From 04e4feae89373d2290ca20f683709ae6644a011c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2025 21:40:08 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-03-14 21:35:04 --- .../2E/4F4D2E5FFFF9FF8EFF26FF4B58F3FCE2.xml | 616 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 616 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/4F/4D/2E/4F4D2E5FFFF9FF8EFF26FF4B58F3FCE2.xml diff --git a/data/4F/4D/2E/4F4D2E5FFFF9FF8EFF26FF4B58F3FCE2.xml b/data/4F/4D/2E/4F4D2E5FFFF9FF8EFF26FF4B58F3FCE2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c1c0ff6da89 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/4F/4D/2E/4F4D2E5FFFF9FF8EFF26FF4B58F3FCE2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,616 @@ + + + +Aphanta asiatica sp. nov. (Orthogonacladiaceae, Rhodophyta), a new species from the Asia-Pacific region with the first description of reproductive structures in this genus + + + +Author + +Wang, Xulei +0000-0002-3106-1952 +Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China +15864731830@163.com + + + +Author + +Sun, Zhongmin +0000-0002-6094-7082 +Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China +zhmsun@hotmail.com + + + +Author + +Xia, Bangmei +0000-0002-2303-7530 +Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China +bmxia@qdio.ac.cn + + + +Author + +Wang, Guangce +0000-0001-9307-3994 +Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China +gcwang@qdio.ac.cn + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2020 + +2020-04-23 + + +440 + + +2 + + +159 +170 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.440.2.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.440.2.5 +1179-3163 +13872269 + + + + + +Aphanta asiatica +X.L. Wang, Z.M. Sun & G.C. Wang + +, + +sp. nov +. + +( +Figs 1–22 +) + + + + +Type:— + +CHINA +. +Hainan Province +: +Sanya City +, +Hongtang Bay +( +N: 18°18′08.85′′ +, +E: 109°15′56.77′′ +), +on subtidal rocks +, + +August 30, 2019 + +, +X.L. Wang +, +holotype + +SY94- +1 in + +AST +(Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China) + +, + +isotype +SY94-2 + +, + +paratypes +SY94-3 +, + + +CJ5-1 +, + + +CJ5-2 +, + + +CJ5-3 +, + + +SY134-1 +, + + +SY134-2 +, + + +SY134-3 +, + + +JPN-X5-1 +, + + +JPN-X5-2 +, + +and + +JPN-X5-3 + +. + + + + +FIGURES 1–9. +Vegetative structures of + +Aphanta asiatica + +. + + +Fig. 1. +Habit of holotype (SY94-1). Scale bar = 1 cm. + + +Fig. 2. +The prostrate system with robust, irregularly branched terete stolons bearing peg-like hapteron (arrow) (CJ5-1). Scale bar = 1 mm. + + + +Fig. 3 +. + +Several uprights arising from the main prostrate system (SY134-1). Scale bar = +1 mm +. + + + +Fig. 4 +. + +Uprights sometimes anastomosed to the stolon by a short cylinder (arrow), and a single upright arising from the stolon without a dorsal hapteron (arrowhead) (SY94-1). Scale bar = +1 mm +. + + + +Fig. 5 +. + +Young cordate branches arising from the axis with obvious basal constrictions (SY94-1). Scale bar = 500 μm. + + + +Fig. 6 +. + +Lanceolate or ligulate branches with obvious basal constrictions (SY94-1). Scale bar = +1 mm +. + + + +Fig. 7 +. + +An emarginate apex of a branch (JPN-X5-1). Scale bar = 50 μm. + + + +Fig. 8 +. + +Transverse section of axis, showing outer cortical layers (C), inner medulla (M), and abundant rhizoidal filaments (rf, arrow) congested in the inner cortex and distal ends and sparely distributed in the medulla (CJ5-1). Scale bar = 40 μm. + + + +Fig. 9 +. + +Longitudinal section of the node (stolon) connecting the upper axis and lower hapteron (the main hapteron) showing an appearance of a ‘reverse bouquet’, with initial coalesced rhizoidal filaments corticated (arrowhead) and then separated into several non-corticated bundles (arrow), and many floridean starch grains observed in the medullary cells (fsg, arrow) (CJ5-1). Scale bar = 100 μm. + + + + +FIGURES 10–14. +Longitudinal sections of haptera and external views of tetrasporangial sporophyll. + + +Fig. 10. +Longitudinal section of a commonly observed stolon and hapteron, showing a non-corticated cylindrical hapteron (arrowhead) and the present of floridean starch grains in the medullary cells (fsg, arrow) (SY134-1). Scale bar = 100 