From 05a98f9752723c52dbdefa474eaee2369a83e5cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Thu, 21 Nov 2024 17:54:49 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-21 17:48:45 --- .../87/03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D.xml | 149 +++++ .../41/207F41EE6FAC57C7B508A4BA33BB9CD5.xml | 428 ++++++++++++++ .../E1/3565E11E010FFFE3FCD79A81FD64FE10.xml | 245 ++++++++ .../E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD79821FAB7FAF0.xml | 146 +++++ .../E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD799A1FBACF910.xml | 130 +++++ .../E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFF569F61FA7FFDB0.xml | 247 ++++++++ .../E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559901FC54FDD0.xml | 547 ++++++++++++++++++ .../E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559D81FEE5FC10.xml | 181 ++++++ .../E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559F81FD72FA90.xml | 147 +++++ 9 files changed, 2220 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/DD/87/03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D.xml create mode 100644 data/20/7F/41/207F41EE6FAC57C7B508A4BA33BB9CD5.xml create mode 100644 data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFE3FCD79A81FD64FE10.xml create mode 100644 data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD79821FAB7FAF0.xml create mode 100644 data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD799A1FBACF910.xml create mode 100644 data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFF569F61FA7FFDB0.xml create mode 100644 data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559901FC54FDD0.xml create mode 100644 data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559D81FEE5FC10.xml create mode 100644 data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559F81FD72FA90.xml diff --git a/data/03/DD/87/03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D.xml b/data/03/DD/87/03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5abb76be8cf --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DD/87/03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ + + + +Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae) + + + +Author + +Terblanche, Etienne + +text + + +Metamorphosis + + +2021 + +2021-07-02 + + +32 + + +1 + + +24 +27 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.4 + +journal article +305317 +10.4314/met.v32i1.4 +b5ec1859-445a-4d07-b1a9-0ba7a1fb9ad3 +2307-5031 +14118598 + + + + + + + +OBSERVATIONS + + + + + + + +During seven visits to the TL in December and +January 2020 +–2021, approximately five mating events were observed. Mating occurred strictly in grass tussocks that surround the loose rocks and extensive rock slabs where the larvae feed on crustose +Lichinaceae +( +Coetzer, 2015 +; + +Van der Walt +et al +., 2020 + +). Males persistently perched on grass stems at distances of between +5–15 cm +down from the tips. Here they rhythmically opened and closed their wings, displaying the bright black and orange patterns on their upper sides. + + +On each visit, individuals were present at distinct spots in the small breeding area which, currently, spans approximately +650 m +2 +( +Fig. 1 +). On arrival at the site, for instance, a first male or two were consistently found in the north-eastern extremity of the area, and females at the south-western extremity—the latter approximately +5 m +away from the adjacent montane forest known as Forest Glens. + + +During one of the observed mating events, the female led the pair up the grass stem for a distance of approximately +10 cm +upon disturbance, where they were partly screened by an unidentified maiden-hair fern ( +Figs 2 A & B +). The male followed by working his legs in reverse. The mating session of this pair was measured as lasting for at least 1 hr 38 min. The angle at which the male abdomen connected with that of the female in this pair was found to be tilted, with the point of connection distanced from the female abdomen’s posterior end ( +Figs 3 A & B +). + + + + +Figure 1 +– Google Earth polygon (shaded area) of TL breeding area of + +Alaena margaritacea + +; an area of about 650 m +2 +. + + + + +Figure 2 +– Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – female wafting her wings; B – pair moved to a position where they are screened by an unidentified fern. + + + + +Figure 3 +– Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – red arrow indicates tip of female abdomen; B – images showing the titled angle of copulation: C – close-up of Fig. 3B. + + + +Closer examination of a different, captured female specimen showed that the ostium bursa, that is, the vaginal orifice or opening, was partially covered by a shiny, sclerotized, button-like structure (Fig. 4). This structure is situated at a distance away from the posterior abdominal tip, which corresponds with the field observation of the tilted angle of copulation, as described above. This button-like structure was also observed in other living females at the TL (Fig. 5). + + +Figure 