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<mods:title id="CA2C80250344D6FB3337EC76A5F0C7A4">The original description of Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1819 and its nomenclatural implication on the genus Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 (Squamata: Agamidae)</mods:title>
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The original description of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF9999ACA48AC07462D7" ID-CoL="65K35" authority="Merrem, 1819" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[492,886,978,1005]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF9999ACA48AC1BC62D6" bold="true" box="[492,702,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0911FF999A85A48AC07462D7" author="Merrem, B." box="[709,886,978,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem, 1819</bibRefCitation>
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In contrast to the comparatively short diagnosis in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0911FF999A9FA342C08F650E" author="Merrem, B." box="[735,909,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" refId="ref14083" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis ampibiorum. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, xv + 191 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5037" type="book" year="1820">Merrem (1820)</bibRefCitation>
and the short statement mentioned above, the species is described on pp. 165 (right column) and 166 (left column) in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0911FF999BE5A366C74D6562" author="Merrem, B." box="[933,1103,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
in more detail [our translation from German]:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0911FF9998B2A3F2C09B663E" blockId="9.[242,1346,1195,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
“
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF9998BEA3F2C2C265FF" box="[254,448,1195,1221]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF9998BEA3F2C2C265FF" box="[254,448,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Goitrus
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999A6BA3F2C18265FE" box="[555,640,1195,1221]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Agama</taxonomicName>
. Seba Thes. I. tab. 89. fig. 1. 2. Linné and later Lacepède and Daudin list this illustration as
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999A0DA396C1F965D2" box="[589,763,1231,1257]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF999A0DA396C1F965D2" box="[589,763,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Agama Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, with much confidence I can state that it belongs to another, by no systematicist listed species, as I had both specimens illustrated by Seba [at my disposal] from the collection of the Graf von Borcke and have described [them]. It differs from the
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999918A262C2AC646E" box="[344,430,1339,1365]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF999918A262C2AC646E" box="[344,430,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Calotes</emphasis>
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agama by a stronger goitre [gular pouch], by the absence of spines on the occiput, by keeled scales [that are] directed backwards on the plate [top] of the head and by dorsal scales directed downwards and backwards, as well as their considerably sized scales and their keeled ventral scales from the true agama (
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999AC0A2FEC01A64FA" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[640,792,1447,1473]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colonorum">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF999AC0A2FEC01A64FA" box="[640,792,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">A. colonorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[now
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999B1FA2FEC70364FB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[863,1025,1447,1473]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agama">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF999B1FA2FEC70364FB" box="[863,1025,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Agama agama</emphasis>
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]). A gular fold is not present and the pouch, formed by the throat, extends onto the chest, and is compressed like in the iguana. That it appears thick and convex in Seba’s first figure results from cloth that it was stuffed with. The body is triangular and the back sharp; across it runs a row of soft, tooth-like blades, that are longest on the neck and continuously decrease in size towards the base of the tail and disappear on the tail itself. The colour of
<specimenCount id="E5D770A30911FF9999A2A102C17C674E" box="[482,638,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
is light blue, that of the other grey, both underneath whitish. Whitish spots form on both sides and the legs more or less distinctive parts of irregular bands. The length is 19 Zoll, of which 15 Zoll is contributed by the tail. Teeth are moderately large, pyramidal, slightly compressed and differ from other agamids studied by me through a small tooth on each side not far from the root. According to Seba it inhabits
<collectingCountry id="8BC6FBBA0911FF999B71A1B2C08E663E" box="[817,908,1771,1797]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0911FF999887A06AC7C466AE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1843,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
Not only is the description in
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much shorter, he also changed his taxonomic approach and considered
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999958A00EC265664A" box="[280,359,1879,1905]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF999958A00EC265664A" box="[280,359,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Agama</emphasis>
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as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999A6DA00EC181664A" box="[557,643,1879,1905]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF999A6DA00EC181664A" box="[557,643,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, he renamed the species as “
<emphasis id="C1A567380911FF999C2CA00EC68A664B" box="[1132,1416,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999C2CA00EC7C0664A" box="[1132,1218,1879,1905]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Calotes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90911FF999C88A00EC68A664B" box="[1224,1416,1879,1905]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">Agama gutturosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
”. As
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precedes
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0911FF999999A022C18766AE" author="Merrem, B." box="[473,645,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" refId="ref14083" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis ampibiorum. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, xv + 191 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5037" type="book" year="1820">Merrem (1820)</bibRefCitation>
this action does not pose a nomenclatural problem.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A98D7A7CEC100618A" bold="true" box="[151,514,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Nomenclatural consequences</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0912FF9A98D7A7B9C6536026" blockId="10.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
In an attempt to stabilise the nomenclature surrounding
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9B50A786C09861C2" box="[784,922,223,249]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9B50A786C09861C2" box="[784,922,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9B92A786C76661C2" box="[978,1124,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. cristatella</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9C33A786C62B61C2" author="Figueroa, A." box="[1139,1321,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
discussed the matter on the incorrect assumption that
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and
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9B20A65AC0EB6026" author="Kuhl, H." box="[864,1001,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref13590" refString="Kuhl, H. (1820) Beitrage zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Erste Abtheilung. Hermannschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt, (ii) + 151 + (1) pp., 7 pls." type="journal volume" year="1820">Kuhl (1820)</bibRefCitation>
were published simultaneously.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0912FF9A9887A67EC17A6322" blockId="10.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
First, it must be acknowledged that
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9A16A671C000607A" author="Merrem, B." box="[598,770,295,322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
based his description on only
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, namely those that came from Seba’s collection. This contrasts with his 1820 description where he listed further illustrations and descriptions that would typically constitute additional
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and were treated as such by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9CDAA636C65060B2" author="Figueroa, A." box="[1178,1362,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
. In his analysis,
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A98BEA6CAC2B06096" author="Figueroa, A." box="[254,434,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
designated a
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9A08A6CAC1AD6096" box="[584,687,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
from what he considered the
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9BB5A6CDC74E6095" box="[1013,1100,404,430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9CF5A6CAC63F6096" box="[1205,1341,403,429]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9CF5A6CAC63F6096" box="[1205,1341,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely Seba pl. 89 fig. 1,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9924A6E1C10860EA" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[356,522,439,465]" class="Squamata" family="Iguanidae" genus="Iguana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9924A6E1C10860EA" box="[356,522,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Iguana calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9A58A6EEC1F660EA" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[536,756,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref13627" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) N. S. Sonnini de Manoncourt and P. A. Latreille. Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles, avec Figures Dessinnees d'apres Nature. Vol. 1. Deterville, Paris, i - xx + 1 - 280." type="book chapter" year="1802">Latreille 1802: 260</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1 on plate facing p. 260 [now
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C3BA6EEC68060EA" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[1147,1410,439,465]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C3BA6EEC68060EA" box="[1147,1410,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]); Seba pl. 89 fig. 2 [considered by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9A51A682C1C560CE" author="Figueroa, A." box="[529,711,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
to represent
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9B1CA682C70A60CE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[860,1032,475,501]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9B1CA682C70A60CE" box="[860,1032,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C0AA682C7F260CE" box="[1098,1264,475,501]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C0AA682C7F260CE" box="[1098,1264,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9D40A682C69A60CE" author="Daudin, F. M." box="[1280,1432,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="29 - 45" refId="ref12247" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des reptiles; Ouvrage faisant suite aux Oeuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du cours complet d'histoire naturelle redige par C. S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs societes savantes. Tome Troisieme. F. Dufart, Paris, 452 pp., pls. 29 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 70894" type="book chapter" year="1802">Daudin 1802</bibRefCitation>
: vol. III, 361, pl. 43 [now
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A99F2A6A6C15C6322" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[434,606,511,537]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A99F2A6A6C15C6322" box="[434,606,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0912FF9A9887A57AC64063C9" blockId="10.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9887A57AC27F6306" author="Figueroa, A." box="[199,381,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
designated the same figure (
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9AFFA57AC04B6306" author="Seba, A." box="[703,841,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
pl. 89 fig. 1) as
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9C42A57AC7766306" box="[1026,1140,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
for both
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C9CA57AC66F6306" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[1244,1389,547,573]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C9CA57AC66F6306" box="[1244,1389,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A98D7A51EC223635A" box="[151,289,583,609]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A98D7A51EC223635A" box="[151,289,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9929A51EC2D2635A" box="[361,464,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation complies with Art. 74 of the
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9BE5A51EC0E2635A" box="[933,992,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Code</emphasis>
and cannot normally be undone as Art. 74.1.1 states that “no later designation of a
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9AC1A532C1EA63BE" box="[641,744,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
has any validity”. But our discovery of an earlier publication puts his actions into question. Art. 72.1.1. of the
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9AF5A5D6C1F26392" box="[693,752,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Code</emphasis>
defines the type series as “all specimens on which the author established a nominal species-group taxon”.As
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9AE5A5EAC05B63F6" author="Figueroa, A." box="[677,857,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
was referring to “
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C5DA5EAC77163F6" box="[1053,1139,691,717]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C5DA5EAC77163F6" box="[1053,1139,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C37A5EAC3D363CA" authority="Merrem, 1820" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C37A5EAC63463F6" box="[1143,1334,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9D7BA5EDC3D363CA" author="Merrem, B." pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14083" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis ampibiorum. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, xv + 191 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5037" type="book" year="1820">Merrem, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
” and not to the original publication, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9ADDA58EC70A63CA" authority="Merrem, 1819" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[669,1032,727,754]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9ADDA58EC05F63CA" box="[669,861,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9B25A581C70A63CA" author="Merrem, B." box="[869,1032,727,754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem, 1819</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, this has two consequences:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0912FF9A98B2A446C29962F2" blockId="10.[242,1345,799,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
1.
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A994DA446C2CF6202" author="Figueroa, A." box="[269,461,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa’s (2021)</bibRefCitation>
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9993A446C1346202" box="[467,566,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation for
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9AA5A446C06B6202" box="[741,873,799,825]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9AA5A446C06B6202" box="[741,873,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9B37A446C0EC6202" author="Seba, A." box="[887,1006,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba 1734</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 89 fig. 1) becomes invalid. 2. The illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A99A8A41AC18F6266" box="[488,653,835,861]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A99A8A41AC18F6266" box="[488,653,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9ADBA41AC0306266" author="Daudin, F. M." box="[667,818,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="29 - 45" refId="ref12247" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des reptiles; Ouvrage faisant suite aux Oeuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du cours complet d'histoire naturelle redige par C. S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs societes savantes. Tome Troisieme. F. Dufart, Paris, 452 pp., pls. 29 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 70894" type="book chapter" year="1802">Daudin 1802</bibRefCitation>
: vol. III, 361, pl. 43) [now
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C1EA41AC60B6266" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1118,1289,835,861]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C1EA41AC60B6266" box="[1118,1289,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A98B2A431C18E62BA" authority="(Latreille 1802: 260)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityPageNumber="260" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[242,652,871,897]" class="Squamata" family="Iguanidae" genus="Iguana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A98B2A431C29A62BA" box="[242,408,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Iguana calotes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A99E8A43EC18762BA" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[424,645,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref13627" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) N. S. Sonnini de Manoncourt and P. A. Latreille. Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles, avec Figures Dessinnees d'apres Nature. Vol. 1. Deterville, Paris, i - xx + 1 - 280." type="book chapter" year="1802">Latreille 1802: 260</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[now
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9A96A43EC0DC62BA" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[726,990,871,897]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9A96A43EC0DC62BA" box="[726,990,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] were not explicitly mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9955A4D5C2C3629E" author="Merrem, B." box="[277,449,907,934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
and therefore do not qualify as
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9B67A4D5C08F629D" box="[807,909,908,934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. Consequently, they lose their status as
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A98B2A4F6C29562F2" box="[242,407,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0912FF9A9887A4A1C7FC65FD" blockId="10.[151,1437,1015,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
In the earlier work,
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A99DBA4A1C140652A" author="Merrem, B." box="[411,578,1015,1042]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
also listed “Seba Thes.[aurus] I tab. 89 fig. 1” under
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C3BA4AEC634652A" box="[1147,1334,1015,1041]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C3BA4AEC634652A" box="[1147,1334,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such that it qualifies as a
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9904A345C29E650D" box="[324,412,1052,1078]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, but he clearly described the specimen in figure
<quantity id="342916CF0912FF9A9BEEA342C0DA650E" box="[942,984,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
more detail. Already, Seba’s illustrations are unambiguously showing different species. The specimen in fig. 1 does not have a dorsal crest (see also
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9D5BA319C6966562" author="Kaup, J." box="[1307,1428,1087,1114]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="610 - 625" refId="ref13494" refString="Kaup, J. (1827) Zoologische Monographien. Isis von Oken, 20 (6 - 7), 610 - 625." type="journal article" year="1827">Kaup 1827</bibRefCitation>
) and represents
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A997CA33DC2C86546" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[316,458,1123,1149]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A997CA33DC2C86546" box="[316,458,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">B. cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; whereas the specimen in fig. 2 has a well-developed dorsal crest and does not represent
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A98D7A3D1C227659A" authorityName=", Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[151,293,1159,1185]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A98D7A3D1C227659A" box="[151,293,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">B. cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9973A3D1C2D9659A" author="Merrem, B." box="[307,475,1159,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
stated that he had both of Seba’s specimens on hand and gives the colouration for both. Therefore, although they may represent two different taxa, both specimens have the status of
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9CD7A3F5C7F965FD" box="[1175,1275,1196,1222]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0912FF9A9887A389C21864FA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1015,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
To clarify the situation and to stabilise nomenclature, we hereby designate the illustration from
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9D54A396C69A65D2" author="Seba, A." box="[1300,1432,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734</bibRefCitation>
, plate 89 figure 2) as the
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A99E5A3AAC10E6436" box="[421,524,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9A70A3AAC0946436" authority="Merrem, 1819" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[560,918,1267,1294]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9A70A3AAC1F26436" box="[560,752,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9AB7A3ADC0946436" author="Merrem, B." box="[759,918,1267,1294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem, 1819</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
according to Art. 74.1 of the
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C9EA3AAC61B6436" box="[1246,1305,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Code</emphasis>
(see
<figureCitation id="6BEAA7AF0912FF9A9D13A3AAC3A6640A" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. The original illustrations from Seba (1734). Upper panel: Lectotype of Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820. Lower panel: Lectotype of Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1819." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757737/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Through our
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9911A24EC2BA640A" box="[337,440,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation for
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9A30A24EC0DE640A" authority="Merrem, 1819" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[624,988,1303,1330]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9A30A24EC033640A" box="[624,817,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9B78A241C0DE640A" author="Merrem, B." box="[824,988,1303,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem, 1819</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9CE0A24EC639640A" author="Seba, A." box="[1184,1339,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba’s (1734)</bibRefCitation>
plate 89 figure 1 becomes a
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9938A262C10D646E" box="[376,527,1339,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
and has no longer any name-bearing function. Consequently,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C93A262C2196442" authority="Kuhl, 1820" authorityName="Kuhl" authorityYear="1820" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C93A262C69F646E" box="[1235,1437,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama cristatella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A98D7A206C2196442" author="Kuhl, H." box="[151,283,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref13590" refString="Kuhl, H. (1820) Beitrage zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Erste Abtheilung. Hermannschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt, (ii) + 151 + (1) pp., 7 pls." type="journal volume" year="1820">Kuhl, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, whose
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9939A206C2E26442" box="[377,480,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is the specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9A83A206C0626442" author="Seba, A." box="[707,864,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba’s (1734)</bibRefCitation>
plate 89 figure 1 (
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9C7AA206C7E76442" author="Figueroa, A." box="[1082,1253,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa 2021</bibRefCitation>
), is not a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9962A2DAC18B64A6" authority="Merrem, 1819" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[290,649,1411,1438]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9962A2DAC2E064A6" box="[290,482,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A99A9A2DDC18B64A6" author="Merrem, B." box="[489,649,1411,1438]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem, 1819</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the currently accepted name
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9BBFA2DAC69E64A6" authority="(Kuhl, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1023,1436,1411,1437]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9BBFA2DAC60464A6" box="[1023,1286,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela cristatella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9D54A2DAC69664A6" author="Kuhl, H." box="[1300,1428,1411,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref13590" refString="Kuhl, H. (1820) Beitrage zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Erste Abtheilung. Hermannschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt, (ii) + 151 + (1) pp., 7 pls." type="journal volume" year="1820">Kuhl, 1820</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
can prevail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0912FF9A9887A292C1666682" blockId="10.[151,1437,1015,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9887A292C28264DE" author="Figueroa, A." box="[199,384,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
also relied on
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9A74A292C00064DE" author="Fitzinger, L." box="[564,770,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref12976" refString="Fitzinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Braumuller et Seidel, Vindobonae [Vienna], 106 + (vi) + 3 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger’s (1843)</bibRefCitation>
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9B4DA295C03F64DD" box="[781,829,1484,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
species designation, who he considered as the First Reviser, and designated
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A99E4A2B6C1D36732" authority="Merrem, 1820" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" box="[420,721,1519,1546]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A99E4A2B6C12E6732" box="[420,556,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9A72A2A9C1D36732" author="Merrem, B." box="[562,721,1519,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14083" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis ampibiorum. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, xv + 191 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5037" type="book" year="1820">Merrem, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9B5BA2A9C0496731" box="[795,843,1520,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9B85A2B6C7DF6732" authority="Kaup, 1827" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[965,1245,1519,1546]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9B85A2B6C7516732" box="[965,1107,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9C19A2A9C7DF6732" author="Kaup, J." box="[1113,1245,1519,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="610 - 625" refId="ref13494" refString="Kaup, J. (1827) Zoologische Monographien. Isis von Oken, 20 (6 - 7), 610 - 625." type="journal article" year="1827">Kaup, 1827</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9CA7A2B6C69E6732" author="Fitzinger, L." box="[1255,1436,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref12976" refString="Fitzinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Braumuller et Seidel, Vindobonae [Vienna], 106 + (vi) + 3 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger (1843)</bibRefCitation>
divided the genus into three subgenera (
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9A25A14AC1F16716" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[613,755,1555,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9A25A14AC1F16716" box="[613,755,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9B43A14AC0846716" box="[771,902,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lophodeira">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9B43A14AC0846716" box="[771,902,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Lophodeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9B81A14AC7616716" box="[961,1123,1555,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Pseudocalotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9B81A14AC7616716" box="[961,1123,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Pseudocalotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). He included
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9D50A14AC69E6716" box="[1296,1436,1555,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9D50A14AC69E6716" box="[1296,1436,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9886A16EC25C676A" box="[198,350,1591,1617]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9886A16EC25C676A" box="[198,350,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9A58A16EC1A4676A" box="[536,678,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bronchocela">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9A58A16EC1A4676A" box="[536,678,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by redefining the original genus diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9CE4A16EC630676A" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[1188,1330,1591,1617]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9CE4A16EC630676A" box="[1188,1330,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such that
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A98D7A102C22B674E" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[151,297,1627,1653]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A98D7A102C22B674E" box="[151,297,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was excluded. The latter was placed in the newly defined subgenus
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C75A102C7BA674E" box="[1077,1208,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lophodeira">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C75A102C7BA674E" box="[1077,1208,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Lophodeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9D77A102C20C67A1" author="Fitzinger, L." pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref12976" refString="Fitzinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Braumuller et Seidel, Vindobonae [Vienna], 106 + (vi) + 3 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger (1843: 15)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A99D1A126C11967A2" box="[401,539,1663,1689]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A99D1A126C11967A2" box="[401,539,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the “
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9A33A126C1BE67A2" box="[627,700,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Typus</typeStatus>
” of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9AADA126C07967A2" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[749,891,1663,1689]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9AADA126C07967A2" box="[749,891,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this nomenclatural action is questionable if not invalid. According to Art. 69.4 of the
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9A01A1FAC17E6786" box="[577,636,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Code</emphasis>
, “Fixation by elimination” is excluded, i.e., “elimination of all but one of the originally included nominal species from a nominal genus or subgenus does not in itself constitute
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9D2CA191C69E67D9" box="[1388,1436,1736,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
fixation.” Note that
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A993EA1B2C11A663E" box="[382,536,1771,1797]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A993EA1B2C11A663E" box="[382,536,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not included when
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9B73A1B5C0C1663E" author="Kaup, J." box="[819,963,1771,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="610 - 625" refId="ref13494" refString="Kaup, J. (1827) Zoologische Monographien. Isis von Oken, 20 (6 - 7), 610 - 625." type="journal article" year="1827">Kaup (1827)</bibRefCitation>
erected the genus and therefore does not qualify as a
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9961A049C2536611" box="[289,337,1808,1834]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
species.
