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<document id="38C57D86A565F5AFEB15F02C5C5D18C3" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d3f15fc-fbd2-434a-8d89-ccb08b8cda2c" ModsDocAuthor="Weigmann, G. &amp; Miko, L." ModsDocDate="2006" ModsDocID="Weigmann2006pp323to417" ModsDocOrigin="http://www.goeckeevers.de/verlag/dahl.html" ModsDocTitle="Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 45 to 68]" checkinTime="1308649244412" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Weigmann, G. &amp; Miko, L." docDate="2006" docId="FE7D0FB19339F0297D62931D49F61910" docLanguage="de" docName="Weigmann_323_417_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern: Goecke &amp; Evers" docSource="http://www.goeckeevers.de/verlag/dahl.html" docTitle="Oribatellidae" docType="key" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="360" masterDocId="38BAEBB69AC1D79D40D2C7102E2C6B9E" masterDocTitle="Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 323 to 417]" masterLastPageNumber="417" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="360" updateTime="1701313757226" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="DF00CAA4EE09CC8224B731389AC9DB4A">Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 323 to 417]</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="DA5249006BA3A28A2787A335B5078C9B">Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76]</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="2734A7C79ECC9B46E7A557BFBEBE6BD5">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<subSubSection id="AC0CE4C1D6E7D5E5B71ECC85A542EB24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AA402CD0B0B5AC8CF045019FCF87F098" pageNumber="360">
<taxonomicName id="57ED3F26FC2B19E5D67452ED0781F6AC" ID-CoL="DQ3" family="Oribatellidae" pageNumber="360" rank="family">Oribatellidae</taxonomicName>
Jacot, 1925
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8347B693434A6693928AF7B96292AF75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6644D4B2040F29E1286291FE18BA7671" pageNumber="360">
Diagnose: Csp lang und breit, vorn mit zwei
<normalizedToken id="C1E578B19F1EBD4B6DE98249FA2E9151" originalValue="Zähnen">Zaehnen</normalizedToken>
oder wenigstens scharfen Ecken, in der Bucht dazwischen die le, diese nicht am Csp-Innenrand; mit Trl oder Zahn zwischen Csp; Tut und PtcI
<normalizedToken id="995F9296808CF0DA3A9E44ABBF9B8611" originalValue="groß">gross</normalizedToken>
; NG mit 10 meist
<normalizedToken id="4E2D3C1153CFB931B06E1FA326015F51" originalValue="randständigen">randstaendigen</normalizedToken>
ng, Ptm unbeweglich; 6 g.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DFEDFCC53D1D06FBEFDAE150740F7EF" type="key">
<paragraph id="4391183E082B82C642500D41E03DA6EB" pageNumber="360">
1. Breite Cuspides bis etwa zur
<normalizedToken id="3B6E2F0A00801FE65DD5B7BD75B4E487" originalValue="Hälfte">Haelfte</normalizedToken>
miteinander verwachsen; Interlamellarborste kurz. (+) Cuspis vorn schwach eingebuchtet, in der Bucht die Lamellarborste; Notogaster mit Areae porosae; Beine 1-krallig..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="ED8465D65EFDCA1DF4DA567788A6C1B6" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatellidae" genus="Ophidiotrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ophidiotrichus</taxonomicName>
Grandjean, 1953
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BCB071B342F99C46615F10B5CB724AC0" pageNumber="360">
- Cuspides
<normalizedToken id="BD1ED1FD64C65F73CA4D2422888F2E3B" originalValue="höchstens">hoechstens</normalizedToken>
an der Basis verwachsen; Interlamellarborste
<normalizedToken id="929AEBCA73944963BA19CDD3ABEA413A" originalValue="kräftig">kraeftig</normalizedToken>
und lang, etwa bis zur Basis der Lamellarborsten reichend..............................................................2
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7BB12D106867CBAD6BECD5D1FE5B9C9" pageNumber="360">
2. Notogaster mit gut entwickelten Areae porosae. (+) Cuspis breit,
<normalizedToken id="2EF8E8E231E543F5DC280AE3AF0138A6" originalValue="Innenränder">Innenraender</normalizedToken>
meist nicht parallel zueinander, Cuspis vorn stark eingebuchtet, so
<normalizedToken id="DEA0BCD81179403039FA2931DB26FB45" originalValue="daß">dass</normalizedToken>
innen und
<normalizedToken id="18B0D213D90204A5F5BB0CD85B93CF14" originalValue="außen">aussen</normalizedToken>
ein langer spitzer Fortsatz gebildet wird, in der Bucht die
<normalizedToken id="0F9AB9763BDBD7F1B269A149326D9EFF" originalValue="kräftige">kraeftige</normalizedToken>
Lamellarborste; Tutorium lang, am Ende mit mehreren
<normalizedToken id="38E124E83CBF9423FE6C64FF8AF6B444" originalValue="Zähnchen">Zaehnchen</normalizedToken>
; (Notogaster nur ausnahmsweise mit Maschenstruktur:
<taxonomicName id="DEA4DE5CB6ABDE8648F085A2D16B037F" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatellidae" genus="Oribatella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulata">O. reticulatus</taxonomicName>
) ................................................................