μm. + + +Fig. 11. +Longitudinal section of a stolon bearing a corticated peg-like hapteron (arrowhead) (CJ5-1). Note the stolon comprised cortical layers (C) and inner medulla (M) with floridean starch grains inside the medullary cells (fsg, arrow). Abundant coalesced rhizoidal filaments (rf, arrow) were issuing from cortical cells and running parallel till the tip (rf, arrowhead) Scale bar = 100 μm. + + +Fig. 12. +A tetrasporangial sorus (arrow) on the distal end of a branchlet (SY94-1). Scale bar = 500 μm. + + +Fig. 13. +Surface view of the tetrasporangial sorus on the distal end of an axis (SY94-1). Scale bar = 200 μm. + + +Fig. 14. +Enlargement of the surface view of a tetrasporangial sorus with tetrasporangia irregularly arranged and cruciately divided (arrowheads) (SY94-1). Scale bar = 100 μm. + + + + +FIGURES 15–22. +Reproductive structures of + +Aphanta asiatica + +and field plants. + + +Fig. 15. +Cross-section of a tetrasporangial sorus (SY94-1), showing immature tetrasporangia (arrowheads) in the cortex. Scale bar = 50 μm. + + +Fig. 16. +A spermatangial sporophyll on the distal end of a branchlet (SY134-1). Scale bar = 1 mm. + + +Fig. 17. +A spermatangial sporophyll with a sterile margin (SY134-1). Scale bar = 400 μm. + + +Fig. 18. +Surface view of a spermatangial sporophyll showing distinct cell appearances (arrowheads) between sorus and the margin (SY134- 1). Scale bar = 20 μm. + + +Fig. 19. +Cross-section of a spermatangial sorus (SY134-1), showing tiny spermatangia (arrowhead) cut off from the outer cortical cells. Scale bar = 20 μm. + + +Fig. 20. +Field plants of + +A. asiatica + +growing on rocks in the subtidal zone. + + +Fig. 21. +A clump of thalli collected from Hongtang Bay, Sanya City, Hainan Island, China. Scale bar = 2 cm. + + +Fig. 22. +Plants growing on the higher rocks in the intertidal zone usually become pale and dead when exposed to the sun. + + + + +Thalli were 1.8–3.0 cm high, purple-red, comprising a prostrate system and erect fronds ( +Fig. 1 +). The prostrate system comprised robust, irregularly branched terete stolons bearing peg-like haptera ( +Fig. 2 +). Stolons were 439.7–1,045.5 μm in diameter with a mean of 711.4 μm. Several uprights sometimes corresponded to the main hapteron on the dorsal side ( +Fig. 3 +), and a single upright usually developed from the stolon without a dorsal hapteron ( +Fig. 4 +). Uprights were sometimes anastomosed to the stolon by very short (~ +1 mm +long) cylinders ( +Fig. 4 +), resulting in the fronds being interweaved. Erect axes were lanceolate or ligulate, flattened, +1.4–3.9 mm +wide with a mean of 2.0 mm, and 145.0–370.4 μm thick with a mean of 230.8 μm. Young branches were cordate ( +Fig. 5 +), becoming lanceolate or ligulate when mature, with obvious basal constrictions ( +Fig. 6 +). Branches were subpinnate to pinnate or lateral in a regular or irregular pattern, with one to two orders ( +Fig. 6 +). The apex of branches was usually emarginate ( +Fig. 7 +). + + +Cross-sections of the central axis showed ovate or elongate cortical cells of two to three layers, and round, angular, or elongate medullary cells ( +Fig. 8 +). The rhizoidal filaments were grouped at the two distal ends of each axis and on the inner cortex, but were sparsely distributed in the medulla ( +Fig. 8 +). The outermost cortical cells were regularly arranged, 3.8–8.5 × 1.6–5.4 μm, with a mean of 5.9 × 2.9 μm, whereas the inner cortical cells were arranged loosely, 4.3–14.1 × 2.1–8.8 μm with a mean of 7.8 × 3.8 μm. Medullary cells were uneven in size (17.6–36.3 × 12.3–26.1 μm, with a mean of 26.7 × 17.5 μm). The rhizoidal filaments were round in transection, and 2.9–4.3 μm in diameter, with a mean of 3.7 μm. + + +Three different forms were observed in the longitudinal sections of stolons and haptera ( +Figs 9–11 +). The section of the node (stolon) connecting the upper axis and the lower hapteron (the main hapteron) resembled a reverse bouquet in appearance with the initial coalesced rhizoidal filaments corticated and then separated into several non-corticated bundles ( +Fig. 9 +). Many floridean starch grains were observed in the medullary cells of the stolon ( +Fig. 9 +). Another