6 +– SEM micrograph of ostium bursa of + +A. margaritacea + +female. It is situated ventrally towards the posterior end of the abdomen. Note the hardened cup and the substance covering the orifice (image: W. Landman). + + + + +Figure 4 +– Abdomen of a female specimen. The red arrow points to the shiny black button-like structure situated at a relative distance away from the posterior tip (marked “p”). This button or sclerotized cup is part of the complex ostium bursa, which partially covers the vaginal orifice. + + + + +Figure 5 +– The red arrow points to the shiny black button ventrally at a distance away from the posterior tip of a living female abdomen. + + + +A SEM micrograph of this structure brought additional aspects into focus ( +Fig. 6 +). It is a cup that partially covers the vaginal orifice and opens into it. Inside this cup, external to or on top of the orifice, a folded substance is visible. Under a light microscope, where it was viewed prior to SEM, this substance appeared “waxy”. While preparing the specimen for SEM, Willie Landman made the same observation. The SEM micrograph shows that the substance is folded to create gaps that increase its volume. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/20/7F/41/207F41EE6FAC57C7B508A4BA33BB9CD5.xml b/data/20/7F/41/207F41EE6FAC57C7B508A4BA33BB9CD5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0948717e3bf --- /dev/null +++ b/data/20/7F/41/207F41EE6FAC57C7B508A4BA33BB9CD5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@ + + + +The Araceae of Sumatra I: A new species of Alocasia from Aceh, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Asih, Ni Putu Sri +0000-0002-4161-9235 +Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Erlinawati, Ina +0000-0002-4621-4456 +Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Yuzammi, +0000-0002-9637-9048 +Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia + + + +Author + +Hadiah, Julisasi Tri +0000-0002-5478-8118 +Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia + +text + + +PhytoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-11-21 + + +249 + + +223 +229 + + + +journal article +10.3897/phytokeys.249.133737 + + + + + +Alocasia roseus +Asih & Yuzammi + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 2 +, +Table 1 + + + + + +Type + + + +(prepared from a cultivated plant in a private nursery). + +Indonesia +• +Aceh +, +Aceh +Besar +, +Lhoknga +, +Desa Kueh +, +Kueh Kemukiman Keude Bieng +, +PSA 395 +( +holotype +BO +! [dried specimens and inflorescences in spirit]; +isotype +ANDA +!) (Fig. +2 +) + +. + + + + + + + +Alocasia roseus + +: +A +habit +B +adaxial leaf +C +abaxial leaf +D +petiole +E +inflorescence with spathe +F +inflorescence with the spathe removed showing the zonation of reproductive organs +G +female zone (♀) +H +sterile interstice zone (s) +I +male zone (♂) +J +appendix (a). (Photographed and edited by Ni Putu Sri Asih and Julisasi Tri Hadiah). + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +(Table +1 +). + + +Alocasia roseus + +is morphologically similar to + +A. flemingiana + +and + +A. arifolia + +from which it differs by having greyish green adaxial leaves and pale reddish to greenish purple or pale brownish green abaxial leaves, interprimary vein absent, sinus not naked, and pale pink appendix ( +vs. +mid-green to dark green adaxial and green-yellowish / paler abaxial leaves, forming poorly to conspicuous interprimary vein, sinus naked up to +3 cm +, and cream / pale apricot appendix). + + + + + + +Comparison of important diagnostic characters of + +Alocasia roseus + +, + +A. flemingiana + +and + +A. arifolia + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Diagnostic characters +Alocasia roseus + +Alocasia flemingiana +Alocasia arifolia
Bladeleathery, greyish green adaxially, reddish to greenish purple to pale brown greenish abaxiallymembranous, mid-green adaxially, yellowish green abaxiallymembranous to thinly coriaceous, somewhat glossy, dark / mid-green adaxially, paler abaxially
Venationnot forming interprimary collective veinsinterprimary veins absent or poorly differentiatedforming undulating to zig-zag interprimary collective veins
Glandsinconspicuous axillary glandsdistinct small flat glandsinconspicuous axillary glands
Sinusnot nakednaked for up to 1 cmnaked in the sinus for up to 3 cm
Constrictionat base of male zone or to half way along male zoneat top of sterile zone of spadixat sterile interstice
Spadixshorter than spathe, shortly stipitate for 2–4 mm long +somewhat shorter to almost as long as spathe, stipitate for +c. +5 mm + +almost as long as spathe, shortly stipitate, +c. +3 mm long +
Thecaeovertopped by synconnective, thecae opening by apical poressomewhat displaced to overtopped by synconnective, thecae opening through apical slitsovertopped by synconnective, thecae opening by apical pores
Appendixpale pink, gradually tapering to a blunt point, faintly irregularly channeledCream-coloured appendix, taperingpale apricot-coloured, somewhat constricted at base, slightly narrower than male zone, tapering toward a point
