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<document id="7BA13F800193BD937E02E1BE23F02A7E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209847" ID-ZooBank="23634F4F-0A06-4940-B4CC-6BAC1CB85742" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1722787888374" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bezio, Nicholas &amp; Collins, Allen G." docDate="2024" docId="A07087A6FFC7DC47FF40FF03AB4A9ACA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5486.2.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5486 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tjalfiella tristoma Bezio &amp; Collins 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="261" masterDocId="5C49FFDEFFD3DC53FFD7FF94AF209D14" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the deep-sea benthic ctenophore genus Tjalfiella from the North Atlantic (Class Tentaculata, Order Platyctenida, Family Tjalfiellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="261" updateTime="1722954818079" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="23B4B22DC406D3A589925B2B157FEAA4">Redescription of the deep-sea benthic ctenophore genus Tjalfiella from the North Atlantic (Class Tentaculata, Order Platyctenida, Family Tjalfiellidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A554A061566D019504E4DB6842B066E1">Bezio, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B149898B1AFE76A83EE7AD7A8DAC7B8D" type="ORCID">0009-0009-5695-5619</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3637CE19EEE2993D3E090E0048356734">The University of Maryland, Department of Biological Science, College Park, MD, 20742 USA &amp; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, DC, 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C8E7AA35532D85CEF86383E8229FB27">Collins, Allen G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D49D0B93AF243E4C4D9C10D42AED7BC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3664-9691</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E4A7A112A443D239ED6997F522A34800">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, DC, 20560 USA &amp; NOAA Fisheries, Office of Science &amp; Technology, National Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB753C6CD07410EEF64131FF336B52E9" type="email">Allen.Collins@NOAA.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="326585319E4DA05F21E62E6A2DE94B94">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3912A236D30787DAFFE6440BB4215CFD" type="host">
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<mods:title id="F555E30CD931088843A596439C097B6E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="67A57FC1F85DEBD460B2947415F72BCD">
<mods:date id="DBA6A1F50B91A830FCB17DD3F771C035">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8EDF4FF1C7FEB4463451B06AA7748340">2024-07-25</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C8C86459E08BB1C33C6F3562F61DE711">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EF24384E91C5A8CEC016B2E47DA1F319" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A07087A6FFC7DC47FF40FF03AB4A9ACA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A07087A6FFC7DC47FF40FF03AB4A9ACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A07087A6FFC7DC47FF40FF03AB4A9ACA" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC7DC47FF40FF03AD789DA5" box="[151,600,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF40FF03AD789DA5" blockId="20.[151,600,151,213]" box="[151,600,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40FF03AD789DA5" bold="true" box="[151,600,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40FF03AFD19DA5" bold="true" box="[151,241,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Species</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FF2FFF03AD789DA5" ID-CoL="579KR" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[248,600,151,178]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF2FFF03AE479DA6" bold="true" box="[248,359,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Tjalfiella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FE48FF03AD229DA5" bold="true" box="[415,514,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">tristoma</emphasis>
(2022)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC7DC47FF40FF2FAE029DC1" box="[151,290,187,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" type="description">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF40FF2FAE029DC1" blockId="20.[151,600,151,213]" box="[151,290,187,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40FF2FAE029DC1" bold="true" box="[151,290,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFC7DC47FF40FF2FAFFD9DC1" box="[151,221,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,932,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-79@4.[378,1209,932,1709]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Still images of living specimens of TJalfiella aff. tristroma (2022) with respect to host coral; A. In situ observation of the host coral Adinisis sp. Scale bar—2cm, B. Close-up still image of the collected host with several platyctenes in a retracted state. Scale bar—0.75cm, C. Tentacular view of two individual platyctenes separated from host coral.Arrows point to individual platyctenes on the collected Adinisis sp. Scale bar—0.5cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209857/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFC7DC47FF3DFF2FAFD99DC1" box="[234,249,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[222,1365,181,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[222,1365,181,1706]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. MicroCT 3D reconstruction of three TJalfiella samples:A. Tentacular view of T. tristoma, B. Tentacular view of T. aff. tristoma (2018), C. Tentacular view of T. aff. tristoma (2022), D. Stomodeal view of T. tristoma, E. Stomodeal view of T. aff. tristoma (2018), F. Stomodeal view of T. aff. tristoma (2022), G. Colorized internal anatomy of T. tristoma with low opacity body overlay, H. Colorized internal anatomy of T. aff. tristoma (2018) with low opacity body overlay, I. Colorized internal anatomy of T. aff. tristoma (2022) with low opacity body overlay, J. Closeup of aboral arms face with centralized opening and tentacle, K. Isolated view of intact larval T. aff. tristoma (2018) within the brood chamber, tentacular view, I. Closeup of developing brood chambers along diverticula protrusions. Blue—gastrovascular cavity (e.g., suboral cavity), Purple—Gonads, Magenta—brood pouches, Pink—tentacular apparatus, Green—canals, Teal—generalized larval anatomy. Scale bar: A–F— 3mm, G–I—1.6mm, J–L—0.3mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209859/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFC7DC47FED1FF2FAE029DC1" box="[262,290,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[196,1385,181,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-20@21.[196,1391,181,1740]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Illustrated Plate of TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2022) collected by NOAA: A. representation of specimens in their natural position on the stalk of Adinisis sp., B. mature T. aff. tristoma (2022), tentacular view, C. Stomodeal view of mature T. aff. tristoma (2022), D. cutaway illustration featuring internalized anatomy, tentacular view. E. view of the flattened face of the aboral arm, F. aboral schematic of the arrangement of diverticula and associating canals, Tj—TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2022), H—Host coral (Adinisis sp.), a.a.—aboral arm, a.f.—aboral face, d.b.—diverticula that transverse along the body, d.g.—gonadal diverticula, d.p.—diverticula protrusions, d.t.—tentacular diverticula, g.—gonads, m.—mouth, o.s.—oral skirt, s.c.—suboral cavity, s.—statocyst, s.f.—stomodeal folds, s.o.—secondary opening (mouth), t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb, t.s.—tentacle sheath, t.o.—tentacle opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209871/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">12</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC7DC47FF40FE97AE719C9D" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF40FE97AE719C9D" blockId="20.[151,1437,259,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40FE97AE379C0A" bold="true" box="[151,279,259,286]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Material—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="98B13CEDFFC7DC47FEC0FE97AE719C9D" collectorName="ROV Deep Discoverer" location="NOAA Okeanos Explorer" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" specimenCode="(EX2205_D05_04B_A03, USNM-IZ-1674065" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="3EDFFD39FFC7DC47FEC0FE97AE6D9C09" box="[279,333,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Nine</specimenCount>
samples of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FE06FE90AD549C09" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[465,628,259,285]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FE06FE90AEC69C09" box="[465,486,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FDC0FE90AD549C09" box="[535,628,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by the
<collectorName id="852C5366FFC7DC47FCF8FE97AB0C9C09" box="[815,1068,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
ROV
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FCA7FE90AB0C9C09" box="[880,1068,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Deep Discoverer</emphasis>
</collectorName>
on the
<location id="2D06606BFFC7DC47FBABFE97AABD9C09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A07087A6FFC7DC47FF40FF03AB4A9ACA:2D06606BFFC7DC47FBABFE97AABD9C09" box="[1148,1437,259,285]" name="NOAA Okeanos Explorer" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
NOAA
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FB05FE97AABD9C09" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[1234,1437,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FB05FE97AABD9C09" box="[1234,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</location>
and stored in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
<specimenCode id="787F9ECBFFC7DC47FCA8FEB3AB829C56" box="[895,1186,295,322]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">(EX2205_D05_04B_A03</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCode id="787F9ECBFFC7DC47FB7BFEB3AAB29C56" box="[1196,1426,295,322]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">USNM-IZ-1674065</specimenCode>
). Additional pictures of living specimens observed during the same dive were used for morphological analyses and host availability.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC7DC47FF40FE23AD9F98F1" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" type="description">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF40FE23AE019CC5" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" box="[151,289,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40FE23AE019CC5" bold="true" box="[151,289,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF40FE4FAB979F91" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40FE4FAFCE9CE2" bold="true" box="[151,238,475,502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Body—</emphasis>
Benthic ctenophore, compressed in the stomodeal plane, “U” shaped in the tentacular plane; two extendable aboral arms that lack oral grooves on opposing sides of body; distal ends of arms are flattened with a malleable outer margin that is capable of folding inwards, contains two openings, a singular gastric accessory opening, and a single smaller tentacular opening; overall body surface is smooth with no warts or visible papillae, exceptions are two to four pairs of globular gonads on the aboral face (number of gonads vary between individuals).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FD1BAB049FBD" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" box="[199,1060,655,682]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FD1BAE329FBD" bold="true" box="[199,274,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Size—</emphasis>
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC7DC47FEC5FD1BAE6C9FBE" box="[274,332,655,682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
in height,
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC7DC47FE14FD1BAD329FBD" box="[451,530,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6mm</quantity>
in tentacular length,
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC7DC47FD28FD1BAC199FBD" box="[767,825,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="3.0">3mm</quantity>
in stomodeal length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FD27AFFD9FE5" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FD27AE7F9FDA" bold="true" box="[199,351,691,718]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Coloration—</emphasis>
Body yellow to goldenrod and translucent, intensity varying between individuals; tentacles white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FD6FAB029E02" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" box="[199,1058,763,790]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FD6FAE6A9E01" bold="true" box="[199,330,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Statocyst—</emphasis>
Sunken into a small pocket in body, not visible in a relaxed state.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FC8BAC189E2D" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" box="[199,824,799,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FC8BAE4B9E2D" bold="true" box="[199,363,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Ctene Rows—</emphasis>
Absent in specimens (mature and larval).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FCD7AE6B9EF9" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FCD7AEC09E49" bold="true" box="[199,480,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Tentacular Apparatus—</emphasis>
Two tentacular apparatuses (one per aboral arm) within the innermost facing half of the arm; tentacle bulb spherical (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC7DC47FD94FCF3ADB49E95" box="[579,660,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6mm</quantity>