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A99F8A056C1726612" author="Fitzinger, L." box="[440,624,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref12976" refString="Fitzinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Braumuller et Seidel, Vindobonae [Vienna], 106 + (vi) + 3 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger (1843)</bibRefCitation>
eliminated Kaup’s
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9B0CA056C7566612" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[844,1108,1807,1833]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9B0CA056C7566612" box="[844,1108,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from that genus and was left with
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9893A06DC25C6676" box="[211,350,1844,1869]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9893A06DC25C6676" box="[211,350,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">B. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A99F5A06DC2E76675" box="[437,485,1844,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
species. Technically, Fitzinger’s designation of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C4EA06AC7986676" box="[1038,1178,1843,1869]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C4EA06AC7986676" box="[1038,1178,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9CB1A06DC6236675" box="[1265,1313,1844,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A98D7A00EC227664A" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[151,293,1879,1905]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A98D7A00EC227664A" box="[151,293,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by elimination, must be seen as invalid. Consequently, the next available
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A9C21A001C7936649" box="[1121,1169,1880,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
species designation has to be taken into account. Therefore, we follow
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9AEDA022C04066AD" author="Smith, M. A." box="[685,834,1915,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref14553" refString="Smith, M. A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 440 + (1) pp., 1 pl., 2 maps." type="book" year="1935">Smith (1935)</bibRefCitation>
who designated
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9C43A022C65166AE" authority="Kuhl, 1820" authorityName="Kuhl" authorityYear="1820" box="[1027,1363,1915,1941]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9C43A022C7CE66AE" box="[1027,1228,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Agama cristatella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A9C94A022C65166AE" author="Kuhl, H." box="[1236,1363,1915,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" refId="ref13590" refString="Kuhl, H. (1820) Beitrage zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Erste Abtheilung. Hermannschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt, (ii) + 151 + (1) pp., 7 pls." type="journal volume" year="1820">Kuhl, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880912FF9A98D7A0F9C3C56681" box="[151,199,1952,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90912FF9A9905A0C6C15D6682" authority="Kaup, 1827" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[325,607,1951,1978]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380912FF9A9905A0C6C2D16682" box="[325,467,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="347">Bronchocela</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0912FF9A999AA0F9C15D6682" author="Kaup, J." box="[474,607,1951,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="347" pagination="610 - 625" refId="ref13494" refString="Kaup, J. (1827) Zoologische Monographien. Isis von Oken, 20 (6 - 7), 610 - 625." type="journal article" year="1827">Kaup, 1827</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0913FF9B98D7A7CEC15B618A" blockId="11.[151,601,151,177]" box="[151,601,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">
<heading id="A8260C460913FF9B98D7A7CEC15B618A" bold="true" box="[151,601,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B98D7A7CEC15B618A" bold="true" box="[151,601,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">The identity of Merrem’s specimens</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0913FF9B98D7A786C09460CE" blockId="11.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">
A very important statement in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B99B0A7B9C19F61C2" author="Merrem, B." box="[496,669,223,250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
is that he examined the specimens depicted in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9CF2A786C63861C2" author="Seba, A." box="[1202,1338,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
and that they were present in the von Borcke collection. A large part of von Borcke’s collection came to ZMB in 1817 and contained
<specimenCount id="E5D770A30913FF9B994FA671C2BA607A" box="[271,440,295,322]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
identified later as
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9AD6A67EC0A2607A" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[662,928,295,321]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9AD6A67EC0A2607A" box="[662,928,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 680) and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9C2CA67EC64E607A" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[1132,1356,295,321]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9C2CA67EC64E607A" box="[1132,1356,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 686), respectively. In their type catalogue,
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9ACEA615C07E605E" author="Denzer, W. &amp; Gunther, R. &amp; Manthey, U." box="[654,892,331,358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="309 - 332" refId="ref12440" refString="Denzer, W., Gunther, R. &amp; Manthey, U. (1997) Kommentierter Typenkatalog der Agamen (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) des Museums fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin (ehemals Zoologisches Museum Berlin). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 73, 309 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19970730209" type="journal article" year="1997">
Denzer
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9AAAA615C024605E" box="[746,806,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
did not list ZMB 680 as a type and
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9D78A615C24460B2" author="Bauer, A. M. &amp; Gunther, R." pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="167 - 185" refId="ref11369" refString="Bauer, A. M. &amp; Gunther, R. (2013) Origin and identity of the von Borcke collection of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin: A cache of Seba specimens? Zoosystematics and Evolution, 89 (1), 167 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 201300005" type="journal article" year="2013">Bauer &amp; Günther (2013)</bibRefCitation>
reported the
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B999DA629C17260B2" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[477,624,367,393]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B999DA629C17260B2" box="[477,624,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen as “not located”. A new search in the collection revealed that the specimen is still present. However, ZMB 680 has its tail broken twice and does not match the illustration in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9D26A6CAC3E760EA" author="Seba, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
. Furthermore, our measurements do not agree with the measurements given by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9C31A6E1C62360EA" author="Merrem, B." box="[1137,1313,439,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
. ZMB 680 can therefore be excluded as the
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880913FF9B9A46A685C15F60CD" box="[518,605,476,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
depicted in Seba’s figure 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0913FF9B9887A6A6C18864FA" blockId="11.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">
The
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B98BBA559C2616322" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[251,355,511,537]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B98BBA559C2616322" box="[251,355,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen (ZMB 686) was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9B63A559C7386322" author="Bauer, A. M. &amp; Gunther, R." box="[803,1082,511,538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="167 - 185" refId="ref11369" refString="Bauer, A. M. &amp; Gunther, R. (2013) Origin and identity of the von Borcke collection of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin: A cache of Seba specimens? Zoosystematics and Evolution, 89 (1), 167 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 201300005" type="journal article" year="2013">Bauer &amp; Günther (2013)</bibRefCitation>
as “no match to Seba figures”. We re-examined the specimen (ZMB 686) and compared it to Seba’s plate 89 figure 2 as well as to
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9C9FA57AC69E6306" author="Merrem, B." box="[1247,1436,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem’s (1819)</bibRefCitation>
description and we were surprised that it was rather a good match to Seba’s plate 89 figure
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9CCDA51EC7BA635A" box="[1165,1208,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
general appearance. In particular, the specimen agrees with Merrem’s description regarding the presence of a dorsal crest consisting of “tooth like leafs” (lanceolate scales) that decrease in height towards the base of the tail. There exist, however, some differences between Seba’s figures and Merrem’s description. The direction of the scales in Seba’s figure is backwards pointing, a character typical for
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9AC6A58EC01663C9" box="[646,788,727,754]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9AC6A58EC1DE63CA" box="[646,732,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Calotes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, instead of backwards and downwards as it is typical for
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B98D7A5A2C258622D" box="[151,346,763,790]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B98D7A5A2C227622E" box="[151,293,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
Also the tail lengths (Seba pl. 89 fig. 1 and fig.2) do not reflect their actual size (TL/SVL&gt;
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9D14A5A2C67C622E" box="[1364,1406,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9DC4A5A5C20B6202" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9DC4A5A5C20B6202" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B997FA479C2CB6202" box="[319,457,800,825]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B997FA479C2CB6202" box="[319,457,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as they only account for slightly more than double the snout-vent-length. We consider these differences as a lack of attention to detail by the illustrator. Both of these features were correctly described in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B98F4A431C26162BA" author="Merrem, B." box="[180,355,871,898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
. The total length of
<specimenCount id="E5D770A30913FF9B9A04A431C1DF62BA" box="[580,733,871,898]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
reported by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9B2BA431C71562BA" author="Merrem, B." box="[875,1047,871,898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
was 19 Zoll of which the tail (TL) measured 15 Zoll (1 Zoll = 1 French Pouce =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9AD8A4D2C00C629D" box="[664,782,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.707" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="27.07">27.07 mm</quantity>
: 19 Zoll =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9BC7A4D2C0E6629D" box="[903,996,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.14" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="514.0">514 mm</quantity>
(TotL); 15 Zoll =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9CF1A4D2C60C629D" box="[1201,1294,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="406.0">406 mm</quantity>
(TL); 4 Zoll =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B98EDA4F6C20862F1" box="[173,266,943,970]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 mm</quantity>
(SVL); alternatively, 1 Zoll
<collectingRegion id="311575C80913FF9B9A07A4E9C18862F1" box="[583,650,944,970]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Hesse</collectingRegion>
=
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9AE7A4F6C1FB62F1" box="[679,761,943,970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
; 19 Zoll =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9B31A4F6C0CC62F1" box="[881,974,943,970]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="482.0">482 mm</quantity>
(TotL); 15 Zoll =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9CD9A4F6C7F462F1" box="[1177,1270,943,970]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="381.0">381 mm</quantity>
(TL); TL/SVL = 406/108 = 3.76). The value of
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9A51A48AC16062D5" box="[529,610,979,1006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
per Zoll was only introduced in
<collectingRegion id="311575C80913FF9B9B9DA48DC72262D5" box="[989,1056,980,1006]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Hesse</collectingRegion>
(where Merrem resided) in 1821 and we assume that
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B993AA4A1C125652A" author="Merrem, B." box="[378,551,1015,1042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
referred to the French measurement system. In any case, our measurements of ZMB 686 (TotL =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9929A342C2CB650D" box="[361,457,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4799999999999995" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="548.0">548 mm</quantity>
, SVL =
<quantity id="342916CF0913FF9B9A60A342C182650D" box="[544,640,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
; TL =
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; TL/SVL = 3.57) differ from those reported by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9D02A345C3E76562" author="Merrem, B." pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
. Another feature that is discernible in Seba’s plate 89 figure 2, but not mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9CEBA319C6586562" author="Merrem, B." box="[1195,1370,1087,1114]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
, is an unusually formed gular sac that appears to be rather spherical/globular, something that is clearly developed in ZMB 686. However,
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stated that the throat of
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(referring to plate 89 fig.
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<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9C98A3DEC663659A" author="Seba, A." box="[1240,1377,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
, “der ersten” = the first) was filled with cloth such that the gular sac appeared convex. While this feature is visible in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9D26A3F2C3DF65D2" author="Seba, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734</bibRefCitation>
: plate 89 figure 1) (=
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<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9997A396C16B65D2" box="[471,617,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">A. cristatella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9A31A396C1F365D2" author="Kuhl, H." box="[625,753,1231,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref13590" refString="Kuhl, H. (1820) Beitrage zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Erste Abtheilung. Hermannschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt, (ii) + 151 + (1) pp., 7 pls." type="journal volume" year="1820">Kuhl, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) it is much more pronounced in
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9C27A396C7E965D2" author="Seba, A." box="[1127,1259,1231,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734</bibRefCitation>
: plate 89 figure 2) (=
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9896A3AAC10E6436" authority="Merrem, 1819" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[214,524,1267,1294]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9896A3AAC2626436" box="[214,352,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9928A3ADC10E6436" author="Merrem, B." box="[360,524,1267,1294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem, 1819</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Apparently, it was custom in early collections to emphasise anatomical features to produce a more “natural” live appearance. We did not find any cloth in ZMB 686 but the unnaturally formed gular pouch lead us to the assumption that it had been stuffed at an earlier stage (
<figureCitation id="6BEAA7AF0913FF9B9C67A262C789646E" box="[1063,1163,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[151,1436,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bronchocela jubata (ZMB 686, von Borcke’s specimen). Upper panel: lateral view. Lower panel: ventral view. Please note the unnaturally formed gular region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757741/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). As
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did not mention this particular feature for the specimen he considered to represent plate 89 figure
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<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9CA5A206C66F6442" author="Seba, A." box="[1253,1389,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref14390" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, et depingendum curavit. Tomus I. J. Wetstenium, &amp; Gul. Smith, &amp; Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], xxxii + 178 pp., 111 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110" type="book" year="1734">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
and because our measurements differ from Merrem’s we do not treat ZMB 686 as a
<typeStatus id="2C6A05880913FF9B9C58A2DDC76D64A5" box="[1048,1135,1412,1438]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9CD5A2DDC64764A6" box="[1173,1349,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">
