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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e65970" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-9-e65970" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A559676C573554B8A4CFB45D00F7A876" ModsDocID="1314-2828-9-e65970" checkinTime="1633362685362" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fassbender, Nico, Stefanoudis, Paris V, Filander, Zoleka Nontlantla, Gendron, Gilberte, Mah, Christopher L, Mattio, Lydiane, Mortimer, Jeanne A, Moura, Carlos J, Samaai, Toufiek, Samimi-Namin, Kaveh, Wagner, Daniel, Walton, Rowana &amp; Woodall, Lucy C" docDate="2021" docId="FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 9: e65970" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 9" docPubDate="2021-08-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e65970" docTitle="Spheciospongia sp. indet. 3" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="A559676C573554B8A4CFB45D00F7A876" lastPageNumber="65970" masterDocId="A559676C573554B8A4CFB45D00F7A876" masterDocTitle="Reef benthos of Seychelles - A field guide" masterLastPageNumber="65970" masterPageNumber="65970" pageNumber="65970" updateTime="1635278358358" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Reef benthos of Seychelles - A field guide</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fassbender, Nico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nico@nektonmission.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Stefanoudis, Paris V</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4040-8364</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom &amp; Nekton Foundation, Oxford, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka Nontlantla</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment, Branch Oceans and Coasts, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gendron, Gilberte</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Sustainable Ocean Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mah, Christopher L</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mattio, Lydiane</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; blue [c] weed, Brest, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mortimer, Jeanne A</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Seychelles' Conservation &amp; Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT), Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles &amp; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America &amp; Island Conservation Society (ICS), Point Larue, Mahe, Seychelles</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moura, Carlos J</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>OKEANOS / DOP, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7269-293X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment, Branch Oceans and Coasts, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; iZiko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Samimi-Namin, Kaveh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, Arlington, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Walton, Rowana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Mahe ́, Seychelles</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Woodall, Lucy C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom &amp; Nekton Foundation, Oxford, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-08-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e65970</mods:url>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444" lastPageNumber="65970" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
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<taxonomicName LSID="FE2205D4-B737-59FC-BE99-214506520444" authority="sp. indet. 3" class="Demospongiae" family="Darwinellidae" genus="Spheciospongia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spheciospongia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Spheciospongia sp. indet. 3</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65970" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectingMethod="Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR SCUBA" collectorName="Taxon, Spheciospongia, Animalia, Porifera, Demospongiae, Clionaida, Clionaidae, Marshall, Location, Indian Ocean, Astove W, D'Arros N, Desroches S, Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR" country="Seychelles" county="Human" determinerName="Nico Fassbender, Toufiek Samaai, Paris Stefanoudis" elevation="49" location="Astove W 1, D'Arros N 1, Desroches S 1" municipality="Record Level" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectingMethod="Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR SCUBA" collectorName="Taxon, Spheciospongia, Animalia, Porifera, Demospongiae, Clionaida, Clionaidae, Marshall, Location, Indian Ocean, Astove W, D'Arros N, Desroches S, Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR" country="Seychelles" county="Human" determinerName="Nico Fassbender, Toufiek Samaai, Paris Stefanoudis" elevation="49" location="Astove W 1, D'Arros N 1, Desroches S 1" municipality="Record Level" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<collectorName>Taxon</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
scientificName:
<collectorName>Spheciospongia</collectorName>
sp. 3; kingdom:
<collectorName>Animalia</collectorName>
; phylum:
<collectorName>Porifera</collectorName>
; class:
<collectorName>Demospongiae</collectorName>
; order:
<collectorName>Clionaida</collectorName>
; family:
<collectorName>Clionaidae</collectorName>
; genus:
<collectorName>Spheciospongia</collectorName>
; scientificNameAuthorship:
<collectorName>Marshall</collectorName>
, 1892;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<collectorName>Location</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
waterBody:
<collectorName>Indian Ocean</collectorName>
; country:
<collectingCountry name="Seychelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:112F4585BF9C16D037051CF95779712E" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="Astove W 1, D'Arros N 1, Desroches S 1" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<collectorName>Astove W</collectorName>
1,
<collectorName>D'Arros N</collectorName>
1,
<collectorName>Desroches S</collectorName>
1
</location>
; minimumDepthInMeters:
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" unit="m" value="49.1">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" unit="m" value="49.1">49.1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; maximumDepthInMeters:
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" unit="m" value="71.5">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" unit="m" value="71.5">71.5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; locationRemarks:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:AF80B60517D48D3FC8A827C00BE1B90D" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="First Descent">First Descent</location>
:
<collectingCountry name="Seychelles">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:3CC5B3B39926A570F01C1FFB33AB27B5" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="Expedition">Expedition</location>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:E78D2EB0606F226F84E8997D93A8BAD9" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="Identification">Identification</location>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:2302DF03A9AA3BC293A606D722C0BDC1" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="Nico Fassbender">Nico Fassbender</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:883BCCF22CC2BBF60CE2AC03D0671A91" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="Toufiek Samaai">Toufiek Samaai</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:97B5945F591F886A48286CE9D4217A2B" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="Paris Stefanoudis">Paris Stefanoudis</location>
</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2019, 2020; identificationRemarks: identified only from imagery;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE2205D4B73759FCBE99214506520444:7883C0F5A377A359C264CBA5F3A4DAAF" country="Seychelles" county="Human" municipality="Record Level" name="Event">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<collectorName>Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR</collectorName>
SCUBA
</collectingMethod>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
<collectingMunicipality>Record Level</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
basisOfRecord:
<collectingCounty>Human</collectingCounty>
observation
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65970" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">
Barrel sponge with a smooth surface. Maximum recorded size: 20 cm across. Singular, very conspicuous terminal oscule. Can be covered in epifauna. Colouration creamy-brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6744064" pageId="0" pageNumber="65970">155</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="8B0B5E0C9AD723AC30D5C8EAF7CC7623" ID-CLB-Dataset="27957" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b259352-877d-478f-af23-1319751dd65e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2609897" ID-ZooBank="85AC8A36-1287-4AE9-9E49-958ABDBB3ADB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553623941029" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lu, Lin, Webb, M. D. &amp; Zhang, Yalin" docDate="2018" docId="FE220C472721A87022F1FA68FB24D30F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Papuakutara ficus Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="283" masterDocId="021B743F2723A8722266FFE4FF96D478" masterDocTitle="A new leafhopper genus of subtribe Paraboloponina (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini), with description of two new species from Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="281" pageNumber="283" updateTime="1698713738149" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22721A87022F1FA68FEE1D1DE" ID-CoL="8RMGH" authority="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang, 2018" authorityName="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,375,1420,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Papuakutara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87022F1FA68FEE1D1DE" bold="true" box="[151,375,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Papuakutara ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5FCCDC382721A870231BFA68FE4DD1DE" box="[381,475,1420,1446]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2721A87022F1FA4AFC5BD2BA" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="description">
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022F1FA4AFEBAD1BF" blockId="2.[151,475,1420,1479]" box="[151,300,1454,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
(
<figureCitation id="EEB0A1D42721A87022F9FA4AFF71D1BF" box="[159,231,1454,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[296,1299,239,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papuakutara species. A–G, Papuakutara ficus sp. nov. A, habitus dorsal view; B–C, male pygofer, lateral and dorsal view; D, aedeagus, lateral view; E, aedeagus, style, connective and subgenital; plates, lateral and ventral view. F–G, female first and second valvulae, lateral view; H, P. lucidicosta, lectotype habitus, dorsal view and labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609899/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–G)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022F1FA12FB36D277" blockId="2.[151,1437,1526,1911]" box="[151,1184,1526,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
Length (including tegmen). Male:
<quantity id="B17310B42721A870207FFA12FDFED277" box="[537,616,1526,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="608D76D82721A870201EFA13FC91D277" box="[632,775,1526,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
); female: 7.6–8.0mm (
<specimenCount id="608D76D82721A8702663FA13FB02D277" box="[1029,1172,1526,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022A1F9FEFAFDD22F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1526,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Color as in generic description, female pregenital sternite with brown mark each side of midline posteriorly. Fore tibia with dorsal macrosetae arrangement of rows AD and PD: female 6+4, male 2 (basal and apical) + 4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022A1F986FC5BD2BA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1526,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Male genitalia. Style with apophysis stout, foot-like, preapical lobe weak. Aedeagus with shaft evenly curved dorsally, cylindrical, similar in width throughout length in lateral view, elongate ventral process from socle distinctly longer than shaft, twisted to one side and tapered to acute apex.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2721A87022A1F92AFD4FD357" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022A1F92AFD4FD357" blockId="2.[151,1437,1526,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87022A1F92AFDB8D29F" bold="true" box="[199,558,1742,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation id="C6E3B70C2721A87023DEF92AFDB8D29F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521015" box="[440,558,1742,1767]" collectingDate="1995" collectingDateMax="1996" collectingDateMin="1995" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Ficus" municipality="Pau Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madang" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="A93003F32721A87023DEF92AFDBFD29F" box="[440,553,1742,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
male,
<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12721A870201CF92BFCC1D29F" box="[634,855,1742,1767]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="B44F73B32721A8702104F92AFBBDD29F" box="[866,1067,1742,1767]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Madang Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9650272B2721A8702651F92BFB2BD29F" box="[1079,1213,1742,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Pau Village</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="02359B912721A87026AEF92AFABED29F" box="[1224,1320,1742,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="1995" valueMax="1996">
<collectingDate id="127162792721A87026AEF92AFABED29F" box="[1224,1320,1742,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" value="1995" valueMax="1996">1995-96</collectingDate>
</date>
, on
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A8702731F92BFA03D29E" box="[1367,1429,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<location id="7354EB8A2721A8702731F92BFA03D29E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE220C472721A87022F1FA68FB24D30F:7354EB8A2721A8702731F92BFA03D29E" box="[1367,1429,1743,1766]" country="Papua New Guinea" municipality="Pau Village" name="Ficus" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Madang">Ficus</location>
</emphasis>
, NHMUK 0 10747669.