), near the base of each arm; tentacle is simple, lacks tentilla, even thickness (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC7DC47FEECFC1FAEF89EB1" box="[315,472,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="0.315" valueMax="0.41" valueMin="0.22">0.22–0.41mm</quantity>
) that gradually narrows to the distal end, ends in proximally crescentic tentacle root within tentacle bulb; coil counterclockwise when retracted into sheath; the shape and abundance of colloblasts were not documented
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FC63AE349819" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FC63AED19905" bold="true" box="[199,497,1015,1042]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Gastrovascular System—</emphasis>
Suboral cavity “U” shaped with three openings, a single downward-facing slit mouth, two accessory openings in each of the arm’s distal ends; suboral cavity houses numerous hanging stomodeal folds that thin out towards the accessory openings; a single protrusion extends upward from the suboral cavity towards the centralized statocyst, two canals extend horizontally from protrusion into the tentacles, each horizontal canal contains four diverticula that imbed into four hermaphroditic gonads; additionally two diverticula extend between each pair of gonadal diverticula along the outer body wall, each diverticulum has numerous dichotomously branching protrusions, all protrusions lack anastomoses, protrusions in distal end of arm become swollen in larger specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FA83AB6F98D5" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FA83AEF69825" bold="true" box="[199,470,1303,1330]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Reproductive System—</emphasis>
Six spherical gonads (d—
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) protruding from subepidermal pockets, four on one hemisphere, two on the adjacent hemisphere, encircle centralized statocyst on aboral face, do not extend beyond or into the aboral arms, t; male and female gonad tissue on adjacent sides of penetrating diverticula (see gastrovascular section for details); brooding pouches developing on one hemisphere of body (d—
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) as swollen extensions on the distal ends of the dichotomously branching subdiverticula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FA5FAD9F98F1" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" box="[199,703,1483,1510]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FA5FAE1F98F2" bold="true" box="[199,319,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Embryo—</emphasis>
Not observed in collected samples
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC7DC47FF10FA7BABB69B8D" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10FA7BAC299B45" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10FA7BAE609B1E" bold="true" box="[199,320,1519,1546]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Ecology—</emphasis>
Known only residing on the surface of deep-sea octocoral of the genus
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FB45FA7BABCC9B1D" authorityName="Lapointe &amp; Watling" authorityYear="2022" box="[1170,1260,1519,1545]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Adinisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FB45FA7BABCC9B1D" box="[1170,1260,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Adinisis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, perhaps in an obligatory symbiotic relationship (it was not seen on nearby corals in the genera). The ecology of this platyctene species is otherwise unknown and requires future study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10F9CFACDE9B61" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" box="[199,1022,1627,1654]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10F9CFAE1A9B62" bold="true" box="[199,314,1627,1654]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Habitat—</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="EA1DF852FFC7DC47FEEDF9CFAEA99B61" box="[314,393,1627,1653]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Azores</collectingRegion>
at
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<geoCoordinate id="4DED5077FFC7DC47FD86F9CFADD59B62" box="[593,757,1627,1654]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" precision="1" seconds="59.3" value="-29.149805">29°08’59.3”W</geoCoordinate>
at a depth of
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<elevation id="A3F4D183FFC7DC47FC59F9CFACDE9B61" box="[910,1022,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06143" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="1061.43">1061.43m</elevation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10F9EBABB69B8D" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" box="[199,1174,1663,1690]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10F9EBAE3A9B8D" bold="true" box="[199,282,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Host—</emphasis>
Undescribed
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FE79F9EBAD0F9B8E" box="[430,559,1663,1690]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Adinisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FE79F9EBAD289B8D" box="[430,520,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Adinisis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Usually occupies the upper third of the host organism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC7DC47FF10F937AB4A9ACA" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC7DC47FF10F937AB4A9ACA" blockId="20.[151,1437,439,2014]" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF10F937AE6A9BAA" bold="true" box="[199,330,1699,1726]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Remarks—</emphasis>
Similarly to
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FE0AF930AD7A9BA9" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[477,602,1700,1725]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FE0AF930AD7A9BA9" box="[477,602,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FD4FF930AC649BA9" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[664,836,1699,1725]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FD4FF930AD8D9BA9" box="[664,685,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff. tristoma
</taxonomicName>
(2018),
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FC7CF930AB769BA9" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[939,1110,1699,1725]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FC7CF930ACE09BA9" box="[939,960,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff. tristoma
</taxonomicName>
(2022) has almost identical internal and external morphological features with only slight variations in the size of both the brood pouches and gonads. However, these variations can be explained by the small size of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FC19F978AB549A11" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[974,1140,1771,1797]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FC19F978ACC39A11" box="[974,995,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff. tristoma
</taxonomicName>
(2022) compared to other
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FF40F89BAFDE9A3D" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,254,1807,1833]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40F89BAFDE9A3D" box="[151,254,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">TJalfiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens, likely inferring an earlier developmental stage. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FB9CF884ABD59A3D" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1099,1269,1807,1833]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FB9CF884AB409A3D" box="[1099,1120,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FB4FF884ABD59A3D" box="[1176,1269,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2022) differs from the aformentioned
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FE70F8A7AD2E9A59" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[423,526,1843,1869]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FE70F8A7AD2E9A59" box="[423,526,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">TJalfiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens by remaining yellow in color with a preference for
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FB1FF8A7AA029A59" authorityName="Lapointe &amp; Watling" authorityYear="2022" box="[1224,1314,1843,1869]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Adinisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FB1FF8A7AA029A59" box="[1224,1314,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Adinisis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
octocorals compared to
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FEF9F8C3AD249A65" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1875" box="[302,516,1879,1905]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lindahli">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FEF9F8C3AD249A65" box="[302,516,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Umbellula lindahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FDF9F8CCAD899A65" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[558,681,1880,1905]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FDF9F8CCAD899A65" box="[558,681,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FD34F8C3AC509A66" box="[739,880,1879,1906]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FD34F8C3AC679A65" box="[739,839,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">Acanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FC4DF8CCAB639A65" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[922,1091,1879,1905]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FC4DF8CCAC8F9A65" box="[922,943,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FC31F8CCAB639A65" box="[998,1091,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018). As in remarks above,
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FF40F8E8AE679A81" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,327,1915,1941]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ttristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF40F8E8AF8C9A81" box="[151,172,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FF35F8E8AE679A81" box="[226,327,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">ttristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2022) differs genetically from
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FD62F8E8AC449A81" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[693,868,1915,1941]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="ttristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FD62F8E8ADEA9A81" box="[693,714,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FD28F8E8AC449A81" box="[767,868,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">ttristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) by an amount that is more consistent with the samples representing distinct but closely related species. Either of these putative species could be the true
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FA5FF834AFD49AC9" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FA5FF834AFD49AC9" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is also possible that they represent two species distinct from
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC7DC47FC3DF850AB429AC9" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1002,1122,1988,2013]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="20" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC7DC47FC3DF850AB429AC9" box="[1002,1122,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="261">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="A01DBA925719C141628152AA73FBBAB6">Redescription of the deep-sea benthic ctenophore genus Tjalfiella from the North Atlantic (Class Tentaculata, Order Platyctenida, Family Tjalfiellidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FF39FF03AD159DA5" ID-CoL="7Q4KR" authority="Mortensen, 1910" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[238,565,151,178]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF39FF03AE7D9DA6" bold="true" box="[238,349,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Tjalfiella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFD8DC58FEB2FF03AD159DA5" author="Mortensen, T." box="[357,565,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="249 - 253" refId="ref13482" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Tjalfiella tristoma n. g., n. sp. A sessile ctenophore from Greenland. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i KJObenhavn, 17, 249 - 253." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF40FF74AD269DEF" box="[151,518,224,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF40FF74AD269DEF" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,840]" box="[151,518,224,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF40FF74AE829DEF" bold="true" box="[151,418,224,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Grammatical gender—</emphasis>
feminine
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF10FE92AB719C34" box="[199,1105,261,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FE92AB719C34" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,840]" box="[199,1105,261,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FE92AD1D9C0B" box="[199,573,261,288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FE92AE529C0B" bold="true" box="[199,370,261,288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<typeStatus id="F7628812FFD8DC58FF10FE92AFDE9C34" box="[199,254,262,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Type</typeStatus>
species—
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FEA5FE91AD1D9C0B" ID-CoL="579KR" box="[370,573,261,287]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">TJalfiella tristoma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
from