C. A..
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9C9BA2DDC64764A6" box="[1243,1349,1412,1437]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">gutturosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
despite its otherwise good match with Seba’s figure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0913FF9B9887A292C77B66AE" blockId="11.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9887A292C28764DE" author="Merrem, B." box="[199,389,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem’s (1819)</bibRefCitation>
description of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9A6DA292C1EF64DE" box="[557,749,1483,1509]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9A6DA292C1EF64DE" box="[557,749,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contained several characters that facilitate a comparison with currently accepted taxa. The absence of a spine on the occiput and dorsal scales directed backwards and downwards clearly differentiates the species from
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9A01A14AC1956716" box="[577,663,1555,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9A01A14AC1956716" box="[577,663,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and places the species into the genus
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9C7CA14AC7C86716" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[1084,1226,1555,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9C7CA14AC7C86716" box="[1084,1226,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9CB1A14DC69E6716" author="Merrem, B." box="[1265,1436,1555,1582]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
had Seba’s specimen at hand, then any assumption that Seba’s plate 89 fig. 2 shows
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9C24A16EC610676A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1124,1298,1591,1617]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calotes">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9C24A16EC610676A" box="[1124,1298,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Calotes calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore unfounded. The presence of a well-developed dorsal crest helps to exclude
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9BACA102C7F6674E" authorityName="Kuhl" authorityYear="1820" box="[1004,1268,1627,1653]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9BACA102C7F6674E" box="[1004,1268,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as this species has at best a few enlarged scales on the dorsal ridge which is otherwise serrated. Within the genus
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9D47A126C69767A2" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[1287,1429,1663,1689]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9D47A126C69767A2" box="[1287,1429,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, other than the Javanese
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B99E1A1FDC1056786" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[417,519,1699,1725]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B99E1A1FDC1056786" box="[417,519,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Philippine
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9AF7A1FDC0516786" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[695,851,1700,1725]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9AF7A1FDC0516786" box="[695,851,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9BC9A1FDC7196786" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[905,1051,1699,1725]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9BC9A1FDC7196786" box="[905,1051,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="311575C80913FF9B9C1EA1FAC7C16786" box="[1118,1219,1699,1725]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
possess an anterior dorsal crest of elongated scales. However,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9AC5A191C1ED67DA" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[645,751,1735,1761]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9AC5A191C1ED67DA" box="[645,751,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species where the crest runs across most of the back and decreases continuously towards the base of the tail as described by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9C4BA1B5C7B9663E" author="Merrem, B." box="[1035,1211,1771,1798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
. Further to this, the gular pouch of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9904A049C2D56612" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[324,471,1807,1833]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9904A049C2D56612" box="[324,471,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9A4FA049C1AF6612" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[527,685,1808,1833]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9A4FA049C1AF6612" box="[527,685,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">B. marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller than in
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9BC0A056C7086612" box="[896,1034,1807,1833]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9BC0A056C7086612" box="[896,1034,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9C59A056C7DB6612" author="Merrem, B." box="[1049,1241,1807,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem’s (1819)</bibRefCitation>
description of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9DC4A056C2036676" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9DC4A056C2036676" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">A. gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the von Borcke specimen (ZMB 686) agree well with the remaining
<specimenCount id="E5D770A30913FF9B9C10A06DC7E76675" box="[1104,1253,1844,1870]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">two syntypes</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9D4EA06AC3DD664A" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9D4EA06AC3DD664A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-RA 2542 and MNHN-RA 2543, see
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9AAFA001C085664A" author="Brygoo, E. R." box="[751,903,1879,1906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref11986" refString="Brygoo, E. R. (1988) Les types d'Agamides (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 4 A, 10 (Supplement 3), 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 287636" type="journal article" year="1988">Brygoo 1988</bibRefCitation>
). We therefore conclude, that
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9C9CA00EC69E664A" author="Merrem, B." box="[1244,1436,1879,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem’s (1819)</bibRefCitation>
description of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9979A022C2FB66AE" box="[313,505,1915,1941]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9979A022C2FB66AE" box="[313,505,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9A39A022C77766AE" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1837" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[633,1141,1915,1941]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9A39A022C05466AE" box="[633,854,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9B1DA022C77766AE" author="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G." box="[861,1141,1915,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref12679" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G. (1837) Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome quatrieme. Contenant l'histoire de quarante-six genres et de cent quarante-six especes de la famille des iguaniens, de l'ordre des Sauriens. Vol. IV. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, ii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1837">Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BBCBE8A10913FF9C9887A0C6C2B16392" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" type="description">
<paragraph id="F36EBB2A0913FF9C9887A0C6C2B16392" blockId="11.[151,1437,223,2014]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">
Consequently,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B992EA0C6C1E76682" authority="Merrem (1819)" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[366,741,1951,1978]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B992EA0C6C1326682" box="[366,560,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B9A78A0F9C1E76682" author="Merrem, B." box="[568,741,1951,1978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem (1819)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
becomes a senior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9B9CFFA0C6C2A666E6" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1837" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9B9CFFA0C6C69F6682" box="[1215,1437,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0913FF9B98D7A09AC2A666E6" author="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G." box="[151,420,1987,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" refId="ref12679" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G. (1837) Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome quatrieme. Contenant l'histoire de quarante-six genres et de cent quarante-six especes de la famille des iguaniens, de l'ordre des Sauriens. Vol. IV. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, ii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1837">Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and would have nomenclatural priority such that the species currently known as
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90913FF9C9D4EA09AC2F8618A" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1837" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="11" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380913FF9C9D4EA09AC3DD618A" italics="true" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="11" pageNumber="348">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C98A6A7CEC2F8618A" author="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G." box="[230,506,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" refId="ref12679" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G. (1837) Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome quatrieme. Contenant l'histoire de quarante-six genres et de cent quarante-six especes de la famille des iguaniens, de l'ordre des Sauriens. Vol. IV. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, ii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1837">Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
should be called “
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9A8AA7CEC777618A" authority="Merrem, 1819" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1819" box="[714,1141,151,177]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9A8AA7CEC0CB618B" box="[714,969,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C9B90A7CEC777618A" author="Merrem, B." box="[976,1141,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" pagination="162 - 168" refId="ref13992" refString="Merrem, B. (1819) Agama. in Ersch J. S. &amp; Gruber J. G. (1819) Allgemeine Encyclopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet. Theil 2 Aga - Aldus. J. F. Gleditsch, Leipzig, pp. 162 - 168. [Source for date of publication: Blomeke, E. &amp; Muller, J. (1890) Katalog der Bibliothek des Reichtags. Reichstag, Berlin, 744 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1819">Merrem, 1819</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
”. This, however, threatens nomenclatural stability as the name
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9A68A7E2C00661EE" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[552,772,187,213]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9A68A7E2C00661EE" box="[552,772,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been used consistently since
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C9C37A7E2C69A61EE" author="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G." box="[1143,1432,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" refId="ref12679" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G. (1837) Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome quatrieme. Contenant l'histoire de quarante-six genres et de cent quarante-six especes de la famille des iguaniens, de l'ordre des Sauriens. Vol. IV. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, ii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1837">Duméril &amp; Bibron (1837)</bibRefCitation>
. In a recent publication dealing with the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9B4CA786C62C61C2" authority=", Amarasinghe et al. (2022)" authorityName="Amarasinghe" authorityYear="2022" box="[780,1326,223,249]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9B4CA786C0EF61C2" box="[780,1005,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C9BBDA786C62C61C2" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. &amp; Ineich, I. &amp; Riyanto, A. &amp; Hallermann, J. &amp; Andayani, N. &amp; Abinawanto, A. &amp; Supriatna, J." box="[1021,1326,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" pagination="62 - 85" refId="ref11140" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Ineich, I., Riyanto, A., Hallermann, J., Andayani, N., Abinawanto, A. &amp; Supriatna, J. (2022) Taxonomy and distribution of a common arboreal lizard, Bronchocela jubata Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1837 (Reptilia: Agamidae), with designation of its lectotype from Java, Indonesia. Zootaxa, 5150 (1), 62 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5150.1.3" type="journal article" year="2022">
Amarasinghe
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9CDDA786C7DB61C2" box="[1181,1241,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
followed
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C98D7A65AC24D6026" author="Figueroa, A." box="[151,335,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref12915" refString="Figueroa, A. (2021) The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.12" type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa (2021)</bibRefCitation>
and treated
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C99A2A65AC0506026" authority="Merrem, 1820" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" box="[482,850,259,285]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C99A2A65AC1A76027" box="[482,677,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C9AEFA65AC0506026" author="Merrem, B." box="[687,850,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" refId="ref14083" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis ampibiorum. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, xv + 191 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5037" type="book" year="1820">Merrem, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior objective synonym of, and conspecific with,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C989AA67EC2E6607A" authorityName="Kuhl" authorityYear="1820" box="[218,484,295,321]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C989AA67EC2E6607A" box="[218,484,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela cristatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in order “to uphold the taxonomic stability of a long standing nomen,
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9D5FA67EC68B607A" box="[1311,1417,295,321]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9D5FA67EC632607B" box="[1311,1328,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9D01A67EC68B607A" box="[1345,1417,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. Our analysis has revealed that this assumption is incorrect, and the only way to stabilise nomenclature is to reverse precedence according to Art. 23.9 of the
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9A19A636C19660B2" box="[601,660,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Code</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C9AE1A636C02560B2" author="ICZN" box="[673,807,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" refId="ref13461" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
). The last use of the older name, “
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9CDEA636C7F660B2" box="[1182,1268,367,393]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9CDEA636C7F660B2" box="[1182,1268,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9D5EA636C68A60B3" box="[1310,1416,367,392]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9D5EA636C68A60B3" box="[1310,1416,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, as valid was by Fitzinger (1860). The species epithet
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9B50A6CAC0786097" box="[784,890,403,428]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9B50A6CAC0786097" box="[784,890,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been in use after
<quantity id="342916CF0914FF9C9CF4A6CAC60F6096" box="[1204,1293,403,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82346" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" unit="in" value="1899.0">1899 in</quantity>
conjunction with either
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C995AA6EEC2AA60EA" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[282,424,439,465]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C995AA6EEC2AA60EA" box="[282,424,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9991A6EEC12560EA" box="[465,551,439,465]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9991A6EEC12560EA" box="[465,551,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apart from the mere mentioning as
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9B83A6EEC78760EB" box="[963,1157,439,465]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9B83A6EEC78760EB" box="[963,1157,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Agama gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a non-taxonomic and non-nomenclatural compilation of earlier published names by
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C9B18A682C71760CE" author="Sherborn, C. D." box="[856,1045,474,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" refId="ref14482" refString="Sherborn, C. D. (1905) Index animalium; sive, Index nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="1905">Sherborn (1905)</bibRefCitation>
. We therefore consider the species epithet
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C98A9A6A6C2516323" box="[233,339,511,536]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosa">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C98A9A6A6C2516323" box="[233,339,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">gutturosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/-
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9925A6A6C27C6323" box="[357,382,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">us</emphasis>
in conjunction with either
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9AE6A6A6C0366322" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[678,820,511,537]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9AE6A6A6C0366322" box="[678,820,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9B20A6A6C0B46322" box="[864,950,511,537]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9B20A6A6C0B46322" box="[864,950,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as a nomen oblitum and the species epithet
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C98D7A57AC3DD6306" box="[151,223,547,573]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C98D7A57AC3DD6306" box="[151,223,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">jubata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/-
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C98B0A57AC20B6307" box="[240,265,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">us</emphasis>
in conjunction with either
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9A77A57AC1C76306" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[567,709,547,573]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9A77A57AC1C76306" box="[567,709,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9AB4A57AC0486306" box="[756,842,547,573]" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Calotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9AB4A57AC0486306" box="[756,842,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Calotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as a nomen protectum. In support of our decision to reverse precedence we provide a list of publications in Appendix I in accordance with Art. 23.9 of the
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9D4FA51EC648635A" box="[1295,1354,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Code</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C9D19A51EC3D163BE" author="ICZN" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" refId="ref13461" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
). In agreement with currently accepted taxonomy, the valid name of the species remains
<taxonomicName id="34D1C0A90914FF9C9CFFA532C2AD6392" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1837" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" class="Squamata" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubata">
<emphasis id="C1A567380914FF9C9CFFA532C69F63BE" box="[1215,1437,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="349">Bronchocela jubata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9740C6DB0914FF9C98D7A5D6C2AD6392" author="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G." box="[151,431,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="349" refId="ref12679" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G. (1837) Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome quatrieme. Contenant l'histoire de quarante-six genres et de cent quarante-six especes de la famille des iguaniens, de l'ordre des Sauriens. Vol. IV. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, ii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1837">Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="F9791B41B2DCEE2ECF61FEB7DAE9FFB6">Revision of the strongly flattened Megaprosternum Azevedo (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E72C22063E7958C444343E87959E493">Colombo, Wesley D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="73601573FD4AB7FD3DB3E426233B0D92">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29.075 - 910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="001CCC9C3AEEE671F533EC1128E51C20">Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29.075 - 910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B00561EB7DEB06FB2FDDDD73D77E3502">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA2B162E563FEA2F07FFEC7" box="[514,1074,264,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E563FEA2F07FFEC7" blockId="26.[514,1074,264,291]" box="[514,1074,264,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA2B162E563FEA2F07FFEC7" box="[514,1074,264,291]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA2B162E563FEA2F07FFEC7" authority="Azevedo, 2018" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2018" box="[514,1074,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolongiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E563FEA2F735FEC7" bold="true" box="[514,888,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megaprosternum neolongiceps</emphasis>
Azevedo, 2018
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA2B162E7DCFEE0F756FE0E" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFEE0F594FE63" blockId="26.[189,1398,330,426]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFA2B162E7DCFEE0F756FE80" box="[189,795,330,356]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA2B162E7DCFEE0F756FE80" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[189,795,330,356]" page="40" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2006">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA2B162E7DCFEE0F756FE80" authority="Azevedo, 2006: 38 - 40" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityPageNumber="38 - 40" authorityYear="2006" box="[189,795,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E7DCFEE0F64DFE80" box="[189,512,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megaprosternum longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA2B162E56AFEE1F756FE80" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[523,795,330,356]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo, 2006: 38–40</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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[nec
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA2B162E400FEE1F0F1FE80" authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[865,1212,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E400FEE1F7B8FE80" box="[865,1013,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA2B162E49CFEE1F0F1FE80" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[1021,1212,330,356]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
] [pre-occupied, not available name].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFE3BF018FE4E" blockId="26.[189,1398,330,426]" box="[189,1109,399,426]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA2B162E7DCFE3BF713FE4E" authority="Azevedo et al., 2018: 235" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityPageNumber="235" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,862,399,426]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolongiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E7DCFE3BF665FE4D" box="[189,552,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megaprosternum neolongiceps</emphasis>
Azevedo
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E5FEFE3BF697FE4D" box="[671,730,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 235
</taxonomicName>
[replacement name].
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFA2B162E7DCFE7AF756FE0E" box="[189,795,464,490]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E7DCFE7AF659FE0E" box="[189,532,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA2B162E7DCFE7AF5B0FE0E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[189,509,464,490]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">Megaprosternum longiceps</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA2B162E57AFE7BF75AFE0E" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[539,791,464,490]" page="89" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA2B162E57AFE7BF75AFE0E" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[539,791,464,490]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E50BFE7AF6E8FE0E" box="[618,677,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 89
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFDBAF584FDCF" blockId="26.[189,457,529,555]" box="[189,457,529,555]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA2B162E7DCFDBAF584FDCF" bold="true" box="[189,457,529,555]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E7DCFDBAF584FDCF" bold="true" box="[189,457,529,555]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFD94F64AFD00" blockId="26.[188,1400,575,740]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">The males of this species differ from those of the other species by having the head about 1.6× as long as wide, rectangular and with sides subparallel, in dorsal view, the median clypeal lobe with lateral carinae parallel posteriorly, the ocelli nearly touching one another, the propodeal spiracle on lateral surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex, the hypopygium with spiculum narrowing apicad, and the aedeagal apex aligned to cuspis apex.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA2B162E7DCFCA1F6C6FC7C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFCA1F5E7FCC0" blockId="26.[189,426,778,804]" box="[189,426,778,804]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA2B162E7DCFCA1F5E7FCC0" bold="true" box="[189,426,778,804]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E7DCFCA1F5E7FCC0" bold="true" box="[189,426,778,804]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFA2B162E78BFC92F6C6FC7C" collectingDate="1978-08-23" collectingDateMax="1978-08-23" collectingDateMin="1978-08-16" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="S. &amp; J. Peck" country="Fiji" elevation="1100" location="Microwave St [atio] n" municipality="Nandaravatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Viti Levu" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E78BFC92F511FCB7" blockId="26.[189,1399,825,920]" box="[234,348,825,851]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA2B162E78BFC92F511FCB7" box="[234,348,825,851]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA2B162E7DCFCF7F4A1FC92" box="[189,236,860,886]" name="Fiji" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIJI</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E675FCF0F5C3FC91" bold="true" box="[276,398,859,885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA2B162E675FCF0F5C3FC91" box="[276,398,859,885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Viti Levu</collectingRegion>
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•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA2B162E6D0FCF7F587FC92" box="[433,458,860,886]" count="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; “Viti Levu,
<collectingMunicipality id="162BACCBFFA2B162E511FCF0F744FC91" box="[624,777,859,885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nandaravatu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="F32F606AFFA2B162E47BFCF0F058FC91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA2B163E563FEA2F535FCA2:F32F606AFFA2B162E47BFCF0F058FC91" box="[794,1045,859,885]" country="Fiji" municipality="Nandaravatu" name="Microwave St [atio] n" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Viti Levu">Microwave St[atio]n</location>
,
<quantity id="31089B54FFA2B162E347FCF0F0C8FC92" box="[1062,1157,859,886]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="7DDDD182FFA2B162E347FCF0F0C8FC92" box="[1062,1157,859,886]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
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<collectingDate id="920AE999FFA2B162E3F7FCF0F13FFC91" box="[1174,1394,859,885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">16–23.VIII.[19]78</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="2FB14EA6FFA2B162E7DCFCD5F51FFC7C" box="[189,338,894,920]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA2B162E63CFCD5F538FC7C" box="[349,373,894,920]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA2B162E6FAFCD5F5A3FC7C" box="[411,494,894,920]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">J. Peck</collectorName>
col.”;
<collectionCode id="90E1AE74FFA2B162E55AFCD5F6CAFC7C" box="[571,647,894,920]" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">ANIC</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
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<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA2B163E7DCFC14F574FEA2" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFC14F526FC3D" blockId="26.[189,363,959,985]" box="[189,363,959,985]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA2B162E7DCFC14F526FC3D" bold="true" box="[189,363,959,985]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E7DCFC14F526FC3D" bold="true" box="[189,363,959,985]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E78BFC46F567FBE3" blockId="26.[189,1398,1005,1101]" box="[234,298,1005,1031]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA2B162E78BFC46F567FBE3" bold="true" box="[234,298,1005,1031]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Male</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFBBBF740FBA8" blockId="26.[189,1398,1005,1101]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA2B162E7DCFBBBF523FBCC" baselines="1059,1059" box="[189,366,1040,1066]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
(mm). Body length 3.33; LH 0.65; WH 0.41; WF 0.20; WOT 0.10; surface of median clypeal lobe 0.17; HE 0.25; OOL 0.30; LFW 2.23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFBD8F717FB6A" blockId="26.[189,858,1139,1166]" box="[189,858,1139,1166]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA2B162E7DCFBD8F544FB68" baselines="1158,1159" box="[189,265,1139,1165]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Color" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">COLOR</smallCapsWord>
. Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark castaneous.