<taxonomicName id="6108CB562FF430371FA19533B57B1EFE" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatellidae" genus="Oribatella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oribatella</taxonomicName>
Banks, 1895
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E88525FCC86C687895CF213D0870A75C" pageNumber="360">
- Notogaster mit Sacculi. (+) Cuspis breit,
<normalizedToken id="8A1F54A853BEE1D0F5F0B509A7F0535D" originalValue="Innenränder">Innenraender</normalizedToken>
parallel zueinander, Cuspis vorn
<normalizedToken id="1E7508FBF0E442E31E8B0FD4E66AE80D" originalValue="mäßig">maessig</normalizedToken>
eingebuchtet, so
<normalizedToken id="4CC28F78AFC1841B2B8198092223BA25" originalValue="daß">dass</normalizedToken>
die Innen- und
<normalizedToken id="8ABA78A115E5E3094CC654867BE891B6" originalValue="Außen-Fortsätze">Aussen-Fortsaetze</normalizedToken>
kaum
<normalizedToken id="124F0499936BBC92EB6DF4DBDE640914" originalValue="länger">laenger</normalizedToken>
sind als der Abstand zueinander, Notogaster vorn mit Maschenstruktur.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="0E53FA4C390786E07E29B191C71AC003" class="Arachnida" family="Tegoribatidae" genus="Tectoribates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tectoribates</taxonomicName>
Berlese, 1910
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7327" ID-PMC="PMC4829930" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-573-265" ID-Pensoft-UUID="844B2C76FFB08B3F3632FFD5FFA5FF88" ID-PubMed="27110171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="116862" ID-ZooBank="DE650E3EB5894682B925A7D5439D07B1" ModsDocID="1313-2970-573-265" checkinTime="1458839827644" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Webster, Reginald P., Webster, Vincent L., Alderson, Chantelle A., Hughes, Cory C. &amp; Sweeney, Jon D." docDate="2016" docId="FE7D12320DF8579A972A3757F86D944B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 573: 265-338" docOrigin="ZooKeys 573" docPubDate="2016-03-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7327" docTitle="Ahasverus advena †" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="844B2C76FFB08B3F3632FFD5FFA5FF88" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="844B2C76FFB08B3F3632FFD5FFA5FF88" masterDocTitle="Further contributions to the Coleoptera fauna of New Brunswick with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="338" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1668162829666" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Further contributions to the Coleoptera fauna of New Brunswick with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia, Canada</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Webster, Reginald P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>24 Mill Stream Drive, Charters Settlement, NB, Canada E 3 C 1 X 1</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">reginaldwebster@rogers.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Webster, Vincent L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P. O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E 3 B 5 P 7</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alderson, Chantelle A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P. O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E 3 B 5 P 7</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hughes, Cory C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P. O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E 3 B 5 P 7</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sweeney, Jon D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P. O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E 3 B 5 P 7</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2016-03-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number>573</mods:number>
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<mods:start>265</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7327</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-573-265</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">116862</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182233764" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE7D12320DF8579A972A3757F86D944B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE7D12320DF8579A972A3757F86D944B" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="42" pageNumber="307">
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicName LSID="FE7D1232-0DF8-579A-972A-3757F86D944B" authority="(Waltl, 1834) †" authorityName="†" baseAuthorityName="Waltl" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Ahasverus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ahasverus advena" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="advena">Ahasverus advena (Waltl, 1834)†</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="307">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="307">New Brunswick, York Co.</emphasis>
,
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectingMethod="purple Lindgren funnel traps" collectorName="C. Alderson, V. Webster" latitude="45.9962" location="Mixed forest" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-66.8781" specimenCount="1">
Keswick Ridge,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.9962" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9962">45.9962°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66.8781" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.8781">66.8781°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2015-07-29" valueMax="2015-08-13" valueMin="2015-07-29">29.VII-13.VIII.2015</collectingDate>
,
<collectingDate value="2015-08-27" valueMax="2015-09-09" valueMin="2015-08-27">27.VIII-9.IX.2015</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>C. Alderson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>V. Webster</collectorName>
//
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE7D12320DF8579A972A3757F86D944B:90B283E57AD2141C390FC8CB3563C6D0" latitude="45.9962" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-66.8781" name="Mixed forest">Mixed forest</location>
,
<collectingMethod>purple Lindgren funnel traps</collectingMethod>
in canopy (2, RWC)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="307" type="distribution in canada and alaska">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="307">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="307">
BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="307">NB</emphasis>
, NS, PE (
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="109, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="65" pageNumber="330" refId="B6" refString="Bousquet, Y, Bouchard, P, Davies, AE, Sikes, D, 2013. Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Pensoft Series Faunistica No. 109, Sofia-Moscow" title="Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Pensoft Series Faunistica No." year="2013">Bousquet et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="307" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="307">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="307">
This adventive and cosmopolitan species is found in various stored products such as lima beans, pigeon peas, decaying soybeans, stored grains, fruit, nuts, damp flour, rice, and moldy grass and feeds on surface molds on these items (
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell, JM" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Canada, Research Branch" pageId="65" pageNumber="330" refId="B9" refString="Campbell, JM, Sarazin, MJ, Lyons, DB, 1989. Canadian beetles (Coleoptera) injurious to crops, ornamentals, stored products and buildings. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch" title="Canadian beetles (Coleoptera) injurious to crops, ornamentals, stored products and buildings." year="1989">Campbell et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, MC" journalOrPublisher="Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida" pageId="67" pageNumber="332" refId="B46" refString="Thomas, MC, 1993. The flat bark beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Silvanidae, Passandridae, Laemophloeidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Lands. Vol. 15. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida" title="The flat bark beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Silvanidae, Passandridae, Laemophloeidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Lands. Vol. 15." year="1993">Thomas 1993</bibRefCitation>
). The two specimens from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the canopy of trees in a mixed forest. This stored product pest is not normally associated with natural habitats. There are a number of farms with barns within 2 km of the site that could have been the source of these specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:title id="D9AB07E1FF818381DB1FDAF1736C6195">Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<treatment id="FE7D392AE20CF575AA5D9A6CBA0B0872" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4363314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164005359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4363314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE7D392AE20CF575AA5D9A6CBA0B0872" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE7D392AE20CF575AA5D9A6CBA0B0872" lastPageNumber="523" pageNumber="523">
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<bibCitation id="A23C48BD2B15E0637776899F9F79E344" author="Linnaeus" pagination="718" title="Fucus crispus" volumeTitle="Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2" year="1767">
<taxonomicName id="B9735EED7FD6E9D42138474862700B2A" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Fucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="species" species="crispus">
<emphasis id="670D63C57819A47B553D362C55C5D620" bold="true" pageNumber="523">Fucus crispus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle id="8F330F34E3B822195531E2EBF37C2548">
<emphasis id="8ADE59526B1FFE68DF82EBFEF4D3C06A" italics="true" pageNumber="523">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
, ed. 12, 2
</volumeTitle>
: 718;
<emphasis id="13977FFCD0ECCFB8CC86BF486E9A7962" italics="true" pageNumber="523">
<volumeTitle id="9165A72F3F997D9E619C37993FD9FB0F">Mantissa Plantarum</volumeTitle>
</emphasis>
: 134. 1767
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<emphasis id="7C7FDD14ABF5CE0156535BF73E278544" italics="true" pageNumber="523">nom. illeg.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8353479E37DE1BB23C64969374BC9A6B" pageNumber="523" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7C325F6D2C8F7EC11785F6FA68D8BB11" pageNumber="523">&quot;Habitat in Oceano Atlantico. Koenig.&quot; RCN: 8344.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDBFF27B20DD4337D754A4701639D3D5" pageNumber="523" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4E70AB814C1E04BDEF85F4C2E03D71C3" pageNumber="523">
<materialsCitation id="1C7A95D79C60DDA63B8F4B2330C052AD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611569418" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="1274.68" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="089F2EEA73123415285740166492FF41">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Brodie in Spencer &amp; al. in
<emphasis id="68337C33CC192380AB2DAB4C7237FFD4" italics="true" pageNumber="523">Taxon</emphasis>
, in press): Herb. Linn. No. 1274.68, top specimen (
<collectionCode id="332731A157CB1BB30FC46BA1B423D072">LINN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BE67488031D1A04D4ADE8228BA54131" pageNumber="523" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A509FF2983E42C26115E2B6A0636A96" pageNumber="523">
Current name:
<taxonomicName id="99EDD3212420CA99AFDC1F9A6023D087" authority="Stackh." authorityName="Stackh." class="Florideophyceae" family="Gigartinaceae" genus="Chondrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="crispus">
<emphasis id="EC84108621FBDDB115FDCEB0574652AD" italics="true" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="71F7775A89CB4F063141B4DC1BB2AE45" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="523">Chondrus crispus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Stackh.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="C2CA06D86A3077460D3C551A9C24A9C8" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1843" class="Florideophyceae" family="Gigartinaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="family">Gigartinaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E9788AFC560A1D5F21C9D5E291E32A8" pageNumber="523" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8FC2F1A6988B525F837C2389B195C592" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="32E3D48AB11F45342FA26F1202AE976B" italics="true" pageNumber="523">Note:</emphasis>
A later homonym of
<taxonomicName id="724B947CA1E01AB53616418E939C384A" authority="Huds." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Fucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="species" species="crispus">
<emphasis id="E504980494399972F5669987D68421DD" italics="true" pageNumber="523">Fucus crispus</emphasis>
Huds.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="46C254BA82C7B5D38F9BBA2550A089E5" italics="true" pageNumber="523">Fl. Anglica</emphasis>
: 472. 1762), and hence illegitimate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="Wachland College of Arts &amp; Science, Solapur (WCAS)." country="India" latitude="28.95" location="Mandurki" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="54.276" pageId="0" pageNumber="4541" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="28.95">28.950N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="54.276">54.276E</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimCoordinateSystem: degrees minutes; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: month: September-March; fieldNumber: RDG- 039; fieldNotes: Shrubs; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<document ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.27.139" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7175144" ID-ZooBank="F1FE020A-0EFC-43A6-80DD-B4374382C01C" approvalRequired="16" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="15" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1665293032206" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Yamana, Yusuke, Tanaka, Hayato, Hirabayashi, Isao, Dan, Ichinosuke, Hirai, Atsushi &amp; Ogawa, Akito" docDate="2022" docId="FE7D87D9FF85FFB2FC3DED6AFDFCE59B" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.27.1.139-158.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.139" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.5:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Taeniogyrus rubrus Yamana, Hirabayashi, Hirai, Dan, and Ogawa 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="0244FFA1FF88FFA0FFB2EC6DFF80E43A" masterDocTitle="Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1665310210575" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yamana, Yusuke</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 370 - 1 Funo, Kainan, Wakayama 642 - 0001, Japan E-mail: yamanayusuke 39 @ gmail. com &amp; Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yamanayusuke39@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tanaka, Hayato</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tokyo Sea Life Park, 6 - 2 - 3 Rinkai-cho, Edogawa, Tokyo 134 - 8587, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hirabayashi, Isao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Kushimoto Marine Park Center, 1157 Arita, Kushimoto, Wakayama 649 - 3514, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dan, Ichinosuke</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Momoyamadai Junior High School, 4 - Chome Momoyamadai, Tarumi, Kobe, Hyogo 655 - 0854, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Hirai, Atsushi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Susami Crustacean Aquarium, 808 - 1 Esumi, Susami, Nishimuro, Wakayama 641 - 3142, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan &amp; Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-grade Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2 - 15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237 - 0061, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName authority="Yamana, Hirabayashi, Hirai, Dan, and Ogawa" authorityName="Yamana, Hirabayashi, Hirai, Dan, and Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[911,1115,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Taeniogyrus rubrus</emphasis>
Yamana, Hirabayashi, Hirai, Dan, and Ogawa
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1211,1287,296,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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[New Japanese name: Yesuzaki-kuruma-kagi-namako] (
<figureCitation box="[1004,1084,361,385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[156,187,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[178,744,207,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-566@5.[176,746,205,1535]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. SEM images of ciliated funnels of holotypes of three new Taeniogyrus species. A, T. albulus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV- 2017-100); B, T. flavus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2016-135); C, T. rubrus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2019-299)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175154/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1094,1108,361,384]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1117,1130,361,385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">8</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[1141,1224,361,385]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Tables 6</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[1234,1247,361,385]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="13" pageNumber="152">7</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,1054,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="LC655785" collectingDate="2019-06-15" collectionCode="INSD" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[1080,1177,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Holotype</typeStatus>
: WMNH-INV-2019-299 (length
<quantity box="[910,998,458,482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="34.2">34.2 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[1094,1170,458,482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
, collected from Kushimoto on
<date box="[917,1054,491,515]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2019-06-15">
<collectingDate box="[917,1054,491,515]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2019-06-15">15 June 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode box="[1065,1123,491,515]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">INSD</collectionCode>
accession number
<accessionNumber box="[1322,1428,491,515]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/LC655785" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">LC655785</accessionNumber>
, 615 bps)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[926,1026,524,548]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount box="[1046,1183,523,547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
, WMNH-INV-2020-29 (length
<quantity box="[903,991,556,580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="23.7">23.7 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[1073,1149,556,580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
, collected from Susami on
<date box="[820,974,589,613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2020-08-04">4 August 2020</date>
;
<accessionNumber box="[986,1091,588,612]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/LC655786" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">LC655786</accessionNumber>
, 622 bps), WMNH-INV-2020-33 (length
<quantity box="[910,998,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="33.2">33.2 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[1094,1170,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
, collected from Kushimoto on
<date box="[916,1104,653,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2020-11-01">1 November 2020</date>
), WMNH-INV-2021-49 (length
<quantity box="[820,909,686,710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="19.7">19.7 mm</quantity>
, width 2.0 mm, collected from Kushimoto on
<date pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2021-08-06">6 August 2021</date>
), WMNH-INV-2021-50 (length
<quantity box="[1270,1358,719,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="30.4">30.4 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[820,897,751,775]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
, collected from Kushimoto on
<date box="[1254,1420,751,775]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2021-08-06">6 August 2021</date>
), WMNH-INV-2021-51 (length
<quantity box="[1161,1249,783,807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[1351,1427,784,808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
, collected from Kushimoto on
<date box="[1151,1313,816,840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2021-08-06">6 August 2021</date>
), WMNH- INV-2021-52 (length
<quantity box="[1061,1149,849,873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="37.1">37.1 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[1244,1321,849,873]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
, collected from Kushimoto on
<date box="[1032,1183,881,905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2021-08-06">6 August 2021</date>
), WMNH-INV-2021-53 (length
<quantity box="[902,991,914,938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="28.5">28.5 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity box="[1071,1148,914,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
, collected from Kushimoto on
<date box="[853,1001,946,970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" value="2021-08-06">6 August 2021</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1432,426,2076]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,957,978,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body color red or reddish brown with dark yellowish spots of wheel-papillae along three dorsal interradii. Tentacles ten, with 4–6 digit pairs. With up to 3 Polian vesicles in
<emphasis box="[930,954,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">RI</emphasis>
. A band of ciliated funnels situated along with inter-radius near right side midventral longitudinal muscle
<emphasis box="[820,844,1142,1165]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">RI</emphasis>
, and a sparse row of ciliated funnels situated along with left side of left ventral longitudinal muscle
<emphasis box="[1300,1332,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">RII</emphasis>
. Funnels strongly curved, like French horn, and with wide opening. Sigmoid-hook ossicles large (all exceed 100 µm in adult animals), without minute spinelet or gap.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1432,426,2076]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,1086,1304,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<typeStatus box="[846,944,1304,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Holotype</typeStatus>
description.