<materialsCitation id="C6E3B70C2721A87023F3F917FC74D373" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521014" box="[405,994,1778,1803]" collectingDate="1995" collectingDateMax="1996" collectingDateMin="1995" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Ficus" municipality="Pau Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Madang" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="A93003F32721A87023F3F917FD90D373" box="[405,518,1779,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="608D76D82721A8702077F917FDC9D373" box="[529,607,1778,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="608D76D82721A870200DF917FD4DD373" box="[619,731,1778,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C6E3B70C2721A8702188F917FD43D357" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521016" collectingDate="1995" collectingDateMax="1996" collectingDateMin="1995" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Ohu Village" municipality="Pau Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="NHMUK 010747670-75" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Madang" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="608D76D82721A8702188F917FBD1D373" box="[1006,1095,1778,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype except
<location id="7354EB8A2721A87022F1F8F2FE89D357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE220C472721A87022F1FA68FB24D30F:7354EB8A2721A87022F1F8F2FE89D357" box="[151,287,1814,1839]" name="Ohu Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Ohu Village</location>
(all
<collectionCode id="109A25942721A8702334F8F3FE3DD357" box="[338,427,1815,1839]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">BMNH</collectionCode>
),
<specimenCode id="262D152A2721A87023D8F8F3FD43D357" box="[446,725,1814,1839]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="Museum">NHMUK 010747670-75</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2721A87022A1F8DEFA16D32A" box="[199,1408,1850,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022A1F8DEFA16D32A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1526,1911]" box="[199,1408,1850,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87022A1F8DEFED8D32B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1850,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet “
<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22721A8702022F8DFFDEFD32B" authorityName="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[580,633,1851,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Papuakutara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A8702022F8DFFDEFD32B" box="[580,633,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” refers to the host plant,
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87021F3F8DFFC42D32A" box="[917,980,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Ficus</emphasis>
and is treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2721A87022A1F8BAFB24D30F" box="[199,1202,1886,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022A1F8BAFB24D30F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1526,1911]" box="[199,1202,1886,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87022A1F8BAFEA2D30F" bold="true" box="[199,308,1886,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species differs from
<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22721A8702039F8BBFC92D30E" authorityName="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[607,772,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Papuakutara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustipenis">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A8702039F8BBFC92D30E" box="[607,772,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">P. robustipenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the characters indicated in the key.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

97
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<mods:title id="88E26F48D9B9C639B015E49FA8965C8C">A new leafhopper genus of subtribe Paraboloponina (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini), with description of two new species from Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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<treatment id="FE220C472721A87022F1FB6CFA0DD143" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986877" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986877" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE220C472721A87022F1FB6CFA0DD143" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE220C472721A87022F1FB6CFA0DD143" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2721A87022F1FB6CFDFBD0DA" box="[151,621,1159,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022F1FB6CFDFBD0DA" blockId="2.[151,621,1159,1186]" box="[151,621,1159,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<heading id="2D7C0A3D2721A87022F1FB6CFDFBD0DA" bold="true" box="[151,621,1159,1186]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" reason="1">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87022F1FB6CFDFBD0DA" bold="true" box="[151,621,1159,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22721A870230BFB63FD9CD0D9" ID-CoL="8RGQV" authority="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang, 2018" authorityName="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[365,522,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Papuakutara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A870230BFB63FD9CD0D9" bold="true" box="[365,522,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Papuakutara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(males)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2721A87022F1FB29FA0DD143" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" type="key">
<keyStep id="CD7FA5F42721A87022F1FB29FA0DD143" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022F1FB29FA0DD179" blockId="2.[151,1435,1229,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<keyLead id="CD7A1E642721A87022F1FB29FA0DD179" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
1 Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="EEB0A1D42721A870232AFB29FE01D09B" box="[332,407,1229,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[296,1299,239,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papuakutara species. A–G, Papuakutara ficus sp. nov. A, habitus dorsal view; B–C, male pygofer, lateral and dorsal view; D, aedeagus, lateral view; E, aedeagus, style, connective and subgenital; plates, lateral and ventral view. F–G, female first and second valvulae, lateral view; H, P. lucidicosta, lectotype habitus, dorsal view and labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609899/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
) with shaft narrow throughout length in lateral view; style (
<figureCitation id="EEB0A1D42721A87021B3FB29FB8AD09B" box="[981,1052,1229,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[296,1299,239,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papuakutara species. A–G, Papuakutara ficus sp. nov. A, habitus dorsal view; B–C, male pygofer, lateral and dorsal view; D, aedeagus, lateral view; E, aedeagus, style, connective and subgenital; plates, lateral and ventral view. F–G, female first and second valvulae, lateral view; H, P. lucidicosta, lectotype habitus, dorsal view and labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609899/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
) with apophysis stout in ventral view.................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22721A8702730FB08FA0DD179" ID-CoL="8RMGH" authorityName="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[1366,1435,1260,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Papuakutara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A8702730FB08FA0DD179" box="[1366,1435,1260,1281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">P. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022F1FAEDFA0DD143" blockId="2.[151,1435,1229,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
<keyLead id="CD7A1E642721A87022F1FAEDFA0DD143" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">
- Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="EEB0A1D42721A870232BFAECFE0ED166" box="[333,408,1288,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[189,1383,193,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1398,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Papuakutara robustipenis sp. nov. A–B, Habitus, dorsal and lateral view; C, head; D, face; E, head, dorsoanterior view; F, forewing; G, hindwing; H–J, male pygofer, lateral, caudal and dorsal view; K–L, valve, subgenital plates, style and aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view; M–N, aedeagus, lateral and ventral view; O–P, apex of aedeagus, lateral and dorsal view; Q, male 2nd abdominal tergite, dorsal view; R, male 2nd sternal apodemes, dorsal view; S, male 1 st sternal apodemes, dorso-anterior view; T, front leg, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609901/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 2O</figureCitation>
) with shaft laterally compressed and expanded apically in lateral view; style (
<figureCitation id="EEB0A1D42721A87026E0FAECFB47D166" box="[1158,1233,1288,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[189,1383,193,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1398,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Papuakutara robustipenis sp. nov. A–B, Habitus, dorsal and lateral view; C, head; D, face; E, head, dorsoanterior view; F, forewing; G, hindwing; H–J, male pygofer, lateral, caudal and dorsal view; K–L, valve, subgenital plates, style and aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view; M–N, aedeagus, lateral and ventral view; O–P, apex of aedeagus, lateral and dorsal view; Q, male 2nd abdominal tergite, dorsal view; R, male 2nd sternal apodemes, dorsal view; S, male 1 st sternal apodemes, dorso-anterior view; T, front leg, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609901/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
) with apophysis nar- row in ventral view..........................................................................