</paragraph>
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. Oval, in lateral view; sides converging posterad, in dorsal view; malar space 0.1× HE; median clypeal lobe straight, as long as lateral ones, with pair of lateral carinae, parallel posteriorly, lobe delimitation distinct; mandible with three apical teeth; antenna with 11 flagellomeres, pedicel as long as flagellomere I; eye weakly setose, contour not protruding; frons coriaceous; ocellar triangle with anterior angle acute, postocellar line shorter than DAO.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA2B162E7DCFA2BF510F8DD" blockId="26.[189,1399,1407,1849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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. Pronotal flange polished, with posterior margin at most 1.5× as wide as anterior one; dorsal pronotal area coriaceous, posterior margin almost straight; probasisternum with anterior margin strongly angulated, posterior margin almost straight; epicnemium with anterior margin weakly incurved; mesoscutum longer than mesoscutellum medially; parapsidal signum absent; transscutal fissure conspicuous; mesoscuto-scutellar suture absent; mesopleuron with mesepimeral lobe not evident, anterior mesopleural fovea absent, mesopleural epicoxal lobe not evident, mesopleural pit present, upper mesopleural fovea absent; metapectal-propodeal disc longer than wide medially, with evident constriction at propodeal spiracle; transverse anterior carina absent; lateral marginal carina absent; paraspiracular sulcus absent; paraspiracular carina absent; metapostnotal median carina absent; propodeal spiracle circular, on lateral surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex; forewing with prestigmal abscissa of radial 1 subrectangular, 3.0× as long as pterostigma, 2.0 ×as wide as Sc+R vein, prestigmal flexion line present, pterostigma small and circular; hind wing with three non-equidistant distal hamuli.
</paragraph>
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. Second abdominal spiracle circular; abdominal tergum narrowing apicad; hypopygium with spiculum narrowing apicad, hypopygeal anterolateral apodeme present, hypopygeal posterior margin weakly outcurved. Genitalia with harpe 2.5× as long as gonostipes; digitus with posterior margin denticulate; aedeagal apex aligned to cuspis apex.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E78BFEA2F508FEC7" bold="true" box="[234,325,265,291]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFE87F574FEA2" blockId="27.[189,325,265,326]" box="[189,313,300,326]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA3B163E7DCFEC6F578FD82" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFEC6F562FE63" bold="true" box="[189,303,365,391]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFE37F578FD82" blockId="27.[188,1399,412,614]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
This species was initially described based only on a single male specimen collected in
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E3A7FE37F0BFFE52" box="[1222,1266,412,438]" name="Fiji" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Viti</collectingCountry>
Levu,
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E227FE37F13EFE52" box="[1350,1395,412,438]" name="Fiji" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fiji</collectingCountry>
. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E60BFE14F601FE3D" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[362,588,447,473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E6DAFE6BF5A3FE3D" box="[443,494,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
provided a taxonomic key and comparisons between the females of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DFFE48F5DAFE18" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2017" box="[190,407,482,508]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleonarovorum">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DFFE48F5DAFE18" box="[190,407,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. cleonarovorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and apterous females of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E5D6FE48F700FE18" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[695,845,482,508]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E5D6FE48F700FE18" box="[695,845,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, claiming that this species was described based on both males and females. This assertion was reiterated by
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E414FDAEF09DFDFB" author="Azevedo C. O. &amp; van Noort S." box="[885,1232,517,544]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref19075" refString="Azevedo C. O. &amp; van Noort S. 2018. Flat wasp fauna from Cousine Island, Seychelles, with description of a new species of Holepyris (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Atoll Bulletin Research 615: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0077 - 5630.615" type="journal article" year="2018">Azevedo &amp; van Noort (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. However, the apterous female mentioned by the authors belongs to the species
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E4A1FD82F027FDA6" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[960,1130,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E4A1FD82F027FDA6" box="[960,1130,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the authors made a mistake.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFD26F4B5FD43" blockId="27.[189,248,653,679]" box="[189,248,653,679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCFD26F4B5FD43" bold="true" box="[189,248,653,679]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFD26F4B5FD43" bold="true" box="[189,248,653,679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Host</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFD17F574FD32" blockId="27.[189,313,700,726]" box="[189,313,700,726]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA3B163E7DCFD56F535FCA2" box="[189,376,765,838]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFD56F51BFCF3" blockId="27.[189,342,765,791]" box="[189,342,765,791]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCFD56F51BFCF3" bold="true" box="[189,342,765,791]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFD56F51BFCF3" bold="true" box="[189,342,765,791]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFC87F535FCA2" blockId="27.[189,376,812,838]" box="[189,376,812,838]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E7DCFC87F4ABFCA2" box="[189,230,812,838]" name="Fiji" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fiji</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E794FC87F56EFCA2" box="[245,291,812,838]" name="Fiji" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Viti</collectingCountry>
Levu).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E570FCC6F730FC63" bold="true" box="[529,893,876,903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Megaprosternum norfolcensis</emphasis>
(
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)
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFC79F5B9FC08" box="[189,500,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sclerodermus norfolcensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E69AFC79F6B2FC08" author="Dodd A. P." box="[507,767,977,1004]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd, 1924: 184–185</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFBB8F5B9FBC9" box="[189,500,1043,1069]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sclerodermus norfolcensis</emphasis>
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–
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E574FBB8F74DFBC9" author="Hawkins C. N." box="[533,768,1043,1069]" page="883" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E574FBB8F74DFBC9" author="Hawkins C. N." box="[533,768,1043,1069]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="865 - 902" refId="ref20147" refString="Hawkins C. N. 1942. LXX. The insects of Norfolk Island, including a preliminary report on a recent collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11 9: 865 - 902. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1942.9755529" type="journal article" year="1942">Hawkins 1942: 883</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E453FBBFF05AFBC9" author="Naumann I. D." box="[818,1047,1043,1070]" page="20" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E453FBBFF05AFBC9" author="Naumann I. D." box="[818,1047,1043,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann 1990: 20</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 22, 26. —
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E3C2FBBFF519FBB4" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." page="81" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E3C2FBBFF519FBB4" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">Lanes &amp; Azevedo 2008: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 83. —
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E6D1FB9DF696FBB4" author="Azevedo C. O. &amp; Vargas J. M. R. &amp; Colombo W. D." box="[432,731,1078,1105]" page="478" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E6D1FB9DF696FBB4" author="Azevedo C. O. &amp; Vargas J. M. R. &amp; Colombo W. D." box="[432,731,1078,1105]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="467 - 480" refId="ref19211" refString="Azevedo C. O., Vargas J. M. R. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2020. Synopsis of world Discleroderma Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Zootaxa 4742: 467 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.3.3" type="journal article" year="2020">
Azevedo
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E57EFB9CF61EFBB4" box="[543,595,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2020: 478
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFBF2F6A8FB90" blockId="27.[189,1399,1043,1211]" box="[189,741,1113,1140]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFA3B163E7DCFBF2F6A8FB90" box="[189,741,1113,1140]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFBF2F5B2FB97" box="[189,511,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFBF2F5A5FB97" box="[189,488,1113,1139]" class="Caudofoveata" family="Prochaetodermatidae" genus="Scleroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetodermatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">Scleroderma norfolcensis</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E567FBF2F6ACFB90" author="Smithers C. N." box="[518,737,1113,1140]" page="44" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E567FBF2F6ACFB90" author="Smithers C. N." box="[518,737,1113,1140]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref21128" refString="Smithers C. N. 1998. A species list and bibliography of the insects recorded from Norfolk Island. Technical reports of the Australian Museum 13: 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 1031 - 8062.13.1998.1282" type="journal article" year="1998">Smithers 1998: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFBD6F73AFB73" blockId="27.[189,1399,1043,1211]" box="[189,887,1149,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFA3B163E7DCFBD6F73AFB73" box="[189,887,1149,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFBD6F665FB72" box="[189,552,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFBD6F65CFB73" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[189,529,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">Megaprosternum pentagonal</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFA3B163E54EFBD6F73FFB73" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[559,882,1149,1175]" page="81" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E54EFBD6F73FFB73" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[559,882,1149,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">Lanes &amp; Azevedo 2008: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFB0AF724FB5F" blockId="27.[189,1399,1043,1211]" box="[189,873,1184,1211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFB0AF67EFB5E" box="[189,563,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E7DCFB0AF651FB5E" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[189,540,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">Megaprosternum norfolcensis</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
Azevedo
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E5CBFB0AF6A9FB5E" box="[682,740,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2018: 235.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA3B163E7DCFB4AF024FA94" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFB4AF584FB1F" blockId="27.[189,457,1249,1275]" box="[189,457,1249,1275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCFB4AF584FB1F" bold="true" box="[189,457,1249,1275]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFB4AF584FB1F" bold="true" box="[189,457,1249,1275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFABBF024FA94" blockId="27.[188,1398,1296,1393]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">The females of this species differ from those of the other species by having the head at most 1.2× as long as wide, the median clypeal lobe straight, the antennae with 11 flagellomeres, the mesoscuto-scutellar foveae absent and wings polymorphism, with macropterous and apterous forms.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA3B163E7DCFA3CF077F911" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFA3CF5E7FA55" blockId="27.[189,426,1431,1457]" box="[189,426,1431,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCFA3CF5E7FA55" bold="true" box="[189,426,1431,1457]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCFA3CF5E7FA55" bold="true" box="[189,426,1431,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFA3B163E78BFA6DF5C9F9C3" collectionCode="SAM" collectorName="A. M. Lea" country="Australia" location="Norfolk Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Norfolk Island" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E78BFA6DF511FA04" blockId="27.[189,1399,1478,1575]" box="[234,348,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E78BFA6DF511FA04" bold="true" box="[234,348,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA3B163E78BFA6DF511FA04" box="[234,348,1478,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCFA41F5C9F9C3" blockId="27.[189,1399,1478,1575]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E7DCFA41F52FF9E0" box="[189,354,1514,1540]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E6E4FA42F673F9E0" bold="true" box="[389,574,1513,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA3B163E6E4FA42F673F9E0" box="[389,574,1513,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Norfolk Island</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA3B163E538FA41F63DF9E0" box="[601,624,1514,1540]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; “Norfolk Island, rotting leaves,
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA3B163E49DFA41F022F9E0" box="[1020,1135,1514,1540]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A.M. Lea</collectorName>
(type 14585)”;
<collectionCode id="90E1AE74FFA3B163E251FA41F13EF9E0" box="[1328,1395,1514,1540]" collectionName="Australia, South Australia, Adelaide, South Australian Museum" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">SAM</collectionCode>
. [By description.]
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E78BF9E5F524F98C" blockId="27.[188,1399,1614,1782]" box="[234,361,1614,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E78BF9E5F524F98C" bold="true" box="[234,361,1614,1640]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Non-types</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCF9DAF077F911" blockId="27.[188,1399,1614,1782]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFA3B163E7DCF9DAF0F4F94B" collectingDate="1939-06-12" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="I. McComish" country="Australia" elevation="3" location="Norfolk Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="NHMUK 015663882, 015663883" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Norfolk Island">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA3B163E7DCF9DAF52FF96F" box="[189,354,1649,1675]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E61DF9DAF67FF96F" bold="true" box="[380,562,1649,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA3B163E61DF9DAF67FF96F" box="[380,562,1649,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Norfolk Island</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA3B163E52BF9DAF6C1F968" box="[586,652,1649,1676]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; “
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E5C5F9DAF718F96F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E5C5F9DAF718F96F" box="[676,853,1649,1675]" country="Australia" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</location>
, under decayed palm leaves
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E3C1F9D9F147F96F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E3C1F9D9F147F96F" box="[1184,1290,1649,1676]" country="Australia" name="M. T. Pitt" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Norfolk Island">M.T. Pitt</location>
,
<quantity id="31089B54FFA3B163E274F9DAF13AF96F" box="[1301,1399,1649,1675]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1.0">
<elevation id="7DDDD182FFA3B163E274F9DAF13AF96F" box="[1301,1399,1649,1675]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1.0">1.000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
<date id="824E1071FFA3B163E7DDF93FF571F94A" box="[188,316,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1939-06-12">
<collectingDate id="920AE999FFA3B163E7DDF93FF571F94A" box="[188,316,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1939-06-12">12.vi.1939</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA3B163E627F93EF5ACF94A" box="[326,481,1684,1711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I. McComish</collectorName>
, 156, Brit. Mus. 1940-154”;
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFA3B163E448F93EF069F94B" box="[809,1060,1684,1711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">NHMUK 015663882</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFA3B163E34CF93FF0F8F94B" box="[1069,1205,1684,1711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">015663883</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFA3B163E3DFF93EF077F911" collectingDate="1974-03-19" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="C. I. E." country="Australia" elevation="3" location="Peachester" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="NHMUK 015663884" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E3B1F93FF129F94A" bold="true" box="[1232,1380,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA3B163E3B1F93FF129F94A" box="[1232,1380,1684,1710]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Queensland</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA3B163E7DCF913F4A4F936" box="[189,233,1720,1746]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; “
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E661F913F5CFF936" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E661F913F5CFF936" box="[256,386,1720,1746]" country="Australia" name="Peachester" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Queensland">Peachester</location>
,
<date id="824E1071FFA3B163E6ECF913F642F936" box="[397,527,1720,1746]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1974-03-19">
<collectingDate id="920AE999FFA3B163E6ECF913F642F936" box="[397,527,1720,1746]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1974-03-19">19.iii.1974</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<location id="F32F606AFFA3B163E578F913F6C2F936" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFA3B166E570FCC6F6F6FDC0:F32F606AFFA3B163E578F913F6C2F936" box="[537,655,1720,1746]" country="Australia" name="R. A. Yule" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Queensland">R.A. Yule</location>
, Dept. For. Qld., Nicher Accn. nº. 722,
<collectorName id="5B055367FFA3B163E332F913F0D5F936" box="[1107,1176,1720,1746]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C.I.E.</collectorName>
A8556”;
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFA3B163E269F913F508F912" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">NHMUK 015663884</specimenCode>
. [Previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA3B163E515F977F752F911" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[628,799,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E515F977F752F911" box="[628,799,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA3B163E42AF970F062F911" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[843,1071,1755,1781]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">
Lanes
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E4F8F977F79EF911" box="[921,979,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
.]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA3B165E7DCF8B7F730FC47" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCF8B7F526F8D2" blockId="27.[189,363,1820,1846]" box="[189,363,1820,1846]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA3B163E7DCF8B7F526F8D2" bold="true" box="[189,363,1820,1846]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E7DCF8B7F526F8D2" bold="true" box="[189,363,1820,1846]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E78BF8E0F508F881" blockId="27.[189,1398,1867,1964]" box="[234,325,1867,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA3B163E78BF8E0F508F881" bold="true" box="[234,325,1867,1893]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA3B163E7DCF8C4F727F848" blockId="27.[189,1398,1867,1964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA3B163E7DCF8C4F523F863" baselines="1922,1922" box="[189,366,1903,1929]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
(mm). Body length 3.0‒
<quantity id="31089B54FFA3B163E5F8F8C5F6BAF86D" box="[665,759,1902,1929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
; LH 0.75; WH 0.65; WF 0.45; WOT 0.12; surface of median clypeal lobe 0.38; HE 0.25; OOL 0.40; LFW 2.15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA4B164E7DCFEA2F793FEC7" blockId="28.[189,990,265,291]" box="[189,990,265,291]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA4B164E7DCFEA2F544FEC5" baselines="284,284" box="[189,265,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Color" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">COLOR</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA4B164E67AFEA2F5C5FEC7" box="[283,392,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark castaneous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA4B164E7DCFEE0F733FE15" blockId="28.[189,1399,330,498]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA4B164E7DCFEE0F4B0FE87" baselines="350,350" box="[189,253,331,357]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA4B164E673FEE1F5CDFE81" box="[274,384,330,357]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). Oval, in lateral view; sides almost parallel, in dorsal view; malar space 0.2× HE; median clypeal lobe straight, as long as lateral ones, with pair of lateral carinae, converging posteriorly, lobe delimitation indistinct; mandible with three apical teeth; antenna with 11 flagellomeres, pedicel longer than flagellomere I; eye weakly setose, contour not protruding; frons coriaceous; ocellar triangle with anterior angle acute, postocellar line longer than DAO.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A28F6639FFA4B164E7DCF823F6DBF80D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA4B164E7DCF823F6DBF80D" blockId="28.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E7DCF823F553F846" bold="true" box="[189,286,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA4B164E648F822F771F846" authority="(Dodd, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[297,828,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E648F822F6C1F846" box="[297,652,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megaprosternum norfolcensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA4B164E5FEF823F77EF846" author="Dodd A. P." box="[671,819,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E42AF823F7E4F846" bold="true" box="[843,937,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A–B, D</emphasis>
. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883).
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E7DCF800F49FF821" bold="true" box="[189,210,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884).