</emphasis>
Medium-sized body, anesthetized length of
<typeStatus box="[974,1063,1337,1361]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen (WMNH-INV-2019-299)
<quantity box="[820,907,1369,1393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="34.2">34.2 mm</quantity>
(after preservation); cylindrical, straight, or weakly bent downward; slightly tapered toward posterior end (
<tableCitation box="[827,905,1434,1458]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Table 6</tableCitation>
). Body color (living and preserved specimens) red or reddish brown. Dark yellowish spots of wheel-papillae locally observed on dorsal inter-radii skin. Mouth anterior; anus posterior; oral disk inclined toward ventral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1432,426,2076]" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
Tentacles ten, non-retractile, with 4–6 pairs digits; sensory cups absent (
<figureCitation box="[980,1057,1597,1621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[1067,1141,1597,1621]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Table 6</tableCitation>
). Tentacles color translucent red in living, pink to whitish in preserving.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[820,1432,426,2076]" lastBlockId="15.[156,767,654,2076]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
Polian vesicles in
<emphasis box="[1028,1052,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">RI</emphasis>
, branched in basal part. In the
<typeStatus pageId="13" pageNumber="152">holotype</typeStatus>
with 2 Polian vesicles (
<quantity box="[1113,1189,1694,1718]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity box="[1245,1319,1694,1718]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
in length) (
<tableCitation box="[827,913,1727,1751]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Table 6</tableCitation>
), vesicles shaped globular. Stone canal single, short (
<quantity box="[890,978,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
long), with a coffee bean-like madreporite (
<quantity box="[827,916,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
diameter) just behind of
<emphasis box="[1175,1211,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">IR5</emphasis>
calcareous plate (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
). Ciliated funnels (1 band) in inter-radius near right side medioventral longitudinal muscle
<emphasis box="[1180,1204,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">RI</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1221,1304,1857,1881]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[1318,1396,1857,1881]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Table 6</tableCitation>
); 1 sparse row of ciliated funnels situated along with left side of left ventral longitudinal muscle
<emphasis box="[1193,1225,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">RII</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1244,1329,1922,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Funnels short (
<quantity box="[887,979,1954,1979]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
), weakly curved (&lt;about 90°), with narrow opening (
<quantity box="[917,1005,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
wide), with very short stalk, and slit with granular layer along proximal side to the funnel base (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[156,187,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[178,744,207,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-566@5.[176,746,205,1535]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. SEM images of ciliated funnels of holotypes of three new Taeniogyrus species. A, T. albulus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV- 2017-100); B, T. flavus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2016-135); C, T. rubrus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2019-299)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175154/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Intestine situated along
<emphasis box="[1114,1149,2053,2076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">IR5</emphasis>
through anterior to middle body, over left dorsal longitudinal muscle
<emphasis box="[611,652,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">RIV</emphasis>
in middle body, straight in
<emphasis box="[330,366,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR3</emphasis>
along under side of
<emphasis box="[579,620,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">RIV</emphasis>
, no refraction until end of body, turning to anterior side about 1/5 of posterior body, then returning straight to the end in
<emphasis box="[668,704,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR3</emphasis>
along upper side of
<emphasis box="[297,329,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">RII</emphasis>
. Ovaries or testis in two tubules in middle body, tubules branched in basal part, two tubules present on both sides.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="153" startId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" targetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph blockId="14.[156,1432,1876,2066]" pageId="14" pageNumber="153">
Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of
<taxonomicName authority="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa, 2022" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[594,767,1876,1898]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[594,767,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="153">Taeniogyrus rubrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[773,842,1877,1898]" pageId="14" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm
<emphasis box="[1116,1145,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="153">RII</emphasis>
(D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption box="[156,1424,190,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" startId="15.[156,204,190,212]">
<paragraph blockId="15.[156,1424,190,212]" box="[156,1424,190,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of
<taxonomicName authority="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa, 2022" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[1183,1352,190,212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus" status="sp.nov.">
<emphasis box="[1183,1352,190,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Taeniogyrus rubrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1357,1424,191,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<table box="[169,1388,242,561]" colsContinueFrom="9.[172,1388,242,499]" gridcols="8" gridrows="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<tr box="[169,1388,242,302]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,242,302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Registration No. of WMNH-INV-</th>
<th box="[361,456,242,302]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Type status</th>
<th box="[533,740,242,302]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Body size (mm) Length Width</th>
<th box="[820,899,242,302]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Tentacles</th>
<th box="[949,1072,242,302]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Counts Tentacle digits</th>
<th box="[1105,1228,242,302]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Polian vesicles</th>
<th box="[1288,1388,242,302]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Gonad type</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,325,344]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,325,344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2019-299</th>
<td box="[361,456,325,344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Holotype</td>
<td box="[533,581,325,344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">34.2</td>
<td box="[699,740,325,344]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">3.5</td>
<td box="[820,899,325,344]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,325,344]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">8–10</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,325,344]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,325,344]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">testis</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,356,375]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,356,375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2020-29</th>
<td box="[361,456,356,375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Paratype</td>
<td box="[533,581,356,375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">23.7</td>
<td box="[699,740,356,375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2.2</td>
<td box="[820,899,356,375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,356,375]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">6–9</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,356,375]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">3</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,356,375]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">ovary</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,387,406]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,387,406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2020-33</th>
<td box="[361,456,387,406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Paratype</td>
<td box="[533,581,387,406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">33.2</td>
<td box="[699,740,387,406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">3.2</td>
<td box="[820,899,387,406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,387,406]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">6–9</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,387,406]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,387,406]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">ovary</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,418,437]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,418,437]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2021-49</th>
<td box="[361,456,418,437]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Paratype</td>
<td box="[533,581,418,437]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">19.7</td>
<td box="[699,740,418,437]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2.0</td>
<td box="[820,899,418,437]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,418,437]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">8–10</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,418,437]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">1</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,418,437]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">ovary</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,449,468]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,449,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2021-50</th>
<td box="[361,456,449,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Paratype</td>
<td box="[533,581,449,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">30.4</td>
<td box="[699,740,449,468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2.7</td>
<td box="[820,899,449,468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,449,468]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">8–10</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,449,468]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,449,468]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">ovary</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,480,499]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,480,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2021-51</th>
<td box="[361,456,480,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Paratype</td>
<td box="[533,581,480,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">24.5</td>
<td box="[699,740,480,499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2.3</td>
<td box="[820,899,480,499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,480,499]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">6–9</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,480,499]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">1</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,480,499]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">ovary</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,510,530]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,510,530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2021-52</th>
<td box="[361,456,510,530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Paratype</td>
<td box="[533,581,510,530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">37.1</td>
<td box="[699,740,510,530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2.2</td>
<td box="[820,899,510,530]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,510,530]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">8–10</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,510,530]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,510,530]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">immature</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[169,1388,541,561]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<th box="[169,315,541,561]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2021-53</th>
<td box="[361,456,541,561]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Paratype</td>
<td box="[533,581,541,561]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">28.5</td>
<td box="[699,740,541,561]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">2.6</td>
<td box="[820,899,541,561]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">10</td>
<td box="[949,1072,541,561]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">7–10</td>
<td box="[1105,1228,541,561]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">1</td>
<td box="[1288,1388,541,561]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">ovary</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[177,996,583,603]" box="[177,996,583,603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<tableNote box="[177,996,583,603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" targetBox="[169,1388,242,561]" targetPageId="15">WMNH-INV: Invertebrate Collection of the Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[156,767,654,2076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
Calcareous ring with 5 thick radial, 5 thick inter-radial plates; distally flattened ends (
<figureCitation box="[470,550,914,938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); except
<emphasis box="[644,680,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR5</emphasis>
all with shallow posterior depression and anterior projection,
<emphasis box="[731,767,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[203,239,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR2</emphasis>
with a blunt projection.
