<documentid="5D5696F3BD4CC5F391D333F6B596EA0A"ID-CLB-Dataset="34608"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057"ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3493113-35ec-4c31-b7cc-b32cd9c717e2"ID-PMC="PMC4319052"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-478-45"ID-PubMed="25685010"ID-ZooBank="EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789"ModsDocAuthor=""ModsDocDate="2015"ModsDocID="1313-2970-478-45"ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 478"ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)"checkinTime="1451244725713"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Molineri, Carlos, Salles, Frederico F. & Peters, Janice G."docDate="2015"docId="DD5536A1652B39C0A84467AF36AE7332"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 478: 45-128"docOrigin="ZooKeys 478"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057"docTitle="Asthenopodes Molineri, Salles & Peters, 2015, stat. n."docType="treatment"docVersion="6"lastPageNumber="71"masterDocId="FFBFFF8FFFA98B3E3C274356FFB0EE6C"masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)"masterLastPageNumber="128"masterPageNumber="45"pageNumber="69"updateTime="1732718156974"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="66A03EECA3510AF20085039F4E09FB63">Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="5C89E9E069FC0C9BB9E866A04BDA6933"author="Ulmer, G"journalOrPublisher="Konowia"pageId="54"pageNumber="99"pagination="23 - 37"title="Einige alte und neue Ephemeropteren."volume="3"year="1924">Ulmer 1924</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="9981A890E617B3AD6A98B91EAA9DCE8A"author="Traver, JR"journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia"pageId="54"pageNumber="99"pagination="593 - 614"title="Notes on Neotropical Mayflies. Part IV. Family Ephemeridae (continued)."volume="21"year="1950">Traver 1950</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="0266CEB75B76A1AD309A1BF1200E82C8"author="Traver, JR"journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo"pageId="54"pageNumber="99"pagination="1 - 10"title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)."volume="4"year="1956">Traver 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="29AFCCC603165D593B6CC83007D9FC2F"author="Hubbard, MD"journalOrPublisher="The Florida Entomologist"pageId="52"pageNumber="97"pagination="111 - 112"title="The genus Asthenopodes Ulmer and its type species (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcidae)."url="10.2307/3493392"volume="58"year="1975">Hubbard 1975</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="BF037DCA39485BBE63B6A050700CD9AA"author="Hubbard, MD"journalOrPublisher="The Florida Entomologist"pageId="52"pageNumber="97"pagination="207 - 210"title="Synonymy of the neotropical mayfly genera Asthenopus and Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Asthenopodinae)."url="10.2307/3495369"volume="71"year="1988">
<bibRefCitationid="BBF62F0B10656B556E479996ABA6C25A"author="Dominguez, E"journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso"pageId="51"pageNumber="96"pagination="21 - 26"title="Asthenopusgilliesi sp. n. y su importancia en la taxonomia de la subfamilia Asthenopodinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)."volume="19"year="1988">
); and 3) pedestal relatively large, elongated, narrow at the base (Fig. 12). The following combination of characters representing the entire range of variation of the three included species, is useful to distinguish
: 1) ratio length male FW/foreleg = 1.0-1.6; 2) tarsal segment 1 indistinct (fused to tibia), tibia distally subequal in width to base of tarsal segment 2 (Figs 20
); 3) pronotum width/length ratio: 1.2-1.9 (male), 1.5-2.3 (female); 4) in both sexes FW marginal intercalary veins relatively long and anastomosed (from 9 to 22 in male FW, Fig. 11); 5) in both sexes FW with 3-6 (most commonly 4, but variable depending in size of specimen) crossveins between R and M, basally to R fork; 6) FW vein IMP slightly longer than MP1, both frequently free at base but may be joined to one another and to MP2 by crossveins (Fig. 11); 7) median remnant of styliger plate present in
; pedestals relatively large and thinner at the base; 8) forceps relatively slender, ratio length/basal-width = 4.7-9.5; 9) penes variable in form but curved medially rather than ventrally, basal thumb well separated from penial lobe, penial lobe apically acute (Fig. 12); 10) female abdominal sternum VIII with anteromedian paired sockets reduced in size (Fig. 13D); 11) eggs (Fig. 13
) with relatively small polar caps subequal to much thinner than egg, formed by 5-16 threads, chorion covered with medium-sized circular plates, surrounded by many smaller plates; 12) nymphal head dorsally strongly convex on occiput, frons not projecting medially (Figs 9
), without large submedian inner tubercle, with 2 or 3-pointed apex (asymmetric); 14) nymphal foretarsal claw with 2 rows of marginal denticles, a long row of 15 denticle and one shorter row of 12 denticles (Fig. 10B); 15) apex of femur dorsally with ca. 30 strong and rounded spines (Fig. 10D).