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFD8DC58FD56FE92AC6E9C34" author="Mortensen, T." box="[641,846,262,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="249 - 253" refId="ref13482" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Tjalfiella tristoma n. g., n. sp. A sessile ctenophore from Greenland. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i KJObenhavn, 17, 249 - 253." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
: 249–253, plates. 1–10
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF10FEBEACDA9C9A" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FEBEACDA9C9A" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FEBEAE7E9C51" bold="true" box="[199,350,298,325]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Etymology—</emphasis>
From the Danish Tjalfe, on which Mortensen based the name. This originated from the earlier Tjalfe expedition to
<collectingCountry id="50CE7620FFD8DC58FE5FFEDBAEDD9C7D" box="[392,509,335,361]" name="Greenland" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Greenland</collectingCountry>
on the vessel Tjalfe. “Tjalfe is a renowned figure in Northern Mythology (the companion of the good Thor on his journey to Utgård)” (
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFD8DC58FCC3FEE0ACCC9C9A" author="Mortensen, T." box="[788,1004,372,398]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" refId="ref13521" refString="Mortensen, T. (1912) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition - The Danish Ingolf-Expedition: Ctenophora. Vol. 5. Part 2. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, 59 pp., 15 text figs., 10 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23582" type="book" year="1912">Mortensen 1912: 2</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF10FE0CAC799CA7" box="[199,857,408,435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FE0CAC799CA7" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,840]" box="[199,857,408,435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
Included species (1)—
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FE1EFE0DAC799CA7" authority="Mortensen, 1910" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[457,857,409,435]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FE1EFE0DADB49CA6" box="[457,660,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">TJalfiella tristoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFD8DC58FD4CFE0DAC799CA7" author="Mortensen, T." box="[667,857,409,435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="249 - 253" refId="ref13482" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Tjalfiella tristoma n. g., n. sp. A sessile ctenophore from Greenland. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i KJObenhavn, 17, 249 - 253." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF10FE29AB469FA0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FE29AB469FA0" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FE29AE499CC3" bold="true" box="[199,361,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Description—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FEBEFE29AED29CC3" authorityName="Komai" authorityYear="1922" box="[361,498,445,471]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Tjalfiellidae</taxonomicName>
compressed in the stomodeal axis and “U” shaped; with two large aboral arms that lack oral grooves, chimney-like with flat tops, and extend perpendicularly from the main axis of the body; two tentacles (one sheathed in each respective aboral arm) that lack tentilla; statocyst sunken into a deep cavity in the center of the aboral face of the animal; hermaphroditic gonads developing into four pairs of external globular pockets centered around the statocyst on the aboral face; genital brood cavities may appear as rows of externalized pockets lining the edge of the oral skirt; meridional canals reduced to short diverticula from perradial canals; branching canals present, but rather sparse, showing no anastomoses; lack ctene rows in maturity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF10FD2BAA2F9E53" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FD2BAA2F9E53" blockId="11.[151,1437,224,840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FD2BAE6A9FCE" bold="true" box="[199,330,703,730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Remarks—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFD8DC58FE9DFD54AD339FCD" author="Mortensen, T." box="[330,531,703,730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" refId="ref13521" refString="Mortensen, T. (1912) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition - The Danish Ingolf-Expedition: Ctenophora. Vol. 5. Part 2. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, 59 pp., 15 text figs., 10 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23582" type="book" year="1912">Mortensen (1912)</bibRefCitation>
following a relatively short original (1910) description, provides highly detailed and extensive morphological/developmental description based on microscopy and histology of many specimens and his drawings are sufficient to recognize and describe the genus when observed from a deep-sea submersible platform with high-definition imagery. No other genera have been assigned to the family
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FBA9FCB9AA2B9E53" authorityName="Komai" authorityYear="1922" box="[1150,1291,813,839]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Tjalfiellidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF40FC08AD8C9EA2" box="[151,684,923,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF40FC08AD8C9EA2" blockId="11.[151,684,923,986]" box="[151,684,923,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF40FC08AD8C9EA2" bold="true" box="[151,684,923,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
Species
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FF2DFC0FAD8C9EA2" ID-CoL="579KR" authority="Mortensen, 1910" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[250,684,923,950]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF2DFC0FAEF39EA2" bold="true" box="[250,467,923,950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Tjalfiella tristoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFD8DC58FE0CFC08AD8C9EA2" author="Mortensen, T." box="[475,684,924,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" pagination="249 - 253" refId="ref13482" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Tjalfiella tristoma n. g., n. sp. A sessile ctenophore from Greenland. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i KJObenhavn, 17, 249 - 253." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF40FC54AD269930" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF40FC54AFD69ECE" blockId="11.[151,684,923,986]" box="[151,246,960,986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF40FC54AFD69ECE" bold="true" box="[151,246,960,986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFD8DC58FF40FC54AFFB9ECE" box="[151,219,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[222,1365,181,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[222,1365,181,1706]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. MicroCT 3D reconstruction of three TJalfiella samples:A. Tentacular view of T. tristoma, B. Tentacular view of T. aff. tristoma (2018), C. Tentacular view of T. aff. tristoma (2022), D. Stomodeal view of T. tristoma, E. Stomodeal view of T. aff. tristoma (2018), F. Stomodeal view of T. aff. tristoma (2022), G. Colorized internal anatomy of T. tristoma with low opacity body overlay, H. Colorized internal anatomy of T. aff. tristoma (2018) with low opacity body overlay, I. Colorized internal anatomy of T. aff. tristoma (2022) with low opacity body overlay, J. Closeup of aboral arms face with centralized opening and tentacle, K. Isolated view of intact larval T. aff. tristoma (2018) within the brood chamber, tentacular view, I. Closeup of developing brood chambers along diverticula protrusions. Blue—gastrovascular cavity (e.g., suboral cavity), Purple—Gonads, Magenta—brood pouches, Pink—tentacular apparatus, Green—canals, Teal—generalized larval anatomy. Scale bar: A–F— 3mm, G–I—1.6mm, J–L—0.3mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209859/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFD8DC58FF3FFC54AFD69ECE" box="[232,246,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,181,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[183,1403,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Illustrated Plate of TJalfiella tristoma collected by Kramp: A. representation of specimens in their natural position on the stalk of Umbellula lindahli, B. view of flattened face of aboral arm, C. young specimen of T. tristoma with asymmetrical gonads and no brood pouches, tentacular view, D. mature T. tristoma, tentacular view, E. aboral schematic of arrangement of diverticula and associating canals, F. stomodeal view of mature T. tristoma, G. cutaway illustration featuring internalized anatomy. Tj—TJalfiella tristoma, H—Host coral (Umbellula lindahli), a.a.—aboral arm, a.f.—aboral face, b.—brooding pouch, d.b.—diverticula that transverse along the body, d.g.—gonadal diverticula, d.p.—diverticula protrusions, d.t.—tentacular diverticula, g.—gonads, m.—mouth, o.s.—oral skirt, s.c.—suboral cavity, s.—statocyst, s.f.—stomodeal folds, s.o.—secondary opening (mouth), t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb, t.s.—tentacle sheath, t.o.—tentacle opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209863/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">8</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF40FB9EAD269930" blockId="11.[151,1437,1034,1282]" box="[151,518,1034,1061]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF40FB9EAE829931" bold="true" box="[151,418,1034,1061]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Grammatical gender—</emphasis>
feminine
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF10FBBBABE99987" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FBBBABCE997A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1034,1282]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FBBBAE7E995E" bold="true" box="[199,350,1071,1098]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Etymology—</emphasis>
From the feminine noun in apposition formed from Latin
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FC0BFBA4ACD6995D" box="[988,1014,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">tri</emphasis>
, “three,” and
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FB47FBA4ABF3995D" box="[1168,1235,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">stoma</emphasis>
, “openings.” This name refers to the specimen’s three-body orifices, the mouth, and one opening for each aboral arm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FBEDABE99987" blockId="11.[151,1437,1034,1282]" box="[199,1225,1144,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FBEDAED89987" box="[199,504,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FBEDAEAB9987" bold="true" box="[199,395,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Pronunciation—</emphasis>
Phonetic;
</emphasis>
“Chae-l-fe-el-ah” “try-stoh-ma”
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FCBBFBEDACBE9987" box="[876,926,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FCBBFBEDACB79987" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="2007" box="[876,919,1145,1171]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Ipa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">IPA</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
/tˈiːd͡Ʒˌaelfɪˈɛlə tɹɪstˈo͡ʊmə/
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC58FF10FB09AA0C9815" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10FB09AA0C9815" blockId="11.[151,1437,1034,1282]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10FB09AE6799AC" bold="true" box="[199,327,1181,1208]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Material—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="98B13CEDFFD8DC58FE90FB0AAA0C9815" collectionCode="NHMD" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" specimenCode="NHMD88841" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="3EDFFD39FFD8DC58FE90FB0AAEAB99AC" box="[327,395,1182,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Seven</specimenCount>
samples of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FDF3FB0AAD8399A3" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[548,675,1182,1207]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FDF3FB0AAD8399A3" box="[548,675,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Natural History Museum in Denmark (
<specimenCode id="787F9ECBFFD8DC58FB21FB0AAAB599AC" box="[1270,1429,1182,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">NHMD88841</specimenCode>
) and references to Mortensen’s original description and illustrations in his 1912 manuscript “The Danish Ingolf Expedition:
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFD8DC58FEF6FB73AECC9815" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,492,1255,1281]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma" status="n. g., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FEF6FB73AECC9815" box="[289,492,1255,1281]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">TJalfiella tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="019E57D9FFD8DC58FE24FB7CAD4E9816" box="[499,622,1256,1282]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" rank="species">n. g., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A sessile ctenophore from Greenland”: 249–253, plates. 1–10.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFD8DC5FFF40FAA5AC839901" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF40FAA5AE3D985F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1329,2018]" box="[151,285,1329,1355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF40FAA5AE3D985F" bold="true" box="[151,285,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF40FAC1AA4A9B17" blockId="11.[151,1437,1329,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF40FAC1AFCE9864" bold="true" box="[151,238,1365,1392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Body—</emphasis>