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E5CAF800F68DF821" bold="true" box="[683,704,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E4B3F800F044F821" bold="true" box="[978,1033,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B–C</emphasis>
. Head, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA4B164E39CF800F15CF821" bold="true" box="[1277,1297,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D</emphasis>
. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFEA2F019FDD4" blockId="29.[189,1399,265,560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA5B165E7DCFEA2F577FEC5" baselines="284,284" box="[189,314,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Mesosoma" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MESOSOMA</smallCapsWord>
. Pronotal flange polished, with posterior margin at most 1.5× as wide as anterior one; dorsal pronotal area coriaceous, posterior margin almost straight; mesoscutum longer than mesoscutellum medially; parapsidal signum absent; transscutal fissure inconspicuous; mesoscuto-scutellar suture absent; metapectal-propodeal disc longer than wide medially, without evident constriction at propodeal spiracle; transverse anterior carina absent; lateral marginal carina absent; paraspiracular sulcus absent; paraspiracular carina absent; metapostnotal median carina absent; propodeal spiracle circular, on lateral surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex; forewing with prestigmal abscissa of radial 1 subrectangular, 4.0 ×as long as pterostigma, 2.0×as wide as Sc+R vein, prestigmal flexion line present, pterostigma small and circular; hind wing with three equidistant distal hamuli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFDFDF0EBFD94" blockId="29.[189,1190,598,624]" box="[189,1190,598,624]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFA5B165E7DCFDFDF574FD8A" baselines="617,617" box="[189,313,598,624]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Metasoma" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">METASOMA</smallCapsWord>
. Second abdominal spiracle circular; abdominal tergum narrowing apicad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E78BFD3DF567FD54" blockId="29.[189,313,662,722]" box="[234,298,662,688]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E78BFD3DF567FD54" bold="true" box="[234,298,662,688]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFD13F574FD35" blockId="29.[189,313,662,722]" box="[189,313,695,722]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFD5CF573FCF5" blockId="29.[189,318,759,785]" box="[189,318,759,785]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA5B165E7DCFD5CF573FCF5" bold="true" box="[189,318,759,785]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E7DCFD5CF573FCF5" bold="true" box="[189,318,759,785]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Variations</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFC8FF730FC47" blockId="29.[188,1401,804,931]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The vertex of the head can be angled (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA5B165E5F0FC8FF6B3FCDA" box="[657,766,804,830]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
), as observed in the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA5B165E3A0FC8FF13EFCDA" box="[1217,1395,804,830]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, while it can be rounded (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFA5B165E680FCEEF606FC84" box="[481,587,837,864]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
), as seen in the specimen from Queensland. The wings can be present and well developed (macropterous form) as in the
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E462FCCCF727FC65" box="[771,874,871,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the specimen from Queensland, whereas they can be absent (apterous form) as in the
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA5B165E5A2FC22F734FC47" box="[707,889,905,931]" count="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA5B166E7DCFC62F66EFEA2" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFC62F562FC07" blockId="29.[189,303,969,995]" box="[189,303,969,995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA5B165E7DCFC62F562FC07" bold="true" box="[189,303,969,995]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E7DCFC62F562FC07" bold="true" box="[189,303,969,995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFC5EF57EFB3D" blockId="29.[188,1399,1013,1241]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
This species is known only from
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA5B165E55AFC5EF68FFBEB" box="[571,706,1013,1039]" count="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">four female</specimenCount>
specimens collected on
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA5B165E4BDFC5EF0C7FBEB" box="[988,1162,1013,1039]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
; a subtropical island located in the South Pacific Ocean.
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E50DFBBCF749FBD5" author="Dodd A. P." box="[620,772,1047,1073]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd (1924)</bibRefCitation>
highlighted the wing polymorphism in this species, stating that “of the
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFA5B165E6C2FB93F614FBB6" box="[419,601,1080,1106]" count="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
, three are apterous”. Although
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E4ADFB93F029FBB7" author="Dodd A. P." box="[972,1124,1080,1107]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd (1924)</bibRefCitation>
did not explicitly state how the association of the two forms (apterous and macropterous) was made, based on the author’s statement “there appear to be no structural differences between the two forms”, it can be inferred that, as the only variation lies in the wing development, the author associated them due to the morphological similarity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCFB54F7D9F9E0" blockId="29.[188,1399,1279,1541]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E7DCFB54F5CEFAFD" author="Naumann I. D." box="[189,387,1279,1305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann (1990)</bibRefCitation>
stated that this species is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA5B165E455FB54F792FAFD" box="[820,991,1279,1305]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
and is known for submacropterous (probably brachypterous or micropterous forms) females and macropterous males. However, after an extensive literature review, we did not find the description of the males of this species, and as a result, they are considered unknown at this time. Interestingly, he mentioned that females are submacropterous. However, upon examination of the provided forewing drawings of females (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E348FA2EF0AFFA7B" author="Naumann I. D." box="[1065,1250,1413,1439]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann 1990</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 21), it is evident that they possess wings typical of a macropterous pattern, similar to the
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E33AFA0CF08BFA25" box="[1115,1222,1447,1473]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Consequently, we found no evidence to support the presence of micropterous or brachypterous forms in this species, as observed in other species such as
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E528FA40F6B9F9E0" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[585,756,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E528FA40F6B9F9E0" box="[585,756,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for instance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B165E7DCF981F6F1F8E9" blockId="29.[186,1399,1578,1806]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
We did not have access to the
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E577F981F630F9A0" box="[534,637,1578,1604]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the apterous
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E427F981F7FBF9A0" box="[838,950,1578,1604]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E303F981F0B6F9A0" author="Dodd A. P." box="[1122,1275,1578,1604]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd (1924)</bibRefCitation>
. However, it is probable that the
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E6D6F9E7F66AF982" box="[439,551,1612,1638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are micropterous, as reported for
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E4D2F9E7F010F981" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[947,1117,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E4D2F9E7F010F981" box="[947,1117,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below) and several species of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E65EF9C6F6D7F963" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[319,666,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E65EF9C6F592F963" box="[319,479,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sclerodermus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E688F9C6F6D7F963" author="Latreille P. A." box="[489,666,1645,1671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref20751" refString="Latreille P. A. 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias desposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata, Vol. 4. Armand Koenig, Paris and Strasbourg [Parisiis et Argentorati]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65741" type="book" year="1809">Latreille, 1809</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E5BDF9C6F078F963" author="Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D." box="[732,1077,1645,1671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="501 - 519" refId="ref18968" refString="Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 b. Synopsis of the Neotropical Sclerodermus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of a new species attacking human beings. Zootaxa 5124: 501 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Azevedo &amp; Colombo 2022b</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, a thorough study of these specimens is necessary to confirm whether they exhibit microptery or aptery. In contrast, the apterous specimen (NHMUK 015663882) studied by
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA5B165E414F91BF074F92E" author="Hawkins C. N." box="[885,1081,1712,1738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="865 - 902" refId="ref20147" refString="Hawkins C. N. 1942. LXX. The insects of Norfolk Island, including a preliminary report on a recent collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11 9: 865 - 902. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1942.9755529" type="journal article" year="1942">Hawkins (1942)</bibRefCitation>
, upon closer examination, appears to be a macropterous specimen with a damaged wing, supported by the division of the mesonotum into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA5B166E7DCF89EF66EFEA2" blockId="29.[188,1400,1845,2012]" lastBlockId="30.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
We are considering the specimen from
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFA5B165E5EFF89EF755F8AB" box="[654,792,1845,1871]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
(NHMUK 015663882) as belonging to the species
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA5B165E7DFF8F2F538F896" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[190,373,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA5B165E7DFF8F2F538F896" box="[190,373,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. norfolcensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite its head vertex being angled, in contrast to the
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E37DF8F3F0CEF896" box="[1052,1155,1880,1906]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and other
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFA5B165E267F8F2F13BF897" box="[1286,1398,1881,1907]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
which have a rounded head vertex. This decision is supported by the consistent diagnostic morphology of the species, as listed in the Differential diagnosis section, which remains consistent across specimens. Furthermore, given the substantial volume of new material added compared to what was previously known about
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA6B166E609FEA2F679FEC7" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[360,564,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaprosternum</taxonomicName>
, it is prudent, for the time being, to maintain this classification as belonging to the same species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA6B166E7DCFEC6F148FE51" box="[189,1285,365,438]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFEC6F4B5FE63" blockId="30.[189,248,365,391]" box="[189,248,365,391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA6B166E7DCFEC6F4B5FE63" bold="true" box="[189,248,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA6B166E7DCFEC6F4B5FE63" bold="true" box="[189,248,365,391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Host</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFE30F148FE51" blockId="30.[189,1285,411,438]" box="[189,1285,411,438]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Probably parasitic on larvae of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFA6B166E54DFE30F727FE52" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[556,874,411,438]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
Coleoptera
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA6B166E5D5FE30F727FE52" author="Linnaeus C." box="[692,874,411,438]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref20804" refString="Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 Ed. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm [Holmiae]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">
Linnaeus,
<quantity id="31089B54FFA6B166E44EFE30F727FE52" box="[815,874,411,438]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46532" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1758.0">1758</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in wood or litter (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFA6B166E35FFE30F0B5FE51" author="Naumann I. D." box="[1086,1272,411,437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref20943" refString="Naumann I. D. 1990. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) of Norfolk and Philip islands. Australian Entomological Magazine 17: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1990">Naumann 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFA6B166E7DCFE77F6F6FDC0" box="[189,699,476,548]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFE77F51BFE12" blockId="30.[189,342,476,502]" box="[189,342,476,502]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFA6B166E7DCFE77F51BFE12" bold="true" box="[189,342,476,502]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFA6B166E7DCFE77F51BFE12" bold="true" box="[189,342,476,502]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFA6B166E7DCFDA1F6F6FDC0" blockId="30.[189,699,522,548]" box="[189,699,522,548]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA6B166E7DCFDA1F564FDC0" box="[189,297,522,548]" name="Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFA6B166E656FDA1F5ABFDC0" box="[311,486,522,548]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
and Queensland).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

356
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE56AFE42F065FDE7" blockId="21.[523,1064,488,550]" box="[523,1064,488,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFADB16DE56AFE42F065FDE7" box="[523,1064,488,515]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE56AFE42F065FDE7" authority="(Ashmead, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[523,1064,488,515]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE56AFE42F718FDE7" bold="true" box="[523,853,488,515]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaprosternum longiceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE404FE43F06DFDE7" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[869,1056,488,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFADB16DE596FDA7F771FDC2" box="[759,828,524,550]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE596FDA7F771FDC2" blockId="21.[523,1064,488,550]" box="[759,828,524,550]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFADB16DE596FDA7F771FDC2" box="[759,828,524,550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[200,1388,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Megaprosternum longiceps (Ashmead, 1900), syntypes, ♀♀ (USNMENT 01583000). A–C. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view of right specimen on figure A. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Labels. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFADB16DE7DCFDE6F0B2FCD4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFDE6F74BFD83" blockId="21.[189,774,589,615]" box="[189,774,589,615]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFADB16DE7DCFDE6F74BFD83" box="[189,774,589,615]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFADB16DE7DCFDE6F74FFD83" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[189,770,589,615]" page="328" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE7DCFDE6F74FFD83" authority="Ashmead, 1900: 327 - 328" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityPageNumber="327 - 328" authorityYear="1900" box="[189,770,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Ateleopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFDE6F584FD83" box="[189,457,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ateleopterus longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE6B1FDE6F74FFD83" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[464,770,589,615]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900: 327‒328</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFD25F70CFD4C" blockId="21.[189,1164,654,752]" box="[189,833,654,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE7DCFD25F598FD4C" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[189,469,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFD25F598FD4C" box="[189,469,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sclerodermus longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Gordh &amp; Móczár 1900: 162.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFD19F7D3FD28" blockId="21.[189,1164,654,752]" box="[189,926,690,716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFADB16DE7DCFD19F7D3FD28" box="[189,926,690,716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE7DCFD19F5B8FD28" box="[189,501,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Neoscleroderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFD19F5B8FD28" box="[189,501,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Neoscleroderma longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFADB16DE572FD19F697FD28" author="Kieffer J. J." box="[531,730,690,716]" page="40" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE572FD19F697FD28" author="Kieffer J. J." box="[531,730,690,716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref20518" refString="Kieffer J. J. 1908. Hymenoptera Fam. Bethylidae. In: Wytsman P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum 76: 1 - 50. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33735263 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="book chapter" year="1908">Kieffer 1908: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFADB16DE584FD19F7D7FD28" author="Kieffer J. J." box="[741,922,690,716]" page="270" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE584FD19F7D7FD28" author="Kieffer J. J." box="[741,922,690,716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="228 - 595" refId="ref20569" refString="Kieffer J. J. 1914. Bethylidae. Das Tierreich 41: 228 - 595." type="journal article" year="1914">1914: 270‒271</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFD7DF0C1FD0B" blockId="21.[189,1164,654,752]" box="[189,1164,725,752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFADB16DE7DCFD7DF0C1FD0B" box="[189,1164,725,752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFD7DF659FD0B" box="[189,532,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE7DCFD7DF5B0FD0B" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[189,509,725,751]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">Megaprosternum longiceps</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
Azevedo
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE5EAFD7DF688FD0B" box="[651,709,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2018: 235. —
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFADB16DE417FD7EF0C5FD0B" author="Vargas J. M. &amp; Colombo W. D. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[886,1160,725,751]" page="219" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE417FD7EF0C5FD0B" author="Vargas J. M. &amp; Colombo W. D. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[886,1160,725,751]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="217 - 243" refId="ref21297" refString="Vargas J. M., Colombo W. D. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2020. Revisited phylogeny of Scleroderminae (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) reveals a plastic evolutionary history. Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 78: 217 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.26049 / ASP 78 - 2 - 2020 - 02" type="journal article" year="2020">
Vargas
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE4ADFD7DF04AFD0B" box="[972,1031,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 219
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFCBCF0B2FCD4" blockId="21.[189,1279,790,817]" box="[189,1279,790,817]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6E0119FFFADB16DE7DCFCBCF711FCD4" box="[189,860,790,817]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE7DCFCBCF5B0FCD4" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[189,509,790,816]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFCBCF5B0FCD4" box="[189,509,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaprosternum longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="775110A0FFADB16DE57AFCBCF711FCD4" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[539,860,790,817]" page="81" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE57AFCBCF711FCD4" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[539,860,790,817]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">Lanes &amp; Azevedo 2008: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
[nec
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE4FCFCBCF0B9FCD4" authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[925,1268,790,817]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE4FCFCBCF063FCD4" box="[925,1070,790,817]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE354FCBDF0B9FCD4" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[1077,1268,790,816]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFADB16DE7DCFCFCF02EFC03" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFCFCF584FC95" blockId="21.[189,457,855,881]" box="[189,457,855,881]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFADB16DE7DCFCFCF584FC95" bold="true" box="[189,457,855,881]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFCFCF584FC95" bold="true" box="[189,457,855,881]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFC2DF02EFC03" blockId="21.[188,1399,902,999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The females of this species differ from those of the other species by having the body length ranging from
<quantity id="31089B54FFADB16DE7DDFC01F52DFC20" box="[188,352,937,964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="4.4">4.4 to 4.6 mm</quantity>
, antennae with 10 flagellomeres, the median clypeal lobe with parallel lateral carinae, and the postocellar line longer than DAO, and the inconspicuous transscutal fissure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFADB16DE7DCFBA5F759FAAC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFBA5F5E7FBCC" blockId="21.[189,426,1038,1064]" box="[189,426,1038,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFADB16DE7DCFBA5F5E7FBCC" bold="true" box="[189,426,1038,1064]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFBA5F5E7FBCC" bold="true" box="[189,426,1038,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE78BFB97F517FBB2" blockId="21.[188,1399,1084,1182]" box="[234,346,1084,1110]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFADB16DE78BFB97F517FBB2" box="[234,346,1084,1110]" collectingDate="1892-03-06" collectionCode="USNMENT" collectorName="Mr. Froggatt" country="Australia" location="Sydney" municipality="Rose Bay" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="USNMENT 01583000" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE78BFB97F517FBB2" bold="true" box="[234,346,1084,1110]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFADB16DE78BFB97F517FBB2" box="[234,346,1084,1110]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFBCBF156FB7A" blockId="21.[188,1399,1084,1182]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFADB16DE7DCFBCBF52FFB9E" box="[189,354,1120,1146]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE61DFBCBF607FB9E" bold="true" box="[380,586,1120,1146]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFADB16DE61DFBCBF607FB9E" box="[380,586,1120,1146]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFADB16DE50AFBCBF6E0FB9E" box="[619,685,1120,1146]" count="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; “N[ew] S[outh] W[ales],
<collectingMunicipality id="162BACCBFFADB16DE480FBCBF01FFB9E" box="[993,1106,1120,1146]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rose Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location id="F32F606AFFADB16DE3F7FBCBF0A2FB9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFADB16FE56AFE42F651FB22:F32F606AFFADB16DE3F7FBCBF0A2FB9E" box="[1174,1263,1120,1146]" country="Australia" municipality="Rose Bay" name="Sydney" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="New South Wales">Sydney</location>
,
<date id="824E1071FFADB16DE39BFBCBF13CFB9E" box="[1274,1393,1120,1146]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1892-03-06">
<collectingDate id="920AE999FFADB16DE39BFBCBF13CFB9E" box="[1274,1393,1120,1146]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1892-03-06">6.III.1892</collectingDate>
</date>
, bred by
<collectorName id="5B055367FFADB16DE67DFB2FF5FDFB7A" box="[284,432,1156,1182]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mr. Froggatt</collectorName>
