diameter (
+RL
+15.8 mm
+,
+ED
+12.2 mm
+); interorbital distance smaller than internarial distance and upper eyelid width (
+IOD
+6.7 mm
+,
+IND
+9.3 mm
+,
+UEW
+9.9 mm
+); tympanum slightly visible (
+TD
+4.4 mm
+) smaller than the distance from tympanum to eye (
+TYE
+6.1 mm
+), ~ 36 % eye diameter; vomerine teeth in two oblique ridges; tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly; external vocal sac absent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+A
+lower left hand of holotype (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5174
+
+, male)
+B
+lower right foot of holotype (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5174
+
+, male)
+C
+iris of holotype (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5174
+
+, male)
+D
+eggs of paratype (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5180
+
+, female). Scale bars: 10 mm
+
+
+
+Forelimbs
+: arms short; upper arm length (
+UAL
+)
+17.2 mm
+, forearm length (
+FAL
+)
+45.1 mm
+; relative finger lengths: II <I <IV <III; fingers free of webbing; narrow dermal ridge on sides of fingers present on fingers II, III; tips of fingers swollen, not expanded; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle oval; outer metatarsal tubercle elongate; nuptial pad absent.
+
+
+
+Hindlimbs
+: tibia length longer than thigh length (
+FeL
+56.0 mm,
+TbL
+61.0 mm), ~ 3.7 × longer than wide (
+TbW
+16.2 mm
+); tips of toes swollen, round; relative length of toes: I <II <V <III <IV; toes fully webbed to distal end of terminal phalanx; dermal ridge present on outer sides of toes I and V; subarticular tubercles prominent, elongate, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching to tip of snout.
+
+
+Skin texture in life
+: dorsal surface of head with oval and round tubercles, dorsum with thin and elongate ridges intermixed with small round tubercles; flanks covered by oval and round tubercles; supratympanic fold distinct, extending from eye to angle of jaw; dorsolateral fold absent; dorsal surface of forelimb and hindlimb with thin and elongate ridges intermixed with small tubercles; belly and ventral surface of thigh smooth.
+
+
+Nuptial spines
+: dorsum, upper flanks, upper lip, and dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs with small spines, scattered; ventral surface of body and fingers without spines.
+
+
+Coloration in life
+: iris dark green; dorsum and upper part of flanks dark brown; lower part of flanks yellow brown with white tubercles and black spines on top; dorsal surface of limbs yellowish brown with dark crossbars; throat and chest white with brown markings; ventral surface of limbs and belly immaculate white; toe webbing dark brown.
+
+
+Coloration in preservative
+: coloration in preservative is the same in life but somewhat faded.
+
+
+
+
+Sexual dimorphism.
+
+
+Measurements and morphological characters of the type series are provided in Table
+7
+. The male specimens have spines on dorsum, upper flanks, upper lip, and dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs small, scattered. The females contained yellowish cream eggs with melanic poles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Measurements (in mm) and proportions of the type series of
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+(H = holotype, P = paratype,
+SD
+= standard deviation, M = male, F = female; for other abbreviations see Materials and methods).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Voucher
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5174
