treatments-xml/data/7E/4B/20/7E4B202BFF9D1B29F942FE46DF2CD2C8.xml

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<mods:title>Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carpenter, Kenneth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming</mods:title>
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<mods:date>1982</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>1982-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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<mods:start>123</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3238510</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[1383,2393,496,2513]" box="[1697,2099,496,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
<heading box="[1697,2099,496,535]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1697,2099,496,535]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
<emphasis box="[1697,2099,496,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Aublysodon mirandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1819,1980,541,579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[1383,2393,496,2513]" box="[1819,1980,541,579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
<heading box="[1819,1980,541,579]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" reason="4">
<figureCitation box="[1819,1980,541,579]" captionStart="Figures" captionStartId="5.[360,464,2753,2783]" captionTargetBox="[314,2381,278,2695]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-11. Fig. 1, Dromaeosauridae, tooth, UCM 39502. Fig. 2a-h, Sauromithoides inequalis: 20,, buccal view of hatchling left dentary, UCM 41666; c, lingual view; e, dorsal view; b, buccal view of left dentary, NMC 8540 (cast); d, lingual view; f, dorsal view; g, lateral view of hatchling basioccipital, UCM 43218; and h, ventral view. Fig. 3a-c, teeth of Pectinodon bakkeri: a, holotype, UCM 38445; b, paratype, UCM 38446; and c, paratype, UCMP 73098. Fig. 4, Pararıychodon lacustris, tooth, UCMP 124990. Fig. 5a, b, Tyrannosauridae: a as lateral view of UCMP 119853; and b, posterior view. Fig. 6, Theropoda, tooth, UCMP 124987. Fig. 7a, b, tooth of Aublysodon mirandus: a! lateral view of UCMP 124406; and b, posterior view. Fig. 8, Thescelosaurus sp., tooth, UCMP 124973. Fig. 9, Hadrosauridae, tooth, UCM 45060. Fig. 10, Ceratopsidae, tooth, UCM 45057. Fig. 11, Ankylosaurus magniventris, tooth, UCMP 124399. Heavy bars to left of specimens = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3238512/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
Fig. 7 
<emphasis box="[1926,1946,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1960,1980,543,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">b</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[1383,2393,496,2513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis box="[1483,1637,602,633]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Material</emphasis>
: Teeth: 
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<collectionCode box="[1795,1894,605,635]" collectionName="USA, Colorado, Boulder, University of Colorado Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCM</collectionCode>
43447 (UCMP-V5711) H 
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, 
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W 
<quantity box="[1558,1696,648,678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362331" collectingCountry="United States" collectingCounty="Niobrara" collectingRegion="Wyoming" collectionCode="UCMP" formation="Lance Formation" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V73091&amp;one=T" location="Dwarf Lighthouse" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 73091">
<collectionCode box="[1727,1853,650,680]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
73091 (UCMP-V5622) H 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
, 
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W 
<quantity box="[1546,1679,693,724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362337" collectingCountry="United States" collectingCounty="Garfield" collectingRegion="Montana" collectionCode="UCMP" formation="Hell Creek formation" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V124367&amp;one=T" location="Trumbo Basin" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 124367">
<collectionCode box="[1705,1831,695,726]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
124367 (UCMP-V75165) H 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
, W 
<quantity box="[1560,1665,739,769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362316" collectingCountry="United States" collectingCounty="Niobrara" collectingRegion="Wyoming" collectionCode="UCMP" formation="Lance Formation" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V124399&amp;one=T" location="Lull 2" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 124399">
<collectionCode box="[1699,1824,740,771]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
124399 (UCMP-V5620) H 
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, 
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W 
<quantity box="[1545,1678,784,815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
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</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362310" collectionCode="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 124406">
<collectionCode box="[1705,1831,786,816]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
124406 (UCMP-V73087) H 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
, W 
<quantity box="[1562,1669,830,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362343" collectingCountry="United States" collectingCounty="Garfield" collectingRegion="Montana" collectionCode="UCMP" formation="Hell Creek formation" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V124978&amp;one=T" location="Flat Creek 5" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 124978">
<collectionCode box="[1704,1830,832,862]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
124978 (UCMP-V73087) H 
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, 
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W 
<quantity box="[1544,1677,875,906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362305" collectingCountry="United States" collectingCounty="Garfield" collectingRegion="Montana" collectionCode="UCMP" formation="Hell Creek formation" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V124980&amp;one=T" location="Flat Creek 5" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 124980">
<collectionCode box="[1703,1829,877,907]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
124980 (UCMP-V73087) H 
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, 
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W 
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</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362344" collectingCountry="United States" collectingCounty="Garfield" collectingRegion="Montana" collectionCode="UCMP" formation="Hell Creek formation" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V124981&amp;one=T" location="Flat Creek 5" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 124981">
<collectionCode box="[1721,1847,923,953]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
124981 (UCMP-V73087) H 
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, 
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W 
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</materialsCitation>
; and 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362329" collectingCountry="United States" collectingCounty="Garfield" collectingRegion="Montana" collectionCode="UCMP" formation="Hell Creek formation" httpUri="https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&amp;query_src=ucmp_index&amp;table=ucmp2&amp;spec_id=V124982&amp;one=T" location="Flat Creek 5" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCMP 124982">
