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<mods:title id="35647C858FB7249680B3AABD1BABD91E">New Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae) of North America. Part V. Genera Pseudolycoriella Menzel &amp; Mohrig and Phytosciara Frey</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="389D656E6228D52C6EA24AA8FD79FA94" box="[151,744,1273,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="703836E56228D52C6EA24AA8FD79FA94" blockId="1.[151,744,1273,1299]" box="[151,744,1273,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
<heading id="2B7081896228D52C6EA24AA8FD79FA94" bold="true" box="[151,744,1273,1299]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" reason="1">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6EA24AA8FD79FA94" bold="true" box="[151,744,1273,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6ED84AA8FD79FA94" ID-CoL="72HT" ID-ENA="1260852" authority="Menzel &amp; Mohrig, 1998" authorityName="Menzel &amp; Mohrig" authorityYear="1998" box="[237,744,1273,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6ED84AA8FE27FA94" bold="true" box="[237,438,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6F884AA8FD79FA94" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W." box="[445,744,1273,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="351 - 378" refId="ref8641" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W. (1998) Beitrage zur Taxonomie und Faunistik der palaarktischen Trauermucken. Teil VI. - Neue Ergebnisse der aus Typenuntersuchungen und die daraus resultierenden taxonomisch-nomenklatorischen Konsequenzen. Studia dipterologica, 5 (2), 351 - 378." type="journal article" year="1998">Menzel &amp; Mohrig, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="389D656E6228D52C6EA24B10FD28FA14" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="703836E56228D52C6EA24B10FCFBFAD1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1344,1489]" box="[151,874,1344,1366]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
<typeStatus id="AF3C88476228D52C6EA24B10FF58FAD1" box="[151,201,1345,1366]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6F134B10FDC8FAD1" authority="Winnertz, 1867" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[294,601,1344,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruckii">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6F134B10FE27FAD1" box="[294,438,1344,1366]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Sciara bruckii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6F894B11FDC8FAD1" author="Winnertz, J." box="[444,601,1344,1366]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" refId="ref9674" refString="Winnertz, J. (1867) Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen. W. Braunmuller, Wien, 187 pp." type="book" year="1867">Winnertz, 1867</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6C514B11FC83FAD1" author="Winnertz, J." box="[612,786,1344,1366]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" refId="ref9674" refString="Winnertz, J. (1867) Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen. W. Braunmuller, Wien, 187 pp." type="book" year="1867">Winnertz (1867)</bibRefCitation>
: 38–39].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="703836E56228D52C6EA24B0EFD28FA14" blockId="1.[151,1436,1344,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
Literature:
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6F3E4B0EFD8AFAF2" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W." box="[267,539,1375,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="351 - 378" refId="ref8641" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W. (1998) Beitrage zur Taxonomie und Faunistik der palaarktischen Trauermucken. Teil VI. - Neue Ergebnisse der aus Typenuntersuchungen und die daraus resultierenden taxonomisch-nomenklatorischen Konsequenzen. Studia dipterologica, 5 (2), 351 - 378." type="journal article" year="1998">Menzel &amp; Mohrig (1998)</bibRefCitation>
: 367–369;
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6CA44B0EFC31FAF2" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W." box="[657,928,1375,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" refId="ref8690" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2000) Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica Supplement 6. Ampyx-Verlag, Halle (Saale), 761 pp. [1999]" type="book" year="2000">Menzel &amp; Mohrig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
: 464–480;
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6A224B0EFB25FAF2" author="Mohrig, W." box="[1047,1204,1375,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref8909" refString="Mohrig, W. (2003) Black fungus gnats of Central America. Part I. (Diptera, Sciaridae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 53 (1), 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="2003">Mohrig (2003)</bibRefCitation>
: 34–37;
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6B254B0EFE9FFA14" author="Mohrig W. &amp; Roschmann F. &amp; Rulik, B." pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="267 - 331" refId="ref9288" refString="Mohrig W., Roschmann F. &amp; Rulik, B. (2004) The fauna of sciarid flies from the Dominican Republic (Diptera, Sciaridae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 54 (2), 267 - 331." type="journal article" year="2004">
Mohrig
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6B534B31FA0DFAF2" box="[1382,1436,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
: 277–286. Mohrig
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6FFA4B2FFD92FA14" box="[463,515,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">et al.</emphasis>
(2013): 225–231.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="389D656E6228D52C6EA24BCCFDF5FA35" box="[151,612,1435,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="703836E56228D52C6EA24BCCFDF5FA35" blockId="1.[151,1436,1344,1489]" box="[151,612,1435,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