section showed a cylinder-type attachment with rhizoidal filaments coalesced and non-corticated ( +Fig. 10 +). Many floridean starch grains were also observed in the medullary cells of the stolon ( +Fig. 10 +). The third +form was +a peg-like attachment with rhizoidal filaments coalesced and corticated in a usual way, although the distal end was non-corticated ( +Fig. 11 +). Rhizoidal filaments were grouped in the inner cortex of the stolon and floridean starch grains were also observed in the medullary cells ( +Fig. 11 +). Rhizoidal filaments of the hapteron issued from inner cortical cells and were arranged longitudinally ( +Fig. 11 +). + + +A tetrasporangial sorus was borne on the terminal end of each branchlet or axis ( +Figs 12, 13 +), irregularly arranged and cruciately divided on surface view ( +Figs 13, 14 +). Tetrasporangia developed from the inner cortical cells, surrounded by abnormal cells ( +Fig. 15 +). A spermatangial sorus was also borne on the terminal part of each branchlet ( +Fig. 16 +), forming a pale patch with a sterile margin ( +Figs 17, 18 +). The spermatangia were cut off from surface cortical cells ( +Fig. 19 +). Female thalli were not observed. + + +Morphological comparisons with other + +Aphanta +species + +are provided in +Table 2 +. + + + + +TABLE 2. +Morphological comparisons of + +Aphanta asiatica + +with other + +Aphanta +species. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Characters +A. asiatica +(mean value) + +A. ligulata + + +A. pachyrrhiza + +
Height (cm)1.8–3.0 (2.0)3.53.5
Width (mm)1.4–3.9 (2.0)up to 31.5–2.0 (–2.8)
Thickness (μm)145.0–370.4 (230.8)100–120400–500
Axis shapelanceolate, ligulateligulatelanceolate, ligulate
Branchingsubpinnate to pinnate or secund, up to two orderssimpledistichous irregular to pinnate, opposite to subopposite, up to three orders
Apexemarginatewedge-shapedemarginate
Prostrate systemrobust, branched and stoloniferous, with uncorticated or corticated peg-like hapteraless robustrobust and stoloniferous, with uncorticated peg-like haptera
Stolon diameter (μm)440.0–1045.5 (711.4)——up to 1000
Outer cortical cell size (μm)3.8–8.5 × 1.6–5.4 (5.9 × 2.9)5.0–12.07.0–9.5 × 4.0–5.5
Inner cortical cell size (μm)4.3–14.1 × 2.1–8.8 (7.8 × 3.8)10–158.0–14.5 × 6.0–12.0
Rhizoidal filamentsabundant in the innerin bundles in the medullaabundant in the inner
cortex, scattered in the medullacortex, scattered in the medulla
Position of fertile tissueapical of branches————
ReferencesThis study + +Huisman +et al. +2018 + + +Tronchin & Freshwater 2007 +
+ + + +Distribution and Habitat:— + +Aphanta asiatica + +is currently known from +Hainan +Island, +China +and Shirahama, +Wakayama +City, +Japan +. It grows on lower subtidal rocks or rocks at a depth of ~ +3 m +( +Fig. 20 +), usually forming turfs ( +Fig. 21 +). Thalli growing on higher rocks usually become pale and dead when exposed to the sun ( +Fig. 22 +). The tetrasporophytes and male plants were collected during late August and early October. + + + +Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to its current geographical distributions, namely Asian waters. + + + +Molecular analyses of COI-5P and plastid +rbc +L sequences:—Nine COI-5P and nine +rbc +L sequences were generated from nine + +A. asiatica + +specimens in the present study. Eight COI-5P sequences were identical and only one sequence differed from the other sequences by only one base pair (bp). Interspecific divergences between + +A. asiatica + +and + +A. pachyrrhiza + +ranged from 10.4% to 10.6% (57–58 bp), and divergences between + +A. asiatica + +and + +A. ligulata + +ranged from 20.6% to 21.3% (112–116 bp). In +rbc +L, intraspecific divergences of + +A. asiatica + +varied from 0 to 1.4% (0–17 bp). Interspecific divergences between + +A. asiatica + +and the other two + +Aphanta +species + +ranged from 3.0% to 3.3% ( + +A. pachyrrhiza + +), and 9.8% to 10.1% ( + +A. ligulata + +). In both the COI-5P and +rbc +L trees, + +A. asiatica + +formed a clade and clustered with + +A. pachyrrhiza + +with full support (1.0 BI/100% ML for COI-5P, 1.0 BI /100% ML for +rbc +L) ( +Figs 23 +, +24 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file