+ + + + +Description. + + +Small herb c. +55 cm +tall; +rhizome +erect; +leaves +several together; petiole +34–38 cm +long, pale dull green, glabrous, faintly mottled greenish, sheathing in the lower about 1 / 3 of its length, pale dull green; +blades +leathery, sagittate, greyish green adaxially, reddish to greenish purple to pale brown greenish abaxially, margin entire; +anterior lobe +12.8–14.4 cm +long, +9.7–11.6 cm +wide, the widest is base of anterior lobe, tip acuminate, +7 mm +long; anterior costa with 4–5 primary lateral veins on each side, proximal ones diverging at 76–96 ° on each side then running to submarginal vein, distal primary veins diverging at 40–45 ° on each side, primary vein prominent adaxially then forward to marginal becoming flush to lamina, prominent abaxially, with inconspicuous axillary glands, secondary and tertiary venation flush to lamina adaxially, rather prominent and conspicuous abaxially then running to conspicuous submarginal vein inserted c. +1.5 mm +from margin, interprimary collective veins absent; +posterior costae +diverging at 60–80 °, not naked in the sinus; +posterior lobes +acute, +6–7.2 cm +long; +inflorescences +soliter or in pair, subtended by green cataphylls and then dried at flower anthesis; +peduncle +to c. +14.6 cm +long, resembling petioles in colour and faintly mottled; +spathe +c. +9.7 cm +long; +lower spathe +ovoid, yellowish green, c. +2.3 cm +long, c. +1.8 cm +diam; +limb +lanceolate, yellow to greenish, erect then tilted 45 ° after 3 days, separated from the lower spathe by a constriction at the base of male flowers or at top sterile interstice (to the midpoint of the male zone); +spadix +shorter than the spathe, c. +7 cm +long, shortly stipitate, +2–4 mm +, whitish-green, cylindric; +female zone +cylindric, +0.9–1 cm +long, +0.9 cm +wide; +ovaries +subglobose, green, stigma raised on a style +0.5–1 mm +, conspicuously, (2 –) 3–4 - lobed, pale yellow; +sterile interstice +cream-coloured, not attenuate, +0.4–0.5 cm +long, narrower than male zone, with 4–5 whorls of rhomboid synandrodia; +male zone +cylindric, cream-coloured, +1.1–1.2 cm +long; synandria rhombohexagonal to somewhat irregular, with the synconnective overtopped the thecae; thecae opening by apical pores; +appendix +pale pink, gradually tapering to a blunt point, faintly irregularly channeled, +c +. +3.5–4.2 cm +long, slightly wider than the male zone; +fruit +unknown. + + + + +Distribution and habitat. + + +The species is only known from +Aceh +Besar, +Sumatra +Island. It grows on the hillside of the forest, in shade and humid areas. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet, +roseus +, is based on the pale pink appendix of the staminodes found in this new species. This color of the appendix is rarely found in the genus. + + + + +Conservation status. + + + +Alocasia roseus + +is known only from a single locality in the forest near Kueh Kemukiman Keude Bieng, Kueh Village, +Aceh +Besar Regency, +Aceh Province +, +Indonesia +. Since further populations could occur, we prefer to assess these species as Data Deficient ( +DD +) according to the +IUCN +Red List criteria (2022). + + + + +Notes. + + + +Alocasia roseus + +belongs to the informal group “ Macrorrhizos ” ( +sensu +Hay 1998 +) in view of the following showed characteristics: inflorescences in pairs, the spathe constriction aligning with the sterile interstice of the spadix, and the synconnective overtopping the thecae. This species is the second, besides + +A. balgooyi + +, in the Macrorrhizos group with no naked sinus in their posterior lobe. + +Alocasia roseus + +also has an appendix color that differs from other species in the Macrorrhizos group. Pink being a rare colour of appendix that is found only in + +A. melo + +and + +A. princeps +( +Hay 1998 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFE3FCD79A81FD64FE10.xml b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFE3FCD79A81FD64FE10.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e75e624174f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFE3FCD79A81FD64FE10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ + + + +A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers + + + +Author + +Appelhans, Marc S. +Michael J. Bayly, & Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle & Michael J. Bayly, & 37073 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Bayly, Michael J. +Margaret M. Heslewood, & School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia & Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701 + + + +Author + +Heslewood, Margaret M. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + + + +Author + +Groppo, Milton +Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14051 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil + + + +Author + +Verboom, G. Anthony +Paul I. Forster, & Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X + + + +Author + +Forster, Paul I. +Jacquelyn A. Kallunki & Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia + + + +Author + +Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. +& Marco F. Duretto & The Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 - 5126, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Duretto, Marco F. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + +text + + +TAXON + + +2021 + +2021-10-31 + + +70 + + +5 + + +1035 +1061 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12543 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.12543 +1996-8175 +14047401 + + + + +Subfam. + +Aurantioideae +Eaton + +[clade B p.p.]. + + + + +Genera [27/28]: + +Aegle + +, + +Aeglopsis + +, + +Afraegle + +, + +Atalantia + +, + +Balsamocitrus + +, + +Bergera + +, + +Burkillanthus + +, + +Citropsis + +, + +Citrus + +, + +Clausena + +, + +Feroniella + +, + +Glycosmis + +, + +Limnocitrus + +, + +Limonia + +, + +Luvunga + +, + +Merope + +, + +Merrillia + +, + +Micromelum + +, + +Monanthocitrus + +, + +Murraya + +, + +Naringi + +, + +Pamburus + +, + +Paramignya + +, + +Pleiospermium + +, [ + +Severinia + +], + +Swinglea + +, + +Triphasia + +, + +Wenzelia + +; Number of species: 206; Characteristics: Shrubs or trees or rarely woody lianas ( + +Luvunga + +); schizogenous oil glands present; +leaves alternate or spiral +, simple, unifoliolate or imparipinnate; +flowers +(3–) +4–5 +(–poly)-merous, +diplo- or polystemonous +( + +Glycosmis + +sometimes haplostemonous); +gynoecia syncarpous +, carpels 2 to many, ovules 1 to many per locule; + +fruits baccate, a berry or a hesperidium; endosperm lacking; base chromosome number +x += 9 + +. Range: Africa, Asia, Australasia. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD79821FAB7FAF0.xml b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD79821FAB7FAF0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ec030849b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD79821FAB7FAF0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ + + + +A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers + + + +Author + +Appelhans, Marc S. +Michael J. Bayly, & Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle & Michael J. Bayly, & 37073 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Bayly, Michael J. +Margaret M. Heslewood, & School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia & Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701 + + + +Author + +Heslewood, Margaret M. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + + + +Author + +Groppo, Milton +Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14051 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil + + + +Author + +Verboom, G. Anthony +Paul I. Forster, & Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X + + + +Author + +Forster, Paul I. +Jacquelyn A. Kallunki & Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia + + + +Author + +Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. +& Marco F. Duretto & The Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 - 5126, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Duretto, Marco F. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + +text + + +TAXON + + +2021 + +2021-10-31 + + +70 + + +5 + + +1035 +1061 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12543 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.12543 +1996-8175 +14047401 + + + + +Subfam. + +Haplophylloideae +Appelhans, Bayly, Heslewood, Groppo, Verboom, P.I.Forst., Kallunki & Duretto + +, + +sub-fam +. nov. + +[clade B p.p.] – + + + + +Type +: + +Haplophyllum + +A.Juss. + + + + +Genera [1]: + +Haplophyllum + +; Number of species: 66; Characteristics: +Perennial herbs or subshrubs; +schizogenous oil glands present; +leaves +alternate, +simple (rarely 3- to 5-parted); +flowers 5-merous, diplostemonous; +staminal filaments bearded within; +gynoecia joined at style, carpels 3–5, +ovules (1)2–4(–8) per locule; fruits dehiscent; +endosperm copious; + +base chromosome number +x += 9. + +Range: from the western Mediterranean and N and NE Africa, through Arabia and central Asia to +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD799A1FBACF910.xml b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD799A1FBACF910.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fcfcfa8fd7a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFCD799A1FBACF910.xml @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ + + + +A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers + + + +Author + +Appelhans, Marc S. +Michael J. Bayly, & Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle & Michael J. Bayly, & 37073 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Bayly, Michael J. +Margaret M. Heslewood, & School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia & Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701 + + + +Author + +Heslewood, Margaret M. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + + + +Author + +Groppo, Milton +Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14051 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil + + + +Author + +Verboom, G. Anthony +Paul I. Forster, & Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X + + + +Author + +Forster, Paul I. +Jacquelyn A. Kallunki & Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia + + + +Author + +Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. +& Marco F. Duretto & The Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 - 5126, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Duretto, Marco F. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + +text + + +TAXON + + +2021 + +2021-10-31 + + +70 + + +5 + + +1035 +1061 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12543 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.12543 +1996-8175 +14047401 + + + + +Subfam. + +Amyridoideae +Link + +[clade B p.p.]. + + + + +Genera [3]: + +Amyris + +, + +Cneoridium + +, + + +Stauranthus + +; + +Number of species: 42; Characteristics: Shrubs or trees; schizogenous oil glands present; leaves opposite or alternate, simple, unifoliolate or imparipinnate; flowers 3–5-merous, diplo- or haplostemonous; +gynoecia unicarpellate +, ovules 1–4; +fruits fleshy; +endosperm present or unknown; base chromosome number +x += 18. Range: the Americas. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFF569F61FA7FFDB0.xml b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFF569F61FA7FFDB0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ed3ce3320df --- /dev/null +++ b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E010FFFFCFF569F61FA7FFDB0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ + + + +A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers + + + +Author + +Appelhans, Marc S. +Michael J. Bayly, & Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle & Michael J. Bayly, & 37073 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Bayly, Michael J. +Margaret M. Heslewood, & School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia & Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701 + + + +Author + +Heslewood, Margaret M. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + + + +Author + +Groppo, Milton +Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14051 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil + + + +Author + +Verboom, G. Anthony +Paul I. Forster, & Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X + + + +Author + +Forster, Paul I. +Jacquelyn A. Kallunki & Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia + + + +Author + +Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. +& Marco F. Duretto & The Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 - 5126, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Duretto, Marco F. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + +text + + +TAXON + + +2021 + +2021-10-31 + + +70 + + +5 + + +1035 +1061 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12543 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.12543 +1996-8175 +14047401 + + + + + +Key to +subfamilies + + + + +The following key summarizes the subfamily classification and provides distinguishing morphological characters: + + + + + + +1. Gynoecium unicarpellate; androecium diplostemonous; leaves simple or pinnate; confined to the Americas…… ………………………………………… + +Amyridoideae + + + + + +1. Gynoecium of more than one carpel; if gynoecium unicarpellate then androecium haplostemonous ( + +Empleurum + +; S Africa), or leaves digitate ( + +Vepris + +; +Africa-Madagascar +to +India +); androecium haplo-, diplo- or polystemonous; leaves simple, pinnate or digitate; nearly cosmopolitan……………………………………………2 + + + + + + +2. Fruit syncarpous and baccate (either a typical berry or a hesperidium), sometimes with a woody or leathery pericarp; seeds lacking endosperm; androecium diplo- or polystemonous (sometimes haplostemonous in + +Glycosmis + +)………………………………… + +Aurantioideae + + + + + +2. Fruit apocarpous or syncarpous, mostly capsular, follicular, drupaceous or samaroid, if baccate, then seeds with endosperm ( + +Hortia + +) or androecium haplostemonous ( + +Casimiroa + +); seeds with or without endosperm; androecium haplo- or diplostemonous………………………3 + + + + + + +3. Perennial herbs or subshrubs with actinomorphic flowers (most taxa) or trees with loculicidal capsule with a central axis, winged seeds and 6–8 ovules per locule ( + +Chloroxylon + +)…………………………………………4 + + + + +3. Trees or shrubs with actinomorphic or zygomorphic flowers; rarely herbs with zygomorphic flowers ( + +Dictamnus + +, + +Ertela + +) or with 1 or 2 ovules per locule ( + +Boronia + +, +Cyanothamnus +); fruit not a loculicidal capsule with a central axis and winged seeds…………………………5 + + + + + + +4. Leaves simple (rarely 3- to 5-parted/divided); flowers 5-merous; staminal filaments bearded within; ovules (1) 2–4(–8) per locule………………… + +Haplophylloideae + + + +4. Leaves usually 3-foliate, pinnate or deeply and/or compoundly lobed, rarely simple ( + +Thamnosma + +) and then flowers 4-merous; flowers 4(5)-merous; staminal