); longest segment is tarsal segment 2 or tibia (variable), ratio length tarsal segment 2/tibia = 0.6-1.5; tarsal segments long decreasing in length from 2>3>4>5; claws different in size, one long the other short, strongly widened distally (Fig. 13
). Wings (Fig. 11). FW with 9-22 marginal intercalaries along hind margin, also present along entire hind margin of HW; these intercalaries present numerous connections with other cross and longitudinal veins (i.e., very anastomosed); 3-6 crossveins between R and M sectors basally to R fork; Rs stem length/Rs from fork to margin = 0.2-0.4; ratio MA from fork to margin/stem length = 9-15; IMP fused basally to MP1 or free; MP2 fused to IMP. Genitalia (Fig. 12): median remnant of styliger plate with posterolateral corners roundly projecting, pedestal long to very long; forceps relatively long and slender, ratio length/basal-width = 4.7-6.7. Terminal filament reduced, cerci long (ratio length FW/cercus = 0.32-0.44).
<paragraphid="7DAF7CD52B0CFD68A19376D4A174D9B8"pageId="24"pageNumber="69">Female length (mm): body, 7.2-19.0; FW, 12.2-22.5; HW, 5.3-11.5; cerci 1.2-4.0. Thorax. Pronotum width/length = 1.5-2.3. Wings with crossveins and intercalaries more numerous than in male. Abdominal sternum VIII (Fig. 13D) with reduced paired anteromedian sockets, sockets small, shallow and contiguous located at the base of a blunt subquadrate projection. Terminal filament reduced, shorter than tergum VIII, with few thin annuli; cercus very short, 0.1-0.2 times the length of FW.</paragraph>
. Oval (ratio maximum length / maximum width = 1.3-1.7), with two relatively small polar caps on apices (ratio maximum with of egg/maximum width of uncoiled polar cap = 1.2-3.1), each formed by 5-16 long coiled filaments. Chorionic surface with fine granulated aspect or regularly spaced plates.