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5179
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5182
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5178
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5183
+
+
+
Min – Max
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5175
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5181
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5180
+
+
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5184
+
+
+
Min – Max
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+
+
+
+
Sex
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
M
+
+(
+n
+= 5)
+
+
+(
+n
+= 5)
+
+
F
+
F
+
F
+
F
+
+(
+n
+= 4)
+
+
+(
+n
+= 4)
+
+
+
+
Type status
+
H
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
-
+
-
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
P
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+SVL
+
+
101.1
+
80.4
+
92.9
+
78.1
+
76.9
+
76.9–101.1
+
85.9 ± 10.6
+
123.4
+
107.4
+
88.5
+
115.1
+
88.5–123.4
+
108.6 ± 14.9
+
+
+
+HL
+
+
40.6
+
31.0
+
35.9
+
32.3
+
30.0
+
30.0–40.6
+
34.0 ± 4.3
+
47.2
+
42.7
+
36.3
+
43.4
+
36.3–47.2
+
42.4 ± 4.5
+
+
+
+HW
+
+
42.0
+
32.9
+
38.2
+
33.5
+
31.1
+
31.1–42
+
35.6 ± 4.5
+
49.1
+
45.0
+
37.0
+
46.3
+
37.0–49.1
+
44.3 ± 5.2
+
+
+
+MN
+
+
33.8
+
28.5
+
29.8
+
27.1
+
26.3
+
26.3–33.8
+
29.1 ± 3.0
+
39.5
+
35.4
+
31.0
+
38.2
+
31.0–39.5
+
36.0 ± 3.8
+
+
+
+MFE
+
+
27.0
+
23.0
+
25.0
+
21.6
+
21.9
+
21.6–27
+
23.7 ± 2.3
+
32.3
+
28.3
+
24.8
+
32.6
+
24.8–32.6
+
29.5 ± 3.7
+
+
+
+MBE
+
+
16.8
+
14.3
+
15.0
+
13.4
+
14.0
+
13.4–16.8
+
14.7 ± 1.3
+
22.1
+
17.4
+
15.6
+
20.1
+
15.6–22.1
+
18.8 ± 2.9
+
+
+
+RL
+
+
15.8
+
13.0
+
14.4
+
12.1
+
13.7
+
12.1–15.8
+
13.8 ± 1.4
+
17.2
+
16.7
+
13.7
+
18.1
+
13.7–18.1
+
16.4 ± 1.9
+
+
+
+ED
+
+
12.2
+
10.6
+
11.6
+
10.4
+
9.8
+
9.8–12.2
+
10.9 ± 1.0
+
12.6
+
13.2
+
10.5
+
13.4
+
10.5–13.4
+
12.4 ± 1.3
+
+
+
+UEW
+
+
9.9
+
8.7
+
9.2
+
8.5
+
7.4
+
7.4–9.9
+
8.7 ± 0.9
+
12.3
+
10.1
+
9.6
+
11.5
+
9.6–12.3
+
10.9 ± 1.2
+
+
+
+IND
+
+
9.3
+
7.6
+
8.6
+
7.6
+
7.5
+
7.5–9.3
+
8.1 ± 0.8
+
10.7
+
9.9
+
8.5
+
11.2
+
8.5–11.2
+
10.1 ± 1.2
+
+
+
+IOD
+
+
6.7
+
6.4
+
6.5
+
5.7
+
6.1
+
5.7–6.7
+
6.3 ± 0.4
+
8.5
+
7.3
+
4.8
+
8.1
+
4.8–8.5
+
7.2 ± 1.7
+
+
+
+DAE
+
+
17.7
+
14.4
+
15.8
+
12.6
+
13.6
+
12.6–17.7
+
14.8 ± 2.0
+
20
+
17.6
+
15.7
+
18.6
+
15.7–20
+
18 ± 1.8
+
+
+
+DPE
+
+
28.0
+
22.2
+
25.6
+
24.4
+
20.9
+
20.9–28
+
24.2 ± 2.8
+
31.6
+
27.6
+
25.4
+
29.5
+
25.4–31.6
+
28.5 ± 2.6
+
+
+
+NS
+
+
8.3
+
6.8
+
7.6
+
6.2
+
7.4
+
6.2–8.3
+
7.3 ± 0.8
+
9.2
+
8.8
+
7.5
+
9.8
+
7.5–9.8
+
8.8 ± 1.0
+
+
+
+EN
+
+
7.4
+
6.2
+
6.8
+
5.9
+
6.3
+
5.9–7.4
+
6.5 ± 0.6
+
8.1
+
7.9
+
6.2
+
8.3
+
6.2–8.3
+
7.6 ± 0.9
+
+
+
+TD
+
+
4.4
+
3.6
+
4.5
+
4.0
+
3.8
+
3.6–4.5
+
4.0 ± 0.4
+
5.0
+
5.3
+
4.3
+
4.4
+
4.3–5.3
+
4.8 ± 0.5
+
+
+
+TYE
+
+
6.1
+
4.5
+
5.5
+
4.2
+
4.4
+
4.2–6.1
+
4.9 ± 0.8
+
8.8
+
7.9
+
6.7
+
7.8
+
6.7–8.8
+
7.8 ± 0.8
+
+
+
+UAL
+
+
17.2
+
14.3
+
16.5
+
13.5
+
13.9
+
13.5–17.2
+
15.1 ± 1.7
+
19.2
+
19.9
+
14.9
+
20.2
+
14.9–20.2
+
18.5 ± 2.5
+
+
+
+FAL
+
+
45.1
+
35.7
+
39.0
+
35.3
+
33.3
+
33.3–45.1
+
37.7 ± 4.6
+
53.5
+
48.9
+
39.3
+
50
+
39.3–53.5
+
47.9 ± 6.1
+
+
+
+FeL
+
+
56.0
+
40.1
+
48.9
+
39.2
+
41.5
+
39.2–56
+
45.1 ± 7.2
+
66.3
+
56
+
49.1
+
61.9
+
49.1–66.3
+
58.3 ± 7.4
+
+
+
+TbL
+
+
61.0
+
43.5
+
51.2
+
43.8
+
42.6
+
42.6–61
+
48.4 ± 7.8
+
67.6
+
60.4
+
50
+
62.4
+
50–67.6
+
60.1 ± 7.4
+
+
+
+TbW
+
+
16.6
+
11.0
+
16.1
+
12.7
+
12.8
+
11–16.6
+
13.8 ± 2.4
+
20
+
16.5
+
14.4
+
19.6
+
14.4–20
+