filaments not bearded within; ovules 4 to several per locule…… ……………………………………………… + +Rutoideae + + + + + + + +5. Secretory cavities in leaves absent or confined to leaf margin; staminal filaments often appendaged ( + +Dictyoloma + +, + +Harrisonia + +, + +Sohnreyia + +, + +Spathelia + +)…………… ………………………………………… + +Cneoroideae + + + + + +5. Secretory cavities usually present throughout leaves and other parts of the plant; staminal filaments not appendaged………………………………… + +Zanthoxyloideae + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559901FC54FDD0.xml b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559901FC54FDD0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c74db90f88b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559901FC54FDD0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,547 @@ + + + +A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers + + + +Author + +Appelhans, Marc S. +Michael J. Bayly, & Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle & Michael J. Bayly, & 37073 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Bayly, Michael J. +Margaret M. Heslewood, & School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia & Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701 + + + +Author + +Heslewood, Margaret M. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + + + +Author + +Groppo, Milton +Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14051 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil + + + +Author + +Verboom, G. Anthony +Paul I. Forster, & Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X + + + +Author + +Forster, Paul I. +Jacquelyn A. Kallunki & Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia + + + +Author + +Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. +& Marco F. Duretto & The Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 - 5126, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Duretto, Marco F. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + +text + + +TAXON + + +2021 + +2021-10-31 + + +70 + + +5 + + +1035 +1061 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12543 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.12543 +1996-8175 +14047401 + + + + +Subfam. + +Zanthoxyloideae +A.Juss. ex Arn. + +[clade C]. + + + + +Genera [109]: + +Acmadenia + +, + +Acradenia + +, + +Acronychia + +, + +Adenandra + +, + +Adiscanthus + +, + +Agathosma + +, + +Andreadoxa + +, + +Angostura + +, + +Apocaulon + +, + +Asterolasia + +, + +Balfourodendron + +, + +Boronia + +, + +Bosistoa + +, + +Bouchardatia + +, + +Brombya + +, + +Calodendrum + +, + +Casimiroa + +, + +Choisya + +, + +Conchocarpus + +, + +Chorilaena + +, + +Coatesia + +, + +Coleonema + +, + +Comptonella + +, + +Correa + +, + +Crossosperma + +, + +Crowea + +, +Cyanothamnus +, + +Decagonocarpus + +, + +Decatropis + +, + +Decazyx + +, + +Desmotes + +, + +Dictamnus + +, + +Dinosperma + +, + +Diosma + +, + +Diplolaena + +, + +Drummondita + +, + +Dryades + +, + +Dutailliopsis + +, + +Dutaillyea + +, + +Empleurum + +, + +Eriostemon + +, + +Ertela + +, + +Erythrochiton + +, + +Esenbeckia + +, + +Euchaetis + +, + +Euodia + +, + +Euxylophora + +, + +Fagaropsis + +, + +Flindersia + +, + +Galipea + +, + +Geijera + +, + +Geleznowia + +, + +Halfordia + +, + +Helietta + +, + +Hortia + +, + +Ivodea + +, + +Leionema + +, + +Leptothyrsa + +, + +Lubaria + +, + +Lunasia + +, + +Maclurodendron + +, + +Macrostylis + +, + +Medicosma + +, + +Megastigma + +, + +Melicope + +, + +Metrodorea + +, + +Microcybe + +, + +Muiriantha + +, + +Myrtopsis + +, + +Naudinia + +, + +Nematolepis + +, + +Neobyrnesia + +, + +Neoschmidea + +, + +Neoraputia + +, + +Orixa + +, + +Peltostigma + +, + +Perryodendron + +, + +Pentaceras + +, + +Phebalium + +, + +Phellodendron + +, + +Philotheca + +, + +Phyllosma + +, + +Picrella + +, + +Pilocarpus + +, + +Pitavia + +, + +Pitaviaster + +, + +Plethadenia + +, + +Polyaster + +, + +Ptelea + +, + +Raputia + +, + +Raputiarana + +, + +Rauia + +, + +Raulinoa + +, + +Ravenia + +, + +Raveniopsis + +, + +Rhadinothamnus + +, + +Rutaneblina + +, + +Sarcomelicope + +, + +Sheilanthera + +, + +Sigmatanthus + +, + +Skimmia + +, + +Spiranthera + +, + +Tetractomia + +, + +Tetradium + +, + +Ticorea + +, + +Toxosiphon + +, + +Vepris + +, + +Zanthoxylum + +, + +Zieria + +; Number of species: ca. 1700; Characteristics: Trees or shrubs, rarely subshrubs or herbs; schizogenous oil glands present; leaves alternate or opposite or rarely whorled, simple or variously compound; flowers (3–) +4–5 +(–poly)- merous, haplo- or diplostemonous; gynoecium syncarpous or fused at style, carpels 3–5 (or more), ovules 1 to several per locule; fruits dehiscent, drupaceous or baccate (rarely samaras or samaroids); endosperm lacking, scanty or copious; base chromosome number +x += 18. Range: temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres with major centers of diversity on southern continents. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559D81FEE5FC10.xml b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559D81FEE5FC10.