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<document id="E299EA3EE9FCB91BBF4AC127DCAF53C6" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291971" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05c52030-f2c2-414d-bc08-76e006bea9e1" ID-ISBN="978-0-9506207-7-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="291971" checkinTime="1588973240789" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Jarvis, Charlie" docDate="2007" docId="FEC81ABF5E8FEA417D1520EB68094302" docLanguage="en" docName="ch7.gg.A.xml" docOrigin="Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum" docTitle="Zoysia matrella Merr." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="270" masterDocId="AE82AC14FF260691E35B55D432A46BB5" masterDocTitle="Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="252" pageNumber="270" updateTime="1642041405166" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="81C37ABADF9381154DF30AA365D679CF">
<mods:title id="5448652985CED4B8E5E0A73439A95C8F">Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="56EC174A9F23D8DDC65A51E8242CC0EF">Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DA18D2CD5AED307417F243841276661A">Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23A3E00F05BE28D46F7BB55556EFE0E9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="001AE7E52954A75B1CE92B353617DA40">Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="E46E8CDF3C0370485F58B8F02A49AB63">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EB0EC0446D8CD9204A6DB70EF9790272" type="ISBN">978-0-9506207-7-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FEC81ABF5E8FEA417D1520EB68094302" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4376191" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163998907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4376191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FEC81ABF5E8FEA417D1520EB68094302" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FEC81ABF5E8FEA417D1520EB68094302" lastPageNumber="270" pageNumber="270">
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<treatmentCitation id="2ADE53B4A3D88AE4AB2314D729342181" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="185" year="1771">
<bibCitation id="1886FBCD6E5D5FAEA66908488263018F" author="Linnaeus" pagination="185" title="Agrostis matrella" volumeTitle="Mantissa Plantarum Altera" year="1771">
<taxonomicName id="630DDEA0F07737C3C11C0114A6FA624B" ID-CoL="8WHKB" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="matrella">
<emphasis id="8595397D40C887C39E499A9929EE4A25" bold="true" pageNumber="270">Agrostis matrella</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
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<volumeTitle id="A0C2E8689A33CB6AEEE4F9EBAE5D161A">Mantissa Plantarum Altera</volumeTitle>
:
</emphasis>
185. 1771
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</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BD2FC16E18FFE86ADEF2A977D78246B8" pageNumber="270" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F87EEE9E3C269D68B58A7B5EC8D34689" pageNumber="270">&quot;Habitat in Malabariae arenosis. Koenig. 56.&quot; RCN: 537.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="328E196A0B3E07D583415F2373E8F2DC" pageNumber="270" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AC1FB0AB22167E72E20CEC7EAEE406C4" pageNumber="270">
<typeStatus id="65D2BA37B32FC6C81EF7C7B4E59B56EF">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Goudswaard in
<emphasis id="DDACD77DEC81C205C6A17DBFBED616E2" italics="true" pageNumber="270">Blumea</emphasis>
26: 171. 1980):
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<normalizedToken id="D8AD9E2B6CF1A30C5B1FFBA90D91ECAD" originalValue="König">Koenig</normalizedToken>
56
</emphasis>
, Herb. Linn. No. 84.11 (LINN;
<typeStatus id="A07F9F05F96908A468C6A871AE6C420E">iso-</typeStatus>
Herb. A. van Royen 909.67-176, L).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0F58FD2DD62A63CA311E89212E0443DD" pageNumber="270" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CA1FD31B597C9DE8CA1953D51F7A800F" pageNumber="270">
Current name:
<taxonomicName id="515A82DACDBD27BB8DDC831EC3E3DD16" ID-CoL="5D8TL" ID-ENA="38722" authority="(L.) Merr." authorityName="Merr." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zoysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="matrella">
<emphasis id="98EA8BFF9BEBE9C91900F9945DAC0866" bold="true" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="0B38580097B1DFE2E18B90399FC6E515" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="270">Zoysia matrella</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(L.) Merr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="EE17CC91864FEC6AFF4832905847EEA4" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704" ID-GBIF-Dataset="00685a01-0785-47ec-aa0b-77c991ee4b08" ID-PMC="PMC7078340" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-65-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DED2BF86E6FD56179642F7119604CEB9" ID-PubMed="32206025" ModsDocID="1314-4049-65-49" checkinTime="1583860301782" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hou, Lingwei, Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita, Groenewald, Johannes Zacharias, Cai, Lei &amp; Crous, Pedro W." docDate="2020" docId="FEC84CB949165A72A05A05189B939B0E" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 65: 49-99" docOrigin="MycoKeys 65" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704" docTitle="Stagonosporopsis weymaniae Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DED2BF86E6FD56179642F7119604CEB9" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="DED2BF86E6FD56179642F7119604CEB9" masterDocTitle="Citizen science project reveals high diversity in Didymellaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668136425574" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Citizen science project reveals high diversity in Didymellaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hou, Lingwei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Groenewald, Johannes Zacharias</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cai, Lei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Crous, Pedro W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>65</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FEC84CB949165A72A05A05189B939B0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FEC84CB949165A72A05A05189B939B0E" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName LSID="FEC84CB9-4916-5A72-A05A-05189B939B0E" authority="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Stagonosporopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stagonosporopsis weymaniae" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="weymaniae" status="sp. nov.">Stagonosporopsis weymaniae Hern.-Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Stagonosporopsis weymaniae (CBS 144959). A, B Colony on OA (front and reverse) C, D colony on MEA (front and reverse) E, F colony on PDA (front and reverse) G-I pycnidia forming on OA J, L conidiogenous cells K subglobose conidia M stromatic hyphal aggregations N chlamydospores O oblong conidia. Scale bars: 100 μm (I); 10 μm (J-N); 5 μm (O)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388213" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">weymaniae</emphasis>
refers to Anna Weyman, who collected the soil sample from which the ex-type strain was isolated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="typus">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Typus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The Netherlands. Utrecht province, Baarn, isolated from garden soil, Mar. 2017, A. Weyman (
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">holotype</emphasis>
designated here CBS H-24110; living ex-type culture CBS 144959 = JW 201003).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Conidiomata</emphasis>
pycnidial, semi-immersed or immersed, mostly solitary, scattered or aggregated, (sub-)globose, whitish to buff, glabrous, 330-650
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
250-550
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; non-ostiolate or with a single, inconspicuous ostiole; pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, 2-9 layers, 20-60
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, outer layers composed of hyaline, flattened polygonal cells.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Conidiogenous cells</emphasis>
phialidic, hyaline, smooth, (sub-)globose to ampulliform, 4.5-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Macroconidia</emphasis>
oblong, smooth- and thin-walled, hyaline, aseptate, 4-6.5(-8)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 1-3(-4)-guttulate, with one large central guttule or two large polar guttules.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Microconidia</emphasis>
produced in the same pycnidia with macroconidia, globose to subglobose, smooth, hyaline, aseptate, 3-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, with a single, small guttule.
<taxonomicName genus="Conidial" lsidName="Conidial matrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="matrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Conidial matrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whitish.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Chlamydospores</emphasis>
unicellular, intercalary in chains, barrel-shaped, thick-walled, pale brown to green brown, guttulate, 9.5-14
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11-16
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
diam.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Culture characteristics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colonies after 7 d at 25 °C, on OA reaching 70-75 mm diam, sparse aerial mycelium, buff to pale olivaceous with sparse olivaceous zones, darker grey near the centre, abundant production of buff pycnidia, margin regular; reverse pale olivaceous, olivaceous black near the centre. On MEA reaching 80-85 mm diam, margin regular, aerial mycelium floccose, yellow to vinaceous buff; reverse orange to olivaceous. On PDA reaching 75-80 mm diam, margin regular, covered by floccose aerial mycelium, centre vinaceous buff, dark olivaceous towards the periphery with production of buff pycnidia; reverse olivaceous black, olivaceous towards the periphery. NaOH spot test: pale reddish discolouration on OA plate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Stagonosporopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stagonosporopsis weymaniae" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="weymaniae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Stagonosporopsis weymaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is phylogenetically closely related to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. stuijvenbergii" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="stuijvenbergii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. stuijvenbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree generated from the maximum-likelihood analysis based on the combined ITS, LSU, tub 2 and rpb 2 sequence alignment of Didymellaceae members. The RAxML bootstrap support values (BS), Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), and parsimony bootstrap support values (PBS) are given at the nodes (BS / PP / PBS). BS and PBS values represent parsimony bootstrap support values&gt; 50 %. Full supported branches are indicated in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. Ex-type strains are represented in bold. Strains obtained in the current study are printed in green; among them, whilst strains that represent new taxa are printed in red. Some of the basal branches were shortened to facilitate layout (the fraction in round parentheses refers to the presented length compared to the actual length of the branch). The tree was rooted to Coniothyrium palmarum CBS 400.71 and Leptosphaeria doliolum CBS 505.75." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388204" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