from hollow stem of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE5D1FB28F724FB79" box="[688,873,1155,1181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE5D1FB28F724FB79" box="[688,873,1155,1181]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acacia discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, type 4870”;
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFADB16DE368FB28F15AFB7A" box="[1033,1303,1155,1182]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">USNMENT 01583000</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE78BFB6EF524FB3B" blockId="21.[189,1398,1221,1353]" box="[234,361,1221,1247]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE78BFB6EF524FB3B" bold="true" box="[234,361,1221,1247]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Non-types</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFB43F759FAAC" blockId="21.[189,1398,1221,1353]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFADB16DE7DCFB43F759FAAC" collectingDate="1992-06-03" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Froggatti" country="Australia" location="Hollow stem of Acacia" municipality="Rose Bay" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="NHMUK 015663885, 015663886" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFADB16DE7DCFB43F52FFAE6" box="[189,354,1256,1282]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE61EFB43F603FAE6" bold="true" box="[383,590,1255,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFADB16DE61EFB43F603FAE6" box="[383,590,1255,1282]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFADB16DE510FB43F6F9FAE6" box="[625,692,1256,1282]" count="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; “
<collectingMunicipality id="162BACCBFFADB16DE5ACFB43F70FFAE6" box="[717,834,1256,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rose Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, “Hollow stem of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE379FB43F09CFAE6" box="[1048,1233,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE379FB43F09CFAE6" box="[1048,1233,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acacia discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”,
<date id="824E1071FFADB16DE38CFB43F13CFAE6" box="[1261,1393,1256,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1992-06-03">
<collectingDate id="920AE999FFADB16DE38CFB43F13CFAE6" box="[1261,1393,1256,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3.vi.[19]92</collectingDate>
</date>
, (
<collectorName id="5B055367FFADB16DE7A4FAA0F57FFAC1" box="[197,306,1291,1317]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Froggatti</collectorName>
coll., 92.164)”;
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFADB16DE69AFAA0F6B6FAC2" box="[507,763,1291,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NHMUK 015663885</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFADB16DE46BFAA0F7DFFAC2" box="[778,914,1291,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">015663886</specimenCode>
. [The latter was previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFADB16DE7DCFA84F643FAAC" authority="Azevedo, 2006" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[189,526,1326,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFA84F519FAAC" box="[189,340,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE63DFA85F643FAAC" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[348,526,1326,1352]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFADB16DE558FA84F747FAAC" author="Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[569,778,1326,1353]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref20586" refString="Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 903117 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]. Lanes G. O. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2008. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae). Insect Systematic and Evolution 39: 55 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631208788784165" type="url" year="2008">
Lanes
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE5E6FA84F68FFAAC" box="[647,706,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
.]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFADB16FE7DCFAC4F725FD0D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFAC4F526FA6D" blockId="21.[189,363,1391,1417]" box="[189,363,1391,1417]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFADB16DE7DCFAC4F526FA6D" bold="true" box="[189,363,1391,1417]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE7DCFAC4F526FA6D" bold="true" box="[189,363,1391,1417]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE78BFA35F508FA5C" blockId="21.[189,1398,1438,1535]" box="[234,325,1438,1464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFADB16DE78BFA35F508FA5C" bold="true" box="[234,325,1438,1464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCFA69F77DFA1B" blockId="21.[189,1398,1438,1535]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFADB16DE7DCFA69F523FA3E" baselines="1493,1493" box="[189,366,1474,1500]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
(mm). Body length 4.4‒4.6; LH 0.85; WH 0.49; WF 0.26; WOT 0.11; surface of median clypeal lobe 0.11; HE 0.25; OOL 0.38; LFW 1.9‒2.4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCF98DF7FBF9A4" blockId="21.[189,950,1574,1600]" box="[189,950,1574,1600]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFADB16DE7DCF98DF544F9DA" baselines="1593,1593" box="[189,265,1574,1600]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Color" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">COLOR</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFADB16DE67AF98DF5D1F9A4" box="[283,412,1574,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[200,1388,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Megaprosternum longiceps (Ashmead, 1900), syntypes, ♀♀ (USNMENT 01583000). A–C. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view of right specimen on figure A. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Labels. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
). Head, mesosoma and metasoma castaneous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16DE7DCF9C3F08FF8EA" blockId="21.[189,1399,1639,1807]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFADB16DE7DCF9C3F4B1F964" baselines="1659,1659" box="[189,252,1640,1666]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFADB16DE673F9CCF539F965" box="[274,372,1639,1666]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[200,1388,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Megaprosternum longiceps (Ashmead, 1900), syntypes, ♀♀ (USNMENT 01583000). A–C. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view of right specimen on figure A. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Labels. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). Oval, in lateral view; sides almost parallel, in dorsal view; malar space 0.1× HE; median clypeal lobe straight, as long as lateral ones, with pair of lateral carinae, parallel posteriorly, lobe delimitation distinct; mandible with three apical teeth; hypostoma rounded medially; antenna with 10 flagellomeres, pedicel as long as flagellomere I; eye weakly setose, contour not protruding; frons coriaceous; ocellar triangle with anterior angle acute, postocellar line longer than DAO.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFADB16FE7DCF89DF6D4FE37" blockId="21.[187,1399,1845,2013]" lastBlockId="23.[189,1400,265,467]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFADB16DE7DCF89DF577F8AA" baselines="1865,1865" box="[189,314,1846,1872]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Mesosoma" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MESOSOMA</smallCapsWord>
. Pronotal flange coriaceous, with posterior margin at least 1.6 × as wide as anterior one; dorsal pronotal area coriaceous, posterior margin outcurved medially, overlapping anterior area of mesoscutum; probasisternum with anterior margin strongly angulated, posterior margin almost straight; mesoscutum longer than mesoscutellum medially; parapsidal signum absent; transscutal fissure inconspicuous; mesoscuto-scutellar suture absent; mesopleuron with mesopleural pit present; metapectal-propodeal disc longer than wide medially, without evident constriction at propodeal spiracle; transverse anterior carina absent; lateral marginal carina absent; paraspiracular sulcus absent; paraspiracular carina absent; metapostnotal median carina absent; propodeal spiracle circular, on lateral surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex; forewing with prestigmal abscissa of radial 1 oval, 3.0 × as long as pterostigma, 2.0× as wide as Sc+R vein, prestigmal flexion line present, pterostigma small and circular; hind wing with three non-equidistant distal hamuli.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A28F6639FFAEB16EE7DCF823F7E1F80D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758967/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[205,1385,269,1874]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAEB16EE7DCF823F7E1F80D" blockId="22.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE7DCF823F555F846" bold="true" box="[189,280,1928,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFAEB16EE64DF822F727F846" authority="(Ashmead, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[300,874,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE64DF822F637F846" box="[300,634,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Megaprosternum longiceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFAEB16EE5F7F823F72CF846" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[662,865,1928,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, syntypes, ♀♀ (USNMENT 01583000).
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE7DCF800F4BBF821" bold="true" box="[189,246,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A–C</emphasis>
. Habitus.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE60FF800F5CEF821" bold="true" box="[366,387,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE54CF800F60CF821" bold="true" box="[557,577,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE58FF800F74EF821" bold="true" box="[750,771,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of right specimen on figure A.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE26FF800F16EF821" bold="true" box="[1294,1315,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
. Head, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAEB16EE633F865F52BF80C" bold="true" box="[338,358,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
. Labels. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D = 125 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFE50F0D6FDF0" blockId="23.[189,1179,506,533]" box="[189,1179,506,533]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFAFB16FE7DCFE50F574FDF7" baselines="526,526" box="[189,313,507,533]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Metasoma" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">METASOMA</smallCapsWord>
. Second abdominal spiracle circular; abdominal tergum widening apicad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE78BFD97F567FDB2" blockId="23.[189,313,572,634]" box="[234,298,572,598]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAFB16FE78BFD97F567FDB2" bold="true" box="[234,298,572,598]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFDCBF574FD9D" blockId="23.[189,313,572,634]" box="[189,313,607,634]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFD0BF573FD5E" blockId="23.[189,318,672,698]" box="[189,318,672,698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFAFB16FE7DCFD0BF573FD5E" bold="true" box="[189,318,672,698]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAFB16FE7DCFD0BF573FD5E" bold="true" box="[189,318,672,698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Variations</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFD64F725FD0D" blockId="23.[189,872,719,746]" box="[189,872,719,746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">There are no morphological variations worthy of mention.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFAFB16FE7DCFCBAF026FC02" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFCBAF562FCCF" blockId="23.[189,303,785,811]" box="[189,303,785,811]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFAFB16FE7DCFCBAF562FCCF" bold="true" box="[189,303,785,811]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAFB16FE7DCFCBAF562FCCF" bold="true" box="[189,303,785,811]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFC94F026FC02" blockId="23.[188,1400,831,998]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
This species was described based on
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFAFB16FE518FC94F74EFCBD" box="[633,771,831,857]" count="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">four female</specimenCount>
specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFAFB16FE340FCEBF0B5FCBD" box="[1057,1272,831,858]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFAFB16FE265FC94F13EFCBD" box="[1284,1395,831,857]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
. In the original description,
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFAFB16FE560FCC9F749FC98" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[513,772,866,892]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead (1900: 328)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFAFB16FE492FCC9F017FC98" box="[1011,1114,866,892]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is the specimen labeled “type-Nº. 4870”. However, all
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFAFB16FE542FC2EF699FC7B" box="[547,724,901,927]" count="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
were mounted on the same card and share identical labels, including the one with the mentioned type number (
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). As a result, it is not possible to identify the
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, and for this reason, we conclude that these specimens are all
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFAFB16FE49CFC67F02AFC02" box="[1021,1127,972,998]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
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<heading id="AD0781DDFFAFB16FE7DCFBA6F4B5FBC3" bold="true" box="[189,248,1037,1063]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAFB16FE7DCFBA6F4B5FBC3" bold="true" box="[189,248,1037,1063]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Host</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFB97F574FBB2" blockId="23.[189,313,1084,1110]" box="[189,313,1084,1110]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFBD6F51BFB73" blockId="23.[189,342,1149,1175]" box="[189,342,1149,1175]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFAFB16FE7DCFBD6F51BFB73" bold="true" box="[189,342,1149,1175]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFAFB16FE7DCFBD6F51BFB73" bold="true" box="[189,342,1149,1175]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFAFB16FE7DCFB07F651FB22" blockId="23.[189,540,1196,1222]" box="[189,540,1196,1222]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFAFB16FE7DCFB07F564FB22" box="[189,297,1196,1222]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFAFB16FE659FB07F65DFB22" box="[312,528,1196,1222]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

110
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<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFB0B170E533FE42F7CDFDE7" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[594,896,488,515]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bayaka" status="sp. nov.">
@ -62,14 +62,14 @@
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFB0B170E4E6FE42F7AFFDE7" box="[903,994,489,515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFB0B170E596FD84F771FDAD" box="[759,828,559,585]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,854,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-111@9.[189,1398,849,1880]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Megaprosternum bayaka sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (SAMC, SAM-HYM P103670). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A = 250 μm; B–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758955/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
@ -120,24 +120,31 @@ is derived from the Bayaka, an ethnic group inhabiting the southwestern
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFB0B170E7DCFBABF5E7FBFE" bold="true" box="[189,426,1024,1050]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFB0B170E78BFB84F563FB31" collectingDate="2001-05-07" collectionCode="SAMC" collectorName="S. van Noort" country="Central African Republic" elevation="510" latitude="3.0335" location="Parc. National de Dzanga-Ndoki" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="16.4095" municipality="Mabea Bai" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="SAM-HYM P103670" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Prefecture Sangha-Mbaere" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFB0B170E78BFB84F511FBAD" blockId="8.[189,1399,1071,1237]" box="[234,348,1071,1097]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFB0B170E78BFB84F511FBAD" bold="true" box="[234,348,1071,1097]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFB0B170E78BFB84F511FBAD" box="[234,348,1071,1097]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFB0B170E7DCFBF9F563FB31" collectingDate="2001-05-07" collectionCode="SAMC, SAM-HYM" collectorName="S. van Noort" country="Central African Republic" elevation="510" latitude="3.0335" location="Prefecture" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="16.4095" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="P103670" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sangha-Mbaere" typeStatus="holotype">
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–
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•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFB0B170E49CFBF9F059FB88" box="[1021,1044,1106,1132]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; “Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc. National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai,
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,
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,
<locationDeviation id="E7FD2F93FFB0B170E424FBDEF04AFB74" box="[837,1031,1141,1168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">53°NE Bayanga</locationDeviation>
,
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<geoCoordinate id="93C45076FFB0B170E3F7FBDEF16DFB74" box="[1174,1312,1141,1168]" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="24.57" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="9" value="16.4095">16°24.57’E</geoCoordinate>
,
@ -153,11 +160,10 @@ is derived from the Bayaka, an ethnic group inhabiting the southwestern
, Sweep, CAR01-S96, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing”;
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,
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<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFB0B170E388FB33F564FB31" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SAM-HYM P103670</specimenCode>
.
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92
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@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ The males of this species differ from those of the other species by having the s
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFB4B174E7DCF9B2F5E7F9D7" bold="true" box="[189,426,1561,1587]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined</emphasis>
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–
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@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ Thomson
L., coll.
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, code -
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/Beth/Mega/23816A”;
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”;
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.
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFB4B174E7DCF8BDF7DFF8D4" blockId="12.[189,914,1778,1840]" box="[189,914,1814,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFB4B174E7DCF8BDF7DFF8D4" box="[189,914,1814,1840]" collectingDate="2016-08-23" collectionCode="NBAIR" collectorName="S. K. Rajeshwari" country="India" county="Karnataka" latitude="13.03" location="Hebbal" longLatPrecision="775" longitude="77.59" municipality="Bangalore" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="allotype">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFB4B174E7DCF8BDF543F8D4" box="[189,270,1814,1840]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">INDIA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFB4B174E64DF8BDF5F8F8D4" bold="true" box="[300,437,1814,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ L., coll.
; same data as for holotype;
<collectionCode id="90E1AE74FFB4B174E44FF8BDF7C0F8D4" box="[814,909,1814,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NBAIR</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFB4B176E7DCF8FDF5E9FE96" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFB4B174E7DCF8FDF526F894" blockId="12.[189,363,1878,1904]" box="[189,363,1878,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">

595
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<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBAB17AE54DF994F045F9BD" box="[556,1032,1599,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBAB17AE54DF994F045F9BD" blockId="2.[556,1032,1599,1661]" box="[556,1032,1599,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFBAB17AE54DF994F045F9BD" box="[556,1032,1599,1626]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBAB17AE51FF9EBF045F9BD" authority="Azevedo, 2006" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[638,1032,1599,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBAB17AE51FF9EBF702F9BE" bold="true" box="[638,847,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Megaprosternum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBAB17AE437F994F045F9BD" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[854,1032,1599,1625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBAB17AE596F9C9F771F999" box="[759,828,1634,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBAB17AE596F9C9F771F999" blockId="2.[556,1032,1599,1661]" box="[759,828,1634,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBAB17AE596F9C9F771F999" box="[759,828,1634,1661]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,269,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[253,1334,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Genus Megaprosternum, paratype, ♀ of M. navatu sp. nov. (Viti Levu, BPBM). A–D. Head. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. D. Anterior view. E–G. Mesosoma. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Lateral view. H. Leg. I. Forewing, in dorsal view. J–K. Metasoma. J. Dorsal view. K. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–G, I = 125 μm; H, J–K = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBAB17AE7DCF90FF099F909" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBAB17AE7DCF90FF515F95A" blockId="2.[189,344,1700,1726]" box="[189,344,1700,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFBAB17AE7DCF90FF515F95A" bold="true" box="[189,344,1700,1726]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBAB17AE7DCF90FF515F95A" bold="true" box="[189,344,1700,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFBAB17AE7DCF90FF4B7F95A" box="[189,250,1700,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBAB17AE7DCF978F099F909" blockId="2.[189,1236,1746,1773]" box="[189,1236,1746,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBAB17AE7DCF978F6FAF908" authority="Azevedo, 2006" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[189,695,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBAB17AE7DCF978F5B0F908" box="[189,509,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Megaprosternum longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBAB17AE564F979F6FAF908" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[517,695,1746,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[nec
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBAB17AE599F979F087F909" authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" box="[760,1226,1746,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Ateleopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBAB17AE599F979F04EF908" box="[760,1027,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ateleopterus longiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBAB17AE36AF979F087F909" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[1035,1226,1746,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBAB17CE7DCF8BFF6B7FE83" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBAB17AE7DCF8BFF57BF8CA" blockId="2.[189,310,1812,1838]" box="[189,310,1812,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFBAB17AE7DCF8BFF57BF8CA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1812,1838]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBAB17AE7DCF8BFF57BF8CA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1812,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBAB17CE7DCF8E9F6B7FE83" blockId="2.[187,1399,1858,1991]" lastBlockId="4.[188,1398,265,360]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Body small (1.40–5.0 mm) and strongly flattened. Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark castaneous to light castaneous. Gena not visible in dorsal view. Propleuron elongated. Prosternum with probasisternum large and pentagonal.Anteromesoscutum without notaulus. Forewing without closed cells, C vein absent, Sc+R vein present, M+Cu vein absent, A vein absent, prestigmal abscissa of R1 present, 2r-rs&amp;Rs vein absent. Hind wing with jugum fully fused to remigium. Male genitalia with harpe at least 2.0× as long as gonostipes; cuspis laminar and very wide, as wide as harpe; aedeagus subtrapezoidal; aedeagal apodeme short, not surpassing genital ring, dilated basally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBBB17BE7DCF8CFF7FAF80D" blockId="3.[189,1399,1892,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE7DCF8CFF543F89B" bold="true" box="[189,270,1892,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBBB17BE60FF8CDF67AF89B" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[366,567,1894,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE60FF8CDF67AF89B" box="[366,567,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Megaprosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, ♀ of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBBB17BE460F8CDF736F89B" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[769,891,1894,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="navatu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE460F8CDF736F89B" box="[769,891,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. navatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBBB17BE4E4F8CEF7AEF89B" box="[901,995,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Viti Levu, BPBM).