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<emphasis id="44FF61432721A8702768FAC2FA0DD143" box="[1294,1435,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">P. robustipenis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1F8E6FEA2D364" bold="true" box="[151,308,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Papuakutara</emphasis>
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species:
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1F868FEBFD3DD" bold="true" box="[151,297,1932,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Description.</emphasis>
Head yellow; vertex with subapical fine transverse dark brown band centrally. Pronotum yellowish brown with broad transverse dark brown band in middle. Forewings brownish hyaline; claval veins yellow, remaining veins brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512721A87022A1FF73FB76D5A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Head as broad as pronotum, anterior margin with pair of interocular carina, laterally above and below ocelli with some fine striations between carina; vertex transversely sulcate subapically, elevated posteriorly, fore and hind margin subparallel; ocelli located on anterior margin distant from eye; antennae approximately half as long as body, arising at mid height of eye in facial view; antennal pit not encroaching onto clypeus; anteclypeus with sides concave. Pronotum similar in length to scutellum, lateral margin very short, carinate. Forewing with four apical and three subapical cells, inner subapical cell open; claval veins without cross vein, cross vein present between inner claval vein and inner claval margin; appendix narrow. Fore femur with single long seta AV1 and 2–3 very short, widely spaced AV setae in basal half, intercalary row with about 12 setae, AM1 large and near ventral margin. Fore tibia with 2+4 to 6+4 dorsal macrosetae. Hind femur dorsoapical macrosetae 2+2+1.</paragraph>
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Female with second valvulae blade-shaped with a subbasal dorsal prominence and another dorsal prominence basad of dorsal hyaline area, several robust unaligned teeth over distal third of dorsal margin (
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).
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<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87022A1FCFBFEF6D740" bold="true" box="[199,352,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="B44F73B32721A8702301FCC4FE3DD74F" box="[359,427,800,823]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Papua</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12721A87023DCFCFBFDBCD740" box="[442,554,799,824]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12721A870200EFCC4FCD2D740" box="[616,836,799,824]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis id="44FF61432721A87022A1FCA0FEADD725" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the key to genera of Paraboloponina (
<bibRefCitation id="121AC0A02721A8702174FCA0FBAED724" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[786,1080,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref3347" refString="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D. (1996) A revised classification of the Asian and Pacific Selenocephalinae leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Entomology Series, 65, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1996">Zhang &amp; Webb, 1996: 10</bibRefCitation>
) the new genus runs to
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Distant
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based on its posteriorly elevated vertex, dorsal 2+4 foretibia macrosetae and stem of connective not greatly expanded laterally. However, it differs from that genus both in geographical distribution and morphology.
<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22721A8702755FC69FA14D7DC" box="[1331,1410,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Kutara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="44FF61432721A8702755FC69FA14D7DC" box="[1331,1410,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Kutara</emphasis>
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is distributed throughout mainland East and South Asia to Western
<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12721A870211AFC4BFC7FD7B0" box="[892,1001,943,968]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
while the new genus is found in New
<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12721A87022F1FC30FF7AD795" box="[151,236,980,1005]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Externally
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<emphasis id="44FF61432721A8702314FC30FD92D794" box="[370,516,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="283">Papuakutara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in lacking a cross vein between the claval veins of the forewing and in the male genitalia by the connective not angled at midlength and aedeagal shaft not usually produced beyond the gonopore and with a basal process.
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1FB4CFE3DD0B8" box="[151,427,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Papuakutara lucidicosta</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
; Walker, 1870: 323,
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87321E1FB4DFC5BD0B8" box="[903,973,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Iassus</emphasis>
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, NG;
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: 16
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, fig. 495,
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322A1FB29FE80D09C" box="[199,278,1229,1252]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Kutara</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="608D76D82722A87323FDFB29FE26D09C" box="[411,432,1229,1252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, New
<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12722A873239CFB28FDD8D09D" box="[506,590,1228,1253]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="121AC0A02722A873209DFB28FC66D09D" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[763,1008,1228,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref3347" refString="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D. (1996) A revised classification of the Asian and Pacific Selenocephalinae leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Entomology Series, 65, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1996">Zhang &amp; Webb, 1996</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1FB14FE2FD170" box="[151,441,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Papuakutara robustipenis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5FCCDC382722A87323A6FB0BFD8CD170" box="[448,538,1263,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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142
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; Kirkaldy, 1907: 41,
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;
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: 60
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, fig 86,
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and WP.
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: 60
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, figs 79–85,
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1FC34FEF0D79F" box="[151,358,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Parohinka sinuata</emphasis>
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: 60
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, fig 86,
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: 64
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, figs 98–102,
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1FBFCFEE9D057" box="[151,383,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Parohinka trispicata</emphasis>
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: 61
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, figs 87–91,
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<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22722A87322F1FF1BFE69D560" ID-CoL="8R4Y8" authority="Kirkaldy, 1906" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,511,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Dryadomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1FF1BFED1D560" bold="true" box="[151,327,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Dryadomorpha</emphasis>
Kirkaldy, 1906
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="7634BD512722A87322F1FEC1FB21D544" blockId="1.[151,1207,255,352]" box="[151,1207,292,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
For full synonymy see
<bibRefCitation id="121AC0A02722A87323FFFEC0FC9ED545" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[409,776,292,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref3347" refString="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D. (1996) A revised classification of the Asian and Pacific Selenocephalinae leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Entomology Series, 65, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1996">Zhang &amp; Webb (1996, checklist)</bibRefCitation>
and for full citations see
<bibRefCitation id="121AC0A02722A8732643FEC0FB21D544" author="Webb, M. D." box="[1061,1207,292,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="39 - 76" refId="ref3262" refString="Webb, M. D. (1981) The Asian, Australasian and Pacific Paraboloponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 43, 39 - 76." type="journal article" year="1981">Webb (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2722A87322F1FEACFCBAD518" box="[151,812,327,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7634BD512722A87322F1FEACFCBAD518" blockId="1.[151,1207,255,352]" box="[151,812,327,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">
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<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22722A87322F1FEACFDC9D518" ID-CoL="6DLL7" authority="Webb, 1981: 55" authorityName="Webb" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,607,327,352]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Dryadomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="44FF61432722A87322F1FEACFE33D518" box="[151,421,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">Dryadomorpha pacifica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F72A9B402722A87323CAFEA3FDC9D518" author="Webb, M. D." box="[428,607,327,352]" page="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="121AC0A02722A87323CAFEA3FDA0D518" author="Webb, M. D." box="[428,566,327,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" pagination="39 - 76" refId="ref3262" refString="Webb, M. D. (1981) The Asian, Australasian and Pacific Paraboloponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 43, 39 - 76." type="journal article" year="1981">Webb, 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 55
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 64–67,
<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12722A8732096FEACFCBED518" box="[752,808,328,352]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="282">PNG</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="6E36ECAF9D2451C4D9CAA1878A6BE565">A new leafhopper genus of subtribe Paraboloponina (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini), with description of two new species from Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722F1FD43FE46D6B9" bold="true" box="[151,464,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Papuakutara robustipenis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5FCCDC382726A87723B1FD4CFDA3D6BA" box="[471,565,680,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="7634BD512726A87722F1FD2EFEBED69B" blockId="5.[151,565,679,739]" box="[151,296,714,739]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
(
<figureCitation id="EEB0A1D42726A87722F9FD2EFF7AD69B" box="[159,236,714,739]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[189,1383,193,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1398,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Papuakutara robustipenis sp. nov. A–B, Habitus, dorsal and lateral view; C, head; D, face; E, head, dorsoanterior view; F, forewing; G, hindwing; H–J, male pygofer, lateral, caudal and dorsal view; K–L, valve, subgenital plates, style and aedeagus, dorsal and ventral view; M–N, aedeagus, lateral and ventral view; O–P, apex of aedeagus, lateral and dorsal view; Q, male 2nd abdominal tergite, dorsal view; R, male 2nd sternal apodemes, dorsal view; S, male 1 st sternal apodemes, dorso-anterior view; T, front leg, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609901/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A–S)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512726A87722F1FCF6FC99D752" blockId="5.[151,1436,786,1213]" box="[151,783,786,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722F1FCF6FEBFD753" bold="true" box="[151,297,786,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Description.</emphasis>