Benthic ctenophore, compressed in the stomodeal axis; and “U” shaped in the tentacular axis; two large highly extendable aboral arms that lack oral grooves on opposing sides of body; distal ends of arms flattened into a disk, contains two openings, a singular gastric accessory opening with serrated edges, and a single smaller tentacular opening; overall body is smooth with no warts or visible papillae, exceptions are four pairs of globular gonads on the aboral face (number of gonads vary between individuals) and two rows of brooding pouches around oral skirt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10F999ADEB9B58" blockId="11.[151,1437,1329,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10F999AE329B33" bold="true" box="[199,274,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Size—</emphasis>
Roughly
<quantity id="EF219B55FFD8DC58FEADF99AAEE19B3C" box="[378,449,1550,1576]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="20.0">20mm</quantity>
in length from the tentacular axis,
<quantity id="EF219B55FFD8DC58FC9BF999ACA69B3C" box="[844,902,1549,1576]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
in length from the stomodeal plane, and
<quantity id="EF219B55FFD8DC58FA82F99AAABC9B3C" box="[1365,1436,1550,1576]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
in height; height can be highly variable (
<quantity id="EF219B55FFD8DC58FD8AF9A6ADE39B58" box="[605,707,1586,1612]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="6.0">6–13mm</quantity>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10F9C3AD0D9BAF" blockId="11.[151,1437,1329,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10F9C3AE7F9B66" bold="true" box="[199,351,1623,1650]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Coloration—</emphasis>
Transparent; body is opaque milky white, while tentacles are yellow due to the presence of colloblasts. (These colors are reported from formalin-preserved individuals, which may have lost some color—this cannot be determined after the fact.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10F951ADCF9A3D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1329,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10F951AE5C9BF4" bold="true" box="[199,380,1733,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Apical organ—</emphasis>
A single sunken statocyst in the center of the aboral face, does not extend beyond the outer epidermal layer; lacks cilia used for balance and positioning; lacks a polar field and no visible anal openings; a large, thickened epithelial floor extends down to the mouth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10F8A0AC469A67" blockId="11.[151,1437,1329,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10F8A0AE439A5A" bold="true" box="[199,355,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Ctene rows—</emphasis>
Completely absent in the mature benthic form, while embryos possess eight equally spaced ctene rows of uniform length. See Embryo section (below) for details.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFD8DC58FF10F8E9AB4F9AF5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1329,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFD8DC58FF10F8E9AEFD9A8C" bold="true" box="[199,477,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="252">Tentacular apparatus—</emphasis>
Two tentacular apparatus (one per aboral arm) located on the innermost facing half; contains a large spherical tentacle bulb (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFD8DC58FD57F836ADCC9AA8" box="[640,748,1954,1980]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="252" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.0">2–3.3mm</quantity>
) with a single tentacle protruding up towards the distal end of the arm; lack tentilla; of an undefined thickness that gradually narrows to the distal end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FF02AD2A9C9A" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FF02AEC59DA5" bold="true" box="[199,485,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Gastrovascular system—</emphasis>
Suboral cavity “U” shaped with three openings, a single downward-facing slit mouth, two accessory openings in the arms distal end; suboral cavity houses numerous hanging stomodeal folds that thin out towards the accessory openings; a single protrusion extends upward from the suboral cavity towards the centralized statocyst, two canals extend horizontally from protrusion into the tentacles, each horizontal canal contains four diverticula that imbed into four hermaphroditic gonads; additionally two diverticula extend between each pair of gonadal diverticula along the outer body wall, each diverticulum has numerous dichotomously branching protrusions, all protrusions lack anastomoses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FE02AFEC9F09" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FE02AEEE9CA5" bold="true" box="[199,462,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Reproductive system—</emphasis>
Four to eight large globular gonads arranged around a statocyst (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDFDC5FFB10FE03AA149CA6" box="[1223,1332,407,434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5mm</quantity>
), number varies due to the stage of regeneration, hermaphroditic with separation of reproductive tissues;; Several large brood pouches (variable in number) arranged in 2–3 rows develop on distal ends of each sub-diverticula around the oral foot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FDB2AE769F71" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FDB2AE1F9F55" bold="true" box="[199,319,550,577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Embryo—</emphasis>
Mortensen described the larvae in three stages depending on their development; these stages are described below:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FDFBAC739FE2" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FDFBAE119F9D" box="[199,305,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Stage I—</emphasis>
Spherical (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDFDC5FFE0FFDFBAD349F9D" box="[472,532,623,649]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
), numerous small white pigment spots irregularly scattered, large furrow in the transverse plane reaches halfway down the body on oral side, lack of a developed suboral cavity; aboral side with a single statocyst and two elongations; eight rows of costae with clustering cells on aboral half of body, develop into rudimentary tentacle bulbs on tentacular axis; lack ctene rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FD6BAE669E91" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FD6BAE1A9E0D" box="[199,314,767,793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Stage II—</emphasis>
Spherical (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDFDC5FFE37FD6BAD3D9E0D" box="[480,541,767,793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
), without pigmentation, large furrow with visible suboral cavity taking up half body cavity; sunken statocyst with four large elevations; variable number of ctene plates arranged in eight equidistant rows (h—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDFDC5FFEDBFCD3AE7B9E75" box="[268,347,839,865]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1mm</quantity>
) reaching half length of body; tentacle bulbs developed into “T” shape with simple tentacles, lacking tentilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FC1BAC839901" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
Stage III—Pear-shaped (l—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDFDC5FFDD6FC1BAD1C9EBE" box="[513,572,911,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
, d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDFDC5FFDA3FC1BAD909EBD" box="[628,688,911,937]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
); furrow developed into two lobes (similar to
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFB78FC1BAA129EBD" authorityName="Korotneff" authorityYear="1886" box="[1199,1330,911,937]" class="Tentaculata" family="Ctenoplanidae" genus="Ctenoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFB78FC1BAA129EBD" box="[1199,1330,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Ctenoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), pressed together to form tight seal, can flatten on a surface; extends halfway down the oral side of body; suboral cavity is large and voluminous, constitutes half body cavity, fully connected to tentacle bulbs and stomodeum; costae and ctene rows sunken into deep furrows of equidistant around aboral end
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFDFDC5FFF10FB8AADF39822" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FB8AADA399B1" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FB8AAE60992D" bold="true" box="[199,320,1054,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Ecology—</emphasis>
Known only residing on the surface of pennatuloid octocorals of the genus
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFB53FB8BABDA992D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[1156,1274,1055,1081]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFB53FB8BABDA992D" box="[1156,1274,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Umbellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, perhaps in an obligatory symbiotic relationship. Diet may include crustaceans, indicated by an unidentified, partially decomposed, 1-cm “shrimp” lying within the suboral cavity, the tail lying partly within one chimney (
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFDFDC5FFB7CFBF3AAAF9995" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1195,1423,1127,1153]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" refId="ref13521" refString="Mortensen, T. (1912) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition - The Danish Ingolf-Expedition: Ctenophora. Vol. 5. Part 2. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, 59 pp., 15 text figs., 10 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23582" type="book" year="1912">Mortensen 1912:10</bibRefCitation>
); additional ecological information unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FB3AAD2799FA" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FB3AAE1A99DD" bold="true" box="[199,314,1198,1225]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Habitat—</emphasis>
Deeper than
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDFDC5FFE1AFB3BAD2D99DD" box="[461,525,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation id="A3F4D183FFDFDC5FFE1AFB3BAD2D99DD" box="[461,525,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" unit="m" value="400.0">400m</elevation>
</quantity>
in areas dominated by mud flats within the
<location id="2D06606BFFDFDC5FFBDEFB3BAB8E99DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A07087A6FFD8DC5CFF40FC08ACC09CB9:2D06606BFFDFDC5FFBDEFB3BAB8E99DD" box="[1033,1198,1199,1225]" latitude="71.0013" municipality="Northern Baffin Bay" name="Umanak Fjord" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Umanak Fjord</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="C802ACCAFFDFDC5FFB30FB3BAFE799FA" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Northern Baffin Bay</collectingMunicipality>
;
<geoCoordinate id="4DED5077FFDFDC5FFF04FB47AE4199F9" box="[211,353,1235,1261]" degrees="71.001296" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" precision="1" value="71.0013">71.001296N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="4DED5077FFDFDC5FFEA4FB47AD2799FA" box="[371,519,1235,1262]" degrees="54.349333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" precision="1" value="-54.349335">54.349333W</geoCoordinate>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FB63ADF39822" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FB63AECE9805" box="[199,494,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FB63AE3A9805" bold="true" box="[199,282,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Host—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFECDFB63AECE9805" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1875" box="[282,494,1271,1297]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lindahli">Umbellula lindahli</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
; occupies the upper portion of the central unbranched rachis or within the crown of polyps. Never observed independent of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFD82FA8FADEB9821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[597,715,1307,1333]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFD82FA8FADEB9821" box="[597,715,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Umbellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFDFDC5CFF10FAAAACC09CB9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10FAAAABB89BF2" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FAAAAD3A984D" box="[199,538,1342,1369]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FAAAAE6A984D" bold="true" box="[199,330,1342,1369]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Remarks—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFE9DFAABAD3A984D" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[330,538,1343,1369]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">TJalfiella tristoma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is unique among the other described species of platyctenes because of the “U”shaped body with projecting arms that lack visible oral grooves, simple tentacles without tentilla, and an arrangement of large globular gonads encircling the statocyst on the aboral face of the species (