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c5ca1ce2991 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559D81FEE5FC10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ + + + +A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers + + + +Author + +Appelhans, Marc S. +Michael J. Bayly, & Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle & Michael J. Bayly, & 37073 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Bayly, Michael J. +Margaret M. Heslewood, & School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia & Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701 + + + +Author + +Heslewood, Margaret M. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + + + +Author + +Groppo, Milton +Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14051 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil + + + +Author + +Verboom, G. Anthony +Paul I. Forster, & Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X + + + +Author + +Forster, Paul I. +Jacquelyn A. Kallunki & Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia + + + +Author + +Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. +& Marco F. Duretto & The Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 - 5126, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Duretto, Marco F. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + +text + + +TAXON + + +2021 + +2021-10-31 + + +70 + + +5 + + +1035 +1061 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12543 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.12543 +1996-8175 +14047401 + + + + +Subfam. + +Cneoroideae +Webb + +[clade A]. + + + + +Genera [8]: + +Bottegoa + +, + +Cedrelopsis + +, + +Cneorum + +, + +Dictyoloma + +, + +Harrisonia + +, + +Ptaeroxylon + +, + +Sohnreyia + +, + +Spathelia + +; Number of species: 35; Characteristics: Shrubs or trees; + +schizogenous oil glands absent or restricted to leaf margins ( + +Spathelia + +, + +Dictyoloma + +) + +; leaves alternate or opposite ( + +Ptaeroxylon + +), imparipinnate or paripinnate or simple ( + +Cneorum + +), +with oil cells, partial loss of secretary cavities; +flowers (3–)4- or 5-merous, + +haplo- or diplostemonous ( + +Harrisonia + +); gynoecia syncarpous, sometimes only by styles + +, carpels (3–)4 or 5, ovules 1–4 per locule; fruit a capsule, drupe or follicle; endosperm present or absent; base chromosome number +x += 18 ( + +Cneorum + +). Range: Central and South America, Africa, +Madagascar +, the western Mediterranean, the Canary Islands, SE Asia and N +Australia +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559F81FD72FA90.xml b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559F81FD72FA90.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dcddf920683 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/35/65/E1/3565E11E0110FFE3FF559F81FD72FA90.xml @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ + + + +A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers + + + +Author + +Appelhans, Marc S. +Michael J. Bayly, & Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle & Michael J. Bayly, & 37073 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Bayly, Michael J. +Margaret M. Heslewood, & School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia & Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701 + + + +Author + +Heslewood, Margaret M. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + + + +Author + +Groppo, Milton +Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14051 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil + + + +Author + +Verboom, G. Anthony +Paul I. Forster, & Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X + + + +Author + +Forster, Paul I. +Jacquelyn A. Kallunki & Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia + + + +Author + +Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. +& Marco F. Duretto & The Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 - 5126, U. S. A. + + + +Author + +Duretto, Marco F. +Milton Groppo, & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia + +text + + +TAXON + + +2021 + +2021-10-31 + + +70 + + +5 + + +1035 +1061 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12543 + +journal article +10.1002/tax.12543 +1996-8175 +14047401 + + + + +Subfam. + +Rutoideae +Arn. + +[clade B p.p.]. + + + + +Genera [5]: + +Boenninghausenia + +, + +Chloroxylon + +, + +Psilopeganum + +, + +Ruta + +, + +Thamnosma + +; Number of species: 20; Characteristics: + +Mainly perennial herbs or subshrubs, rarely trees ( + +Chloroxylon + +); + +schizogenous oil glands present; +leaves alternate +, simple or variously compound or deeply lobed; flowers 4- or 5-merous, usually diplostemonous; gynoecia syncarpous or fused at style, carpels 1–3, +ovules 4 to several per locule; fruits dehiscent; +endosperm copious; + +base chromosome number +x += 9 or 10. + +Range: temperate and tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere as well as southern Africa. + + + + \ No newline at end of file