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<mods:identifier id="F44905B3049FDBD69F8E74B1984C7465" type="GBIF-Dataset">9e4ed342-9b1f-470a-8dfd-f9ace44a16c7</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C4E4E50C2F91C72CDECEBC756CDB21B8" type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="23A61233D20D5BA89618E23996FA70F5" type="Zenodo-Dep">15299494</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="CF54B23C3F2F1662FE55FA1FFCD8FB13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF54B23C3F2F1662FE55FA1FFCD8FB13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF54B23C3F2F1662FE55FA1FFCD8FB13" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<treatment id="CF54B23C3F2F1662FE55FA1FFCD8FB13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15299542" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF54B23C3F2F1662FE55FA1FFCD8FB13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF54B23C3F2F1662FE55FA1FFCD8FB13" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" scope_family="Cynodontidae" scope_genus="Cynodon" scope_order="Characiformes">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0FE750A13F2F1661FE55FA1FFDF3FA08" box="[488,608,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2F1661FE55FA1FFDF3FA08" blockId="4.[488,608,1496,1520]" box="[488,608,1496,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<heading id="1C0AB4463F2F1661FE55FA1FFDF3FA08" box="[488,608,1496,1520]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
|
||||
|
|
@ -99,9 +102,9 @@ Forty-eight larvae were studied at various stages development (two yolk-sacs, 35
|
|||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2F1661FDBBF919FBA6F90E" bold="true" box="[518,1077,1758,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morphological and meristic characterization.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2F1661FBFDF919FB4AF90E" box="[1088,1241,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yolk-sac stage</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2F1661FB51F919FAA9F90E" box="[1260,1338,1758,1782]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2F1661FB51F919FAA9F90E" box="[1260,1338,1758,1782]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299592" tableUuid="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2F1661FAF6F919FA34F90E" box="[1355,1447,1758,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2F1661FAF6F919FA34F90E" box="[1355,1447,1758,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15299498/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The standard length ranges from
|
||||
<quantity id="8005AECF3F2F1661FCD3F8C4FBA2F8E3" box="[878,1073,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.77" metricValueMax="5.81" metricValueMin="5.73" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="5.77" valueMax="5.81" valueMin="5.73">5.73 to 5.81 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(5.77±
|
||||
|
|
@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ Forty-eight larvae were studied at various stages development (two yolk-sacs, 35
|
|||
<quantity id="8005AECF3F2E1660FDAAF919FDE8F90E" box="[535,635,1758,1782]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3081" metricValueMax="1.3208" metricValueMin="1.2953999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="51.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="51.0">51–52 in</quantity>
|
||||
number (25 preanal and 26–27 postanal).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,198,193,213]" targetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<caption id="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299592" ID-Table-UUID="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15299592" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,198,193,213]" targetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" blockId="5.[135,1459,193,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2E1660FF35FF06FF76FF2D" bold="true" box="[136,229,193,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1 |</emphasis>
|
||||
Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for
|
||||
|
|
@ -505,9 +508,9 @@ larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye dia
|
|||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2E1663FDBBF8EFFC2FFAA3" blockId="5.[489,1461,1832,1894]" lastBlockId="6.[487,1461,936,1371]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2E1660FDBBF8EFFD38F8B8" box="[518,683,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Preflexion stage</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2E1660FD01F8EFFC94F8B9" box="[700,775,1832,1857]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2E1660FD01F8EFFC94F8B9" box="[700,775,1832,1857]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299592" tableUuid="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2E1660FCABF8EFFCFEF8B9" box="[790,877,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2E1660FCABF8EFFCFEF8B9" box="[790,877,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15299498/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Individuals have an SL ranging from
|
||||
<quantity id="8005AECF3F2E1660FA91F8EFFD85F89D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.29" metricValueMax="8.64" metricValueMin="5.94" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="7.29" valueMax="8.64" valueMin="5.94">5.94 to 8.64 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(6.99±
|
||||
|
|
@ -516,7 +519,7 @@ larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye dia
|
|||
<quantity id="8005AECF3F2D1663FCEAFC6FFC2DFC38" box="[855,958,936,960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.78" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="6.78">6.78 mm</quantity>
|
||||