17.6 ± 2.7
+
+
+
+FoL
+
+
75.2
+
58.9
+
64.4
+
58.8
+
52.4
+
52.4–75.2
+
61.9 ± 8.5
+
90.1
+
80.2
+
67.3
+
86.4
+
67.3–90.1
+
81 ± 10.0
+
+
+
+IMT
+
+
9.8
+
6.8
+
8.0
+
6.8
+
6.6
+
6.6–9.8
+
7.6 ± 1.3
+
10.9
+
9.0
+
6.2
+
10.7
+
6.2–10.9
+
9.2 ± 2.2
+
+
+
+HL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.40
+
0.39
+
0.39
+
0.41
+
0.39
+
0.39–0.4
+
0.40 ± 0.01
+
0.38
+
0.4
+
0.41
+
0.38
+
0.41–0.38
+
0.39 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+HW
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.42
+
0.41
+
0.41
+
0.43
+
0.40
+
0.40–0.42
+
0.41 ± 0.01
+
0.4
+
0.42
+
0.42
+
0.4
+
0.42–0.4
+
0.41 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+RL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.16
+
0.16
+
0.15
+
0.16
+
0.18
+
0.16–0.16
+
0.16 ± 0.01
+
0.14
+
0.16
+
0.15
+
0.16
+
0.15–0.15
+
0.15 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+HL
+/
+HW
+
+
0.97
+
0.94
+
0.94
+
0.96
+
0.96
+
0.96–0.97
+
0.96 ± 0.01
+
0.96
+
0.95
+
0.98
+
0.94
+
0.98–0.96
+
0.96 ± 0.02
+
+
+
+ED
+/
+RL
+
+
0.78
+
0.81
+
0.81
+
0.86
+
0.71
+
0.81–0.78
+
0.79 ± 0.05
+
0.73
+
0.79
+
0.77
+
0.74
+
0.77–0.74
+
0.76 ± 0.03
+
+
+
+TYE
+/
+TD
+
+
1.38
+
1.25
+
1.22
+
1.05
+
1.18
+
1.17–1.36
+
1.22 ± 0.12
+
1.75
+
1.48
+
1.56
+
1.77
+
1.56–1.64
+
1.64 ± 0.14
+
+
+
+TD
+/
+ED
+
+
0.36
+
0.34
+
0.38
+
0.38
+
0.38
+
0.34–0.38
+
0.37 ± 0.02
+
0.4
+
0.4
+
0.41
+
0.33
+
0.33–0.41
+
0.38 ± 0.04
+
+
+
+TbL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.60
+
0.54
+
0.55
+
0.56
+
0.55
+
0.55–0.60
+
0.56 ± 0.02
+
0.55
+
0.56
+
0.56
+
0.54
+
0.56–0.55
+
0.55 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+TbL
+/
+TbW
+
+
3.67
+
3.97
+
3.18
+
3.44
+
3.33
+
3.88–3.67
+
3.52 ± 0.31
+
3.38
+
3.65
+
3.47
+
3.18
+
3.47–3.38
+
3.41 ± 0.2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Ecological notes.
+
+
+Specimens were found between 19: 00 and 23: 00 in the headwaters of rocky streams (Fig.
+20 A
+). They were found in the water or on the ground of stream banks at elevations between 300 and
+750 m
+a. s. l. The surrounding habitat was secondary forest of large, medium-sized, and small hardwoods mixed with shrubs and vines (Fig.
+20 B
+). Air temperatures at the sites ranged from 20.1–25.7 ° C and relative humidity was 83–95 %. Male advertisement calls and tadpoles of the species had not been recorded during our field surveys. Other amphibian species found at the sites included
+
+Leptobrachium chapaense
+(
+Bourret, 1937
+)
+
+,
+
+Xenophrys truongsonensis
+Luong, Hoang, Pham, Nguyen, Orlov, Ziegler & Nguyen, 2022
+
+,
+
+Limnonectes kiziriani
+Pham, Le, Ngo, Ziegler & Nguyen, 2018
+
+,
+
+L. poilani
+(
+Bourret, 1942
+)
+
+,
+
+Amolops compotrix
+(Bain, Stuart & Orlov, 2006)
+
+,
+
+Papurana attigua
+(
+Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999
+)
+
+;
+
+Odorrana gigatympana
+(Orlov, Ananjeva & Ho, 2006)
+
+,
+
+O. khalam
+
+(Stuart, Orlov & Chan-ard, 2005),
+
+Hylarana maosonensis
+Bourret, 1937
+
+, and
+
+Rhacophorus orlovi
+Ziegler & Köhler, 2001
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+is currently known from
+Quang Binh
+(Dong Chau-Khe Nuoc Trong Nature Reserve) and Thua Thien Hue (Sao La Nature Reserve) provinces,
+Vietnam
+. Data obtained from GenBank shows that this species was also recorded from
+Xekong Province
+,
+Laos
+(
+Suwannapoom et al. 2021
+; see Discussion below).
+
+
+
+
+Comparisons.
+
+
+We compared the new species with its congeners.
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. ohlerae
+
+sp. nov.