). Morphological differences between
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. weymaniae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="weymaniae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. weymaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. stuijvenbergii" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="stuijvenbergii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. stuijvenbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are discussed under the latter species.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Stagonosporopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stagonosporopsis weymaniae" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="weymaniae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Stagonosporopsis weymaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. stuijvenbergii" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="stuijvenbergii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. stuijvenbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed a sister group with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bomiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bomiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. bomiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. papillata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two plant pathogens from China (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.06.002" author="Chen, Q" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 159" refId="B14" refString="Chen, Q, Hou, LW, Duan, WJ, Crous, PW, Cai, L, 2017. Didymellaceae revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 105 - 159, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.06.002" title="Didymellaceae revisited." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.06.002" volume="87" year="2017">Chen et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. weymaniae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="weymaniae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. weymaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from them by producing larger pycnidia [330-650
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
250-550
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
vs. 100-200
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100-180
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bomiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bomiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. bomiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and (130-)200-280
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(100-)150-250
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. papillata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and microconidia which are absent in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. papillata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bomiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bomiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">S. bomiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.06.002" author="Chen, Q" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 159" refId="B14" refString="Chen, Q, Hou, LW, Duan, WJ, Crous, PW, Cai, L, 2017. Didymellaceae revisited. Studies in Mycology 87: 105 - 159, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.06.002" title="Didymellaceae revisited." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.06.002" volume="87" year="2017">Chen et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388213" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Stagonosporopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stagonosporopsis weymaniae" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="weymaniae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Stagonosporopsis weymaniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CBS 144959).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A, B</emphasis>
Colony on OA (front and reverse)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C, D</emphasis>
colony on MEA (front and reverse)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">E, F</emphasis>
colony on PDA (front and reverse)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">G-I</emphasis>
pycnidia forming on OA
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">J, L</emphasis>
conidiogenous cells
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">K</emphasis>
subglobose conidia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M</emphasis>
stromatic hyphal aggregations
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N</emphasis>
chlamydospores
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">O</emphasis>
oblong conidia. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">J-N</emphasis>
); 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">O</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Esp.
<taxonomicName id="812681CD6998E06B4F948167603DA7B9" ID-CoL="QDTN" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26752" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus grandidieri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">C. Grandidieri</taxonomicName>
Forel.
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<paragraph id="3460EFC7ABF955F67F4C4555C391E565">Deux [[ worker ]] recoltees a Nossi-be pres Madagascar par le Dr C. Keller.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authority="Bres., Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Roveretana. 3 (1): 115 (1897)" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Thelephoraceae" genus="Hypochnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hypochnus sitnensis" order="Thelephorales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sitnensis">Hypochnus sitnensis Bres., Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Roveretana. 3(1): 115 (1897)</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
SLOVAKIA [Hungary at the time of collection].