<emphasis box="[501,537,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR3</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[592,628,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR4</emphasis>
with a sharp projection, and low trapezoid anterior projection with slight central notch in
<emphasis box="[329,353,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">RI</emphasis>
, and low triangle anterior projection in
<emphasis box="[156,192,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">IR5</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[205,305,1077,1101]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[156,767,654,2076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
Body-wall thick (more than
<quantity box="[486,560,1109,1133]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in thickness), containing wheel and sigmoid-hook ossicles (
<figureCitation box="[591,701,1142,1166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8A–D</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Wheel ossicles in dorsal skin present in wheel-papillae, only lined in 3 dorsal inter-radial body walls, range from tentacle base to posterior end (
<figureCitation box="[484,547,1239,1263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[561,638,1239,1264]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Wheel ossicles small, diameter less than 100 µm (mean 52–68 µm) (
<tableCitation box="[163,243,1304,1329]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from five specimens of Taeniogyrus flavus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Wheel ossicles larger in posterior body than anterior body (
<tableCitation box="[286,366,1337,1361]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 4. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from five specimens of Taeniogyrus flavus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Wheel ossicles rounded-hexagonal, 6 thick spokes; narrow rim, inner rim margin approximately parallel to outer margin. Teeth sharp and massive (5 µm in hight in a wheel of 45 µm diameter), 7–15 per inter-spoke area (
<tableCitation box="[214,293,1467,1491]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Spokes widen, widest prior to rim, breadth 17–27% of wheel ossicle diameters (
<figureCitation box="[521,597,1500,1524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[608,682,1500,1524]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Wheel ossicles small, means 56 µm and 60 µm in anterior and posterior dorsal, respectively (
<tableCitation box="[423,499,1565,1589]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[156,767,654,2076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
Sigmoid-hook ossicles in body wall scattered in interradii from anterior to posterior; both sides of longitudinal muscles, pointed end toward inter-radius, open-loop end toward longitudinal muscles (
<figureCitation box="[463,540,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
), except tentacles and oral disk. Sigmoid-hook ossicles large, all the hooks exceed 130 µm (
<figureCitation box="[302,383,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[398,476,1760,1784]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
); thickened, smooth; shank breadths exceed 10–20 µm (
<tableCitation box="[454,536,1792,1816]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
), pointed end sharpened, no minute tooth or gap on surface (
<figureCitation box="[574,653,1825,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[156,767,654,2076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
Tentacles contain rod ossicles (
<figureCitation box="[507,585,1857,1881]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[599,676,1857,1882]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
); mostly bifurcate distally, first branches usually 4 or 5, second and third branches developed; distal ends spinous. Rod ossicle length 45–69 µm, rod breadth 3–10 µm in stem central.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="15.[156,767,654,2076]" lastBlockId="15.[820,1432,654,2076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,506,1987,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
Variation including
<typeStatus box="[396,501,1988,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Largest
<typeStatus box="[612,700,1988,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen (WMNH-INV-2021-52) length
<quantity box="[538,624,2020,2044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="37.1">37.1 mm</quantity>
(after preservation) (
<tableCitation box="[245,325,2052,2076]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 6</tableCitation>
). Body color (living and preserved specimens) red or reddish brown with dark yellowish spots of wheel-papillae locally observed on dorsal inter-radii skin (
<figureCitation box="[828,936,719,743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
).
<materialsCitation location="Polian" municipality="Polian" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
In the
<typeStatus box="[1024,1113,719,743]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">holotype</typeStatus>
with 2
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE7D87D9FF85FFB2FC3DED6AFDFCE59B:730B6014FF87FFAFFB1BEEA2FB69E6DD" box="[1193,1257,719,743]" municipality="Polian" name="Polian" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Polian</location>
vesicles, but 1–3
<collectingMunicipality box="[820,884,751,775]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Polian</collectingMunicipality>
vesicles in
<specimenCount box="[1008,1171,752,776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">seven paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<tableCitation box="[1186,1266,751,775]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 6</tableCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
. In individuals with single Polian vesicle, vesicle shaped fusiform (width about 1/4 of length), and in types with 2 or 3 Polian vesicles, vesicles shaped globular. Wheel teeth, 7–18 per radiant (individual means
<quantity box="[1012,1090,881,905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 in</quantity>
measured
<specimenCount box="[1202,1305,881,906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="generic">three type</specimenCount>
specimens). Spoke breadth 21–23% of wheel ossicle diameters (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[864,940,946,971]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Wheel ossicles are small and all the diameter less than 100 µm (individual means 52–68 µm in measured
<specimenCount box="[820,928,1011,1036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="generic">three type</specimenCount>
specimens) (
<tableCitation box="[1071,1153,1011,1036]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Wheel ossicles larger in posterior body than anterior body, and significantly different (Kruskal–
<collectingCountry box="[959,1023,1076,1100]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Wallis</collectingCountry>
test,
<emphasis box="[1078,1092,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.05) in one of large specimens (WMNH-INV-2020-33) (
<tableCitation box="[1086,1168,1109,1133]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
<materialsCitation country="United Kingdom" location="Kruskal" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
However, diameters in anterior and posterior parts are not significantly different in
<typeStatus box="[851,940,1174,1198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE7D87D9FF85FFB2FC3DED6AFDFCE59B:730B6014FF87FFAFFC0FE8FBFB8DE094" box="[957,1037,1174,1198]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kruskal" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Kruskal</location>
–
<collectingCountry box="[1050,1114,1174,1198]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Wallis</collectingCountry>
test,
<emphasis box="[1176,1190,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">P</emphasis>
&gt;0.05)
</materialsCitation>
. Wheel-papillae easily discharged to outside by stimulus and become hemispherical sucks (
<figureCitation box="[999,1113,1239,1263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[156,187,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,207,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[225,1362,205,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 7F, G</figureCitation>
). Sigmoid-hook large, all the hooks exceed 100 µm (individual means 132–148 µm in measured
<specimenCount box="[928,1034,1304,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="generic">three type</specimenCount>
specimens) in the present type series (
<figureCitation box="[828,910,1337,1361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[156,187,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,207,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[159,1428,205,1771]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7175168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7175168/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation box="[926,1005,1337,1361]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 7</tableCitation>
). Sigmoid-hook length significantly different among all measured specimens in anterior ventral, anterior dorsal, and posterior ventral body parts (Kruskal–
<collectingCountry box="[820,882,1434,1458]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Wallis</collectingCountry>
test,
<emphasis box="[938,952,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">P</emphasis>
s&lt;0.05), not significantly different in posterior dorsal part or between anterior and posterior parts in all measured specimens (Kruskal–
<collectingCountry box="[1145,1209,1499,1523]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Wallis</collectingCountry>
test,
<emphasis box="[1273,1287,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">P</emphasis>
s&gt;0.05). Tentacle rod 56–101 µm in length (means 59–78 µm in different specimens); rod breadth 3–10µm in stem central; ossicle length independent of body size (
<tableCitation box="[1157,1242,1597,1621]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of body size, counts of tentacles and Polian vesicles, and gonad type for type specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Tables 6</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[1252,1266,1597,1621]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[156,204,190,212]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp.nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="15.[820,1432,654,2076]" lastBlockId="16.[156,768,1467,2077]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,945,1630,1654]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Remarks.</emphasis>
As noted above,
<taxonomicName box="[1164,1371,1629,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis box="[1164,1285,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Taeniogyrus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with wheel-papillae, presently seven
<taxonomicName box="[1143,1342,1662,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis box="[1143,1264,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Taeniogyrus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and one new species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[950,1036,1694,1718]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis box="[950,1036,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">T. flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which described above, have been reported (
<tableCitation box="[903,982,1727,1751]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="12.[150,198,500,523]" captionText="Table 5. Morphological comparison of all the congeners of Taeniogyrus Semper, 1867." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Among these congeners,
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1378,1728,1751]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="yvonnae">
<emphasis box="[1267,1378,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">T. yvonnae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess the arrangement of two rows of ciliated funnels which agrees with that of
<taxonomicName authority="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa, 2022" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[1025,1119,1792,1816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1025,1119,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">T. rubrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1128,1208,1793,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
However,
<taxonomicName box="[1320,1431,1793,1816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="yvonnae">
<emphasis box="[1320,1431,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">T. yvonnae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possess huge hook ossicles mostly exceed 300 µm (
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="12.[150,198,500,523]" captionText="Table 5. Morphological comparison of all the congeners of Taeniogyrus Semper, 1867." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Thus,
<taxonomicName authority="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa, 2022" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[927,1017,1857,1881]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[927,1017,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">T. flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1029,1112,1858,1881]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguishable from these congeners and described above by the arrangement of two rows of ciliated funnels and its body color (
<tableCitation box="[1273,1351,1922,1946]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="12.[150,198,500,523]" captionText="Table 5. Morphological comparison of all the congeners of Taeniogyrus Semper, 1867." pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Additionally,