had yolk remnants. The body is elongated in a fusiform shape; the snout is pointed; and the mouth is subterminal, large, oblique, and has numerous conical teeth externally. The nostrils are simple, and the eyes are spherical, fully pigmented, and black in preserved individuals. The swim bladder is visible, inflated, and oval shaped. The intestine is vertically striated, and elongated, and the anal opening reaches the midline of the body. The pigmentation is similar to that of the previous stage. Dendritic melanophores are observed in the apical region of the swim bladder, in the embryonic membrane just below the stomach, but are scarce at the origin of the anal fin. The finfold still surrounds the body dorsoventrally, being interrupted only by the anus. The pectoral fin bud is small and surrounded by a membrane, not reaching the swim bladder. Total number of myomeres ranges from 51 to 53 (25–26 preanal and 26–27 postanal).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="138253A23F2D1663FF35FCFBFCADFC8D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,209,828,848]" targetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="138253A23F2D1663FF35FCFBFCADFC8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15299498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15299498/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,209,828,848]" targetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2D1663FF35FCFBFCADFC8D" blockId="6.[136,1458,828,885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2D1663FF35FCFBFF61FCA8" bold="true" box="[136,242,828,848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2 |</emphasis>
|
||||
Larval development of
|
||||
|
|
@ -539,9 +542,9 @@ Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
|||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2D1663FDBBFA49FCEDF873" blockId="6.[486,1461,1422,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2D1663FDBBFA49FD1DFA5E" box="[518,654,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Flexion stage</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2D1663FD21FA49FD77FA5E" box="[668,740,1422,1446]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2D1663FD21FA49FD77FA5E" box="[668,740,1422,1446]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299592" tableUuid="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2D1663FD4DFA49FCE7FA5E" box="[752,884,1422,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2D1663FD4DFA49FCE7FA5E" box="[752,884,1422,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15299498/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The SL ranges from
|
||||
<quantity id="8005AECF3F2D1663FBD5FA49FAB9FA5D" box="[1128,1322,1422,1446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2474999999999998" metricValueMax="1.6329999999999998" metricValueMin="0.8619999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="12.474999999999998" valueMax="16.33" valueMin="8.62">8.62 to 16.33 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(12.25±2.56 mm). The final SN is flexed by the emergence of the hypural bones. Morphologically, the body, snout, mouth, nostrils, eyes, and position of the anus show no change in relation to the previous stage. The swim bladder assumes a triangular shape. The gill apparatus is covered by the operculum, a feature not observed in earlier stages. The pigmentation is analogous to that of the preflexion stage, but pigments appear on the hypural plate and on the caudal rays. At this stage, the delineation of the unpaired fins is observed. Individuals with
|
||||
|
|
@ -551,9 +554,9 @@ SL have the first dorsal and anal fin rays. Anal fin is located just after the b
|
|||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2C1662FDBBFF79FAA1FD6E" blockId="7.[485,1460,190,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2C1662FDBBFF79FD20FF2E" box="[518,691,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Postflexion stage</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FD78FF79FC82FF2E" box="[709,785,190,214]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FD78FF79FC82FF2E" box="[709,785,190,214]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299592" tableUuid="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2C1662FC9CFF79FCEAFF2E" box="[801,889,190,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2C1662FC9CFF79FCEAFF2E" box="[801,889,190,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,209,828,848]" captionTargetBox="[170,1459,167,805]" captionTargetId="figure-397@6.[136,1459,167,805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Larval development of Cynodon gibbus. A. Yolk-sac (5.81 mm SL); B. Preflexion (6.44 mm SL); C. Early flexion (9.70 mm SL); D. Late flexion (15.22 mm SL); and E. Postflexion (21.57 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15299498/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The SL of the analyzed individual is
|
||||
<quantity id="8005AECF3F2C1662FA84FF79FA3CFF2D" box="[1337,1455,190,214]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.157" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="21.57">21.57 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The notochord and swim bladder are visible owing to transparency. The pigmentation pattern is similar to that of the previous stage but more intense, particularly in the caudal peduncle and in the caudal rays. Some pigments weakly radiate from the base of the anal fin into the rays. All fins, except for the pelvic one, are in the final developmental phase, including ray segmentation. Remnants of the finfold can be observed in the ventral region anterior to the anus and dorsally situated between the dorsal and anal fins, and extending toward the caudal peduncle. The adipose fin is outlined, and the pelvic fin is only visible as a bud. Most of the rays of the pectoral fin are completely formed (i,13). The anal fin is long and has numerous rays (ii,78), beginning slightly posterior to the midpoint of the body, and perpendicular to the dorsal fin, which has ii,11 rays. The caudal fin has 18 rays (
|
||||
|
|
@ -563,17 +566,17 @@ each lobe, superior and inferior). Notably, all unpaired fins are segmented and
|
|||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2C1662FDBBFD0FFD72FC63" blockId="7.[488,1460,712,923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2C1662FDBBFD0FFCF4FD18" bold="true" box="[518,871,712,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Morphometric relationships.</emphasis>
|
||||