+by having the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs with thick ridges); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers and ventral surface of forelimbs in males (vs present); the absence spines on lower flanks, ventral surface of forelimbs, lower lip, throat, chest, 2 / 3 anterior part of belly in males (vs present); and females with melanic pole eggs (vs wholly unpigmented); and a smaller ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+in males (1.22,
+n
+= 5 vs 1.68,
+n
+= 7).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. verrucospinosa
+
+by the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present of nuptial spines on fingers I, II, III); dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs dorsum with thick ridges); a smaller ratio of
+TD
+/
+ED
+(0.37,
+n
+=
+5 in
+males and 0.38,
+n
+=
+4 in
+females vs 0.53,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 0.50,
+n
+=
+7 in
+females); a greater ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+(1.22,
+n
+=
+5 in
+males and 1.64,
+n
+=
+64 in
+females vs 1.16,
+n
+=
+7 in
+males and 1.14,
+n
+=
+7 in
+females); inner metatarsal tubercle oval (vs inner metatarsal tubercle round); different dorsal color pattern (dark brown vs yellowish grey); different ventral color pattern (immaculate white vs pale yellow); and iris dark green (vs pale copper).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. acanthophora
+
+by having the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs small tubercles); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present on fingers I, II, III); the absence of spines on throat and chest in males (vs present); and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. boulengeri
+
+by the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present on fingers I, II, III); the absence of spines on chest and belly in males (vs present); different ventral color pattern (immaculate white vs pale yellow); and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa bìnhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. courtoisi
+
+by having a smaller size in males (
+SVL
+76.9–101.1 mm
+,
+n
+= 5
+vs
+126 mm
+,
+n
+= 1); the absence of spines on chest in males (
+vs
+present); and the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present of nuptial spines on fingers I, II, III).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. delacouri
+
+by having the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs smooth); dorsal surface of forelimbs and hindlimbs with thin and elongate ridges intermixed with small tubercles (vs smooth); different dorsal color pattern (dark brown vs brick red with black spots); and dorsum, upper flanks, upper lip, and dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs with small spines, scattered in males (vs absent); a greater ratio of
+TD
+/
+ED
+(0.37,
+n
+=
+4 in
+males and 0.38,
+n
+=
+4 in
+females vs 0.26,
+n
+=
+3 in
+males and 0.24,
+n
+=
+3 in
+females); a smaller ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+(1.22,
+n
+=
+5 in
+males and 1.64,
+n
+=
+4 in
+females vs 2.15,
+n
+=
+3 in
+males and 1.93,
+n
+=
+3 in
+females) (Figs
+13
+–
+15
+, Table
+5
+).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. exilispinosa
+
+by having a larger size in males (
+SVL
+76.9–101.1 mm
+,
+n
+=
+5 in
+males and
+88.5–123.4 mm
+,
+n
+=
+4 in
+females vs
+SVL
+44.2–66.5 mm
+,
+n
+=
+20 in
+males and 40.0–
+63.3 mm
+,
+n
+=
+20 in
+females); the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs small tubercles); the absence of spines on chest of males (vs present); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present on fingers I, II, III); different ventral color pattern (immaculate white vs pale yellow); and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. fasciculispina
+
+by having a smaller ratio of
+TYE
+/
+TD
+in males (1.22,
+n
+= 5 vs 2.0,
+n
+= 1); the absence of spines on chest in males (
+vs
+each chest tubercle with 5–10 black spines); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present of nuptial spines on fingers I, II, III); iris dark green (vs bright copper-colored); and external vocal sac absent (vs vocal sac openings in floor of mouth).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. jiulongensis
+
+by having the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs small tubercles); the absence of spines on chest of males (vs present); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present on fingers I and II); the absence of pale-colored longitudinal stripes on upper jaw edge (vs present); and the absence of 4 or 5 yellow dorsal dots arranged in longitudinal rows (vs present).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. robertingeri
+
+by having different dorsal pattern (dark brown vs pale yellowish grey); the absence of spines on chest of males (vs present); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present of nuptial spines on fingers I, II, III); the absence of spines on chest and belly of males (vs present); and iris dark green (vs copper on upper and greyish on lower).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. shini
+
+by having the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs dorsum with thick ridges); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present on fingers I, II, III); and the absence of spines on chest of males (vs each chest tubercle with 3–8 black spines).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. spinosa
+
+by having the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges and round tubercles (vs small tubercles); the absence of pale-colored longitudinal stripes on upper jaw edge (vs present); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers in males (vs present on fingers I and II); and the absence of spines on chest of males (vs present).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. taoi
+
+by its larger size in females (
+88.5–123.4 mm
+,
+n
+= 4, in females vs
+64.6–69.9 mm
+,
+n
+=
+3 in
+females); the dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs dorsum with thick ridges); the absence nuptial spines on all fingers and ventral surface of forelimbs in males (vs present); and iris dark green (vs dark copper).
+
+
+
+Quasipaa binhi
+
+sp. nov.
+differs from
+
+Q. yei
+
+by its larger size in males (
+SVL
+76.8–101.1 mm
+,
+n
+=
+5 in
+males and
+88.5–123.4 mm
+,
+n
+=
+4 in
+females vs 49.7–64.0 mm,
+n
+=
+25 in
+males and 69.0–83.0 mm,
+n
+=
+25 in
+females); dorsum with thin and elongate ridges (vs small tubercles); different dorsal pattern (dark brown vs pale yellowish brown); and the absence of nuptial spines around and inside vent (vs present).