Length (including tegmen). Male:
<quantity id="B17310B42726A87720D4FCF6FC9DD752" box="[690,779,786,811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512726A87722A1FCD2FCDDD70B" blockId="5.[151,1436,786,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Colour and external features as in generic description, forewing with brownish streak in each cell. Fore tibia with dorsal macrosetae arrangement of rows AD and PD 2+4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512726A87722A1FC65FB64D7B9" blockId="5.[151,1436,786,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">
Male abdominal apodemes as in figures 2Q–S. 2
<superScript id="81FE10192726A8772091FC99FC91D7F3" attach="left" box="[759,775,893,907]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">nd</superScript>
acrotergite with trunk horizontal; neck slender. 1
<superScript id="81FE10192726A8772758FC99FADED7F3" attach="left" box="[1342,1352,893,907]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">st</superScript>
sternal apodeme with posterior lobes convergent distally. 2
<superScript id="81FE10192726A87720BEFC40FD7ED7CA" attach="left" box="[728,744,932,946]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">nd</superScript>
sternal apodeme with posterior lobes reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7634BD512726A87722A1FC28FAD1D054" blockId="5.[151,1436,786,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Male genitalia. Style with apophysis narrowly foot-shaped, preapical lobe distinct. Aedeagus robust, shaft evenly curved dorsally, cylindrical basally, laterally compressed distally and very broad distally in lateral view; elongate ventral process from socle similar in length to shaft, twisted to one side and tapered to acute apex.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722A1FBDCFE24D029" bold="true" box="[199,434,1080,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="C6E3B70C2726A87723DDFBDCFC3BD00D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521017" collectingDate="1983-07-12" collectingDateMax="1983-07-14" collectingDateMin="1983-07-12" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="S. E. &amp; P. M. Miller" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Wau" elevation="1200" location="Montane Forest" municipality="Wau Ecological Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="A93003F32726A87723DDFBDCFDBED029" box="[443,552,1080,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male,
<collectingCountry id="0E9CFDC12726A877201CFBDDFCCFD029" box="[634,857,1080,1105]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="B44F73B32726A8772100FBDCFBB8D029" box="[870,1070,1080,1105]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Morobe Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="9F55C5DD2726A877265DFBDDFBE7D028" box="[1083,1137,1081,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Wau</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9650272B2726A877261BFBDDFA0ED029" box="[1149,1432,1080,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Wau Ecological Institute</collectingMunicipality>
,
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<collectingDate id="127162792726A87722F1FBB8FED5D00D" box="[151,323,1116,1141]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" value="1983-07-12" valueMax="1983-07-14" valueMin="1983-07-12">12–14.vii.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="DB7ED8872726A8772328FBB9FDB5D00D" box="[334,547,1116,1141]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">S.E. &amp; P.M. Miller</collectorName>
,
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,
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(
<collectionCode id="109A25942726A877212FFBB9FC36D00D" box="[841,928,1117,1141]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2726A87722A1FB64FBBFD0E1" box="[199,1065,1152,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722A1FB64FED8D0E1" bold="true" box="[199,334,1152,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet “
<taxonomicName id="B18BC6D22726A8772022FB64FD5BD0E0" authorityName="Lu &amp; Webb &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[580,717,1152,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Papuakutara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustipenis">
<emphasis id="44FF61432726A8772022FB64FD5BD0E0" box="[580,717,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">robustipenis</emphasis>
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” refers to the robust aedeagus.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3E91EEDA2726A87722A1FB40FBCBD0C5" box="[199,1117,1188,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722A1FB40FEA2D0C5" bold="true" box="[199,308,1188,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species differs from
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by the characters indicated in the key.
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130
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(
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<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722F1FEC6FEC2D54E" box="[151,340,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Kutara lucidicosta</emphasis>
,
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<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722F1FE80FE16D505" bold="true" box="[151,384,356,381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="44FF61432726A87722A1FE63FEA2D5D8" bold="true" box="[199,308,391,416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens (syntypic). The
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, was listed as female but the sex of the specimen lacks its abdomen (as they also note, p.16 under generic Remarks) and in its original description it was recorded as male. Their similar figured female specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="121AC0A02726A87723A7FE10FCBAD675" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[449,812,500,525]" pageId="5" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref3347" refString="Zhang, Y. &amp; Webb, M. D. (1996) A revised classification of the Asian and Pacific Selenocephalinae leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Entomology Series, 65, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1996">Zhang &amp; Webb, 1996: Fig. 495</bibRefCitation>
) from Kokoda (
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) (BMNH), also of uncertain identity due to the absence of an associated male, belongs to the same genus as do several other similar specimens in the BMNH collection, including those from West Papua (see generic Remarks).
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<emphasis id="BCF6FAF9AC78E2A2008D53BDADB73AB1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="352">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DEEBEFAC6B37ABB5548DA710F22C7FE3" authority="Thomas 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="blasii" subSpecies="brockmani">
<emphasis id="A66219F964807B8C86113E6E69930E9A" italics="true" pageNumber="352">Rhinolophus blasii</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="F32373689F95369B75C902381AC7E120" italics="true" pageNumber="352">brockmani</emphasis>
Thomas 1910
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.220.95137" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-220-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1110997CE6195C14B901186F4D34D1E4" ModsDocID="1314-2003-220-39" checkinTime="1677176319677" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Zhi-Heng, Zhang, Zhong-Yang, Song, Xi-Qiang &amp; Zhang, Zhe" docDate="2023" docId="FE223882DB1F505AB657A97A4E716201" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 220: 39-50" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 220" docPubDate="2023-02-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.220.95137" docTitle="Gastrodia bawanglingensis Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="1110997CE6195C14B901186F4D34D1E4" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="1110997CE6195C14B901186F4D34D1E4" masterDocTitle="Gastrodia bawanglingensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Hainan Island, China" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1677176319677" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Gastrodia bawanglingensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Hainan Island, China</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chen, Zhi-Heng</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9205-5556</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Zhong-Yang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-8733</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Song, Xi-Qiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China &amp; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">songstrong@hainanu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Zhe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China &amp; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>220</mods:number>
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.220.95137</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.220.95137</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE223882DB1F505AB657A97A4E716201" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE223882DB1F505AB657A97A4E716201" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName LSID="FE223882-DB1F-505A-B657-A97A4E716201" authority="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis" status="sp. nov.">Gastrodia bawanglingensis Z.H.Chen, Z.Y.Zhang &amp; X.Q.Song</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Gastrodia bawanglingensis Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song, sp. nov. A plant B flowers C flattened perianth tube D lip, column and ovary E column F, G lip H fruiting specimen. Illustration by Ling-Yi Cao, based on the holotype of Z. Y. Zhang 006 (HUFB)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.220.95137.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/814997" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="China" location="Hainan Province" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
: Bawangling
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-04-25" collectorName="Z. Y. Zhang" country="China" elevation="900" location="Tropical Rainforest National Park" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan" typeStatus="Holotype">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE223882DB1F505AB657A97A4E716201:EDC4B82210EE07618BC462AE49FCB4D1" country="China" name="Tropical Rainforest National Park" stateProvince="Hainan">Tropical Rainforest National Park</location>
, in tropical rainforest,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.5" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="850.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.5" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="850.0">850-950 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<collectingDate value="2022-04-25">25 April 2022</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Z.Y. Zhang</collectorName>
006 (
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
, HUFB!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. albidoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. albidoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with dwarf habits, scarcely opening flowers, elongated fruit stems, curved and fleshy perianth tubes and similar columns and lips, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having lateral sepals adnate to 4/5 of total length (vs. lateral sepals adnate to 1/2 of total length), lip with four ridges (vs. lip with two ridges), the absence of a column foot (vs. the presence of a column foot) and a pair of lateral wings bent outwards (vs. lateral wings upright) at the column apex (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Differences between Gastrodia bawanglingensis, G. albidoides, G. theana and G. albida." pageId="0" pageNumber="39">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.220.95137.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/814997" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Z.H.Chen, Z.Y.Zhang &amp; X.Q.Song, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
plant
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
flowers
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
flattened perianth tube
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
lip, column and ovary
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
column
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">F, G</emphasis>
lip
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">H</emphasis>
fruiting specimen. Illustration by Ling-Yi Cao, based on the holotype of Z.Y. Zhang 006 (HUFB).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Table 2.</emphasis>
