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(
<figureCitation id="13722A3DFFBAFFAB21F8FBE8FA97088A" box="[1194,1332,1140,1166]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[136,245,1935,1961]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,245,1641,1667]" captionStartId-2="5.[136,245,1016,1042]" captionStartId-3="6.[136,245,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox-0="[248,1344,249,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,187,1618]" captionTargetBox-2="[181,1422,199,992]" captionTargetBox-3="[183,1404,187,1820]" captionTargetId-0="figure-42@3.[242,1346,242,1910]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@4.[151,1436,187,1618]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@5.[166,1422,187,992]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@6.[183,1404,187,1831]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Polystemma leopardum A. Branch segment with inflorescence and flower bud. B. Detail of stem pubescence. C. Detail of leaf base with colleters. D. Flower. E. Gynostegium and gynostegial corona. F. Detail of the lobe of the gynostegial corona G. Pollinarium. H. Fruit. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Polystemma leopardum A. Habitat. B. Plant climbing. C. Detail of suberous stem. D. Leaves and flowers. E. Top view of flower and bud. F. Lateral view of flower. G. Gynostegium and gynostegial corona. H. Fruit. Photograph credits AF Abisaí García-Mendoza, GH Abigail López Santiago." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Known geographical distributions of Polystemma cordatum and P. leopardum." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Morphologically similar species. AD. Polystemma cordatum. A. Branch with flowers of the type. BC. Different views of the flowers of the type. D. Detail of the gynostegium. EH. Polystemma leopardum. E. Branch with flowers of the type. F. Detail of the gynostegium. G. Section of the flower. H. Detail of the gynostegium. Photograph credits: AC Holotype specimen, Purpus 3836 (UC124986!), D. Illustration by Elvia Esparza, Flora de Tehuacán- Cuicatlán (Juárez-Jaimes &amp; Lozada 2003), EG. Specimen type H. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215930" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215932" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215934" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215938" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13215930/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13215932/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13215934/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13215938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Figures 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13722A3DFFBAFFAB21F8FBE8FA97088A" box="[1194,1332,1140,1166]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[136,245,1935,1961]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,245,1641,1667]" captionStartId-2="5.[136,245,1016,1042]" captionStartId-3="6.[136,245,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox-0="[248,1344,249,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,187,1618]" captionTargetBox-2="[181,1422,199,992]" captionTargetBox-3="[183,1404,187,1820]" captionTargetId-0="figure-42@3.[242,1346,242,1910]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@4.[151,1436,187,1618]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@5.[166,1422,187,992]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@6.[183,1404,187,1831]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Polystemma leopardum A. Branch segment with inflorescence and flower bud. B. Detail of stem pubescence. C. Detail of leaf base with colleters. D. Flower. E. Gynostegium and gynostegial corona. F. Detail of the lobe of the gynostegial corona G. Pollinarium. H. Fruit. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Polystemma leopardum A. Habitat. B. Plant climbing. C. Detail of suberous stem. D. Leaves and flowers. E. Top view of flower and bud. F. Lateral view of flower. G. Gynostegium and gynostegial corona. H. Fruit. Photograph credits AF Abisaí García-Mendoza, GH Abigail López Santiago." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Known geographical distributions of Polystemma cordatum and P. leopardum." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Morphologically similar species. AD. Polystemma cordatum. A. Branch with flowers of the type. BC. Different views of the flowers of the type. D. Detail of the gynostegium. EH. Polystemma leopardum. E. Branch with flowers of the type. F. Detail of the gynostegium. G. Section of the flower. H. Detail of the gynostegium. Photograph credits: AC Holotype specimen, Purpus 3836 (UC124986!), D. Illustration by Elvia Esparza, Flora de TehuacánCuicatlán (Juárez-Jaimes &amp; Lozada 2003), EG. Specimen type H. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215930" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215932" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215934" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215938" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13215930/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13215932/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13215934/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13215938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Figures 14</figureCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
@ -467,17 +466,17 @@ The species proposed here shares the attributes of the genus
and is distinguished from the rest of the species by its flowers, which present a distinct pattern of coloration within the group (
<figureCitation id="13722A3DFFBDFFAC206EF938FA3D0ABA" box="[1340,1438,1700,1726]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[136,245,1935,1961]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,245,1641,1667]" captionTargetBox-0="[248,1344,249,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,187,1618]" captionTargetId-0="figure-42@3.[242,1346,242,1910]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@4.[151,1436,187,1618]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Polystemma leopardum A. Branch segment with inflorescence and flower bud. B. Detail of stem pubescence. C. Detail of leaf base with colleters. D. Flower. E. Gynostegium and gynostegial corona. F. Detail of the lobe of the gynostegial corona G. Pollinarium. H. Fruit. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Polystemma leopardum A. Habitat. B. Plant climbing. C. Detail of suberous stem. D. Leaves and flowers. E. Top view of flower and bud. F. Lateral view of flower. G. Gynostegium and gynostegial corona. H. Fruit. Photograph credits AF Abisaí García-Mendoza, GH Abigail López Santiago." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215930" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215932" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13215930/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13215932/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The recognition of this new taxon increases the number of species for the country to eleven (