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+
+The new species is named in honor of our colleague and friend, late Assoc. Prof. Dr. Binh Van Nguyen from the Hue University, Hue City,
+Vietnam
+, in recognition of his contributions on ecological research of amphibians in
+Vietnam
+. We recommend “ Binh’s Spiny Frog ” as the common English name of the new species and the common name in Vietnamese as “ Ếch gai s ần bình ”.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/C9/F1/26/C9F126A2CD8257E388FF4292FE359B20.xml b/data/C9/F1/26/C9F126A2CD8257E388FF4292FE359B20.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb761100341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/C9/F1/26/C9F126A2CD8257E388FF4292FE359B20.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1215 @@
+
+
+
+Taxonomic revision of the Quasipaa verrucospinosa complex (Amphibia, Dicroglossidae) in Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pham, Cuong The
+0000-0001-5158-4526
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hoang, Chung Van
+0000-0002-0709-974X
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Phan, Tien Quang
+0000-0002-2738-5364
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pham, Anh Van
+0000-0002-6023-3418
+Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ong, An Vinh
+0000-0003-3683-3832
+Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, 11400 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nguyen, Vien Hong Thi
+0000-0002-3744-3054
+Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Department of Zoology, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan Road. Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ziegler, Thomas
+0000-0002-4797-609X
+Faculty of Resources and Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam & AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Strasse 173, D- 50735 Cologne, Germany
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nguyen, Truong Quang
+0000-0002-6601-0880
+Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam & Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, 10072 Hanoi, Vietnam
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2025
+
+2025-06-05
+
+
+1240
+
+
+139
+175
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1240.147337
+562CF389-0F40-4FA2-8171-CC51E7AFA2A7
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa verrucospinosa
+(
+Bourret, 1937
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs 4
+,
+5
+,
+6
+,
+Table 5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rana spinosa verrucospinosa
+
+Bourret, 1937: 8
+., fig. 7.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rana verrucospinosa
+
+
+:
+
+Bourret 1942: 295–296
+
+, fig. 83.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Paa verrucospinosa
+
+
+:
+
+Inger et al. 1999: 22–23
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa verrucospinosa
+
+
+:
+
+Ohler and Dubois 2006: 781
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa
+cf.
+verrucospinosa
+
+
+1:
+
+Suwannapoom et al. 2021: 1–12
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+
+(
+n
+= 14) •
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5153
+
+–5155,
+three adult males
+and
+
+IEBR
+A. 5021
+
+, 5156,
+two adult females
+, collected by
+C. T. Pham
+, on
+
+18 July 2022
+
+, in
+Tam Dao National Park
+(
+
+21°27.507'N
+,
+105°38.874'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+985 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Vinh Phuc Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+; •
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5023
+
+, 5024,
+two adult males
+and
+
+IEBR
+A. 5022
+
+,
+adult female
+, collected by
+C. V. Hoang
+, on
+
+23 November 2015
+
+, in
+Bac Me Nature Reserve
+(
+
+22°49.976'N
+,
+105°07.648'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+780 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Ha Giang Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+; •
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5028
+
+,
+adult male
+and
+
+IEBR
+A. 5026
+
+, 5027,
+two adult females
+, collected by
+C. T. Pham
+and
+T. Q. Phan
+, on
+
+25 August 2017
+
+, in
+Sinh Long Commune
+(
+
+22°34.288'N
+,
+105°20.119'E
+
+, at an elevation of
+
+801 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Na Hang District
+,
+Tuyen Quang Province
+
+; •
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5025
+
+,
+adult female
+, collected by
+C. T. Pham
+,
+C. V. Hoang
+, and
+T. Q. Phan
+, on
+
+27 October 2018
+
+, in
+Cham Chu Nature Reserve
+(
+
+22°12.494'N
+,
+105°04.423'E
+
+; at an elevation of
+
+981 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Ham Yen District
+,
+Tuyen Quang Province
+
+; •
+
+
+IEBR
+A. 5157
+
+,
+adult male
+and
+
+IEBR
+A. 5158
+
+,
+adult female
+, collected by
+C. T. Pham
+, on
+
+12 October 2022
+
+, in
+Hoang Lien National Park
+(
+
+22°09.557'N
+,
+104°04.194'E
+
+; at an
+
+elevation
+2,078 m
+a. s. l.
+
+),
+Sa Pa District
+,
+Lao Cai Province
+,
+Vietnam
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Revised diagnosis.
+
+
+(1) A large frog (
+SVL
+up to
+106 mm
+in males and
+95 mm
+in females); (2) head broader than long (
+HL
+/
+HW
+0.88 in
+males,
+0.89 in
+females); (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) external vocal sacs absent; (5) tympanum visible, round; (6) dorsum with thick ridges and small round tubercles; (7) flanks covered by oval and round tubercles; (8) supratympanic fold present; (9) dorsolateral fold absent; (10) males with dense spines on chest, 2 / 3 anterior part of belly and fingers I, II, III (sometimes present on fingers I and II only); (11) male without spines on finger IV and ventral surface of forelimbs; (12) finger I with nuptial pad in males; (13) yellowish cream eggs with melanic poles in females; (14) toes fully webbed to distal end of terminal phalanx; and (15) in life, dorsum yellowish grey or pale brownish grey, chest and belly pale yellowish white, iris pale copper.