<taxonomicName authority="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa, 2022" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[909,1001,1955,1979]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[909,1001,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">T. rubrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1009,1087,1955,1978]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has shown a habit of discharging wheel-papillae, which have been reported in partial congeners of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1898" box="[900,1030,2020,2044]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Chiridotidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kubota, T. &amp; Inada, K." box="[1045,1293,2020,2044]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" pagination="103 - 107" refId="ref15436" refString="Kubota, T. and Inada, K. 2003. Ejection of the wart content including wheel-shaped ossicles from the body wall of the apodid sea cucumber Polycheira fusca (rufescens) induced by mechanical stimulation. Reports of the Faculty of Science Kagoshima University 36: 103 - 107." type="journal article" year="2003">Kubota and Inada 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Yamana, Y. &amp; Tanaka, H." pageId="15" pageNumber="154" pagination="243 - 257" refId="ref16623" refString="Yamana, Y. and Tanaka, H. 2017 b. A new species of Chiridota (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae) from Japan, and First record of C. rigida from Japan. Zootaxa 4341: 243 - 257." type="journal article" year="2017">Yamana and Tanaka 2017b</bibRefCitation>
); but, the adaptive significance of this habit has not been revealed to date. One
<typeStatus box="[526,614,1468,1492]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">paratype</typeStatus>
of this species was found by one of the present authors (Ichinosuke Dan), of the 6th grade student at Kobe-Shimohatadai Elementary School (as at
<date box="[300,434,1565,1589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" value="2020-08">August 2020</date>
), during the nature observation meeting held by WMNH and Susami Crustacean Aquarium. At first, it was misidentified as
<taxonomicName authority="Semper, 1867" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis box="[518,679,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Chiridota rigida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Semper, C." pageId="16" pageNumber="155" refId="ref16270" refString="Semper, C. 1867 - 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Teil 2, Wissenschaftliche Resultate. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 288 pp." type="book" year="1867">Semper, 1867</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which was recently reported from the same site of the Cape Yesu-zaki as new to
<collectingCountry box="[417,473,1695,1718]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Yamana, Y. &amp; Tanaka, H." box="[486,760,1695,1719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" pagination="243 - 257" refId="ref16623" refString="Yamana, Y. and Tanaka, H. 2017 b. A new species of Chiridota (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae) from Japan, and First record of C. rigida from Japan. Zootaxa 4341: 243 - 257." type="journal article" year="2017">Yamana and Tanaka 2017b</bibRefCitation>
) After that, it was also turned out that the
<typeStatus box="[608,697,1727,1751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen had been misidentified as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" box="[473,561,1760,1784]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis box="[473,561,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">C. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
too. Although there is a striking resemblance in their external appearances, the anatomical characteristics are obviously different between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">C. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa, 2022" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[266,357,1857,1881]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[266,357,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">T. rubrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[364,443,1858,1881]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: the ciliated funnels are situated along the mid-dorsal and left lateral mesentery in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" box="[673,761,1890,1914]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis box="[673,761,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">C. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, moreover
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" box="[260,347,1923,1947]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis box="[260,347,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">C. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 12 tentacles (see
<bibRefCitation author="Yamana, Y. &amp; Tanaka, H." pageId="16" pageNumber="155" pagination="243 - 257" refId="ref16623" refString="Yamana, Y. and Tanaka, H. 2017 b. A new species of Chiridota (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae) from Japan, and First record of C. rigida from Japan. Zootaxa 4341: 243 - 257." type="journal article" year="2017">Yamana and Tanaka 2017b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption box="[156,1106,190,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" startId="16.[156,204,190,212]">
<paragraph blockId="16.[156,1106,190,212]" box="[156,1106,190,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
Table 7. Measurements (Mean±sd µm) of ossicles from three specimens of
<taxonomicName authority="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa, 2022" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[859,1032,190,212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus" status="sp.nov.">
<emphasis box="[859,1032,190,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Taeniogyrus rubrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1037,1106,191,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<table box="[171,1416,241,1291]" gridcols="13" gridrows="32" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<tr box="[171,1416,241,261]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th box="[562,631,241,261]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Rod</th>
<th box="[834,1026,241,261]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Sigmoid-hook</th>
<th box="[1230,1308,241,261]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Wheeld</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,275,329]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<th box="[171,250,275,329]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">No.a</th>
<td box="[290,343,275,329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Skinb</td>
<td box="[391,411,275,329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis box="[396,407,277,295]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">n</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[451,525,275,329]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Length</td>
<td box="[562,631,275,329]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Breadth</td>
<td box="[671,739,275,329]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">DBc</td>
<td box="[782,802,275,329]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis box="[786,797,277,295]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">n</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[834,923,275,329]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Length</td>
<td box="[948,1026,275,329]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Breadth</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,275,329]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis box="[1068,1079,277,295]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">n</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,275,329]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Diametere</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,275,329]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Teethf</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,275,329]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Spoke widthg</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,352,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[171,250,352,371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">2019-299</th>
<td box="[290,343,352,371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">T</td>
<td box="[391,411,352,371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">23</td>
<td box="[451,525,352,371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">59±5.5</td>
<td box="[562,631,352,371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">6.9±1.2</td>
<td box="[671,739,352,371]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">5.7±1.9</td>
<td box="[782,802,352,371]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,352,371]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,383,402]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,383,402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[451,525,383,402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">45–69</td>
<td box="[562,631,383,402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">4–9</td>
<td box="[671,739,383,402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">3–10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,414,433]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,414,433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">AD</td>
<td box="[391,411,414,433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,414,433]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">3</td>
<td box="[834,923,414,433]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">141±6.8</td>
<td box="[948,1026,414,433]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">17.3±4.6</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,414,433]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">9</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,414,433]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">55.7±8.3</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,414,433]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">9.2±1.4</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,414,433]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">21.5±2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,445,464]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,445,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,445,464]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">136–149</td>
<td box="[948,1026,445,464]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">12–20</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,445,464]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">43–68</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,445,464]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">7–11</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,445,464]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">18–25</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,476,495]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,476,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">PD</td>
<td box="[391,411,476,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,476,495]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">9</td>
<td box="[834,923,476,495]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">142±8.3</td>
<td box="[948,1026,476,495]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">19.0±2.4</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,476,495]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">5</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,476,495]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">60.0±11.5</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,476,495]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">11.6±3.3</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,476,495]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">22.3±3.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,507,526]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,507,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,507,526]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">131–152</td>
<td box="[948,1026,507,526]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">15–22</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,507,526]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">48–74</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,507,526]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">8–15</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,507,526]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">17–27</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,538,557]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,538,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">AV</td>
<td box="[391,411,538,557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,538,557]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">5</td>
<td box="[834,923,538,557]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">138±3.6</td>
<td box="[948,1026,538,557]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">14.4±2.4</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,538,557]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,569,588]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,569,588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,569,588]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">133–142</td>
<td box="[948,1026,569,588]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">12–17</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,600,619]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,600,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">PV</td>
<td box="[391,411,600,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,600,619]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">4</td>
<td box="[834,923,600,619]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">148±9.1</td>
<td box="[948,1026,600,619]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">20.5±1.7</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,600,619]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,631,650]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,631,650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,631,650]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">140–160</td>