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE386F8CFF16DF89A" bold="true" box="[1255,1312,1892,1918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A–D</emphasis>
. Head.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE7DCF823F49FF846" bold="true" box="[189,210,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE6E1F823F5D9F846" bold="true" box="[384,404,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B</emphasis>
. Ventral view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE529F823F611F846" bold="true" box="[584,604,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE471F823F769F846" bold="true" box="[784,804,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D</emphasis>
. Anterior view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE484F823F053F846" bold="true" box="[997,1054,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E–G</emphasis>
. Mesosoma.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE3DEF823F09CF846" bold="true" box="[1215,1233,1928,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE7DCF800F482F821" bold="true" box="[189,207,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F</emphasis>
. Ventral view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE6E1F800F5DAF821" bold="true" box="[384,407,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE526F800F610F821" bold="true" box="[583,605,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H</emphasis>
. Leg.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE5CBF800F6F8F821" bold="true" box="[682,693,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I</emphasis>
. Forewing, in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE499F800F061F821" bold="true" box="[1016,1068,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">J–K</emphasis>
. Metasoma.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE3A4F800F09EF821" bold="true" box="[1221,1235,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">J</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBBB17BE7DCF865F499F80C" bold="true" box="[189,212,1998,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">K</emphasis>
. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–G, I = 125 μm; H, J–K = 250 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBCB17CE7DCFE26F12FFB9C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFE26F526FE43" blockId="4.[189,363,397,423]" box="[189,363,397,423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFBCB17CE7DCFE26F526FE43" bold="true" box="[189,363,397,423]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE7DCFE26F526FE43" bold="true" box="[189,363,397,423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFE17F6E1FDD8" blockId="4.[188,1401,443,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFBCB17CE7DCFE17F4B1FE30" baselines="463,463" box="[189,252,444,470]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBCB17CE672FE10F5D6FE31" box="[275,411,443,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,269,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[253,1334,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Genus Megaprosternum, paratype, ♀ of M. navatu sp. nov. (Viti Levu, BPBM). A–D. Head. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. D. Anterior view. E–G. Mesosoma. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Lateral view. H. Leg. I. Forewing, in dorsal view. J–K. Metasoma. J. Dorsal view. K. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–G, I = 125 μm; H, J–K = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A–D</figureCitation>
). Median clypeal lobe surface extending back into frons, polished; antennal rim covering clypeal margin anteriorly; gena not visible in dorsal view; mandible with dorsal margin not denticulate; eye oval; ocellar triangle with anterior ocellus posterior to supraocular line; occipital carina absent; medioccipito-genal suture present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFDC9F710FC17" blockId="4.[187,1400,610,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFBCB17CE7DCFDC9F577FD9E" baselines="629,629" box="[189,314,610,636]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Mesosoma" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MESOSOMA</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBCB17CE62EFDC9F59FFD98" box="[335,466,610,636]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,269,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[253,1334,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Genus Megaprosternum, paratype, ♀ of M. navatu sp. nov. (Viti Levu, BPBM). A–D. Head. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. D. Anterior view. E–G. Mesosoma. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Lateral view. H. Leg. I. Forewing, in dorsal view. J–K. Metasoma. J. Dorsal view. K. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–G, I = 125 μm; H, J–K = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1E–G</figureCitation>
). Pronotal neck not visible in dorsal view. Pronotal lobe surface mostly flat. Propleuron elongated. Prosternum with probasisternum large and pentagonal. Anteromesoscutum without notaulus. Mesopleuron without anterior subalar pit; mesepimeral sulcus absent; mesopleural callus not evident; mesopleural epicoxal sulcus absent; lower mesopleural fovea absent; posterior oblique sulcus absent; posterior subalar pit absent; anterior mesofurcal pit oval. Metapectal-propodeal disc without transverse posterior carina; first, second and third metapostnotal carinae absent; metapostnotalpropodeal suture absent; posterior propodeal projection absent; dorsal, median and ventral metapleural pits absent; metasternal plate pentagonal. Legs with coxa longer than wide; trochanter subtriangular; femur shorter than tibia; tibia dilated apically; tarsal claw unidentate (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBCB17CE374FCD8F03BFC69" box="[1045,1142,883,909]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,269,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[253,1334,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Genus Megaprosternum, paratype, ♀ of M. navatu sp. nov. (Viti Levu, BPBM). A–D. Head. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. D. Anterior view. E–G. Mesosoma. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Lateral view. H. Leg. I. Forewing, in dorsal view. J–K. Metasoma. J. Dorsal view. K. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–G, I = 125 μm; H, J–K = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). Macropterous form with forewing with anterior margin incurved medially; without cells closed; C vein absent, Sc+R vein present, M+Cu vein absent, A vein absent, prestigmal abscissa of R1 present, 2r-rs&amp;Rs vein absent (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBCB17CE7A7FC72F55BFC17" box="[198,278,985,1011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,269,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[253,1334,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Genus Megaprosternum, paratype, ♀ of M. navatu sp. nov. (Viti Levu, BPBM). A–D. Head. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. D. Anterior view. E–G. Mesosoma. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Lateral view. H. Leg. I. Forewing, in dorsal view. J–K. Metasoma. J. Dorsal view. K. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–G, I = 125 μm; H, J–K = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
). Hind wing with jugum fully fused to remigium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFBB1F12FFB9C" blockId="4.[189,1399,1050,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<smallCapsWord id="F0A9A06DFFBCB17CE7DCFBB1F574FBD6" baselines="1069,1069" box="[189,313,1050,1076]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Metasoma" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">METASOMA</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBCB17CE62FFBB1F584FBD0" box="[334,457,1050,1076]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1331,269,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[253,1334,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Genus Megaprosternum, paratype, ♀ of M. navatu sp. nov. (Viti Levu, BPBM). A–D. Head. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. D. Anterior view. E–G. Mesosoma. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Lateral view. H. Leg. I. Forewing, in dorsal view. J–K. Metasoma. J. Dorsal view. K. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–G, I = 125 μm; H, J–K = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1J–K</figureCitation>
). Hypopygeal anteromedial apodeme absent. Male genitalia with harpe longer than gonostipes; cuspis laminar and as wide as harpe, aligned to digitus; aedeagus subtrapezoidal; aedeagal apodeme short, not surpassing genital ring, dilated basally; cupula 0.4× as long as genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBCB17CE7DCFB35F720FB02" box="[189,877,1182,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFB35F51BFB5C" blockId="4.[189,342,1182,1208]" box="[189,342,1182,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFBCB17CE7DCFB35F51BFB5C" bold="true" box="[189,342,1182,1208]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE7DCFB35F51BFB5C" bold="true" box="[189,342,1182,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFB67F720FB02" blockId="4.[189,877,1228,1254]" box="[189,877,1228,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Afrotropical, Australian, Neotropical and Oriental regions.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBCB17DE7DCFAA7F13AF89D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="key">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFAA7F63FFAC2" blockId="4.[189,626,1292,1318]" box="[189,626,1292,1318]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE7DCFAA7F63FFAC2" bold="true" box="[189,626,1292,1318]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Key for species of
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBCB17CE6C0FAA7F63FFAC2" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[417,626,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE6C0FAA7F63FFAC2" bold="true" box="[417,626,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Megaprosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="82616180FFBCB17DE7DCFAE6F13AF89D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBCB17CE7DCFAE6F13AFA6D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFAE6F13AFA83" blockId="4.[189,1399,1356,1417]" box="[189,1399,1356,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBCB17CE7DCFAE6F13AFA83" box="[189,1399,1356,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1. Males ................................................................................................................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7A0FAC4F13AFA6D" blockId="4.[189,1399,1356,1417]" box="[193,1399,1390,1417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBCB17CE7A0FAC4F13AFA6D" box="[193,1399,1390,1417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">– Females ............................................................................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBCB17CE7DCFA04F13AFA0F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCFA04F13AFA2E" blockId="4.[189,1399,1454,1516]" box="[189,1399,1454,1482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBCB17CE7DCFA04F13AFA2E" box="[189,1399,1454,1482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
2. Antenna with 10 flagellomeres (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBCB17CE502FA04F6BDFA2D" box="[611,752,1455,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1387,269,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-12@37.[198,1390,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 13. Megaprosternum wakawaka sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BPBM). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view.C. Head, dorsal view.D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view.E. Ventral view.F. Hypopygium, external view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–F = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758979/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 13A–B</figureCitation>
) .................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBCB17CE30CFA04F158FA2D" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1133,1301,1454,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wakawaka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE30CFA04F158FA2D" bold="true" box="[1133,1301,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. wakawaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBCB17CE27DFA1BF13AFA2E" box="[1308,1399,1456,1482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7A0FA79F13AFA0F" blockId="4.[189,1399,1454,1516]" box="[193,1399,1489,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBCB17CE7A0FA79F13AFA0F" box="[193,1399,1489,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
– Antenna with 11 flagellomeres (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE500FA7AF77EFA0F" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[609,819,1489,1515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE5D3FA79F6A0FA0F" box="[690,749,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2b) .............................................................. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBCB17CE7DCF9B9F13AF8BB" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7DCF9B9F13AF950" blockId="4.[189,1399,1553,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBCB17CE7DCF9B9F13AF950" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
3. Median clypeal lobe with lateral carinae converging posteriorly (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE37BF9B9F14DF9C8" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[1050,1280,1553,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE313F9B9F0FEF9CF" box="[1138,1203,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2b); postocellar line almost longer than or as long as DAO (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE404F99FF07EF9AA" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[869,1075,1588,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE4D5F99FF7A2F9AA" box="[948,1007,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2b); propodeal spiracle on dorsal surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE4F0F9FDF026F994" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[913,1131,1622,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE484F9FCF06FF994" box="[997,1058,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2d); hypopygium with spiculum evenly wide (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE552F9D3F74CF976" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[563,769,1656,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE5E3F9D2F6F0F976" box="[642,701,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3a); aedeagal apex anterior to cuspis apex (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE24CF9D3F526F950" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE78BF930F568F950" box="[234,293,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3c) ........................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBCB17CE410F931F13AF950" authority="Gupta &amp; Azevedo, 2017" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2017" box="[881,1399,1690,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleonarovorum">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE410F931F01FF951" bold="true" box="[881,1106,1690,1717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. cleonarovorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE338F931F13AF950" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[1113,1399,1690,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Gupta &amp; Azevedo, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17CE7A0F916F13AF8BB" blockId="4.[189,1399,1553,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBCB17CE7A0F916F13AF8BB" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
– Median clypeal lobe with lateral carinae parallel or subparallel posteriorly (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE308F917F156F932" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[1129,1307,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1); postocellar line almost shorter than DAO (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE599F975F7E0F91C" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[760,941,1758,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1); propodeal spiracle on lateral surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE477F8ABF785F8FE" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[790,968,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3); hypopygium with spiculum narrowing apicad (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE6ABF889F630F8D8" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[458,637,1826,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 12); aedeagal apex aligned to cuspis apex (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE3A1F889F13EF8D8" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[1216,1395,1826,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 10) ............................................................................................................................................... 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBCB17DE7DCF82EF13AFE83" blockId="4.[189,1399,1925,2020]" lastBlockId="5.[193,1399,265,360]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBCB17DE7DCF82EF13AFE83" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBCB17DE7DCF82EF13AFE83" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
4. Head about 1.6× as long as wide, rectangular, sides subparallel, in dorsal view (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE3DEF82EF13EF87B" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[1215,1395,1925,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1); ocelli nearly touching one another (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBCB17CE581F80CF7DDF825" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[736,912,1959,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1) ..................................................... .........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBCB17CE499F861F13AF807" authority="Azevedo, 2018" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2018" box="[1016,1399,1993,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolongiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBCB17CE499F861F0F2F800" bold="true" box="[1016,1215,1993,2020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. neolongiceps</emphasis>
Azevedo, 2018
</taxonomicName>
– Head about 1.2 × as long as wide, sides convergent posteriorly, in dorsal view (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE3DFFEA2F13EFEC7" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[1214,1395,265,291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6); posterior ocelli distant each other about 0.5× DAO (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE4C7FE80F01BFEA1" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[934,1110,299,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6) .......................... ............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE36CFEE5F13AFE83" authority="Azevedo, 2006" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[1037,1399,333,360]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE36CFEE5F0F0FE8C" bold="true" box="[1037,1213,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE3A4FEE6F13AFE83" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[1221,1399,333,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFE26F13AFE2E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFE26F13AFE43" blockId="5.[189,1399,397,458]" box="[189,1399,397,424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFE26F13AFE43" box="[189,1399,397,424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
5. Antenna with 10 flagellomeres (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE502FE25F6F0FE4C" box="[611,701,398,424]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,854,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-111@9.[189,1398,849,1880]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Megaprosternum bayaka sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (SAMC, SAM-HYM P103670). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A = 250 μm; B–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758955/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) ......................................................................................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FE1BF13AFE2E" blockId="5.[189,1399,397,458]" box="[193,1399,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FE1BF13AFE2E" box="[193,1399,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Antenna with 11 flagellomeres (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE503FE1BF6F3FE2E" box="[610,702,432,458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[247,1342,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@20.[243,1344,265,1879]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 7. Megaprosternum kayin sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (T4398, QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758965/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) ......................................................................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFE5BF13AFDC9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFE5BF13AFDEF" blockId="5.[189,1399,496,557]" box="[189,1399,496,523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFE5BF13AFDEF" box="[189,1399,496,523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
6. Mandible with two apical teeth .............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3F7FE5BF158FDEF" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1174,1301,496,523]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bayaka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3F7FE5BF158FDEF" bold="true" box="[1174,1301,496,523]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. bayaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DFE5AF13AFDEF" box="[1308,1399,497,523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FDB8F13AFDC9" blockId="5.[189,1399,496,557]" box="[193,1399,530,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FDB8F13AFDC9" box="[193,1399,530,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">– Mandible with three or four apical teeth ........................................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFDF8F13AFD6B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFDF8F13AFD89" blockId="5.[189,1399,594,655]" box="[189,1399,594,621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFDF8F13AFD89" box="[189,1399,594,621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
7. Median clypeal lobe without lateral carinae (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE599FDF8F71FFD88" box="[760,850,594,621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,285,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-11@17.[189,1398,266,1832]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Megaprosternum kariri sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (CZMA). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758963/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) ...........................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3C9FDF8F159FD89" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1192,1300,594,621]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kariri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3C9FDF8F159FD89" bold="true" box="[1192,1300,594,621]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. kariri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DFDF8F13AFD89" box="[1308,1399,595,621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FDDEF13AFD6B" blockId="5.[189,1399,594,655]" box="[193,1399,629,655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FDDEF13AFD6B" box="[193,1399,629,655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Median clypeal lobe with lateral carinae (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE5B0FDDEF77FFD6B" box="[721,818,629,655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,428,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-47@11.[189,1398,424,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Megaprosternum chamorro sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (lot 891, BPBM). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758957/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE45FFDDEF72FFD6B" box="[830,866,629,655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[200,1388,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Megaprosternum longiceps (Ashmead, 1900), syntypes, ♀♀ (USNMENT 01583000). A–C. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view of right specimen on figure A. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Labels. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758967/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8D</figureCitation>
) ................................................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFD1EF13BFCD2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFD1EF13AFD16" blockId="5.[189,1399,693,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFD1EF13AFD16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
8. Postocellar line almost as long as DAO (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE5A9FD1EF768FD2B" box="[712,805,693,719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,428,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-47@11.[189,1398,424,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Megaprosternum chamorro sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (lot 891, BPBM). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758957/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); transscutal fissure conspicuous (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE3D5FD1EF15DFD2B" box="[1204,1296,693,719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,428,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-47@11.[189,1398,424,1882]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Megaprosternum chamorro sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (lot 891, BPBM). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758957/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) .......... ..........................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE314FD73F158FD16" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1141,1301,727,754]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamorro" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE314FD73F158FD16" bold="true" box="[1141,1301,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. chamorro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DFD73F13AFD16" box="[1308,1399,728,754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FD51F13BFCD2" blockId="5.[189,1399,693,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FD51F13BFCD2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Postocellar line longer than DAO (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE5E2FD52F6ACFCF7" box="[643,737,761,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[200,1388,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Megaprosternum longiceps (Ashmead, 1900), syntypes, ♀♀ (USNMENT 01583000). A–C. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view of right specimen on figure A. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Labels. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758967/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
); transscutal fissure inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE3E9FD52F0ADFCF7" box="[1160,1248,761,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[200,1388,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Megaprosternum longiceps (Ashmead, 1900), syntypes, ♀♀ (USNMENT 01583000). A–C. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view of right specimen on figure A. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Labels. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758967/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
) ................. ............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE368FCB7F13BFCD2" authority="(Ashmead, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1033,1398,795,822]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Ateleopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE368FCB7F0EEFCD2" bold="true" box="[1033,1187,795,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. longiceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE3D2FCB0F123FCD2" author="Ashmead W. H." box="[1203,1390,795,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="327 - 360" refId="ref18785" refString="Ashmead W. H. 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: 327 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12157" type="journal article" year="1900">Ashmead, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFCF7F13BFC7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFCF7F13BFC92" blockId="5.[189,1398,860,921]" box="[189,1398,860,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFCF7F13BFC92" box="[189,1398,860,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
9. Apterous or micropterous forms (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE512FCF7F76EFC92" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[627,803,860,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 18) .............................................................. 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FCD4F13BFC7C" blockId="5.[189,1398,860,921]" box="[193,1398,894,921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FCD4F13BFC7C" box="[193,1398,894,921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Macropterous form (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE6BFFCD5F605FC7C" box="[478,584,894,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,707,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-122@35.[189,1398,701,1887]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 12. Megaprosternum samburu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ICIPE 49458). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, dorsal view. C–D. Mesosoma. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