=
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6E9E4BCAFDF5FA35" bold="true" box="[171,612,1435,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6E9E4BCAFD89FA35" authority="Komarova, 2002" authorityName="Komarova" authorityYear="2002" box="[171,536,1435,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Ostroverkhovana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6E9E4BCAFECEFA35" bold="true" box="[171,351,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Ostroverkhovana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6F534BCDFD89FA35" author="Komarova, L." box="[358,536,1436,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref8502" refString="Komarova, L. (2002) New genus Ostroverkhovana gen. n. of sciarid fauna (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Altai area. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 13 (1), 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="2002">Komarova, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
syn. n.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="389D656E6228D52C6EA24BEDFBF3FA56" box="[151,1122,1467,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="703836E56228D52C6EA24BEDFBF3FA56" blockId="1.[151,1436,1344,1489]" box="[151,1122,1467,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
<typeStatus id="AF3C88476228D52C6EA24BEDFF58FA56" box="[151,201,1468,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6F134BEAFD4CFA56" authority="Komarova, 2002" authorityName="Komarova" authorityYear="2002" box="[294,733,1467,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Ostroverkhovana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6F134BEAFDBCFA56" box="[294,557,1467,1489]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Ostroverkhovana borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6C064BEDFD4CFA56" author="Komarova, L." box="[563,733,1467,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref8502" refString="Komarova, L. (2002) New genus Ostroverkhovana gen. n. of sciarid fauna (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Altai area. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 13 (1), 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="2002">Komarova, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6CDC4BEDFC35FA56" author="Komarova, L." box="[745,932,1467,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref8502" refString="Komarova, L. (2002) New genus Ostroverkhovana gen. n. of sciarid fauna (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Altai area. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 13 (1), 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="2002">Komarova (2002)</bibRefCitation>
: 27–29; figs. 1–6].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="389D656E6228D52F6EA24BACFD8DFEE2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="703836E56228D52C6EA24BACFD77F94D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1533,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6EA24BACFE89F991" bold="true" box="[151,280,1533,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Comments</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6F134BACFE2EF991" author="Heller, K." box="[294,447,1533,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="195 - 199" refId="ref8385" refString="Heller, K. (2012) A new species of the genus Pseudolycoriella (Diptera: Sciaridae) bred from an ornamental plant. Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia, 12 (2), 195 - 199." type="journal article" year="2012">Heller (2012)</bibRefCitation>
identified the
<typeStatus id="AF3C88476228D52C6C504BAFFD04F991" box="[613,661,1534,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6DBC4BACFA9EF991" authority="Komarova, 2002" authorityName="Komarova" authorityYear="2002" box="[905,1295,1533,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Ostroverkhovana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6DBC4BACFBDBF992" box="[905,1098,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Ostroverkhovana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6A674BAFFA9EF991" author="Komarova, L." box="[1106,1295,1534,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref8502" refString="Komarova, L. (2002) New genus Ostroverkhovana gen. n. of sciarid fauna (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Altai area. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 13 (1), 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="2002">Komarova, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a species of
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6E834870FEE5F9BE" authorityName="Menzel &amp; Mohrig" authorityYear="1998" box="[182,372,1569,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6E834870FEE5F9BE" box="[182,372,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, similar or identical to
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6C4A4870FA82F9BD" authority="(Mohrig &amp; Krivosheina, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Mohrig &amp; Krivosheina" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[639,1299,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodulosa">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6C4A4870FC3DF9BE" box="[639,940,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Pseudolycoriella nodulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6D8E4870FA9AF9BD" author="Mohrig, W. &amp; Krivosheina, N. &amp; Mamaev, B." box="[955,1291,1569,1594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="249 - 260" refId="ref9228" refString="Mohrig, W., Krivosheina, N. &amp; Mamaev, B. (1985) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Trauermucken (Diptera Sciaridae) der Sowejtunion. Teil VII. Neue Arten aus dem Amur-Gebiet. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 112 (2), 249 - 260." type="journal article" year="1985">Mohrig &amp; Krivosheina, 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. We did not study the