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDFDC5FFB19FA13AA3398B5" box="[1230,1299,1415,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,181,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[183,1403,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Illustrated Plate of TJalfiella tristoma collected by Kramp: A. representation of specimens in their natural position on the stalk of Umbellula lindahli, B. view of flattened face of aboral arm, C. young specimen of T. tristoma with asymmetrical gonads and no brood pouches, tentacular view, D. mature T. tristoma, tentacular view, E. aboral schematic of arrangement of diverticula and associating canals, F. stomodeal view of mature T. tristoma, G. cutaway illustration featuring internalized anatomy. Tj—TJalfiella tristoma, H—Host coral (Umbellula lindahli), a.a.—aboral arm, a.f.—aboral face, b.—brooding pouch, d.b.—diverticula that transverse along the body, d.g.—gonadal diverticula, d.p.—diverticula protrusions, d.t.—tentacular diverticula, g.—gonads, m.—mouth, o.s.—oral skirt, s.c.—suboral cavity, s.—statocyst, s.f.—stomodeal folds, s.o.—secondary opening (mouth), t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb, t.s.—tentacle sheath, t.o.—tentacle opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209863/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Species in
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFF40FA3FAE3A98D1" authorityName="Kowalevsky" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,282,1451,1477]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" genus="Coeloplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF40FA3FAE3A98D1" box="[151,282,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Coeloplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFEF2FA3FAD3598D1" box="[293,533,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFEF2FA3FAD3198D1" box="[293,529,1451,1477]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" genus="Vallicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="multiformis">Vallicula multiformis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFD92FA38AC1398D1" authorityName="Komai" authorityYear="1941" box="[581,819,1452,1477]" class="Tentaculata" family="Lyroctenidae" genus="Lyrocteis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="imperatoris">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFD92FA38AC1398D1" box="[581,819,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Lyrocteis imperatoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not possess any of these traits.Notably,
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFAD4FA38AABC98D1" box="[1283,1436,1451,1477]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" genus="Vallicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="multiformis">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFAD4FA38AABC98D1" box="[1283,1436,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">V.multiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFF10FA5BAE5F98FE" box="[199,383,1487,1514]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" genus="Coeloplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF10FA5BAE6A98FD" box="[199,330,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Coeloplana</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
lacks externalized gonads, have a flattened body when relaxed, and possess tentacles adorned with fine tentilla that exit out of the distalmost ends of a prominent oral groove. Alternatively,
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFB2FFA60AABD9B19" authorityName="Komai" authorityYear="1941" box="[1272,1437,1524,1549]" class="Tentaculata" family="Lyroctenidae" genus="Lyrocteis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="imperatoris">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFB2FFA60AABD9B19" box="[1272,1437,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">L. imperatoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFE1FF98CAD629B25" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[456,578,1560,1585]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFE1FF98CAD629B25" box="[456,578,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a notable oral groove and tentacles adorned with fine tentilla. Additionally, the canal structure and arrangement of gonadal tissue visually varies between
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFAF8F9AFAAB69B41" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1327,1430,1595,1621]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFAF8F9AFAAB69B41" box="[1327,1430,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">TJalfiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFF40F9CBAE3A9B6D" authorityName="Kowalevsky" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,282,1631,1657]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" genus="Coeloplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF40F9CBAE3A9B6D" box="[151,282,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Coeloplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFE8EF9F4AE9F9B6D" authorityName="Komai" authorityYear="1941" box="[345,447,1632,1657]" class="Tentaculata" family="Lyroctenidae" genus="Lyrocteis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFE8EF9F4AE9F9B6D" box="[345,447,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Lyrocteis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with both
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFD96F9CBADE49B6D" authorityName="Kowalevsky" authorityYear="1880" box="[577,708,1631,1657]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" genus="Coeloplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFD96F9CBADE49B6D" box="[577,708,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Coeloplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFD2BF9F4AC429B6D" authorityName="Komai" authorityYear="1941" box="[764,866,1632,1657]" class="Tentaculata" family="Lyroctenidae" genus="Lyrocteis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFD2BF9F4AC429B6D" box="[764,866,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Lyrocteis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessing a fine network of anastomosing canals while
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDFDC5FFF08F917AE669B89" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[223,326,1667,1693]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDFDC5FFF08F917AE669B89" box="[223,326,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">TJalfiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses only blind ending canals (
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDFDC5FFD39F917AC159B89" box="[750,821,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[223,1366,191,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-37@14.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Simple schematic of the structure of the canal and reproductive system in three families of Platyctenida viewed from the aboral side; A. Tjalfiellae, B. Coeloplanidae, C. Lyroctenidae. c—canal system, g—gonads, s—statocyst, t—tentacular apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209865/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Although certain morphological characteristics used to differentiate species of platyctenes may vary during their development or regeneration, the current valid species have good support based on detailed descriptions of both mature and developmental stages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDFDC5FFF10F97BAB399A46" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253">
Additionally, although
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFDFDC5FFE1EF964ADB39A1D" author="Mortensen, T." box="[457,659,1775,1802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="253" refId="ref13521" refString="Mortensen, T. (1912) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition - The Danish Ingolf-Expedition: Ctenophora. Vol. 5. Part 2. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, 59 pp., 15 text figs., 10 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23582" type="book" year="1912">Mortensen (1912)</bibRefCitation>
observed cilia lining the interior of the suboral cavity in the arms, we failed to detect them utilizing light microscopy and microCT analysis. Additional destructive histological analysis would be needed to verify the presence of cilia in the suboral cavity in the arms.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7CA66638FFDEDC5EFF4FF940AB799AFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209863/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" startId="13.[152,255,1748,1772]" targetBox="[194,1393,181,1719]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDEDC5EFF4FF940AB799AFC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1748,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFF4FF940AE389BF8" bold="true" box="[152,280,1748,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Illustrated Plate of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDEDC5EFE08F940ADB69BF8" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[479,662,1748,1772]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFE08F940ADB69BF8" box="[479,662,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">TJalfiella tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by Kramp:
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFCA6F940ACAA9BF8" bold="true" box="[881,906,1748,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">A.</emphasis>
representation of specimens in their natural position on the stalk of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDEDC5EFEFBF96CAECC9A04" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1875" box="[300,492,1784,1808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lindahli">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFEFBF96CAECC9A04" box="[300,492,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Umbellula lindahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFE2FF96CAD2F9A04" bold="true" box="[504,527,1784,1808]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">B.</emphasis>
view of flattened face of aboral arm,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFC5DF96CAC829A04" bold="true" box="[906,930,1784,1808]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">C.</emphasis>
young specimen of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDEDC5EFBB9F96DABFA9A04" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1134,1242,1785,1808]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFBB9F96DABFA9A04" box="[1134,1242,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with asymmetrical gonads and no brood pouches, tentacular view,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFD5CF888AD849A20" bold="true" box="[651,676,1820,1844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">D.</emphasis>
mature
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFD2BF889AC539A20" box="[764,883,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDEDC5EFD2BF889AC4F9A20" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[764,879,1821,1844]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">T. tristoma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
tentacular view,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFBFFF888AB1F9A20" bold="true" box="[1064,1087,1820,1844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">E.</emphasis>
aboral schematic of arrangement of diverticula and associating canals,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFDCAF8D4AD109A4C" bold="true" box="[541,560,1856,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">F.</emphasis>
stomodeal view of mature
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFC99F8D5ACE49A4C" box="[846,964,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDEDC5EFC99F8D5ACE09A4C" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[846,960,1857,1880]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">T. tristoma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFC1BF8D4ACC69A4C" bold="true" box="[972,998,1856,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">G.</emphasis>
cutaway illustration featuring internalized anatomy. Tj—
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDEDC5EFEFFF8F0AEFF9A68" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[296,479,1892,1916]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFEFFF8F0AEFF9A68" box="[296,479,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">TJalfiella tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, H—Host coral (
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDEDC5EFD5AF8F0AC6D9A68" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1875" box="[653,845,1892,1916]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lindahli">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDEDC5EFD5AF8F0AC6D9A68" box="[653,845,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="254">Umbellula lindahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a.a.—aboral arm, a.f.—aboral face, b.—brooding pouch, d.b.—diverticula that transverse along the body, d.g.—gonadal diverticula, d.p.—diverticula protrusions, d.t.—tentacular diverticula, g.—gonads, m.—mouth, o.s.—oral skirt, s.c.—suboral cavity, s.—statocyst, s.f.—stomodeal folds, s.o.—secondary opening (mouth), t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb, t.s.—tentacle sheath, t.o.—tentacle opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7CA66638FFDDDC5DFF4FF803AE209AE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209865/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="255" startId="14.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[223,1366,191,1909]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDDDC5DFF4FF803AE209AE3" blockId="14.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDDDC5DFF4FF803AE399ABB" bold="true" box="[152,281,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Simple schematic of the structure of the canal and reproductive system in three families of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDDDC5DFB19F803AA6B9ABB" authorityName="Bourne" authorityYear="1900" box="[1230,1355,1943,1967]" class="Tentaculata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="255" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="order">Platyctenida</taxonomicName>
viewed from the aboral side;
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDDDC5DFEBBF82FAEA59AC7" bold="true" box="[364,389,1979,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">A.</emphasis>