Differences between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. albidoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. albidoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. theana" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="theana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. theana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. albida" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. albida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. albidoides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albidoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. albidoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. theana" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="theana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. theana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. albida" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. albida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Perianth tube</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">slightly verrucous in the middle and upper part, distinct verrucose apically</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">slightly verrucose towards apex, otherwise smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">distinctly striate and verrucose throughout</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">distinctly verrucose throughout</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Lateral sepals</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">adnate, to 4/5 of their length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">adnate, to 1/2 their length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">adnate, 1/3-1/4 their length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">adnate, 1/5-1/6 their length</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Petals</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
brownish, fleshy, petals whitish on both sides, triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
whitish, thin in texture, triangular-ovate, 0.8-1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6-0.8 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
salmon-pink, thin in texture, narrowly triangular, 0.4-0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.3 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
whitish outside, orange inside, fleshy, oblong-ovate, ca. 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0 mm
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Lip</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">red at the base, light green at the middle, reddish-brown apically and marginally, epichile rhombic-ovate, 5-7 nerved, disc thickened with four ridges, a pair of low ridges outside the two main ridges. truncate at base, hypochile with two whitish, globose, subsessile, nectarless calli, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">pale green, epichile rhombic-ovate, 6-7-nerved, disc thickened with two ridges, rounded at base, hypochile with two whitish, globose, subsessile, nectarless calli, ca.1 mm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">green, epichile ovate, 5-nerved, disc slightly elevate longitudinally at middle, with four ridges four ridges, arranged one behind the other. cordate at base, hypochile with two whitish, globose, subsessile, nectarless calli, ca.0.8 mm in diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">white, epichile triangular, disc thickened with two ridges, truncate at base; hypochile with two whitish, globose, subsessile, nectarless calli, ca.1 mm in diameter</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Column</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">apex with a pair of lateral wings bent outwards; lateral wings with acuminate tips lower than anther</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">apex with a pair of lateral wings; lateral wings with acuminate tips superior to anther</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">apex with a pair of lateral wings bent inwards; lateral wings with acuminate tips superior to anther</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">with a pair of lateral wings distally; edges of lateral wings parallel to column</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Column foot</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">1.5-1.8 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">1.5-1.8 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">column foot very short</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Rostellum</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">
0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Terrestrial, leafless, achlorophyllous herbs. Roots few, slender, 1-7 cm long, ca. 0.5-0.7 mm in diameter. Rhizome fleshy, tuberous, fusiform, 3-4 cm long, 5-7 mm in diameter, dark brown, covered with numerous scales. Scales verticillate, lanceolate, dark brown,1-2 mm long. Inflorescence erect, terminal, 2.0-6.5 cm long, ca. 2.2 mm in diameter, white to orange-brown, peduncle 3-4 noded, ovate to broadly ovate, sheath membranous, 3-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 mm; rachis often less than 5 mm long. Bracts membranous, ovate to ovate-oblong, apex pointed, pale yellowish-brown, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide. Ovary 3-6 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter. Flowers (1-) 2-4 (-6), erect, bell-shaped, slightly curved, not opening widely, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter. Flowers whitish on both surfaces, apex brownish, lip red at the base, light green at the middle, reddish-brown apically and marginally; column white. Sepals and petals united, forming a 5-lobed perianth tube, 8-10 mm long, slightly verrucous in the middle and upper part, distinctly verrucose apically. Sepals fleshy, thickened, similar. Lateral sepals fused to 4/5 of their length, whitish on both surfaces, apex is brownish; free lobe of dorsal sepal triangle, ca. 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0 mm; free lobes of lateral sepals ovate, ca. 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0 mm. Petals connate with sepals, free portions brownish, whitish on both sides, triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, connate portions distinctly thickened and the inside is obviously reddish-brown, forming a pair of ridge-like structures inside the perianth tube and the other side of the ridge-like structures is flesh-coloured. Lip rhombic-ovate, base adnate to perianth tube, 3.5-4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0-2.2 mm; hypochile with two whitish, globose, subsessile, nectarless calli, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter; epichile 5-7 nerved, truncate at base, entire, disc thickened with four ridges, a pair of low ridges outside the two main ridges; the two main ridges fused into one before reaching the tip, main ridges much raised and tinged orange near apex. Column 4.2-4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.6-1.8 mm, apex with a pair of lateral wings bent outwards; lateral wings with acuminate tips lower than anther; column foot absent; rostellum 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 mm; stigma located near base. Anther hemispherical, 0.6-0.7 mm in diameter; pollinia 2. Capsule ellipsoid, 1.2-1.8 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter; pedicel elongating to 10-25 cm in fruit. Seeds fusiform, 1.6-2.2 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">The new species is named after Bawangling, the mid-west State of Hainan Island where it was discovered in a vast area of primitive montane rainforest.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="vernacular name">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<normalizedToken originalValue="霸王岭天麻">霸王岭天麻</normalizedToken>
(Chinese pinyin:
<normalizedToken originalValue="bà">ba</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="wáng">wang</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="lǐng">lǐng</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="tiān">tian</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="má">ma</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a terrestrial mycoheterotrophic species that grows in montane rainforests which are dominated by
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Dysoxylum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dysoxylum gotadhora" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gotadhora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dysoxylum gotadhora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Buch.-Ham.) Mabb.,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Livistona" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Livistona saribus" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saribus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Livistona saribus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lour.) Merr. and A.Chev.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hancea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hancea hookeriana" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hookeriana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Hancea hookeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Seem. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Engelhardia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Engelhardia roxburghiana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roxburghiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Engelhardia roxburghiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lindl. at elevations from 850 m to 950 m and associated with other orchids, such as
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Anoectochilus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anoectochilus hainanensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Anoectochilus hainanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H.Z.Tian, F.W.Xing &amp; L.Li,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roxburghii" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="roxburghii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">A. roxburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wall.) Lindl.,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Oxystophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oxystophyllum changjiangense" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="changjiangense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Oxystophyllum changjiangense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(S.J.Cheng &amp; C.Z.Tang) M.A.Clem.,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Dendrobium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrobium hainanense" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hainanense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dendrobium hainanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rolfe,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cymbidium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cymbidium kanran" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kanran">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Cymbidium kanran</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Makino and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Micropera" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micropera poilanei" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="poilanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Micropera poilanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Guillaumin) Garay. So far, only the type subpopulation has been found in the tropical rainforest of Bawangling, in Hainan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Endangered [EN D1].
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was discovered in the mountain rainforest of Bawangling in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. Until now, only the type subpopulation, consisting of ca. 100 individuals, has been discovered in Bawangling. Since its number of mature individuals is fewer than 250, we assess it as Endangered (EN) using criterion D1 (
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, M-Z" journalOrPublisher="Redai Zuowu Xuebao" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuide-lines.pdf" refId="B11" refString="2022. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuide-lines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuide-lines.pdf" year="2022">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed flowering and fruiting in April and May.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="pollination implication">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Pollination implication.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Flowers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. H. Chen, Z. Y. Zhang &amp; X. Q. Song" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
barely open and pollen massulae were observed on the stigma when flowers were dissected. Through field observation, it was found that the fruiting rate is very high. We bagged buds on 3 plants with 10 flowers in total prior to the anthesis, and found that each of them has evolved into fruit after 15 days. These observations indicate that the new species probably self-pollinates.