<td box="[948,1026,631,650]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">19–23</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,672,692]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[171,250,672,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">2020-29</th>
<td box="[290,343,672,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">T</td>
<td box="[391,411,672,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">41</td>
<td box="[451,525,672,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">78.1±12</td>
<td box="[562,631,672,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">7.5±2.5</td>
<td box="[671,739,672,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">7.1±1.3</td>
<td box="[782,802,672,692]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,672,692]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,703,723]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,703,723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[451,525,703,723]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">57–100</td>
<td box="[562,631,703,723]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">3–13</td>
<td box="[671,739,703,723]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">5–10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,734,753]" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,734,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">AD</td>
<td box="[391,411,734,753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,734,753]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">11</td>
<td box="[834,923,734,753]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">137.4±6.6</td>
<td box="[948,1026,734,753]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">19.8±1.7</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,734,753]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">18</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,734,753]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">51.5±3.0</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,734,753]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">10.3±2.3</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,734,753]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">20.7±2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,765,785]" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,765,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,765,785]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">129–153</td>
<td box="[948,1026,765,785]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">18–22</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,765,785]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">47–59</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,765,785]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">7–15</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,765,785]" gridcol="12" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">16–26</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,796,816]" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,796,816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">PD</td>
<td box="[391,411,796,816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,796,816]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">7</td>
<td box="[834,923,796,816]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">136.1±14</td>
<td box="[948,1026,796,816]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">18.9±2.1</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,796,816]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">12</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,796,816]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">59.2±4.6</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,796,816]" gridcol="11" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">12.3±1.3</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,796,816]" gridcol="12" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">23.2±3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,827,847]" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,827,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,827,847]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">115–152</td>
<td box="[948,1026,827,847]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">16–21</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,827,847]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">53–66</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,827,847]" gridcol="11" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">11–15</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,827,847]" gridcol="12" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">16–27</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,858,877]" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,858,877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">AV</td>
<td box="[391,411,858,877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,858,877]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">6</td>
<td box="[834,923,858,877]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">135.8±3.9</td>
<td box="[948,1026,858,877]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">19.2±0.8</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,858,877]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,889,909]" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,889,909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,889,909]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">130–141</td>
<td box="[948,1026,889,909]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">18–20</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,920,940]" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,920,940]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">PV</td>
<td box="[391,411,920,940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,920,940]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">12</td>
<td box="[834,923,920,940]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">131.5±12</td>
<td box="[948,1026,920,940]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">18.4±2.1</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,920,940]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,951,971]" gridrow="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,951,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,951,971]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">104–151</td>
<td box="[948,1026,951,971]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">15–23</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,993,1012]" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[171,250,993,1012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">2020-33</th>
<td box="[290,343,993,1012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">T</td>
<td box="[391,411,993,1012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">23</td>
<td box="[451,525,993,1012]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">67.4±12</td>
<td box="[562,631,993,1012]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">4.8±0.9</td>
<td box="[671,739,993,1012]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">4.6±0.8</td>
<td box="[782,802,993,1012]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,993,1012]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1024,1043]" gridrow="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,1024,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[451,525,1024,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">56–101</td>
<td box="[562,631,1024,1043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">3–7</td>
<td box="[671,739,1024,1043]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">4–6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1055,1074]" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,1055,1074]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">AD</td>
<td box="[391,411,1055,1074]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,1055,1074]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">15</td>
<td box="[834,923,1055,1074]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">146.5±7.2</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1055,1074]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">17.3±4.6</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,1055,1074]" gridcol="9" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">22</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,1055,1074]" gridcol="10" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">59.2±7.6</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,1055,1074]" gridcol="11" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">12.2±2.9</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,1055,1074]" gridcol="12" gridrow="24" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">22.3±1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1086,1105]" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,1086,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,1086,1105]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">134–158</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1086,1105]" gridcol="8" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">12–20</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,1086,1105]" gridcol="10" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">35–70</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,1086,1105]" gridcol="11" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">8–17</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,1086,1105]" gridcol="12" gridrow="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">20–26</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1117,1136]" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,1117,1136]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">PD</td>
<td box="[391,411,1117,1136]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,1117,1136]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">20</td>
<td box="[834,923,1117,1136]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">142.1±8.3</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1117,1136]" gridcol="8" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">19.0±2.4</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,1117,1136]" gridcol="9" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">22</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,1117,1136]" gridcol="10" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">68.1±6.9</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,1117,1136]" gridcol="11" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">13.5±2.7</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,1117,1136]" gridcol="12" gridrow="26" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">21.8±1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1148,1167]" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,1148,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,1148,1167]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">131–152</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1148,1167]" gridcol="8" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">15–22</td>
<td box="[1116,1206,1148,1167]" gridcol="10" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">56–84</td>
<td box="[1230,1308,1148,1167]" gridcol="11" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">9–18</td>
<td box="[1338,1416,1148,1167]" gridcol="12" gridrow="27" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">18–25</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1179,1198]" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,1179,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">AV</td>
<td box="[391,411,1179,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,1179,1198]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">19</td>
<td box="[834,923,1179,1198]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">142.2±5.1</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1179,1198]" gridcol="8" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">21.9±1.8</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,1179,1198]" gridcol="9" gridrow="28" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1210,1229]" gridrow="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,1210,1229]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,1210,1229]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">132–151</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1210,1229]" gridcol="8" gridrow="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">17–25</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1241,1260]" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[290,343,1241,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">PV</td>
<td box="[391,411,1241,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
<td box="[782,802,1241,1260]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">27</td>
<td box="[834,923,1241,1260]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">135.5±8.8</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1241,1260]" gridcol="8" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">19.0±1.8</td>
<td box="[1064,1084,1241,1260]" gridcol="9" gridrow="30" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[171,1416,1272,1291]" gridrow="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td box="[290,343,1272,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Range</td>
<td box="[834,923,1272,1291]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">112–152</td>
<td box="[948,1026,1272,1291]" gridcol="8" gridrow="31" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">14–23</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[177,1432,1312,1413]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<tableNote pageId="16" pageNumber="155" targetBox="[171,1416,241,1291]" targetPageId="16">
<superScript attach="left" box="[177,183,1313,1325]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">a</superScript>
Registration No. of WMNH-INV: Invertebrate Collection of the Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History.