<normalizedToken originalValue="Prenčow">Prencow</normalizedToken>
, Sitno, infra filagorum, in trunco putr. Fagi, 11 September 1895, Andr. Kmet (holotype: S F15178!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="unite sh">
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">UNITE SH.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">SH030560.07FU</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Basidiomata annual, resupinate, membranaceous, effused - often to several tens of centimetres in diameter. Mature parts continuous, with a cottony texture when fresh and a rather firm, fibrous and compact, yet quite soft and elastic texture when dried. Hymenium smooth, but sometimes strongly undulating; blue grey to purplish-brown when fresh, blue grey or blue-greenish grey to brown, with a reddish hue, when dried. Immature parts discontinuous, byssoid with a cottony texture, both when fresh and when dried. Subhymenium and hymenium of immature parts blue green, blue or blue grey when fresh and pale grey blue or pale blue grey to grey blue or blue grey when dried, sometimes with a green hue. Subiculum well developed, loose, fibrous, orange brown; often forms the outer edge of basidiomata, extending noticeably beyond the hymenium.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hyphal cords lacking, but loose bundles of subicular hyphae sometimes present.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hyphal system monomitic, clamp connections absent from all hyphae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Subicular hyphae noticeably long and straight, thick-walled; forming a loose tissue. Individual hyphae (4.5) 4.6-7.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, with a mean width of 5.4-6.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; orange brown to dark brown in KOH, orange brown to brown in water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Subhymenial hyphae often somewhat sinuous, thin to thick-walled; forming a rather dense tissue. Individual hyphae 3.2-6.2 (7.2)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, with a mean width of 3.9-4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; pale orange brown to pale green in KOH, blue green in the presence of air; pale green to pale greenish-orange in water, with strongly granular contents.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Encrustation granular, probably amyloid (hard to observe due to the colour); blackish in KOH, dark blue green in the presence of air; blackish in water; scattered in occurrence on the upper parts of subhymenial hyphae and on the lower parts of basidia.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Basidia with four slightly curved sterigmata, occasionally two-sterigmate; clavate to narrowly clavate, sometimes clavopedunculate, thin-walled, with one-three slight
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">constrictions</pageBreakToken>
. Dimensions: 51-76 (-84)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(8.1) 8.3-13.7 (-14.6)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; mean dimensions: 56-62
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9.6-11.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Sterigmata (8.0) 8.3-11.3 (13.3)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, with a mean length of 9.4-10.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Colours and reactions the same as for the subhymenial hyphae, but in addition often with granular contents in KOH.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cystidial organs lacking.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Basidiospores in frontal face generally with a subcircular basic shape and an unlobed, angular, weakly nodulose or sometimes cross-shaped outline, covered in bi- or trifurcate, occasionally singularly attached echinuli. A majority of the spores normally unlobed or with three-five indistinct corners to rounded lobes; subcircular spores with more pronounced, sometimes square lobes or ovoid to subellipsoid spores also common in some specimens; subcircular, six-lobed spores infrequently occurring, as well as abnormally large spores originating from two-sterigmate basidia. Frontal dimensions: 7.7-9.1 (9.2)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.0-9.2 (9.6)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; mean dimensions: 8.3-8.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.4-8.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; Q-value: 0.9-1.1; mean Q-value: 1.0-1.1. Echinuli (0.8) 0.9-1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, with a mean length of 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Lateral face ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid or sometimes semicircular in shape, usually with evenly rounded edges, sometimes with one-three lobes. Lateral dimensions: (7.7) 8.0-9.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6.0) 6.1-6.8 (7.0)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; mean dimensions: 8.3-8.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.3-6.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; Q-value: 1.2-1.4 (-1.5); mean Q-value: 1.3. Colour in KOH brown to orange brown, in the presence of air often with a blue green reaction; in water greenish-orange to orange brown; occasionally amyloid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Chlamydospores lacking.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Data on habitat are scarce to date, but recent Scandinavian collections have been made in mature to old deciduous or mixed forests on soil with intermediate to high pH.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Thelephoraceae" genus="Pseudotomentella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudotomentella tristis" order="Thelephorales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tristis">Pseudotomentella tristis</taxonomicName>
has been found to form ectomycorrhiza with at least
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula pendula" order="Fagales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendula">Betula pendula</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus sylvatica" order="Fagales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Koljalg, U" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1063 - 1068" title="UNITE: a database providing web-based methods for the molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01376.x" volume="166" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kõljalg">Koljalg</normalizedToken>