Throughout development, the body varies from very long to long (8.5 to 15.20% of SL), and the eyes are small (14.45 to 22.66% of HL); the head is initially small but becomes moderate in the preflexion stage (15.68 to 20.09% of SL) (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FD05FCFFFC91FCA9" box="[696,770,824,849]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FD05FCFFFC91FCA9" box="[696,770,824,849]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299592" tableUuid="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The proportions of most morphometric variables increased with development, except for SnD/SL, SnL/HL, and SnA/SL, which decreased with development (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FD34FC44FD42FC63" box="[649,721,899,923]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FD34FC44FD42FC63" box="[649,721,899,923]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,198,193,213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,356,1372]" captionTargetId="graphics-120@5.[136,1459,739,1224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1 | Variables analyzed (mm), minimum values (Min), maximum values (Max), mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), and morphometric relationships (%) for Cynodon gibbus larvae. SL = standard length, HL = head length, SnL = snout length, ED = eye diameter, HD = head depth, BD = body depth, SnD = snout–dorsal fin distance, SnA = snout–anal fin distance, SnP = snout–pectoral fin distance, SnV = snout–pelvic fin distance, BDA = body depth toward the anus, AF = absent fin, NV = rays not visible or absents, n = number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299592" tableUuid="138253A23F2E1660FF35FF06FB6BFEBD">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4742032A3F2C1662FDBBFC09FCD8FB13" blockId="7.[488,1460,974,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7589DF383F2C1662FDBBFC09FCC5FC1E" bold="true" box="[518,854,974,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Body growth relationships.</emphasis>
|
||||
The depth of the head and the length of the snout tend to increase in proportion to HL and exhibited continuous linear growth (linear regression). The remaining growth relationships are better explained by the quadratic model and exhibit positive allometry, except for SnA/SL, which showed negative allometric growth, decreasing its distance to the snout during development (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FAC2FBA4FE6BFB59" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[488,550,1313,1333]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2 | Values of linear (L), quadratic (Q), and piecewise (S) regression analyses of morphometric variables in relation to head length (HL) and standard length (SL) ofCynodon gibbus larvae.R² = coefficient of determination. BM = best model. Values in bold represent a significant difference (p <0.05). HD/ HL = relationship between head depth and head length, BD/SL = relationship between body depth and standard length, HL/SL = relationship between head length and standard length, SnL/HL = relationship between snout length and head length, ED/HL = relationship between eye diameter and head length, SnA/SL = relationship between snout–anal fin distance and standard length, SnP/SL = relationship between snout–pectoral fin distance and standard length, n = number of individuals." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="0A7F36913F2C1662FAC2FBA4FE6BFB59" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[488,550,1313,1333]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2 | Values of linear (L), quadratic (Q), and piecewise (S) regression analyses of morphometric variables in relation to head length (HL) and standard length (SL) ofCynodon gibbus larvae.R² = coefficient of determination. BM = best model. Values in bold represent a significant difference (p <0.05). HD/ HL = relationship between head depth and head length, BD/SL = relationship between body depth and standard length, HL/SL = relationship between head length and standard length, SnL/HL = relationship between snout length and head length, ED/HL = relationship between eye diameter and head length, SnA/SL = relationship between snout–anal fin distance and standard length, SnP/SL = relationship between snout–pectoral fin distance and standard length, n = number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/138253A23F2C1662FE55FAE6FA95F9C3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299594" tableUuid="138253A23F2C1662FE55FAE6FA95F9C3">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2C1662FDBBFB4FFD1DFB59" box="[518,654,1160,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,209,1649,1669]" captionTargetBox="[142,1443,222,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-123@8.[136,1459,192,1625]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3 | Body ratios (mm) between head length and snout length (A); head length and eye diameter (B); head length and head depth (C); standard length and body depth (D); standard length and head length (E); standard length and distance from snout to pectoral fin (F); and standard length and distance from snout to anal fin (G) during the early development of Cynodon gibbus. Ysl = yolk-sac, Pre = preflexion, Fle = flexion, Pos = postflexion." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3A–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFC61FAF3F2C1662FDBBFB4FFD1DFB59" box="[518,654,1160,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,209,1649,1669]" captionTargetBox="[142,1443,222,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-123@8.[136,1459,192,1625]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3 | Body ratios (mm) between head length and snout length (A); head length and eye diameter (B); head length and head depth (C); standard length and body depth (D); standard length and head length (E); standard length and distance from snout to pectoral fin (F); and standard length and distance from snout to anal fin (G) during the early development of Cynodon gibbus. Ysl = yolk-sac, Pre = preflexion, Fle = flexion, Pos = postflexion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15299500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15299500/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3A–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The variables SnD/SL and SnV/SL were not tested due to the small number of individuals in which these variables were measured, making the application of regression models unfeasible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
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|
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