+
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+A large frog (
+SVL
+up to
+106 mm
+in males and
+95 mm
+in females); habitus robust with enlarged head (
+HL
+/
+SVL
+0.38 ± 0.01,
+HW
+/
+SVL
+0.43 ± 0.01, in males and
+HL
+/
+SVL
+0.38 ± 0.01,
+HW
+/
+SVL
+0.43 ± 0.01, in females); head broader than long (
+HL
+38.0 ±
+2.8 mm
+,
+HW
+42.9 ± 3.0 mm, in males and
+HL
+32.8 ± 2.0 mm,
+HW
+37.0 ±
+2.2 mm
+, in females); snout round anteriorly in dorsal view, projecting beyond lower jaw; nostril lateral, closer to eye than to the tip of snout; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region oblique and slightly concave; rostral length greater than eye diameter; internarial distance wider than interorbital distance and upper eyelid width; tympanum slightly visible (
+TD
+5.4 ±
+0.5 mm
+, in males and 5.0 ±
+0.5 mm
+, in females) smaller than the distance from tympanum to eye (
+TYE
+6.3 ±
+0.6 mm
+, in males and 5.6 ±
+0.7 mm
+, in females), ~ 50 % eye diameter; vomerine teeth in two oblique ridges; tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly; external vocal sac absent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Quasipaa verrucospinosa
+
+A
+upper left hand of male (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5153
+
+)
+B
+lower right foot of male (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5153
+
+)
+C
+iris of male (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5153
+
+)
+D
+eggs of female (
+
+IEBR
+A. 5156
+
+). Scale bar: 10 mm
+
+
+
+Forelimbs
+: arms short; upper arm length (
+UAL
+20.1 ±
+2.8 mm
+, in males and
+UAL
+15.5 ±
+1.4 mm
+, in females), forearm length (
+FAL
+48.5 ±
+3.5 mm
+, in males and
+FAL
+38.4 ±
+2.6 mm
+, in females); relative finger lengths: II <I <IV <III; fingers free of webbing; sides of fingers I, II, and III with narrow dermal ridge; tips of fingers swollen, not expanded; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle round; outer metatarsal tubercle elongate; finger I with nuptial pad in males.
+
+
+Hindlimbs
+: tibia length longer than thigh length (
+FeL
+52.0 ±
+3.1 mm
+,
+TbL
+53.1 ± 3.0 mm, in males and
+FeL
+44.8 ±
+3.3 mm
+,
+TbL
+45.7 ±
+3.1 mm
+, in females), ~ 3 × longer than wide (
+TbW
+18.9 ±
+1.8 mm
+, in males and
+TbW
+15.0 ±
+1.7 mm
+, in females); tips of toes swollen, round; relative length of toes: I <II <V <III <IV; toes fully webbed to distal end of terminal phalanx; dermal ridge present on outer sides of toes I and V; subarticular tubercles prominent, oval, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching to nostril.
+
+
+Skin texture in life
+: dorsal surface of head with oval and round tubercles, dorsum with thick ridges intermixed with small round tubercles; flanks covered by oval and round tubercles; supratympanic fold distinct, extending from eye to angle of jaw; dorsolateral fold absent; dorsal surface of forelimb and hindlimb with small tubercles; belly and ventral surface of thigh smooth.
+
+
+Nuptial spines
+: body of males with spines; dense spines on lower flanks, chest, 2 / 3 anterior part of belly and fingers I, II, III; spines present on dorsum, upper flanks, upper lip, dorsal surface of fore- and hindlimbs, lower lip, and throat small and scattered; spines absent on finger IV and ventral surface of forelimbs.
+
+
+Coloration in life
+: iris pale copper; dorsum and upper part of flanks yellowish grey or pale brownish grey; lower part of flanks whitish yellow with white tubercles and black spines on top; dorsal surface of limbs yellowish with brown crossbars; ventral surface of limbs yellowish white; throat white with brown markings; chest and belly pale yellowish white; toe webbing pale brown.
+
+
+
+
+Sexual dimorphism.