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably the only genus that contains species with completely cleistogamous flowers as confirmed by intensive monitoring. Self-pollination might be an adaptation to ensure reproduction, compensating for the defi- ciency of pollinators in the habitat (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10281" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Plants, People, Planet" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="418 - 422" refId="B31" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2022. Living in the shadows: Gastrodia orchids lack functional leaves and open flowers. Plants, People, Planet 4 (5): 418 - 422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10281" title="Living in the shadows: Gastrodia orchids lack functional leaves and open flowers." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10281" volume="4" year="2022">Suetsugu 2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18495" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="323 - 338" refId="B32" refString="Suetsugu, K, Fukushima, K, Makino, T, Ikematsu, S, Sakamoto, T, Kimura, S, 2022. Transcriptomic heterochrony and completely cleistogamous flower development in the mycoheterotrophic orchid Gastrodia. New Phytologist 237 (1): 323 - 338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18495" title="Transcriptomic heterochrony and completely cleistogamous flower development in the mycoheterotrophic orchid Gastrodia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18495" volume="237" year="2022">Suetsugu et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Currently, complete cleistogamy has been reported in five
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species:
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. clausa" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clausa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. clausa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. takeshimensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="takeshimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. takeshimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. flexistyloides" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexistyloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. flexistyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. kuroshimensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kuroshimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. kuroshimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. amamiana" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amamiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. amamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, T-C" journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B9" refString="Hsu, T-C, Chung, S-W, Kuo, C-M, 2012. Supplements to the Orchid Flora of Taiwan 57(VI): 1-7." title="Supplements to the Orchid Flora of Taiwan 57 (VI): 1 - 7." year="2012">Hsu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.050.0613" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="375 - 378" refId="B26" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2013. Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae), a New Mycoheterotrophic Species from Japan. Annales Botanici Fennici 50 (6): 375 - 378, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.050.0613" title="Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae), a New Mycoheterotrophic Species from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.050.0613" volume="50" year="2013">Suetsugu 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination=": 270" refId="B27" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2014. Gastrodia flexistyloides (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant with complete cleistogamy from Japan. Phytotaxa 175 (5): 270, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" title="Gastrodia flexistyloides (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant with complete cleistogamy from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" volume="175" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.6" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination=": 265" refId="B28" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2016. Gastrodia kuroshimensis (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic and complete cleistogamous plant from Japan. Phytotaxa 278 (3): 265, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.6" title="Gastrodia kuroshimensis (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic and complete cleistogamous plant from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.6" volume="278" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.413.3.3" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="225 - 230" refId="B29" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2019. Gastrodia amamiana (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Gastrodieae), a new completely cleistogamous species from Japan. Phytotaxa 413 (3): 225 - 230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.413.3.3" title="Gastrodia amamiana (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Gastrodieae), a new completely cleistogamous species from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.413.3.3" volume="413" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely to be the sixth species reported. Similar to other five species,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also distributed on the island, further confirming island colonization may be one of the factors of evolution of complete cleistogamy. And compared with the mainland, there are more frequent geological and climate changes on the island, which may cause the rapid change of its living environment and lead to the loss of pollinators in its distribution area. Unreliable pollinator services and the cost of maintaining open flowers probably drove the completely cleistogamous
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Gastrodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species to abandon insect-mediated pollination (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination=": 270" refId="B27" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2014. Gastrodia flexistyloides (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant with complete cleistogamy from Japan. Phytotaxa 175 (5): 270, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" title="Gastrodia flexistyloides (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant with complete cleistogamy from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.5" volume="175" year="2014">Suetsugu 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.6" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination=": 265" refId="B28" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2016. Gastrodia kuroshimensis (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic and complete cleistogamous plant from Japan. Phytotaxa 278 (3): 265, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.6" title="Gastrodia kuroshimensis (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic and complete cleistogamous plant from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.6" volume="278" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
). However, complete cleistogamy has arguably driven speciation (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.18-00057" author="Kishikawa, K" journalOrPublisher="Genes &amp; Genetic Systems" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="95 - 98" refId="B17" refString="Kishikawa, K, Suetsugu, K, Kyogoku, D, Ogaki, K, Iga, D, Shutoh, K, Isagi, Y, Kaneko, S, 2019. Development of microsatellite markers for the completely cleistogamous species Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae) that are transferable to its chasmogamous sister G. nipponica. Genes &amp; Genetic Systems 94 (2): 95 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.18-00057" title="Development of microsatellite markers for the completely cleistogamous species Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae) that are transferable to its chasmogamous sister G. nipponica." url="https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.18-00057" volume="94" year="2019">Kishikawa et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.19-00025" author="Ogaki, K" journalOrPublisher="Genes &amp; Genetic Systems" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="225 - 229" refId="B23" refString="Ogaki, K, Suetsugu, K, Kishikawa, K, Kyogoku, D, Shutoh, K, Isagi, Y, Kaneko, S, 2019. New microsatellite markers recognize differences in tandem repeats among four related Gastrodia species (Orchidaceae). Genes &amp; Genetic Systems 94 (5): 225 - 229, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.19-00025" title="New microsatellite markers recognize differences in tandem repeats among four related Gastrodia species (Orchidaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.19-00025" volume="94" year="2019">Ogaki et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). We also found several other unpublished species that are different but very similar to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. bawanglingensis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bawanglingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">G. bawanglingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our field survey in Hainan Island, which also confirms the above point of view. It is also notable that although lack of rostellum often facilitates selfing in the genus (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10281" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Plants, People, Planet" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="418 - 422" refId="B31" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2022. Living in the shadows: Gastrodia orchids lack functional leaves and open flowers. Plants, People, Planet 4 (5): 418 - 422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10281" title="Living in the shadows: Gastrodia orchids lack functional leaves and open flowers." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10281" volume="4" year="2022">Suetsugu 2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18495" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="323 - 338" refId="B32" refString="Suetsugu, K, Fukushima, K, Makino, T, Ikematsu, S, Sakamoto, T, Kimura, S, 2022. Transcriptomic heterochrony and completely cleistogamous flower development in the mycoheterotrophic orchid Gastrodia. New Phytologist 237 (1): 323 - 338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18495" title="Transcriptomic heterochrony and completely cleistogamous flower development in the mycoheterotrophic orchid Gastrodia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18495" volume="237" year="2022">Suetsugu et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
), the new species has somewhat well-developed rostellum. Further observations are needed on how the species accomplishes autogamy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:start id="94FD0884B591EEF5AC4141AE326587DD">117</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D4B3D04C96D575AA5DEE801FD0E5B16C">168</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="B815A72138C6BB3B80FCDB315F25F83B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="943CA975DAAF2B109AD6D061830C385B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10150</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1993E0CFD229C227052531B40D605E59" type="HNS-PUB">2958</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="FE229106ABED63EE71695CC9EEE2F623" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3512930" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125136787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3512930" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE229106ABED63EE71695CC9EEE2F623" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE229106ABED63EE71695CC9EEE2F623" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">
<subSubSection id="E669772B2D5302B9DCB1CDAADCBC2A5A" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6EE18DF3D3E771B8ADDF2E247035124A" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName id="3065C74CE8CA9BA988953870CAEBDC91" ID-CoL="4P4F6" ID-ENA="255796" authority="(Emery 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuenckeli">
Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (
<bibRefCitation id="342F6623C38BEF9A6C60E0A0B75464AE" author="Emery, C." journalOrPublisher="Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pagination="38 - 80" part="22" refId="ref39910" refString="Emery, C. 1890. Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 22: 38 - 80." title="Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica" type="journal article" year="1890">Emery 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="193ABFE636EA9794726C5874F6590A82" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="description">
<paragraph id="42B611055FA52986898ADC1C4BEC2923" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="mainText">(Fig. 3)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6713C8A3E9BEF271F161DAE9F1988201" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F426411246C581A1A92AFCB27CA1C96E" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="mainText">
<materialsCitation id="44F3CA9B1945D7DE686B6937B7F5DBA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640678" collectionCode="MCSN" collectorName="A. Alfaro" country="Costa Rica" location="Alajuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" typeStatus="syntype">
<taxonomicName id="833E8405CE29FABBF3E6FC26E03C75F8" authority="Emery 1890: 62" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuenckeli">
Pseudomyrma kuenckeli