<tableCitation id="C6CB0303FFBDFFAC212DF954FB730AE6" box="[1151,1232,1736,1762]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,224,268,292]" captionText="TABLE 1. Species list of Polystemma and their distribution. Names with an asterisk are endemic to Mexico. Species name Distribution" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Table 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6CB0303FFBDFFAC212DF954FB730AE6" box="[1151,1232,1736,1762]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,224,268,292]" captionTargetBox="[144,1416,308,1682]" captionText="TABLE 1. Species list of Polystemma and their distribution. Names with an asterisk are endemic to Mexico." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF366630FFB9FFA825DAFE90FAB30D20" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="DF366630FFB9FFA825DAFE90FAB30D20">Table 1</tableCitation>
) with an endemism of 75 %. These results reaffirm the country as the center of diversity for the genus and family.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D3BFFBDFFAC21CBF970FA310B02" authorityName="L. O. Alvarado" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Brandegee" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1177,1426,1772,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAAAFFBDFFAC21CBF970FA310B02" box="[1177,1426,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Polystemma cordatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the species with the strongest similarity to the species proposed here (
<figureCitation id="13722A3DFFBDFFAC26C8F88CFC7D0B2E" box="[922,990,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,245,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,187,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[183,1404,187,1831]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphologically similar species. AD. Polystemma cordatum. A. Branch with flowers of the type. BC. Different views of the flowers of the type. D. Detail of the gynostegium. EH. Polystemma leopardum. E. Branch with flowers of the type. F. Detail of the gynostegium. G. Section of the flower. H. Detail of the gynostegium. Photograph credits: AC Holotype specimen, Purpus 3836 (UC124986!), D. Illustration by Elvia Esparza, Flora de Tehuacán- Cuicatlán (Juárez-Jaimes &amp; Lozada 2003), EG. Specimen type H. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215938/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13722A3DFFBDFFAC26C8F88CFC7D0B2E" box="[922,990,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,245,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,187,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[183,1404,187,1831]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphologically similar species. AD. Polystemma cordatum. A. Branch with flowers of the type. BC. Different views of the flowers of the type. D. Detail of the gynostegium. EH. Polystemma leopardum. E. Branch with flowers of the type. F. Detail of the gynostegium. G. Section of the flower. H. Detail of the gynostegium. Photograph credits: AC Holotype specimen, Purpus 3836 (UC124986!), D. Illustration by Elvia Esparza, Flora de TehuacánCuicatlán (Juárez-Jaimes &amp; Lozada 2003), EG. Specimen type H. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215938/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), which differs in the coloration and size of the flower as well as the shape of the gynostegial corona and the stylar head (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B49FFBDFFAC2153F8A8FA3C0B4A" author="Juarez-Jaimes, V. C. &amp; Lozada-Perez, L." box="[1025,1439,1844,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" refId="ref4797" refString="Juarez-Jaimes, V. C. &amp; Lozada-Perez, L. (2003) Asclepiadaceae. In: Medina-Lemus, R. (Ed.) Flora del Valle de Tehuacan-Cuicatlan. Vol. 37. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, D. F., pp. 1 - 57." type="book" year="2003">Juárez-Jaimes &amp; Lozada-Pérez 2003</bibRefCitation>
), (
<tableCitation id="C6CB0303FFBDFFAC25DDF8C4FF440B76" box="[143,231,1880,1906]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological attributes present in the compared Polystemma species." pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Table 2</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6CB0303FFBDFFAC25DDF8C4FF440B76" box="[143,231,1880,1906]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological attributes present in the compared Polystemma species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF366630FFBFFFAE25DAFF03FC570CB3" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="DF366630FFBFFFAE25DAFF03FC570CB3">Table 2</tableCitation>
). This morphological difference between the individuals of the two species hypotheses is consistent with the proposed phenotypic restriction laid out in the explanatory hypothesis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF366630FFBEFFAF25DAF8A2FE9D0409" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" startId="6.[136,245,1854,1880]" targetBox="[183,1404,187,1820]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
@ -496,7 +495,7 @@ Morphologically similar species. AD.
(UC124986!), D. Illustration by Elvia Esparza, Flora de TehuacánCuicatlán (Juárez-Jaimes &amp; Lozada 2003), EG. Specimen type H. Illustration by Ericka Belén Cortez Castro, based on the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF366630FFBFFFAE25DAFF03FC570CB3" box="[136,1012,159,183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" startId="7.[136,224,159,183]" targetType="table">
<caption id="DF366630FFBFFFAE25DAFF03FC570CB3" ID-Table-UUID="DF366630FFBFFFAE25DAFF03FC570CB3" box="[136,1012,159,183]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF366630FFBFFFAE25DAFF03FC570CB3" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" startId="7.[136,224,159,183]" targetBox="[144,1440,200,569]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BF636B8FFBFFFAE25DAFF03FC570CB3" blockId="7.[136,1012,159,183]" box="[136,1012,159,183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B93DEAAAFFBFFFAE25DAFF03FF570CB3" bold="true" box="[136,244,159,183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Morphological attributes present in the compared