Tjalfiellae,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDDDC5DFE2AF82FAD349AC7" bold="true" box="[509,532,1979,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDDDC5DFDCDF82FAD8F9AC7" authorityName="Willey" authorityYear="1896" box="[538,687,1979,2003]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="255" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Coeloplanidae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDDDC5DFD6FF82FADF09AC7" bold="true" box="[696,720,1979,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="255">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDDDC5DFD01F82FAC7E9AC7" authorityName="Komai" authorityYear="1942" box="[726,862,1979,2003]" class="Tentaculata" family="Lyroctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="14" pageNumber="255" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Lyroctenidae</taxonomicName>
. c—canal system, g—gonads, s—statocyst, t—tentacular apparatus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF10FF03ACC09CB9" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
The geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFDE5FF03AD8E9DA4" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[562,686,151,176]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFDE5FF03AD8E9DA4" box="[562,686,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described by
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFDCDC5CFCA4FF03AB609DA5" author="Mortensen, T." box="[883,1088,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" pagination="249 - 253" refId="ref13482" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Tjalfiella tristoma n. g., n. sp. A sessile ctenophore from Greenland. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i KJObenhavn, 17, 249 - 253." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
as being strictly in the North Atlantic Ocean on the Western coast of
<collectingCountry id="50CE7620FFDCDC5CFD98FF2FADE49DC1" box="[591,708,187,213]" name="Greenland" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Greenland</collectingCountry>
in the Umanak Fjord and the Northern Baffin Island beginning at about
<geoCoordinate id="4DED5077FFDCDC5CFF0BFF4BAE4A9DED" box="[220,362,223,249]" degrees="71.001296" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" precision="1" value="71.0013">71.001296N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="4DED5077FFDCDC5CFEABFF4AAD319DED" box="[380,529,222,249]" degrees="54.349333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" precision="1" value="-54.349335">54.349333W</geoCoordinate>
. Additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="4C484B41FFDCDC5CFD64FF4BAC5C9DED" author="Mortensen, T." box="[691,892,223,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" pagination="249 - 253" refId="ref13482" refString="Mortensen, T. (1910) Tjalfiella tristoma n. g., n. sp. A sessile ctenophore from Greenland. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i KJObenhavn, 17, 249 - 253." type="journal article" year="1910">Mortensen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
described no occurrences of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFB15FF4BAA1A9DEC" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1218,1338,223,248]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFB15FF4BAA1A9DEC" box="[1218,1338,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
south of Umanak Fjord. However, during Kramp’s visit to the region through the Godthaab expedition in 1928, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFF60FEB3AE109C54" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[183,304,295,320]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF60FEB3AE109C54" box="[183,304,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed only on
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFD95FEB3AD9C9C55" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1875" box="[578,700,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lindahli">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFD95FEB3AD9C9C55" box="[578,700,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">U. lindahli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the Umanak Fjord, with no additional observations either North or South of the
<typeStatus id="F7628812FFDCDC5CFE42FEDFAEE59C71" box="[405,453,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
locality described by Mortensen. Regardless, these sparse observations for
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFAF5FEDFAABC9C70" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1314,1436,331,356]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFAF5FEDFAABC9C70" box="[1314,1436,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could suggest either a tight or spotty distribution for the species. However, due to the brooding nature of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFAF8FEFBAAB69C9D" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1327,1430,367,393]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFAF8FEFBAAB69C9D" box="[1327,1430,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">TJalfiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species may not be as widely distributed as related broadcast spawners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="2959AA8A52678CEDB66D4B5CB6B1028A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209847" ID-ZooBank="23634F4F-0A06-4940-B4CC-6BAC1CB85742" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1722787888374" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bezio, Nicholas &amp; Collins, Allen G." docDate="2024" docId="A07087A6FFDCDC41FF40FE6BAB899C71" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5486.2.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5486 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tjalfiella tristoma Bezio &amp; Collins 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="5C49FFDEFFD3DC53FFD7FF94AF209D14" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the deep-sea benthic ctenophore genus Tjalfiella from the North Atlantic (Class Tentaculata, Order Platyctenida, Family Tjalfiellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1722955130763" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8F93ACECCDFD37070F3BDF369582A59F">Redescription of the deep-sea benthic ctenophore genus Tjalfiella from the North Atlantic (Class Tentaculata, Order Platyctenida, Family Tjalfiellidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F6D9D33405C1FF1576BC4F12566925C">Bezio, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0ECC470A50F1AC8771A90E41D68D7B90">The University of Maryland, Department of Biological Science, College Park, MD, 20742 USA &amp; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, DC, 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="244D8E52C55B97AC5624729E9366E171">Collins, Allen G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7648CB8DE060F57BF0112B4ECA5FFEFD">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, DC, 20560 USA &amp; NOAA Fisheries, Office of Science &amp; Technology, National Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="326D19E95F152B2D34746F014BE69D6C" type="email">Allen.Collins@NOAA.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFF40FE6BAD789F0C" ID-CoL="579KR" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,600,510,537]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF40FE6BAD789F0C" bold="true" box="[151,600,510,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF40FE6BAFD19F0D" bold="true" box="[151,241,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Species</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF2FFE6AAE479F0D" bold="true" box="[248,359,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Tjalfiella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFE48FE6BAD229F0D" bold="true" box="[415,514,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">tristoma</emphasis>
(2018)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFDCDC5CFF40FDB7AEB49F29" box="[151,404,547,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF40FDB7AEB49F29" blockId="15.[151,600,510,573]" box="[151,404,547,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF40FDB7AEB49F29" bold="true" box="[151,404,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDCDC5CFF40FDB7AFC89F29" box="[151,232,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,777,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-270@3.[378,1209,777,1503]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Still images of living specimens of TJalfiella aff. tristroma (2018); A. In situ observation of four individuals on host octocoral Acanella sp. Scale bar—2cm, B. Still image of a collected individual in a retracted state, showing the body shape and reproductive system, C. Closeup of the aboral side, showing the opening of the arm with a simple tentacle, D. Closeup of arms, showing the coiling of tentacles and the relaxed state of the animal. Scale bar B to D—0.25cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209853/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDCDC5CFF22FDB7AE249F29" box="[245,260,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[152,255,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,181,824]" captionTargetId="figure-37@4.[378,1209,181,824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Additional observation by NOAA of platyctenes of similar morphology to TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2018) on dive EX1806_D17. Arrows point to individual platyctenes in the branches of Acanella sp. Scale bar—2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209855/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDCDC5CFEC6FDB7AE009F29" box="[273,288,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,932,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-79@4.[378,1209,932,1709]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Still images of living specimens of TJalfiella aff. tristroma (2022) with respect to host coral; A. In situ observation of the host coral Adinisis sp. Scale bar—2cm, B. Close-up still image of the collected host with several platyctenes in a retracted state. Scale bar—0.75cm, C. Tentacular view of two individual platyctenes separated from host coral.Arrows point to individual platyctenes on the collected Adinisis sp. Scale bar—0.5cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209857/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDCDC5CFEFAFDB7AE1C9F29" box="[301,316,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[222,1365,181,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[222,1365,181,1706]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. MicroCT 3D reconstruction of three TJalfiella samples:A. Tentacular view of T. tristoma, B. Tentacular view of T. aff. tristoma (2018), C. Tentacular view of T. aff. tristoma (2022), D. Stomodeal view of T. tristoma, E. Stomodeal view of T. aff. tristoma (2018), F. Stomodeal view of T. aff. tristoma (2022), G. Colorized internal anatomy of T. tristoma with low opacity body overlay, H. Colorized internal anatomy of T. aff. tristoma (2018) with low opacity body overlay, I. Colorized internal anatomy of T. aff. tristoma (2022) with low opacity body overlay, J. Closeup of aboral arms face with centralized opening and tentacle, K. Isolated view of intact larval T. aff. tristoma (2018) within the brood chamber, tentacular view, I. Closeup of developing brood chambers along diverticula protrusions. Blue—gastrovascular cavity (e.g., suboral cavity), Purple—Gonads, Magenta—brood pouches, Pink—tentacular apparatus, Green—canals, Teal—generalized larval anatomy. Scale bar: A–F— 3mm, G–I—1.6mm, J–L—0.3mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209859/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDCDC5CFE9EFDB7AE469F29" box="[329,358,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-37@16.[203,1385,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Illustrated Plate of TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2018) collected by NOAA: A. representation of specimens in their natural position on the stalk of Acanella sp., B. mature T. aff. tristoma (2018), tentacular view, C. Cross section of a gonad, D. Stomodeal view of mature T. aff. tristoma (2018), E. cutaway illustration featuring internalized anatomy, tentacular view. F. Closeup drawing showing the development of brood pouch on diverticula protrusions, G. view of the flattened face of aboral arm, H. aboral schematic of the arrangement of diverticula and associating canals; Tj—TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2018), H—Host coral (Acanella sp.), a.a.—aboral arm, a.f.—aboral face, b.—brooding pouch, d.b.—diverticula that transverse along the body, d.g.—gonadal diverticula, d.p.—diverticula protrusions, d.t.—tentacular diverticula, g.—gonads, m.—mouth, o.s.—oral skirt, s.c.—suboral cavity, s.—statocyst, s.f.—stomodeal folds, s.o.—secondary opening (mouth), t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb, t.s.—tentacle sheath, t.o.—tentacle opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209867/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFDCDC5CFEA4FDB7AEB09F29" box="[371,400,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1604,1628]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,640,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-219@17.[151,1436,633,1581]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Illustrated Plate of larval TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2018) collected by NOAA: A. tentacular plane, B. aboral view, C. oral view, a.c.—anal canal, c.p.—ctene plate, c.r.—ctene row, m.—mouth, p.—pharynx, s.—statocyst, t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209869/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">11</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF40FDFEAE379F91" bold="true" box="[151,279,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Material—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="98B13CEDFFDCDC5CFEC0FDFFAEC69FE5" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<specimenCount id="3EDFFD39FFDCDC5CFEC0FDFFAEE99F91" box="[279,457,619,645]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFE20FDFFAD859F90" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[503,677,619,645]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFE20FDFFAD2C9F90" box="[503,524,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFD9FFDFFAD859F90" box="[584,677,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by the ROV