<bibRefCitation id="EDF54BC69B22E00AA04A1E9B2B723442" author="Emery, C." journalOrPublisher="Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pagination="38 - 80" part="22" refId="ref39910" refString="Emery, C. 1890. Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 22: 38 - 80." title="Studii sulle formiche della fauna neotropica" type="journal article" year="1890">Emery 1890:62</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="0EC2C537C8CB6CF42A8D4729F4BD0409" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">Syntype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="696AE61D5DB614EEB431D31998592AD7" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="worker">workers</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="6180DE25C56AFA462F16B124ED2798DB" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="queen">queens</specimenCount>
,
<location id="1AEA2A06D7CFFB7D9938751A3A2F5E40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE229106ABED63EE71695CC9EEE2F623:1AEA2A06D7CFFB7D9938751A3A2F5E40" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">Alajuela</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="51FD179C4E5D7CC2A5A051B719EDECDA" name="Costa Rica" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName id="B5B91E8EB44180CA9444A010D8CB515F" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">A. Alfaro</collectorName>
) (
<collectionCode id="8899F3ACF25DF3A30F07442095E36913" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale &quot;Giacomo Doria&quot;" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">MCSN</collectionCode>
) [Examined]
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54F36BFC14178C7B78C0A397631A18E8" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="mainText">
<materialsCitation id="C1F7848421FCEB575B6423D8E193CB0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640659" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="A. Forel" country="Colombia" location="Dibulla" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" typeStatus="syntype">
<taxonomicName id="A6B531367FBFE50D9368E01C76A1BB91" authority="Forel 1904: 41" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1904" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kuenckeli" variety="dichroa">
Pseudomyrma kuenckeli var. dichroa
<bibRefCitation id="F0FEAC8E1B879CD4D3BACCD18C31E00D" author="Forel, A." journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pagination="1 - 52" part="12" refId="ref40164" refString="Forel, A. 1904. Miscellanea myrmecologiques. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 12: 1 - 52." title="Miscellanea myrmecologiques" type="journal article" year="1904">Forel 1904:41</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="21D6A429A66503BB89B32E2A768ED9CE" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">Syntype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="5C473AABB0AC3D6A6071527CCF7B5CA1" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="worker">workers</specimenCount>
,
<location id="182C2956C9D12CEAE06AD5F3CBE4A854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE229106ABED63EE71695CC9EEE2F623:182C2956C9D12CEAE06AD5F3CBE4A854" country="Colombia" name="Dibulla" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">Dibulla</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="A86CDD95653FAAE2794D9B5CF5C1F30E" name="Colombia" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" value="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName id="A3B98ADD553A7B936F04A4DACA823FEC" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">A. Forel</collectorName>
) (
<collectionCode id="922C4C1268288030946C3F85CE13C436" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">AMNH</collectionCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="706CA6A220A5312B7A33933DBF484006" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640687" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. Forel" country="Colombia" location="Dibulla" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectionCode id="9571444BE57486793EBD0BAEEA8F0F62" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">BMNH</collectionCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="C7D8F8A2463EB2C46C234F8DD7FCF8D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640688" collectionCode="MCSN" collectorName="A. Forel" country="Colombia" location="Dibulla" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectionCode id="8FC86743322456959147BB04D1A8FE50" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale &quot;Giacomo Doria&quot;" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">MCSN</collectionCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="1270DFBC3D2F107382F69256FF63B5DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640667" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="A. Forel" country="Colombia" location="Dibulla" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectionCode id="0418442651868EF2722561B414BBEE58" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">MHNG</collectionCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="7DC20F79698189BC443E3F4ACE58A5D9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640694" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="A. Forel" country="Colombia" location="Dibulla" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectionCode id="C363D08E2F8F4684DA80E478BBAB9698" collectionName="Switzerland, Basel, Naturhistorisches Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">NHMB</collectionCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="47AEAED8A0EE8EFB3577D34B11EDDF21" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640686" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="A. Forel" country="Colombia" location="Dibulla" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectionCode id="7A76CDD110373CACA186FD1D857C8B1F" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">USNM</collectionCode>
) [Examined] [Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EF33D74D45A60C9D437CCDFC965215E7" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pagination="369 - 408" part="4" refId="ref40878" refString="Kempf, W. W. 1961. Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 4: 369 - 408." title="Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1961">Kempf 1961:402</bibRefCitation>
]
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E9FA41924C0BFD159819F75667F017D" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="mainText">
<materialsCitation id="A4AB9B4AB3D046214C654C107DEB9D16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640669" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="A. Bierig" country="Panama" location="Juan Diaz" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="847EAB191863499F412683D3CDC0E1C9" authority="Santschi 1932: 412" authorityName="Santschi" authorityPageNumber="412" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kuenckeli" variety="bierigi">
Pseudomyrma kuenckeli var. bierigi
<bibRefCitation id="1368CCC42E536FC8B18437240A67D564" author="Santschi, F." journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro" pagination="410 - 414" part="2" refId="ref41513" refString="Santschi, F. 1932. Quelques fourmis inedites de 1 ' Amerique centrale et Cuba. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro 2: 410 - 414." title="Quelques fourmis inedites de 1 ' Amerique centrale et Cuba" type="journal article" year="1932">Santschi 1932:412</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="746AE7313E9EF0880C544714F62D4482" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="BBF223168007890DCB4F53EC7DDDDB7A" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
,
<location id="CAEADDDE9FB1E3AF4319333C107098AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE229106ABED63EE71695CC9EEE2F623:CAEADDDE9FB1E3AF4319333C107098AD" country="Panama" name="Juan Diaz" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">Juan Diaz</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="B6F40CCFC43F00E4A58622A204E65336" name="Panama" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" value="Panama">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName id="11334EA909E9D0CE5A9C8A09C330CB43" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">A. Bierig</collectorName>
) (
<collectionCode id="E970C5193E4F8DA232E5D15737D24A55" collectionName="Switzerland, Basel, Naturhistorisches Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">NHMB</collectionCode>
) [Examined] [Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="D19EBDA16AD6DB6BBDF9DBAC3A619F0A" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pagination="369 - 408" part="4" refId="ref40878" refString="Kempf, W. W. 1961. Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 4: 369 - 408." title="Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1961">Kempf 1961:402</bibRefCitation>
]
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2ADA73E47B20C30811D53E4FACD31AFA" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="mainText">
<materialsCitation id="DF56FABDFC9A276A3D444FA905069CF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640689" country="Mexico" location="&quot;Guemavaca&quot;" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="4FDCDA7D72BE98CD97698047DB653A95" authority="Enzmann 1945: 84" authorityName="Enzmann" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1945" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulata">
Pseudomyrma crenulata
<bibRefCitation id="E35F2D77202A74276DC63AB99495A103" author="Enzmann, E. V." journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pagination="59 - 103" part="51" refId="ref39993" refString="Enzmann, E. V. 1945 (1944). Systematic notes on the genus Pseudomyrma. Psyche 51: 59 - 103." title="Systematic notes on the genus Pseudomyrma" type="journal article" year="1945">Enzmann 1945:84</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="EC82D9403CF96A37855BEE10223FC65A" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="B0655EA6F5194E7A300585EEA2FAFF3B" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
,
<normalizedToken id="E26CD635841AADBEB5B6CA69F52A4BF2" originalValue="“Guemavaca”" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">
<location id="ABEBF3E2804A225B50164964903D66BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE229106ABED63EE71695CC9EEE2F623:ABEBF3E2804A225B50164964903D66BF" country="Mexico" name="&quot; Guemavaca &quot;" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">&quot;Guemavaca&quot;</location>
</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingCountry id="2AEAEB8069D45A5D5AB34981D0FB05A2" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" value="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(not in MCZC) [Not examined;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6F88F18C500ABA7A12025DA29116C1B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416640693" country="Mexico" location="&quot;Guemavaca&quot;" pageId="42" pageNumber="158">
but other
<taxonomicName id="C7E4BEA69A82FB065F7B1D9E090FC2E2" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuenckeli">P. kuenckeli</taxonomicName>
workers in the MCZC from Cuernavaca, Mexico (Wheeler) evidently represent the source series] [Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="88208B2FADF2085761A4FAEF556DBE56" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pagination="369 - 408" part="4" refId="ref40878" refString="Kempf, W. W. 1961. Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 4: 369 - 408." title="Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1961">Kempf 1961:402</bibRefCitation>
]
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27A52AC4930923D71FC5B92D39793550" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName id="B81135148D638C228FFB5A07587DCCE7" authority="(Emery)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuenckeli">Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery)</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89A1F28430A35E50ECCFF8CDAF4B170F" author="Kusnezov, N." journalOrPublisher="Folia Univ., Cochabamba" pagination="211 - 229" part="6" refId="ref41013" refString="Kusnezov, N. 1953. La fauna mirmecologica de Bolivia. Folia Univ., Cochabamba 6: 211 - 229." title="La fauna mirmecologica de Bolivia" type="journal article" year="1953">Kusnezov 1953:214</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40B0F5696FEC87859FE113931EB6C5CF" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="A4740AC73D072FCDDA660D95D8E9C5C6" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" type="mainText">
<pageBreakToken id="9C4255C0C6262D4E36900E2CF11D64C8" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" start="start">Worker</pageBreakToken>
diagnosis. - A member of the
<taxonomicName id="6918AA9C67708A22604BB2EC5A630D46" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduus">P. viduus</taxonomicName>
group, easily recognized by the shiny broad head (Cl≈1.12), short eyes (
<collectionCode id="8E4636FB400989D98022F76201A18F3F" pageId="43" pageNumber="159">REL</collectionCode>
0.46), flattened mesosoma, blocky petiole, and abundant pilosity (Fig. 3). For further description see
<bibRefCitation id="B4B6D5876077A8AD2EE06B3A666468E0" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pagination="369 - 408" part="4" refId="ref40878" refString="Kempf, W. W. 1961. Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 4: 369 - 408." title="Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. III. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1961">Kempf (1961:402)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E993CEA5D6A1D103A60E0D9B0572951C" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5BF04D0D43D5B8A5C35BADEADA554F05" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" type="mainText">
Distribution and biology. - This is a widely distributed but generally uncommon species, found from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil.