<collectionCode box="[1773,1898,969,999]" collectionName="UCMP" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCMP</collectionCode>
124982 (UCMP-V73087) H 
<quantity box="[1396,1497,1012,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
, 
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W 
<quantity box="[1582,1717,1013,1043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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. W measurements taken transversely across face of tooth near base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[1383,2393,496,2513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis box="[1476,1667,1104,1135]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Discussion</emphasis>
: Leidy (1868) established 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
Aublysodon 
<emphasis box="[1395,1563,1149,1180]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">mirandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of three incisiform teeth, D-shaped in cross section, which were collected from the Judith River Formation of Montana by Hayden. Subsequent workers, notably 
<bibRefCitation author="Cope, E. D." box="[1984,2215,1292,1331]" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Proceedings" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="340 - 359" part="28" refId="ref8936" refString="Cope, E. D., 1876, On some extinct reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Proceedings, v. 28, p. 340 - 359." title="On some extinct reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana" type="journal article" year="1876">Cope (1876)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, L. M." journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian Paleontology" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="25 - 81" part="3" refId="ref9809" refString="Lambe, L. M., 1902, New genera and species from the Belly River Series (Mid-Cretaceous): Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, v. 3, p. 25 - 81" title="New genera and species from the Belly River Series (Mid-Cretaceous)" type="journal article" year="1902">Lambe (1902)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H. F." box="[1598,1853,1334,1373]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref10292" refString="Osborn, H. F., 1905, Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs: American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, v. 21, p. 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1905">Osborn (1905)</bibRefCitation>
, noted a similarity of two of the serrated teeth with the premaxillary teeth of 
<taxonomicName box="[1390,1567,1423,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1390,1567,1423,1454]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Deinodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<emphasis box="[1641,1910,1425,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
), and therefore treated 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1389,1608,1469,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName box="[2056,2232,1476,1507]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[2056,2232,1476,1507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Deinodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, L. M." journalOrPublisher="Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian Paleontology" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="25 - 81" part="3" refId="ref9809" refString="Lambe, L. M., 1902, New genera and species from the Belly River Series (Mid-Cretaceous): Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, v. 3, p. 25 - 81" title="New genera and species from the Belly River Series (Mid-Cretaceous)" type="journal article" year="1902">Lambe (1902)</bibRefCitation>
, however, was uncertain of the third tooth, which was unserrated, and placed it tentatively with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Ornithomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Ornithomimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
altus. 
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H. F." box="[1730,1984,1608,1647]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref10292" refString="Osborn, H. F., 1905, Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs: American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, v. 21, p. 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1905">Osborn (1905)</bibRefCitation>
was less certain of its affinities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[1383,2393,496,2513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
Since Leidy’s description, numerous additional specimens of teeth, D-shaped in cross section and lacking serrations, have been collected. Study of these teeth (Carpenter, 
<emphasis box="[1613,1870,1834,1872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">in preparation</emphasis>
) indicates that 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="Leidy, 1860, Pl. 9, figs 41-45" typeStatus="Lectotype">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
Aublysodon 
<emphasis box="[1387,1555,1878,1909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">mirandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is valid in reference to Leidy’s figured specimen (
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<bibRefCitation author="Leidy, J." box="[1586,1803,1925,1962]" journalOrPublisher="American Philosophical Society, Transactions, new series" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" pagination="139 - 154" part="11" refId="ref9919" refString="Leidy, J., 1860, Extinct Vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite Formations of Nebraska: American Philosophical Society, Transactions, new series, v. 11, p. 139 - 154." title="Extinct Vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite Formations of Nebraska" type="journal article" year="1860">Leidy, 1860</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. 9, figs. 41--45
</figureCitation>
), here designated as the 
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</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[1383,2393,496,2513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
The juvenile specimens, except for one, resemble the 
<typeStatus box="[1458,1618,2059,2097]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">lectotype</typeStatus>
in their D-shaped cross section, parallel sides, and paired posterior lateral ridges that lack serrations. These lateral ridges curve toward one another near the base, but do not meet. This condition is unlike any known tyrannosaur or any theropod premaxillary tooth, in which the serrations diverge from tip to base. One tooth 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396362330" box="[1577,1790,2336,2367]" collectionCode="UCM" formation="Lance Formation" httpUri="https://fossilvertebratesandtraces.colorado.edu/index.php/Detail/vertebrate/50217/subsite/vertebrate" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" preparations="tooth" specimenCode="UCM 43447">
<collectionCode box="[1577,1676,2336,2366]" collectionName="USA, Colorado, Boulder, University of Colorado Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">UCM</collectionCode>
43447
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differs from the 
<typeStatus box="[2097,2257,2341,2380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">lectotype</typeStatus>
; it has a slight left-lateral twist of the crown, giving the tooth a spatulate appearance. In all other aspects, however, this tooth is similar to those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1880,2098,2476,2513]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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