+
+
+Measurements and morphological characters of the
+
+Quasipaa verrucospinosa
+
+are provided in Table
+5
+. males are slightly larger than females (
+SVL
+100.7 ±
+6.6 mm
+,
+n
+=
+7 males
+vs 86.8 ±
+7.4 mm
+,
+n
+=
+7 females
+). The male specimens have a nuptial pad on finger I and dense spines on lower part of flanks, chest, 2 / 3 anterior part of belly, and fingers I, II, III. The females contained yellowish cream eggs with melanic poles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Measurements (in mm) and proportions of
+
+Quasipaa verrucospinosa
+
+(M = Male, F = Female,
+SD
+= standard deviation; for other abbreviations see Material and methods).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+Quasipaa verrucospinosa
+
+
+
Quasipaa delacouri
+
+
Voucher
+
+Min – Max (
+n
+= 7)
+
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+(
+n
+= 7)
+
+
+Min – Max (
+n
+= 7)
+
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+(
+n
+= 7)
+
+
+Min – Max (
+n
+= 3)
+
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+(
+n
+= 3)
+
+
+Min – Max (
+n
+= 3)
+
+
+Mean ±
+SD
+(
+n
+= 3)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Sex
+
M
+
M
+
F
+
F
+
M
+
M
+
F
+
F
+
+
+
+SVL
+
+
84.5–105.5
+
100.7 ± 6.6
+
75.2–94.7
+
86.8 ± 7.4
+
95.9–104.9
+
99.8 ± 4.6
+
90.5–98.4
+
94.1 ± 4.0
+
+
+
+HL
+
+
31.1–39.9
+
38 ± 2.8
+
29.6–34.9
+
32.8 ± 20
+
33.5–35.6
+
34.3 ± 1.1
+
33.4–36.5
+
35.17 ± 1.6
+
+
+
+HW
+
+
35.7–44.7
+
42.9 ± 3
+
33.3–39.6
+
37 ± 2.2
+
33.5–37.6
+
36.7 ± 1.0
+
34.6–40.0
+
37, 1 ± 2.7
+
+
+
+MN
+
+
21.9–27.3
+
26 ± 2
+
21.6–25.4
+
23.7 ± 1.3
+
27.8–28.9
+
28.4 ± 0.6
+
23.9–29.5
+
27.2 ± 2.9
+
+
+
+MFE
+
+
17.7–21.1
+
20.3 ± 1.1
+
16.6–20.1
+
18.6 ± 1.1
+
22.7–24.7
+
23.6 ± 1.0
+
17.8–25.7
+
22.4 ± 4.1
+
+
+
+MBE
+
+
10.2–13.4
+
11.7 ± 1.1
+
8.6–11.8
+
10.5 ± 1
+
15.6–16.8
+
16.0 ± 0.7
+
14.5–17.4
+
15.7 ± 1.5
+
+
+
+RL
+
+
13.2–15.4
+
15.1 ± 0.7
+
11.9–14.2
+
13.1 ± 1
+
13.2–14.7
+
14.1 ± 0.8
+
11.5–15.2
+
13.7 ± 1.9
+
+
+
+ED
+
+
8.6–10.8
+
10.3 ± 0.7
+
9–11.5
+
10 ± 1
+
11.3–12.9
+
11.9 ± 0.8
+
11.1–12.9
+
12.3 ± 1.0
+
+
+
+UEW
+
+
6.5–8.4
+
7.7 ± 0.6
+
6.0–7.5
+
7.0 ± 0.6
+
7.9–9.6
+
8.8 ± 0.9
+
7.1–8.8
+
7.8 ± 0.9
+
+
+
+IND
+
+
7.3–9.7
+
8.7 ± 0.8
+
6.0–8.4
+
7.4 ± 0.9
+
10.2–11.2
+
10.6 ± 0.5
+
8.9–10.9
+
10.0 ± 1.0
+
+
+
+IOD
+
+
6.9–8.9
+
8.2 ± 0.6
+
6.2–7.9
+
7.3 ± 0.6
+
6.2–7.3
+
6.8 ± 0.6
+
6.3–7.7
+
7.1 ± 0.7
+
+
+
+DAE
+
+
12.1–14.6
+
13.5 ± 1
+
11.3–13.8
+
12.4 ± 0.9
+
15.5–6.3
+
15.9 ± 0.4
+
13.9–16.8
+
15.5 ± 1.5
+
+
+
+DPE
+
+
22.8–28.2
+
26.3 ± 1.6
+
21.3–25.9
+
23.9 ± 1.6
+
24.5–24.9
+
24.7 ± 0.8
+
23.2–25.6
+
24.4 ± 1.2
+
+
+
+NS
+
+
6.0–9.0
+
7.5 ± 0.9
+
6.1–8.1
+
7.0 ± 0.8
+
7.7–8.1
+
7.9 ± 0.2
+
6.5–8.8
+
7.7 ± 1.2
+
+
+
+EN
+
+
5.7–7.4
+
6.8 ± 0.6
+
5.5–6.4
+
6.0 ± 0.3
+
5.8–6.6
+
6.3 ± 0.4
+
5.8–7.2
+
6.4 ± 0.7
+
+
+
+TD
+
+
4.8–6.3
+
5.4 ± 0.5
+
4.6–5.9
+
5.0 ± 0.5
+
3.0–3.2
+
3.1 ± 0.1
+
2.8–3.1
+
2.9 ± 0.2
+
+
+
+TYE
+
+
5.1–6.8
+
6.3 ± 0.6
+
4.6–6.6
+
5.6 ± 0.7
+
6.4–6.9
+
6.7 ± 0.3
+