et al. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Nilsson, RH" journalOrPublisher="MycoKeys" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" url="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky1022" year="2019">Nilsson et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Basidiomata encountered in: Estonia, Finland, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden. Soil or root tip samples confirm presence also in: Germany.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
We here select a Swedish specimen to serve as an epitype for both
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. fuscata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="fuscata">H. fuscata</taxonomicName>
. This decision is based on four reasons: first, the present study has found
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. fuscata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="fuscata">H. fuscata</taxonomicName>
to be conspecific; secondly, the lectotypes of these species were both collected in Finland (within the same county); thirdly we have found
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
to occur at several localities in both Finland and Sweden; and fourthly, the Swedish material chosen is both ampler and displays more variation with respect to maturity of the basidiome than the single available recent Finnish collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
The type specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sitnensis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="sitnensis">H. sitnensis</taxonomicName>
was collected in Slovakia, i.e. far from the type locality of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
. It displays the morphological characters of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
, apart from the absence of an amyloid reaction in the encrusting material found on basidia and subhymenial hyphae. This might be an artefact of, for example, its drying conditions, time or intraspecific variation, but since the specimen is in too poor a condition to allow DNA sequencing with currently available methods, this cannot be ascertained. We therefore consider it a synonym of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
and suggest it be epitypified in due course with locally sampled material that matches the type.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
the case of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sitnensis" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="sitnensis">H. sitnensis</taxonomicName>
, there is only one collection matching the locality and habitat description of the protologue as well as the collector stated. It predates the publication of the species. This collection must hence be regarded as a holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
P.A. Karsten 770 is the lectotype of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. fuscata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fuscata">H. fuscata</taxonomicName>
, as designated by Larsen in Nova Hedwigia (1971), but his note has been placed in P.A. Karsten 769, which has created confusion amongst mycologists studying these specimens. Mature spores that fall within the morphological span of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
can easily be found in all collections that match
<bibRefCitation author="Karsten, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bidrag till Kaennedom af Finlands Natur och Folk" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 470" title="Kritisk oefversigt af Finlands Basidsvampar (Basidiomycetes; Gastero- &amp; Hymenomycetes)." volume="48" year="1889">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karsten’s">Karsten's</normalizedToken>
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description of the species, with respect to locality and date. It would hence seem that the smooth, small, bluish spores he writes of in the protologue (see Introduction) probably were immature ones, studied in the presence of air.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Within the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
group, basidiomata of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tristis" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="tristis">P. tristis</taxonomicName>
itself can be recognised by their lack of hyphal cords and skeletal hyphae and their soft, rather elastic texture after drying, bluish to greenish colour of immature parts, wide subicular hyphae, medium sized, commonly angular to nodulose spores and relatively long echinuli and sterigmata.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Thelephoraceae" genus="Pseudotomentella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudotomentella tristoides" order="Thelephorales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tristoides">Pseudotomentella tristoides</taxonomicName>
is similar but has shorter echinuli and sterigmata,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sciastra" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="sciastra">P. sciastra</taxonomicName>
has smaller, star-shaped spores and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. rhacodium" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="rhacodium">H. rhacodium</taxonomicName>
(only known from the type) has hard, brittle basidiomata after drying.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="additional specimens studied">
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Additional specimens studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
ESTONIA. Valga:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Otepää">Otepaeae</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kääriku">Kaeaeriku</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Välkjärve">Vaelkjaerve</normalizedToken>
, 10 September 2012, U.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kõljalg">Koljalg</normalizedToken>
(TU 115439*); Tartumaa:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Võnnu">Vonnu</normalizedToken>
, Terikeste, on fallen branch of
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea abies" order="Pinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abies">Picea abies</taxonomicName>