<typeStatus id="AF3C88476228D52C6F364817FEA2F9D9" box="[259,307,1606,1630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">type</typeStatus>
but we agree with
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6C3C4814FD31F9D9" author="Heller, K." box="[521,672,1605,1630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="195 - 199" refId="ref8385" refString="Heller, K. (2012) A new species of the genus Pseudolycoriella (Diptera: Sciaridae) bred from an ornamental plant. Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia, 12 (2), 195 - 199." type="journal article" year="2012">Heller (2012)</bibRefCitation>
that the species
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6D6D4814FB69F9DA" authority="Komarova" authorityName="Komarova" authorityYear="2002" box="[856,1272,1605,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Ostroverkhovana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6D6D4814FBEDF9DA" box="[856,1148,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Ostroverkhovana borealis</emphasis>
Komarova
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6EEA4838FE0DF906" authorityName="Menzel &amp; Mohrig" authorityYear="1998" box="[223,412,1641,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6EEA4838FE0DF906" box="[223,412,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we do not agree with
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6D394838FC35F905" author="Heller, K." box="[780,932,1641,1666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="195 - 199" refId="ref8385" refString="Heller, K. (2012) A new species of the genus Pseudolycoriella (Diptera: Sciaridae) bred from an ornamental plant. Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia, 12 (2), 195 - 199." type="journal article" year="2012">Heller (2012)</bibRefCitation>
that the presence of a lobe at the ventral base of the hypopygium is sufficient for the foundation of a new subgenus. Intergonocoxal structures appear in species of
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6E8048E0FEE2F94E" authorityName="Menzel &amp; Mohrig" authorityYear="1998" box="[181,371,1713,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6E8048E0FEE2F94E" box="[181,371,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as lobes with or without bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="703836E56228D52F6EF24884FD8DFEE2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1533,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6EF24884FE44F969" bold="true" box="[199,469,1749,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
The genus is characterized as follows: bristles on flagellomeres have mostly large basal pits but sometimes (only in a few species) a net-like surface structure; mouth parts are usually short, sometimes somewhat elongated (1/3 of the height of the head); palpi with three segments, basal segment slender, with more than one bristle, without a deepened area of sensillae; scutum and scutellum are mostly densely haired; wings are not reduced, except for
<emphasis id="42F3EAF76228D52C6C2C4934FD28F8FA" box="[537,697,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Psl. semialata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14164B146228D52C6CFC4934FCE4F8F9" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[713,885,1893,1918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="209 - 211" refId="ref8241" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1913) Sexual dimorphism in a species of Sciara. Entomologist`s Monthly. Magzine, 51, 209 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28913" type="journal article" year="1913">Edwards, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) and with a typical
<taxonomicName id="B7874D666228D52C6A6D4934FB51F8F9" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[1112,1216,1893,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
venation; posterior veins without macrotrichia in almost all species; c longer than w; the tibial organ of the fore tibia is variable in shape, often with a semicircular border; claws are usually toothed; gonostylus is variable in shape, always without an apical tooth; in most species with two more subapically inserted spines of different lengths (in some species with one spine only, in others with three or more spines at the apex of the gonostylus) and with one (occasionally with 2–3 or none) subapical whiplash hairs, directed towards the base of the hypopygium; whiplash hair (hairs) are as long as or longer than spines and inserted near the apex of the gonostylus (not in or below the middle like in
<taxonomicName id="B7874D66622BD52F6EA24F55FE98FE9B" box="[151,265,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF7622BD52F6EA24F55FE98FE9B" box="[151,265,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Lycoriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B7874D66622BD52F6F754F55FE3BFE9B" authorityName="Menzel" authorityYear="1995" box="[320,426,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Mohrigia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42F3EAF7622BD52F6F754F55FE3BFE9B" box="[320,426,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Mohrigia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the ventral base of the hypopygium (intergonocoxal space) is mostly without a lobe or a distinct bristle patch; tegmen is variable in shape with or without a finger or horseshoe-like inner structure; the aedeagus usually has a large furca.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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