) ........................................................................................................11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFC15F13AFC1E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFC15F13BFC3C" blockId="5.[189,1399,958,1019]" box="[189,1398,958,985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFC15F13BFC3C" box="[189,1398,958,985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
10. Apterous form .....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE375FC14F13BFC3C" authority="(Dodd, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1044,1398,958,985]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE375FC14F09CFC3D" bold="true" box="[1044,1233,958,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. norfolcensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE380FC15F123FC3C" author="Dodd A. P." box="[1249,1390,958,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FC4AF13AFC1E" blockId="5.[189,1399,958,1019]" box="[193,1399,992,1019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FC4AF13AFC1E" box="[193,1399,992,1019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Micropterous form (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE6B9FC4BF6C5FC1E" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[472,648,992,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 18) ......................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE36CFC4AF13AFC1E" authority="Azevedo, 2006" authorityName="Azevedo" authorityYear="2006" box="[1037,1399,992,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagonal">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE36CFC4AF0F0FC1F" bold="true" box="[1037,1213,992,1019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. pentagonal</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE3A4FC4BF13AFC1E" author="Azevedo C. O." box="[1221,1399,992,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref18876" refString="Azevedo C. O. 2006. Two new genera of Sclerodermini (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Epyrinae) with large scolebythid-like prosternums. Zootaxa 1191: 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1191.1.3 Azevedo C. O. &amp; Colombo W. D. 2022 a. Revision of Pristonesia (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Pristocerinae), an endemic Afrotropical genus. Zootaxa 5124: 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.3.3" type="book" year="2006">Azevedo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFB8AF13BFBB9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFB8AF13BFBDF" blockId="5.[189,1398,1057,1118]" box="[189,1398,1057,1083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFB8AF13BFBDF" box="[189,1398,1057,1083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
11. Head at most 1.20 × as long as wide, in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE435FB8AF7E3FBDF" box="[852,942,1057,1083]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,599,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[189,1398,593,1880]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Megaprosternum aka sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (SAMC, SAM-HYM P103665). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758953/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) ....................................................... 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FBEFF13BFBB9" blockId="5.[189,1398,1057,1118]" box="[193,1398,1091,1118]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FBEFF13BFBB9" box="[193,1398,1091,1118]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Head at least 1.25 × as long as wide, in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE431FBE8F7FDFBB9" box="[848,944,1091,1117]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,265,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[277,1310,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Megaprosternum navatu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758969/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 9C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE4DCFBE8F7A2FBB9" box="[957,1007,1091,1117]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,707,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-122@35.[189,1398,701,1887]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 12. Megaprosternum samburu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ICIPE 49458). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, dorsal view. C–D. Mesosoma. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12B</figureCitation>
) .............................................. 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFB28F13BFB24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFB28F13AFB7A" blockId="5.[189,1399,1155,1216]" box="[189,1399,1155,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFB28F13AFB7A" box="[189,1399,1155,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
12. Mesoscuto-scutellar foveae present (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE5F9FB28F6B9FB79" box="[664,756,1155,1181]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,599,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[189,1398,593,1880]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Megaprosternum aka sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (SAMC, SAM-HYM P103665). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758953/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) ............................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3A1FB2FF158FB7A" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1216,1301,1155,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3A1FB2FF158FB7A" bold="true" box="[1216,1301,1155,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. aka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DFB2FF13AFB7A" box="[1308,1399,1156,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FB0DF13BFB24" blockId="5.[189,1399,1155,1216]" box="[193,1398,1189,1216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FB0DF13BFB24" box="[193,1398,1189,1216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Mesoscuto-scutellar foveae absent (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE5EFFB0DF712FB24" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[654,863,1189,1216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE5BFFB0DF754FB5B" box="[734,793,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5f) ...................................................... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFB4DF13AFAA0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFB4DF13BFAE4" blockId="5.[189,1399,1253,1349]" box="[189,1398,1253,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFB4DF13BFAE4" box="[189,1398,1253,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
13. Median clypeal lobe straight (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE528FB4DF6FFFAE4" box="[585,690,1254,1280]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,571,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-103@28.[189,1398,567,1882]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 10. Megaprosternum norfolcensis (Dodd, 1924). A–B, D. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 015663883). C. Non-type, ♀ (NHMUK 0015663884). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B–C. Head, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B–C = 250 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758971/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
) .............................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE375FB4DF13BFAE4" authority="(Dodd, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Dodd" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1044,1398,1253,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sclerodermus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norfolcensis">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE375FB4DF09CFAE4" bold="true" box="[1044,1233,1253,1280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. norfolcensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE380FB4DF123FAE4" author="Dodd A. P." box="[1249,1390,1254,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="162 - 186" refId="ref19686" refString="Dodd A. P. 1924. Chalcidoidea and Proctotrupoidea from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia 48: 162 - 186. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571496 [accessed 15 Jan. 2024]." type="journal article" year="1924">Dodd, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FAA2F13AFAA0" blockId="5.[189,1399,1253,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FAA2F13AFAA0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Median clypeal lobe incurved (
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE536FAA3F768FAC6" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[599,805,1288,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gupta
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE5C9FAA2F6AEFAC6" box="[680,739,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5B) ................................................................ .......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE410FA81F13AFAA0" authority="Gupta &amp; Azevedo, 2017" authorityName="Gupta &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2017" box="[881,1399,1322,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleonarovorum">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE410FA81F01FFAA1" bold="true" box="[881,1106,1322,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. cleonarovorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92614B40FFBDB17DE338FA81F13AFAA0" author="Gupta A. &amp; Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O." box="[1113,1399,1322,1348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref20023" refString="Gupta A., Rajeshwari S. K. &amp; Azevedo C. O. 2017. Biology and description of Megaprosternum cleonarovorum sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of Cleonaria bicolor Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from India. Zootaxa 4237: 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4237.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Gupta &amp; Azevedo, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFAC0F13BFA43" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFAC0F13AFA61" blockId="5.[189,1399,1386,1447]" box="[189,1399,1386,1413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFAC0F13AFA61" box="[189,1399,1386,1413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
14. Probasisternum large with anterior margin weakly angulated (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE4A1FAC1F066FA61" box="[960,1067,1386,1413]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,707,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-122@35.[189,1398,701,1887]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 12. Megaprosternum samburu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (ICIPE 49458). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, dorsal view. C–D. Mesosoma. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–D = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758975/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
) .........
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3E0FAC0F158FA61" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1153,1301,1386,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samburu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3E0FAC0F158FA61" bold="true" box="[1153,1301,1386,1413]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. samburu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DFAC0F13AFA61" box="[1308,1399,1387,1413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0FA26F13BFA43" blockId="5.[189,1399,1386,1447]" box="[193,1398,1420,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0FA26F13BFA43" box="[193,1398,1420,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Probasisternum strongly large with anterior margin strongly angulated (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE352FA26F0C6FA43" box="[1075,1163,1421,1447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,265,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[277,1310,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Megaprosternum navatu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758969/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
) ......................... 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="4D042E14FFBDB17DE7DCFA66F13BF9A9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCFA66F13AF9EE" blockId="5.[189,1399,1485,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7DCFA66F13AF9EE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
15. Head at least 1.50 × as long as wide with sides diverging posterad, in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE267FA66F125FA03" box="[1286,1384,1485,1511]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,265,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[277,1310,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Megaprosternum navatu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758969/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
); probasisternum with posterior margin straight (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE475FA44F721F9ED" box="[788,876,1519,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,265,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[277,1310,265,1878]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Megaprosternum navatu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758969/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
) ......................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3F8FA44F158F9ED" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1177,1301,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="navatu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3F8FA44F158F9ED" bold="true" box="[1177,1301,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. navatu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DFA5BF13AF9EE" box="[1308,1399,1520,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0F9B9F13BF9A9" blockId="5.[189,1399,1485,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0F9B9F13BF9A9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Head at most 1.40 × as long as wide with sides parallel or converging posterad, in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE792F998F510F9AA" box="[243,349,1587,1614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,608,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-79@31.[189,1398,604,1880]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 11. Megaprosternum nuaulu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (RMNH). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758973/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
); probasisternum with posterior margin curved (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE4F5F998F7B7F9AA" box="[916,1018,1587,1614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,608,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-79@31.[189,1398,604,1880]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 11. Megaprosternum nuaulu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (RMNH). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758973/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
) ............................................ 16
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCF9DFF13AF954" blockId="5.[189,1399,1652,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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16. Propodeal spiracle on lateral surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE303F9DFF081F96A" box="[1122,1228,1652,1678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,608,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-79@31.[189,1398,604,1880]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 11. Megaprosternum nuaulu sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (RMNH). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758973/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
) .................... ...............................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3F5F93DF158F954" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1172,1301,1685,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuaulu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3F5F93DF158F954" bold="true" box="[1172,1301,1685,1712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. nuaulu</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DF93DF13AF954" box="[1308,1399,1686,1712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0F912F13BF936" blockId="5.[189,1399,1652,1747]" box="[193,1398,1720,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0F912F13BF936" box="[193,1398,1720,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Propodeal spiracle on dorsal surface of the metapectal-propodeal complex (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE301F913F08FF937" box="[1120,1218,1720,1747]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,475,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-62@15.[189,1398,471,1886]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5.Megaprosternum hmong sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (BPBM). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758959/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE3AFF913F0BEF936" box="[1230,1267,1720,1746]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[247,1342,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@20.[243,1344,265,1879]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 7. Megaprosternum kayin sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (T4398, QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758965/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7D</figureCitation>
) .......... 17
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7DCF952F13AF8D1" blockId="5.[189,1399,1784,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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17. Malar space 0.1× HE (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE698F953F61BF8F7" box="[505,598,1784,1811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,475,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-62@15.[189,1398,471,1886]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5.Megaprosternum hmong sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (BPBM). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758959/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
); epicnemium with anterior margin outcurved (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE3E5F953F092F8F7" box="[1156,1247,1784,1811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,475,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-62@15.[189,1398,471,1886]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5.Megaprosternum hmong sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (BPBM). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758959/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
); equidistant distal hamuli; S2pa widening posterad .................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3F6F8B0F158F8D1" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1175,1301,1818,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hmong" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3F6F8B0F158F8D1" bold="true" box="[1175,1301,1818,1845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. hmong</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DF8B0F13AF8D1" box="[1308,1399,1819,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBDB17DE7A0F896F13AF89D" blockId="5.[189,1399,1784,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<keyLead id="4D019584FFBDB17DE7A0F896F13AF89D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
– Malar space absent (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE6BCF896F670F8B3" box="[477,573,1853,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[247,1342,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@20.[243,1344,265,1879]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 7. Megaprosternum kayin sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (T4398, QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758965/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); epicnemium with anterior margin straight (
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBDB17DE32FF896F0E7F8B3" box="[1102,1194,1853,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[247,1342,269,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@20.[243,1344,265,1879]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 7. Megaprosternum kayin sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (T4398, QSBG). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758965/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
); non-equidistant distal hamuli; S2pa evenly wide .............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBDB17DE3C8F8F4F158F89D" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1193,1301,1886,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kayin" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBDB17DE3C8F8F4F158F89D" bold="true" box="[1193,1301,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. kayin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBDB17DE27DF8F4F13AF89D" box="[1308,1399,1887,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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110
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<mods:location id="E54676A8EF2134D7DBC42600070DA719">
<mods:url id="DCFB2ADA555D5F1DCE016086EAD2016D">https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2659/12299</mods:url>
</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier id="A133C94AE6359851343603412247F249" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2024.958.2659</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69CD4EB49478E46EA2840E6BAC0BB429" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="580D9FBA22818808DDEAC1B22A0A8F25" type="Zenodo-Dep">13758948</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="069BAD9F2ECDA4E72DF4E07295F27F13" type="ZooBank">6FFE3969-D8EF-4082-9107-F98187116C28</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="10E98BFD9616AFA95271EAE41E33869A" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2024.958.2659</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="BEEA653AFFBEB17EE506FEA2F780FEC7" box="[615,973,264,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBEB17EE506FEA2F780FEC7" blockId="6.[369,1218,264,361]" box="[615,973,264,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="AD0781DDFFBEB17EE506FEA2F780FEC7" box="[615,973,264,291]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="31F04D32FFBEB17EE506FEA2F726FEC7" authorityName="Colombo &amp; Azevedo" authorityYear="2024" box="[615,875,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Megaprosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aka" status="sp. nov.">
@ -62,14 +62,14 @@
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFB757D8FFBEB17EE413FEA2F780FEC7" box="[882,973,265,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
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<uri id="82613AB3FFBEB17EE610FE87F08FFEA3" box="[369,1218,300,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBEB17EE596FEE4F771FE8D" blockId="6.[369,1218,264,361]" box="[759,828,335,361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<figureCitation id="6ECB2A34FFBEB17EE596FEE4F771FE8D" box="[759,828,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,599,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[189,1398,593,1880]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Megaprosternum aka sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (SAMC, SAM-HYM P103665). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D–E. Mesosoma. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 μm; C–E = 125 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758953/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
@ -127,24 +127,31 @@ is derived from the Aka, a nomadic Mbenga Pygmy people who live in the southwest
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBEB17EE7DCFCB0F5E7FCD1" bold="true" box="[189,426,795,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFBEB17EE78BFCE1F534FC0B" collectingDate="2001-05-07" collectionCode="SAMC" collectorName="S. van Noort" country="Central African Republic" elevation="510" latitude="3.0335" location="Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="16.4095" municipality="Mabea Bai" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="SAM-HYM P103665" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Prefecture Sangha-Mbaere" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBEB17EE78BFCE1F511FC80" blockId="6.[189,1399,842,1007]" box="[234,348,842,868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBEB17EE78BFCE1F511FC80" bold="true" box="[234,348,842,868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="294B8813FFBEB17EE78BFCE1F511FC80" box="[234,348,842,868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBEB17EE7DCFCC7F534FC0B" blockId="6.[189,1399,842,1007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="46983CECFFBEB17EE7DCFCC7F534FC0B" collectingDate="2001-05-07" collectionCode="SAMC, SAM-HYM" collectorName="S. van Noort" country="Central African Republic" elevation="510" latitude="3.0335" location="Prefecture" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="16.4095" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="P103665" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sangha-Mbaere" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="8EE77621FFBEB17EE7DCFCC7F628FC62" box="[189,613,876,902]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="C484EAA3FFBEB17EE5E9FCC7F790FC62" bold="true" box="[648,989,875,902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<location id="F32F606AFFBEB17EE5E9FCC7F746FC62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFBEB170E506FEA2F70DFE25:F32F606AFFBEB17EE5E9FCC7F746FC62" box="[648,779,876,902]" country="Central African Republic" latitude="3.0335" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="16.4095" name="Prefecture" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Sangha-Mbaere">Prefecture</location>
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFBEB17EE474FCC0F790FC62" box="[789,989,875,902]" country="Central African Republic" name="Sangha-Mbaere" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sangha-Mbaéré</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="3434F853FFBEB17EE5E9FCC7F790FC62" box="[648,989,875,902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="E0F6FD38FFBEB17EE49CFCC6F059FC63" box="[1021,1044,877,903]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; “Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai,
<quantity id="31089B54FFBEB17EE5BEFC24F709FC4D" box="[735,836,911,937]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="21.4">21.4 km</quantity>
, 53° NE [of] Bayanga,
; “Prefecture Sangha-Mbaéré,
<location id="F32F606AFFBEB17EE7DCFC24F672FC4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E5987A7FFBEB170E506FEA2F70DFE25:F32F606AFFBEB17EE7DCFC24F672FC4D" box="[189,575,911,937]" country="Central African Republic" latitude="3.0335" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="16.4095" municipality="Mabea Bai" name="Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Prefecture Sangha-Mbaere">Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="162BACCBFFBEB17EE52DFC24F69CFC4D" box="[588,721,911,937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mabéa Bai</collectingMunicipality>
,
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<locationDeviation id="E7FD2F93FFBEB17EE5BEFC24F709FC4D" box="[735,836,911,937]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="21.4">21.4 km</locationDeviation>
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,
<locationDeviation id="E7FD2F93FFBEB17EE432FC24F7E1FC4D" box="[851,940,911,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">53° NE</locationDeviation>
[of] Bayanga,
<geoCoordinate id="93C45076FFBEB17EE302FC24F092FC4D" box="[1123,1247,911,937]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="02.01" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="3.0335">3°02.01’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="93C45076FFBEB17EE389FC24F13FFC4E" box="[1256,1394,911,938]" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="24.57" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="16.4095">16°24.57’E</geoCoordinate>
,
@ -160,11 +167,10 @@ is derived from the Aka, a nomadic Mbenga Pygmy people who live in the southwest
, Sweep, CAR01-S87, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing”;
<collectionCode id="90E1AE74FFBEB17EE3ADFC19F16FFC28" box="[1228,1314,946,972]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="90E1AE74FFBEB17EE24CFC19F54CFC0B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SAM-HYM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFBEB17EE668FC7FF538FC0B" box="[265,373,980,1007]" collectionCode="SAM-HYM" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P103665</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="A6569ECAFFBEB17EE24CFC19F538FC0B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SAM-HYM P103665</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F64F36B1FFBEB17EE7DCFBBEF503FBCB" blockId="6.[189,334,1045,1071]" box="[189,334,1045,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">