5.5–5.8
+
5.6 ± 0.2
+
+
+
+UAL
+
+
13.0–21.0
+
20.1 ± 2.8
+
13.4–16.7
+
15.5 ± 1.4
+
14.3–15.4
+
14.8 ± 0.5
+
14.5–16.2
+
15.4 ± 0.8
+
+
+
+FAL
+
+
40.2–50.2
+
48.5 ± 3.5
+
34.2–41.9
+
38.4 ± 2.6
+
41.1–43.3
+
42.4 ± 1.2
+
40.4–44.5
+
41.8 ± 2.3
+
+
+
+FeL
+
+
47.2–55.3
+
52.0 ± 3.1
+
38.4–49.3
+
44.8 ± 3.8
+
46.7–48.9
+
47.7 ± 1.1
+
46.9–49.8
+
49.1 ± 1.5
+
+
+
+TbL
+
+
47.0–55.9
+
53.1 ± 3
+
40.4–48.9
+
45.7 ± 3.1
+
50.2–53.8
+
51.6 ± 1.9
+
50.0–54.7
+
51.5 ± 2.4
+
+
+
+TbW
+
+
16.3–21.9
+
18.9 ± 1.8
+
12.8–17.3
+
15.0 ± 1.7
+
17.3–17.7
+
17.5 ± 0.2
+
14.9–17.2
+
15.8 ± 1.3
+
+
+
+FoL
+
+
62.9–73.6
+
70.7 ± 3.5
+
54.7–65.5
+
60.8 ± 4.2
+
67.5–73.1
+
70.4 ± 2.8
+
68.5–71.3
+
69.7 ± 1.4
+
+
+
+IMT
+
+
7.5–9.5
+
8.9 ± 0.7
+
5.4–8.1
+
6.9 ± 1
+
8.3–8.5
+
8.4 ± 0.1
+
7.8–9.0
+
8.5 ± 0.6
+
+
+
+HL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.37–0.39
+
0.38 ± 0.01
+
0.36–0.39
+
0.38 ± 0.01
+
0.32–0.36
+
0.34 ± 0.02
+
0.37–0.38
+
0.37 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+HW
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.41–0.44
+
0.43 ± 0.01
+
0.41–0.44
+
0.43 ± 0.01
+
0.35–0.38
+
0.37 ± 0.02
+
0.38–0.41
+
0.39 ± 0.02
+
+
+
+RL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.14–0.16
+
0.15 ± 0.01
+
0.14–0.16
+
0.15 ± 0.01
+
0.13–0.15
+
0.14 ± 0.01
+
0.13–0.15
+
0.14 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+HL
+/
+HW
+
+
0.85–0.91
+
0.88 ± 0.02
+
0.86–0.91
+
0.89 ± 0.02
+
0.92–0.95
+
0.94 ± 0, 02
+
0.91–0.97
+
0.95 ± 0.03
+
+
+
+ED
+/
+RL
+
+
0.65–0.72
+
0.69 ± 0.03
+
0.65–0.85
+
0.77 ± 0.08
+
0.80–0.89
+
0.85 ± 0.05
+
0.85–0.97
+
0.90 ± 0.06
+
+
+
+TYE
+/
+TD
+
+
0.94–1.34
+
1.16 ± 0.14
+
0.95–1.37
+
1.14 ± 0.16
+
2.00–2.16
+
2.15 ± 0.15
+
1.84–2.00
+
1.93 ± 0.08
+
+
+
+TD
+/
+ED
+
+
0.46–0.60
+
0.53 ± 0.05
+
0.41–0.60
+
0.50 ± 0.06
+
0.23–0.27
+
0.26 ± 0.02
+
0.22–0.25
+
0.24 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+TbL
+/
+SVL
+
+
0.51–0.56
+
0.53 ± 0.01
+
0.51–0.56
+
0.53 ± 0.02
+
0.48–0.55
+
0.55 ± 0, 04
+
0.55–0.57
+
0.56 ± 0.01
+
+
+
+TbL
+/
+TbW
+
+
2.56–3.00
+
2.81 ± 0.15
+
2.78–3.34
+
3.06 ± 0.18
+
2.85–3.04
+
2.94 ± 0.09
+
3.18–3.48
+
3.34 ± 0.15
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+
+The species was recorded in
+Lao Cai
+(Hoang Lien National Park),
+Vinh Phuc
+(Tam Dao National Park),
+Ha Giang
+(Bac Me Nature Reserve), and
+Tuyen Quang
+(Na Hang Nature Reserve and Cham Chu Nature Reserve) provinces, northern
+Vietnam
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+
+
+The specimens agreed well with the descriptions of
+Bourret (1942)
+and
+Inger et al. (1999)
+in size, skin texture, and coloration; males with dense spines on 2 / 3 anterior part of belly. In addition, dorsum yellowish grey and belly pale yellowish white (more yellow in females); males with spines on fingers I, II, and III (some times present on fingers I and II only); yellowish cream eggs with melanic poles in females; iris pale copper.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file