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFC6AFDFFAB5E9F90" box="[957,1150,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Deep Discoverer</emphasis>
on the
<collectionCode id="4EC8AE75FFDCDC5CFB08FDFFAA0E9F91" box="[1247,1326,619,645]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qzhp-igg5" name="National Oceanic and Atmospeheric Administration" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">NOAA</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFDCDC5CFAEDFDFFAFDA9FBD" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFAEDFDFFAFDA9FBD" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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and stored in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (
<collectionCode id="4EC8AE75FFDCDC5CFBCCFD1BAB639FBD" box="[1051,1091,655,681]" country="Slovenia" name="The Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">EX</collectionCode>
1806_D17_02B_A01; UNSM-IZ-1490693). Additional pictures of living specimens observed during the same dive were used for morphological analyses and host availability.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFDCDC42FF40FC8BABB19C9D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" type="description">
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<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF40FC8BAE3D9E2D" bold="true" box="[151,285,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF40FCD6AE239921" blockId="15.[151,1437,799,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF40FCD6AFCE9E49" bold="true" box="[151,238,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Body—</emphasis>
Benthic ctenophore, “U” shaped in the tentacular axis; two large semi-gelatinous arms (h—
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) extending perpendicular from the horizontal axis of the animal, placed on opposing sides of the body; lacking lateral oral grooves, distal ends of arms flattened into a disk with an outer margin that is capable of folding inwards, contains two openings, a singular gastric accessory opening with serrated edges, and a single smaller tentacular opening; overall body surface is smooth with no warts or visible papillae, exceptions are four pairs of globular gonads on the aboral face (number of gonads vary between individuals) and two rows of brood pouches around the oral skirt.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF10FBAAAE33994C" bold="true" box="[199,275,1086,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Size—</emphasis>
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDCDC5CFEC4FBABAE7B994D" box="[275,347,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
in the tentacular plane,
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in the stomodeal plane, and
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDCDC5CFC34FBABAB65994D" box="[995,1093,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11mm</quantity>
in height
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF10FBF6AC2199B5" blockId="15.[151,1437,799,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF10FBF6AE7F9969" bold="true" box="[199,351,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Coloration—</emphasis>
Translucent with orange to yellow ochre hue, intensity varies;suboral cavity deep rust or copper in color; tentacles and tentacle bulbs are a milky white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF10FB3FABAD99D1" blockId="15.[151,1437,799,1833]" box="[199,1165,1195,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF10FB3FAE6A99D1" bold="true" box="[199,330,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Statocyst—</emphasis>
Sunken into the main body via a small pocket; exact structure is unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF10FB5BAA2C99FD" blockId="15.[151,1437,799,1833]" box="[199,1292,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF10FB5BAE4B99FD" bold="true" box="[199,363,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Ctene Rows—</emphasis>
Absent in maturity but present in observable larvae. See the embryo section below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF10FB66AE089889" blockId="15.[151,1437,799,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF10FB66AEFF9819" bold="true" box="[199,479,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Tentacular Apparatus—</emphasis>
Two tentacular apparatuses (one per aboral arm) located on the innermost facing half of arm; contains a large spherical tentacle bulb (d—
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) with a crescentic tentacle root, a single tentacle protruding up towards the distal end of the arm (d—.
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), lacking tentilla; of an undefined thickness that gradually narrows to the distal end; coil counterclockwise when retracted into sheath; the shape and abundance of colloblasts were not documented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF10FA32ACE49BA9" blockId="15.[151,1437,799,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF10FA32AECA98D5" bold="true" box="[199,490,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Gastrovascular System—</emphasis>
Large and “U” shaped with three openings: a downward-facing slit mouth on the oral face and a single accessory opening on each aboral arm; central suboral cavity directly above the slit mouth and below the statocyst, lined with numerous thin stomodeal folds attached from the cavity’s roof, folds thin out towards accessory openings; a single protrusion extends upward from the suboral cavity towards the centralized statocyst, two canals extend horizontally from protrusion into the tentacles, each horizontal canal contains four diverticula that imbed into four hermaphroditic gonads; two diverticula extend between each pair of gonadal diverticula along the outer body wall, each diverticula has numerous dichotomously branching protrusions, all protrusions lack anastomoses; development of these diverticula varies across individuals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFDCDC5CFF10F952ABEB9A3D" blockId="15.[151,1437,799,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFDCDC5CFF10F952AEF89BF5" bold="true" box="[199,472,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="256">Reproductive System—</emphasis>
Eight large globular gonads (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDCDC5CFC8CF953ACCB9BF5" box="[859,1003,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="2.32" valueMax="2.44" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.44mm</quantity>
) protruding from aboral face around statocyst, contain both male and female reproductive tissue separated by canal diverticula; two rows of brood pouches around oral skirt (ea.
<quantity id="EF219B55FFDCDC5CFE08F89BAD5F9A3D" box="[479,639,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="1.62" metricValueMin="1.36" pageId="15" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="1.49" valueMax="1.62" valueMin="1.36">1.36–1.62mm</quantity>
in d), house brooded embryos (see embryo section).
</paragraph>
<caption id="7CA66638FFC3DC43FF4FF923AD789AFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209867" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209867/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" startId="16.[152,255,1719,1743]" targetBox="[203,1382,181,1689]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC3DC43FF4FF923AD789AFB" blockId="16.[151,1437,1719,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FF4FF923AE079BDB" bold="true" box="[152,295,1719,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Illustrated Plate of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC3DC43FE21F923ADF99BDB" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[502,729,1719,1743]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FE21F923AD739BDB" box="[502,595,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">TJalfiella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FD52F92CADF99BDB" box="[645,729,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) collected by NOAA:
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FBDCF923AB039BDB" bold="true" box="[1035,1059,1719,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">A.</emphasis>
representation of specimens in their natural position on the stalk of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC3DC43FE03F94FAD739BE6" box="[468,595,1755,1779]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FE03F94FAD0E9BE7" box="[468,558,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Acanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FD89F94FAD569BE7" bold="true" box="[606,630,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">B.</emphasis>
mature
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC3DC43FD1EF948AC7F9BE7" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[713,863,1755,1779]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FD1EF948ADFD9BE7" box="[713,733,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FCDCF948AC7F9BE7" box="[779,863,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018), tentacular view,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FB8AF94FAB569BE7" bold="true" box="[1117,1142,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">C.</emphasis>
Cross section of a gonad,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FA53F94FAABC9BE7" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">D.</emphasis>
Stomodeal view of mature
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC3DC43FE66F894AD6A9A03" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[433,586,1791,1815]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FE66F894AEE59A03" box="[433,453,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FE21F894AD6A9A03" box="[502,586,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018),
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FD72F96BAD9C9A03" bold="true" box="[677,700,1791,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">E.</emphasis>
cutaway illustration featuring internalized anatomy, tentacular view.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FA5EF96BAABC9A03" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,1791,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">F.</emphasis>
Closeup drawing showing the development of brood pouch on diverticula protrusions,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FBC5F8B7AB0C9A2F" bold="true" box="[1042,1068,1827,1851]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">G.</emphasis>
view of the flattened face of aboral arm,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FF1CF8D3AFC59A4B" bold="true" box="[203,229,1863,1887]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">H.</emphasis>
aboral schematic of the arrangement of diverticula and associating canals; Tj—
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC3DC43FBDCF8D3ABCA9A4B" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1035,1258,1863,1887]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FBDCF8D3AB489A4B" box="[1035,1128,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">TJalfiella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FB41F8DCABCA9A4B" box="[1174,1258,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018), H—Host coral (
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC3DC43FF0EF8FFAE799A97" box="[217,345,1899,1923]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC3DC43FF0EF8FFAE139A97" box="[217,307,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Acanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
), a.a.—aboral arm, a.f.—aboral face, b.—brooding pouch, d.b.—diverticula that transverse along the body, d.g.—gonadal diverticula, d.p.—diverticula protrusions, d.t.—tentacular diverticula, g.—gonads, m.—mouth, o.s.—oral skirt, s.c.—suboral cavity, s.—statocyst, s.f.—stomodeal folds, s.o.—secondary opening (mouth), t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb, t.s.—tentacle sheath, t.o.—tentacle opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC2DC42FF10FF02ABB19C9D" blockId="17.[151,1436,150,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF10FF02AE1F9DA5" bold="true" box="[199,319,150,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF10FF02AE039DA5" bold="true" box="[199,291,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Embryo</emphasis>
—
</emphasis>
Spherical and cydippid-like (d—
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC2DC42FD61FF03AC289DA5" box="[694,776,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8mm</quantity>
); eight equidistant ctene rows on aboral side stretching to half body length, number of ctene plates around six but variable; statocyst present on central aboral end with large gelatinous dome; large slit on oral end that stretches halfway up the body and opens up to suboral cavity, suboral cavity voluminous and occupies half body cavity, suboral cavity converges to stomodeum, four perradial canals diverge from stomodeum, and split into two adradial canals each which merge into meridional canal roughly a quarter way from the bottom of the ctene row at an angle of 40°; tentacle bulbs halfway up body on opposing side of tentacular plane, “T” shaped, orange/rust colored, a single tentacle without tentilla each.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC2DC42FF10FE06AE459F75" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC2DC42FF10FE06AC929CE1" blockId="17.[151,1436,150,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF10FE06AE609CB9" bold="true" box="[199,320,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Ecology—</emphasis>
Known only residing on the surface of highly ramified deep-sea octocoral of the genus
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FAE5FE07AAB89CB9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[1330,1432,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanella</taxonomicName>