<superScript attach="right" box="[1190,1197,1312,1324]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">b</superScript>
Body skin: T, tentacle; AD, anterior dorsal; PD, posterior dorsal; AV, anterior ventral; PV, posterior ventral.
<superScript attach="right" box="[865,871,1339,1351]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">c</superScript>
Total number of the distal branches were counted.
<superScript attach="right" box="[1313,1320,1339,1351]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">d</superScript>
Only wheels with six spokes were measured.
<superScript attach="right" box="[459,465,1366,1378]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">e</superScript>
Values were measured across opposite vertices of a hexagon.
<superScript attach="right" box="[1006,1010,1366,1378]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">f</superScript>
Values were counted for individual radians of a hexagon.
<superScript attach="right" box="[259,265,1393,1405]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">g</superScript>
Values are reported as the percentage of spoke breadth in a diameter.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="16.[156,768,1467,2077]" lastBlockId="16.[820,1437,1467,2077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,321,1987,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from
<specimenCount box="[543,633,1988,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" type="generic" typeStatus="type">two type</specimenCount>
localities, in the sandy-gravel sediment at Cape Yesu-zaki (lower intertidal zone) and Kushimoto (
<quantity box="[442,517,2053,2077]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5–13 m</quantity>
deep) (where, the specimen numbers were larger than that of Yesu-zaki, but this was not reflected the actual circumstances because of a new law named “Revised Fisheries Act” was enforced from
<date pageId="16" pageNumber="155" value="2020-12-01">1 December 2020</date>
, which made all the holothurians in Japanese waters must not be able to catch, with an exception of the area Kushimoto, where we applied for a license),
<collectingRegion box="[1315,1428,1630,1654]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Wakayama</collectingRegion>
, southern end of the mainland of
<collectingCountry box="[1153,1212,1663,1686]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="16.[820,1437,1467,2077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,965,1695,1719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yamana &amp; Tanaka &amp; Hirabayashi &amp; Dan &amp; Hirai &amp; Ogawa" authorityYear="2022" box="[916,982,1727,1751]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrus">
<emphasis box="[916,982,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">rubrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(meaning red), based on its body color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[820,1437,1467,2077]" lastBlockId="18.[156,767,198,417]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,1106,1760,1784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">DNA barcode sequences</emphasis>
. Two specimens of sequence of the mitochondrial
<emphasis box="[1014,1060,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">CO1</emphasis>
gene, 615 bps and 622 bps were obtained from the
<typeStatus box="[1004,1093,1825,1849]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">holotype</typeStatus>
(WMNH-INV-2019-299: INSD accession number
<accessionNumber box="[1026,1132,1857,1881]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/LC655785" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">LC655785</accessionNumber>
, base frequency A=21.0%, C=13.8%, G=20.3%, T=44.9%) and a
<typeStatus box="[1237,1325,1890,1914]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen (WMNH-INV-2020-29:
<accessionNumber box="[1083,1188,1922,1946]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/LC655786" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">LC655786</accessionNumber>
, base frequency A= 21.1%, C=13.7%, G=20.6%, T=44.7%), respectively. In BLAST searches, the closest hits to the partial
<emphasis box="[1287,1333,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">CO1</emphasis>
sequence are from
<taxonomicName authority="Edwards, 1907" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1907" box="[927,1304,2020,2044]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="albatrossii">
<emphasis box="[927,1135,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Chiridota albatrossii</emphasis>
Edwards, 1907
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber box="[1323,1431,2020,2044]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KX874398" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">KX874398</accessionNumber>
and
<accessionNumber box="[865,973,2053,2077]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KX874397" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">KX874397</accessionNumber>
, with 84.9–85.1% similarity in 98–100% coverage) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yamana and Tanaka" authorityYear="2017" box="[272,525,198,222]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verruculosus">
<emphasis box="[272,525,198,222]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">Taeniogyrus verruculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber box="[540,647,198,222]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/LC203483" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">LC203483</accessionNumber>
, with 84.1– 84.33% similarity in 99 or 100% coverage). The results of BLAST searches shows that there is a great genetic diversity in present genus. It is suggested that the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" box="[646,767,297,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Taeniogyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[646,767,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="157">Taeniogyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
containing large diversity both genetically and morphologically, requires for comprehensive taxonomic revision involving the other apodid holothurians in the future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

80
data/FE/7D/A7/FE7DA70165557DA9E56D3DE8C1EF2412.xml Normal file
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<mods:title>Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bousquety1@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-11-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>245</mods:number>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127865850" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE7DA70165557DA9E56D3DE8C1EF2412" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE7DA70165557DA9E56D3DE8C1EF2412" lastPageNumber="714" pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
<subSubSection pageId="713" pageNumber="714" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
<taxonomicName LSID="FE7DA701-6555-7DA9-E56D-3DE8C1EF2412" authority="(LeConte, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Selenophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenophorus laesus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="713" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesus">Selenophorus laesus (LeConte, 1858)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="713" pageNumber="714" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1858" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="713" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesus">Harpalus laesus</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1858b: 59. Type locality: &quot;Fort Gates, Texas and Tampico [Tamaulipas]&quot; (original citation). Syntype(s) in MCZ [# 5914].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="713" pageNumber="714" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
This species ranges from central Texas south at least to southern Tamaulipas in Mexico (LeConte 1858b: 59). The record from
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Arizona”">&quot;Arizona&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 241) needs confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="713" pageNumber="714" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="713" pageNumber="714">USA</emphasis>
: TX [AZ] - Mexico
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="713" pageNumber="714" type="note">
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="713" pageNumber="714">
Horn (1880e: 180) regarded
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Selenophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="713" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palliatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="713" pageNumber="714">Selenophorus palliatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius) as synonym of this species.
</paragraph>
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