<taxonomicName id="4FCAA08AFF6EB2A8209812D3182AD9AB" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuenckeli">P. kuenckeli</taxonomicName>
appears to have a preference for nesting in large dead branches, in somewhat open or seasonally dry forest. Its association with ant acacias is sporadic at best and based upon two records from Costa Rica:
<bibRefCitation id="6EF98041A50C17E1906EC908148E3921" author="Emery, C." journalOrPublisher="Biologisches Zentralblatt" pagination="165 - 180" part="11" refId="ref39934" refString="Emery, C. 1891. Zur Biologie der Ameisen. Biologisches Zentralblatt 11: 165 - 180." title="Zur Biologie der Ameisen" type="journal article" year="1891">Emery (1891:168)</bibRefCitation>
reported a single specimen collected by Alfaro from a swollen-thom acacia, and
<bibRefCitation id="D23CC3FA8FD46D908676E97507483A4A" author="Menozzi, C." journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pagination="336 - 345" part="16" refId="ref41092" refString="Menozzi, C. 1927 b. Formiche raccolte dal Sig. H. Schmidt nei dintomi di San Jose di Costa Rica (Schluss). Entomologische Mitteilungen 16: 336 - 345." title="Formiche raccolte dal Sig. H. Schmidt nei dintomi di San Jose di Costa Rica (Schluss)" type="journal article" year="1927">Menozzi (1927b)</bibRefCitation>
recorded a collection by H. Schmidt from
<taxonomicName id="039337787321625242D2913CD5C72FBB" authority="&quot;" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="spadicigera">
Acacia
<normalizedToken id="A9E55443AD69E43C7CA71634EE10257E" originalValue="“spadicigera”" pageId="43" pageNumber="159">&quot;spadicigera&quot;</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
(probably a misidentification of
<treatmentCitation id="4A6BA0C27A50FA5289C7712F8D2EDEB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10C4CA13-9809-CEF6-F5FF-5BC4AF20FDE1 " pageId="43" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="EAF04D4DF2280A4A78DC3023CA25F1C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="159" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="collinsii">A. collinsii</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
) near San Jose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599921" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="FE22A5B6E3C2C4E2784BB4520CA4634E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Dendrophyllia dilatata van der Horst 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName authority="van der Horst, 1927" authorityName="van der Horst" authorityYear="1927" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia dilatata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dilatata">Dendrophyllia dilatata van der Horst, 1927</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. A, B Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) diffusa A (USNM 91782, off Port St. Johns, 138 m) calicular view B (USNM 91780, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 74 m) calicular view C, D Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia Balanophyllia) sp. cf. Balanophyllia Balanophyllia malouinensis C (SAM _ H 3069, off East London, 146 - 238 m) calicular view D (SAM _ H 3068, off Mazeppa Bay, 174 m) lateral view E, F Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) stimpsonii (SAM _ H 3831, off Cape Point, 97 - 99 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Dendrophyllia arbuscula (SAMC _ A 073119, off Cape Vidal, 65 - 70 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Dendrophyllia cladonia I (SAM _ H 1445, off Plettenberg Bay, 146 m) calicular view J (SAM _ H 2833, off Gonubie, 155 m) lateral view K, L Dendrophyllia cornigera K (USNM 91827, off Durban, 232 m) calicular view L (SAM _ H 3841, off Pringle Bay, depth unknown) lateral view M, N Dendrophyllia dilatata (SAMC _ A 073016, off Richards Bay, 500 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Dendrophyllia ijimai O (USNM 91844, off Shaka's Rock, 68 - 70 m) calicular view P (SAMC _ A 090121, off Port Dunford, 85 m) lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A - I, K, M, O); 100 mm (J, L, N, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604111" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8M, N</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="van der Horst" authorityYear="1927" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia dilatata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dilatata">Dendrophyllia dilatata</taxonomicName>
van der Horst, 1927: 2-3, figs 2-4. -
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 46" refId="B341" refString="Zibrowius, H, Gili, J, 1990. Deep-Water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Namibia, South Africa, and Walvis Ridge, Southeastern Atlantic. Scientia Marina 54 (1): 19 - 46" title="Deep-Water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Namibia, South Africa, and Walvis Ridge, Southeastern Atlantic." volume="54" year="1990">Zibrowius and Gili 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 44. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 278-279
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">. -Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 89. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 75" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, S, 2001. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 615: 1 - 75" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia)." volume="615" year="2001">Cairns 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 34.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off Richards Bay, South Africa (RV 'Pieter
<normalizedToken originalValue="Faure’">Faure'</normalizedToken>
stn. 12103: ca.
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.0" value="-28.783333">28°47'00.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="00.0" value="32.333332">32°20'00.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
); 97 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B133" refString="Horst, van der C, 1927. Eupsammid corals from South Africa. Union of South Africa Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report 5 (special reports) 1, 2: 1-7." title="Eupsammid corals from South Africa. Union of South Africa Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report 5 (special reports) 1, 2: 1 - 7." year="1927">van der Horst 1927</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype is deposited at the ZMA (
<bibRefCitation author="Creuwels, J" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B64" refString="Creuwels, J, 2020. Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Cnidaria. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Occurrence dataset. https://doi.org/10.15468/v6p9ba [accessed via GBIF.org on 2020-03-31]" title="Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Cnidaria. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Occurrence dataset. https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / v 6 p 9 ba [accessed via GBIF. org on 2020 - 03 - 31]" year="2020">Creuwels 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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SAMC_A073016 (
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):
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margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="km" value="31.0">31 km</quantity>
from
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/
<locationDeviation location="Mlalazi Estuary">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" unit="km" value="46.0">46 km</quantity>
Mlalazi Estuary
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.00" value="-29.015">29°00'54.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="35.99" value="32.26">32°15'35.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mgobezeleni Estuary" elevation="100" latitude="-27.719997" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.676697" municipality="Cape Vidal" specimenCount="1">
SAMC_A073068 (
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE22A5B6E3C2C4E2784BB4520CA4634E:26BB8ACD826948574516B8C96F37EA3C" county="Mgobezeleni Estuary" latitude="-27.719997" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.676697" municipality="Cape Vidal" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" unit="km" value="47.0">47 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality>Cape Vidal</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty>Mgobezeleni Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.99" value="-27.719997">27°43'11.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.11" value="32.676697">32°40'36.11&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount type="generic">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colony unattached and arborescent, with sympodial branching formed by extra-tentacular budding. Corallum ceratoid to sub-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved. Largest specimen examined (SAMC_A073016) 105.5 mm in H, with ≤ 30 corallites. Calice elliptical (GCD:LCD = 0.9-1.2), with serrated calicular margin. Epitheca absent. Costae well developed at upper corallum, rounded, granular, non-perforate, and separated by thin, porous, intercostal striae. Corallum white.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S1-2&gt; S4&gt; S3 (48 septa). S1-2 both independent, reaching the columella with straight axial margins, which may also be finely serrated. S1 most exsert, followed by S2. S3 ~ 1/3 the width of S2. S4 slightly wider than flanked S3, arranged in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
plan: in each half-system a pair of S4 fuses before S3 with jaggedly dentate axial margins. Fossa deep, containing a large, and slightly raised spongy columella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Richards Bay towards Cape Vidal; 97-500 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
); 97-132 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="van der Horst" authorityYear="1927" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia dilatata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrophyllia dilatata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrophyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 in its growth form: i.e., large, dendroid colonies with fairly regular sympodial arranged corallites
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
). However, it can be distinguished by having four cycles of septa as compared with three (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrophyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1), a well-developed
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
plan development (poorly developed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrophyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1), lacking P2 which is present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrophyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1, and a larger columella (smaller in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Dendrophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrophyllia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendrophyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

68
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<taxonomicName authority="Cash, 1909" authorityName="Cash" authorityYear="1909" class="Oligotrichea" family="Codonellidae" genus="Difflugia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Difflugia brevicolla" order="Tintinnida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="brevicolla">Difflugia brevicolla Cash, 1909</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25295">
<taxonomicName class="Oligotrichea" family="Codonellidae" genus="Difflugia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Difflugia pyriformis var. atricolor" order="Tintinnida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="variety" species="pyriformis" variety="atricolor">Difflugia pyriformis var. atricolor</taxonomicName>
Penard, 1902
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25295">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25295">
Rhodopes Mt. (
<bibRefCitation author="Golemansky, V." editor="Beron, P." journalOrPublisher="Pensoft &amp; National Museumof Natural Histoty, Sofia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" title="Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I" year="2006">Golemansky et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
); Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="4270C02803EC31D63A27DF7ED391117D" pageId="0" pageNumber="52054">Endemic; Puerto Rico.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A64B6ECAF26CA7F1EF2D48DBFF57EC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="52054">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D3BB1E98AC3C01922FAEFC40821A003" pageId="0" pageNumber="52054">
Reported by
<bibRefCitation id="F0C35D15E17B343A754AC77E442D5E69" author="Wray, DL" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico" pageId="0" pageNumber="52054" pagination="140 - 150" refId="B5521019" refString="Wray, DL, 1953. New Collembola from Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 37 (2): 140 - 150" title="New Collembola from Puerto Rico" volume="37" year="1953">Wray 1953</bibRefCitation>
.
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