in mixed forest, 20 August 1996, U.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kõljalg">Koljalg</normalizedToken>
(TAAM 159485*);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lääne">Laeaene</normalizedToken>
: Vormsi, road from Diby to Norrby, deciduous forest with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus" order="Fagales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Corylus</taxonomicName>
, 27 September 2008, U.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kõljalg">Koljalg</normalizedToken>
(TU 108134*);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
FINLAND.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kanta-Häme">Kanta-Haeme</normalizedToken>
: Lammi, Lammi Biological Station, Leib-rich forest, 12 September 2001, U.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kõljalg">Koljalg</normalizedToken>
(TU 108757*); Satakunta: Luvia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Säppi">Saeppi</normalizedToken>
, on fallen decayed
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
, 11 September 2013, L. Kosonen 54/13* (TUR);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
NORWAY.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Møre">More</normalizedToken>
og Romsdal: Nesset, Eikesdal,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ljåstranda">Ljastranda</normalizedToken>
, rich, deciduous forest, 18 September 2011, K.-H. Larsson 15084* (O); Oppland: Vinstra, Liadalen, rich, deciduous forest, 24 September 2013, K.-H. Larsson 16367* (O); Hedmark: Ringsaker, Liberget, 24 August 1984, K.-H. Larsson 5901 (GB 87563); Sogn og Fjordane: Stryn, Flostranda Nature Reserve, boreonemoral, deciduous forest on ground with high pH, 25 September 2013, K.-H. Larsson (O F110297*); Rogaland: Forsand,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rössdalen">Roessdalen</normalizedToken>
, boreonemoral, deciduous forest on ground with high pH, 29 September 2012, K.-H. Larsson and S. Svantesson (O F110298*); Oppland: Nord-Fron, Liadalane Nature Reserve, boreonemoral, deciduous forest on ground with intermediate pH, 24 September 2013, K.-H. Larsson (O F110299, F110300*);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
SLOVENIA. Upravna enota
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kočevje">Kocevje</normalizedToken>
: Rahjenavski Rog virgin forest reserve, S and E edge of the reserve, beech-silver fir old growth forest, 21 September 2012, S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kõljalg">Koljalg</normalizedToken>
; U.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kõljalg">Koljalg</normalizedToken>
(TU 115642*);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
SWEDEN.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västerbotten">Vaesterbotten</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vännäs">Vaennaes</normalizedToken>
(municipality),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vännäs">Vaennaes</normalizedToken>
(parish),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Orrböle">Orrboele</normalizedToken>
, boreal, mixed, secondary, mature forest, on ground with high pH, 28 August 2015, S. Svantesson 188 (GB); Dalsland:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ödskölt">Oedskoelt</normalizedToken>
, S of lake
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ivägsjön">Ivaegsjoen</normalizedToken>
, on deciduous wood, 22 September 1990, K. Hjortstam 17197 (K.-H. Larsson private collection).
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<paragraph id="9BA01ABE18D956A1977F6088C6AEAE6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997">
Questionable status. A poorly known species which is frequently reported in ecological lists, but no recent descriptions exist (the newest being by
<bibRefCitation id="017CFBBA7D8EFEC953B641982D2AC24E" author="Fauvel, P." journalOrPublisher="Paul Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="20997" title="Faune de France: Polychetes errantes" year="1923">Fauvel (1923)</bibRefCitation>
, who reproduces description and illustrations by
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and
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). The species is not included in the treatise of the family by
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San
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. Type locality: Mediterranean (Port-Vendres, France).
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nonnitens (LeConte, 1873)
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<taxonomicName id="04E8B50E9FDE33DB3D03E1E8930EF627" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Evarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="557" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nonnitens">Evarthrus nonnitens</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1873a: 320. Type locality: &quot;Red River, Louisiana&quot; (original citation). Holotype [by monotypy; designated lectotype by Freitag (1969: 144)] (♀) in MCZ [# 5656].
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<taxonomicName id="48B918EC81335B10A5B619FDCF329A48" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Evarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="557" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">Evarthrus enormis</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1918: 361. Type locality: &quot;Houston [Harris County], Texas&quot; (original citation). Lectotype [as holotype] (♀), designated by Freitag (1969: 144), in USNM [# 47125]. Synonymy established by Freitag (1969: 144).
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<paragraph id="E1A7673BCBB1294627CD81832D3F1352" pageId="557" pageNumber="558">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E37B43FCACB8A9CD933C3AA9F072355" pageId="557" pageNumber="558">This species is found along the Gulf Coastal Plain from eastern Texas and southern Arkansas to western Mississippi [see Freitag 1969: Fig. 132]. The record from northwestern South Carolina (Kirk 1970: 11) is in error.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8641834064504CE7D89C4D5143FC5D7A" pageId="557" pageNumber="558">Records.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C4158F8BCEBF35B0ED008D0B0032F7F7" bold="true" pageId="557" pageNumber="558">USA</emphasis>
: AR, LA, MS, TX
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