, perhaps in an obligatory symbiotic relationship (it was not seen on nearby corals in other genera). The ecology of this platyctene species is otherwise unknown and requires future study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC2DC42FF10FE6AABD99F0D" blockId="17.[151,1436,150,609]" box="[199,1273,510,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF10FE6AAE1A9F0D" bold="true" box="[199,314,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Habitat—</emphasis>
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC2DC42FEEDFE6BAE809F0D" box="[314,416,511,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8663" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="1866.3">
<elevation id="A3F4D183FFC2DC42FEEDFE6BAE809F0D" box="[314,416,511,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8663" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="1866.3">1866.3m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4DED5077FFC2DC42FE7CFE6BAD709F0D" box="[427,592,511,537]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" precision="1" seconds="48.0" value="36.23">36°13’48.0” N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4DED5077FFC2DC42FD80FE6BAC239F0D" box="[599,771,511,537]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" precision="1" seconds="12.0" value="-74.47">74°28’12.0” W</geoCoordinate>
, roughly
<quantity id="EF219B55FFC2DC42FCBBFE6AAC939F0D" box="[876,947,510,537]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" unit="km" value="75.0">75 km</quantity>
east of
<collectingRegion id="EA1DF852FFC2DC42FBDDFE6BAB969F0D" box="[1034,1206,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="50CE7620FFC2DC42FB16FE6BABD99F0D" box="[1217,1273,511,537]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC2DC42FF10FDB7AE459F75" blockId="17.[151,1436,150,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF10FDB7AE3A9F29" bold="true" box="[199,282,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Host—</emphasis>
Undescribed
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FE7AFDB7AD179F29" box="[429,567,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FE7AFDB7AD319F29" box="[429,529,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Acanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
but closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FCE6FDB7AB2B9F29" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[817,1035,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FCE6FDB7AB2B9F29" box="[817,1035,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Acanella arbuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Usually occupies the upper third of the host organism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7CA66638FFC2DC42FF4FF9D0AE7A9BB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209869/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" startId="17.[152,255,1604,1628]" targetBox="[158,1426,640,1575]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC2DC42FF4FF9D0AE7A9BB0" blockId="17.[151,1436,1604,1700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF4FF9D0AE079B48" bold="true" box="[152,295,1604,1628]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Illustrated Plate of larval
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FD95F9D0AC099B48" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[578,809,1604,1628]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FD95F9D0ADBF9B48" box="[578,671,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">TJalfiella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FD02F9D1AC099B48" box="[725,809,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) collected by NOAA:
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FBB3F9D0AB5D9B48" bold="true" box="[1124,1149,1604,1628]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">A.</emphasis>
tentacular plane,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FAEBF9D1AA739B49" bold="true" box="[1340,1363,1605,1629]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">B.</emphasis>
aboral view,
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF02F9FCAFCE9B94" bold="true" box="[213,238,1640,1664]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">C.</emphasis>
oral view, a.c.—anal canal, c.p.—ctene plate, c.r.—ctene row, m.—mouth, p.—pharynx, s.—statocyst, t.—tentacle, t.b.—tentacle bulb.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="60C3653BFFC2DC41FF10F963AB899C71" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="286636B0FFC2DC41FF10F963AB899C71" blockId="17.[151,1437,1783,2025]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF10F963AE709A05" bold="true" box="[199,336,1783,1809]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Remarks—</emphasis>
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FE3EF963AD429A04" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[489,610,1783,1808]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FE3EF963AD429A04" box="[489,610,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see description above), most morphological features have no significant difference between measured
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FE32F88FAD7D9A20" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[485,605,1819,1844]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FE32F88FAD7D9A20" box="[485,605,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FD44F88FAC179A20" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[659,823,1819,1845]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FD44F88FAD889A20" box="[659,680,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FD0DF88FAC179A20" box="[730,823,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) (
<tableCitation id="655B030BFFC2DC42FC40F88FACCE9A21" box="[919,1006,1819,1845]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="18.[152,244,404,428]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the anatomical features for all three samples of TJalfiella specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CA66638FFC1DC41FF4FFE00AB5A9CB8" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" tableUuid="7CA66638FFC1DC41FF4FFE00AB5A9CB8">Table 4</tableCitation>
). However, both
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FB7AF88FAA069A20" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1197,1318,1819,1844]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FB7AF88FAA069A20" box="[1197,1318,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FA8BF88FAFD49A4C" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FA8BF88FAA519A20" box="[1372,1393,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FF40F8ABAFD49A4C" box="[151,244,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) possess slight variations in coloration and host preference. Mortensen most notably described
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FA5FF8ABAFD49A68" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FA5FF8ABAFD49A68" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as white to pale-yellowish, while
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FDABF8F7AC039A68" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[636,803,1891,1917]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FDABF8F7AC039A68" box="[636,803,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T. aff. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) is consistently observed as bright orange with a red suboral cavity. Additionally, even in the presence of other suitable host organisms,
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FBB6F813ABFA9AB4" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1121,1242,1927,1952]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FBB6F813ABFA9AB4" box="[1121,1242,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T. tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was documented only attaching to
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FEB4F83FAD619AD1" box="[355,577,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FEB4F83FAD1E9AD1" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1875" box="[355,574,1963,1989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Umbellulidae" genus="Umbellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lindahli">Umbellula lindahli</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
while
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FD43F83FAC1F9AD0" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[660,831,1963,1989]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FD43F83FAD899AD0" box="[660,681,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FD35F83FAC1F9AD0" box="[738,831,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) was observed only attaching to
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FAD8F83FAABC9AD1" box="[1295,1436,1963,1989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FAD8F83FAA539AD1" box="[1295,1395,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Acanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFC2DC42FF48F85BAFC59AFD" box="[159,229,1999,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,777,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-270@3.[378,1209,777,1503]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Still images of living specimens of TJalfiella aff. tristroma (2018); A. In situ observation of four individuals on host octocoral Acanella sp. Scale bar—2cm, B. Still image of a collected individual in a retracted state, showing the body shape and reproductive system, C. Closeup of the aboral side, showing the opening of the arm with a simple tentacle, D. Closeup of arms, showing the coiling of tentacles and the relaxed state of the animal. Scale bar B to D—0.25cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209853/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Additional sightings of
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FDD2F85BAD8C9AFC" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[517,684,1999,2025]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FDD2F85BAD3A9AFC" box="[517,538,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FD98F85BAD8C9AFC" box="[591,684,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) along EX1806 showed an affinity for
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC2DC42FB63F85BAA1F9AFD" box="[1204,1343,1999,2025]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC2DC42FB63F85BAA389AFD" box="[1204,1304,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Acanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
with no additional sighting on neighboring corals (
<figureCitation id="B0E22A35FFC1DC41FDAAFF03ADE49DA5" box="[637,708,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[152,255,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,181,824]" captionTargetId="figure-37@4.[378,1209,181,824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Additional observation by NOAA of platyctenes of similar morphology to TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2018) on dive EX1806_D17. Arrows point to individual platyctenes in the branches of Acanella sp. Scale bar—2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209855/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Similar situations are described between individual species of
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC1DC41FF40FF2FAE019DC1" box="[151,289,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC1DC41FF40FF2FAE3C9DC1" authorityName="Kowalevsky" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,284,187,213]" class="Tentaculata" family="Coeloplanidae" genus="Coeloplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">Coeloplana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which often have no significant anatomical differences between species. Instead, external features like coloration, papillae arrangement, and host preference allow identification. Genetically,
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC1DC41FB75FF4BAA699DEC" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[1186,1353,223,249]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC1DC41FB75FF4BAB989DEC" box="[1186,1208,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC1DC41FB3BFF4BAA699DEC" box="[1260,1353,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2018) differs from
<taxonomicName id="EFD94D33FFC1DC41FEF3FE97AEEA9C08" authorityName="Bezio &amp; Collins" authorityYear="2024" box="[292,458,259,285]" class="Tentaculata" family="Tjalfiellidae" genus="Tjalfiella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Platyctenida" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="tristoma">
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC1DC41FEF3FE97AE1A9C08" box="[292,314,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">T.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC1DC41FEBAFE97AEEA9C08" box="[365,458,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">tristoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2022), but not by great amounts. The often-employed mitochondrial
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC1DC41FB09FE97AA349C09" box="[1246,1300,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">cox1</emphasis>
gene shows 3.08% divergence (
<tableCitation id="655B030BFFC1DC41FEA5FEB3AEE99C55" box="[370,457,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[152,244,764,788]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Pairwise genetic divergences across genes of the mitochondrial genome, from TJalfiella aff. tristoma (2018)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CA66638FFDBDC5BFF4FFD68AAB59E01" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" tableUuid="7CA66638FFDBDC5BFF4FFD68AAB59E01">Table 3</tableCitation>
), comparable to the lower end of interspecific differences among platyctenes sampled by Alamaru
<emphasis id="1AADEAA2FFC1DC41FEFEFEDFAE419C71" box="[297,353,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
(2017), and far exceeding any intraspecific variation among their samples.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>