). Head capsule dorsally projecting at bases of antennae. Frontal ridge marked only by a dense transversal row of setae; frons not projecting medially; clypeus and labrum membranous and small, labrum densely covered with long setae on dorsum. Mandibular tusks very short and robust, the part visible in dorsal view ca. 1/3 the length of head capsule; left tusk (Fig. 9
) apically with 3 teeth, the median reduced in length, and the innermost is strongly widened appearing as a ridge with two points (Fig. 9F); right tusk (Fig. 9
in Fig. 9G) that forms an additional articulation between mandible and head capsule; tusk densely covered with long setae, except at apex. Body of mandible: molae strongly protruded medially, canines present but small, margin between them sharp-edged (acutely protruding in right mandible); with basal U-row of long filtering setae in both mandibles. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior ring (collar) subequal in length to posterior ring (length taken at the medio-longitudinal line), anterolateral corners projecting, spine-like, posterior ring with dense patches of short setae medially (Figs 4F, 9B). Legs (Fig. 10
). Leg I (Fig. 10A): femora robust, relatively slender, with a U-shaped ventro-basal row of long filtering setae, distal points of the U almost touching each other; tibio-tarsus (fused) with 2 U-rows of filtering setae: 1 on anterior face (each branch well separated in the base) and 1 on inner margin, with the branches
each other, apex of tibio-tarsus relatively pointed; tarsal claw with 2 rows of marginal denticles (Fig. 10B). Leg II (Fig. 10C): smaller, with thinner femora, with scattered long setae basally and a row of long and short setae along outer margin; tibia and tarsi with row of long setae on outer (dorsal) margin, ventrally with many stout spines on apical half, anterior face of tibia with a distal row of thick setae (at base of tarsus) and with a crown of thick setae at apex; tarsal claw weaker, without denticles. Leg III (Fig. 10D): intermediate in size, outer margin of femur with row of short setae, longer at apex, distal corner of femur densely covered with thick, blunt setae; inner margin of femur, tibia and tarsus densely covered with short setae; margin between tibia and tarsus with row of thick setae; outer margin of tibia and tarsus with row of long pectinated setae. Coxae I and II directed ventrally, coxa III directed postero-laterally. Abdomen. Sternite I longer than the others and partially fused with metasternum. Gill I reduced in size, whitish, single and lanceolate. Gills
well developed, ventral portion smaller than dorsal portion. Tergum X without posterolateral spine (Fig. 10E). Cerci slightly shorter than terminal filament, with long setae at joinings, basal 1/4 with thick blunt setae ventraly (Fig. 10F).
in F. Abbreviations: mp = median plate of stryliger; pe = pedestal; s9 = ninth sternum; see Appendix 2 for explanation of measures (letters a to g, and z).
<bibRefCitationid="69DB9A0B0F37241DF0DBD4807FF3DB43"author="Hubbard, MD"journalOrPublisher="The Florida Entomologist"pageId="52"pageNumber="97"pagination="207 - 210"title="Synonymy of the neotropical mayfly genera Asthenopus and Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Asthenopodinae)."url="10.2307/3495369"volume="71"year="1988">
<bibRefCitationid="D0AF3C7395DAA38A905A78BC95C9587D"author="Hubbard, MD"journalOrPublisher="The Florida Entomologist"pageId="52"pageNumber="97"pagination="207 - 210"title="Synonymy of the neotropical mayfly genera Asthenopus and Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Asthenopodinae)."url="10.2307/3495369"volume="71"year="1988">
from South America where indistinguishable and could be classified in a single genus. As the knowledge of this group had largely improved in last years we are proposing here a new rearrengement of supraspecific taxa.
<bibRefCitationid="2FD84F8CD86417D674FB2B25745B506C"author="Dominguez, E"journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso"pageId="51"pageNumber="96"pagination="21 - 26"title="Asthenopusgilliesi sp. n. y su importancia en la taxonomia de la subfamilia Asthenopodinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)."volume="19"year="1988">
) are: 1) ratio foreleg/forewing of male: 7/8; 2) male foretarsus 3.5 times longer than foretibia; 3) foretarsal segment 2 very long (almost as long as tarsal segments 3 and 4 combined, and 1.5 times the length of tibia); 4) Rs fork base to margin: 2.5/10; 5) cubital intercalaries parallel, ICu2 arising basally from ICu1, or basally free but connected to ICu1 and CuP by cross veins, 6) ICu2 ending at hind margin, 7) long marginal intercalary veins present; 8) forceps ratio width/length: 1/10; 9) penes thin from the base; 10) MA fork base to margin 7/100; 11)
<bibRefCitationid="7E07519A86D998A0065BDD652CA155EA"author="Dominguez, E"journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso"pageId="51"pageNumber="96"pagination="21 - 26"title="Asthenopusgilliesi sp. n. y su importancia en la taxonomia de la subfamilia Asthenopodinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)."volume="19"year="1988">
<bibRefCitationid="0E86841C7D00EE93BC12CE95A4F6D50B"author="Hubbard, MD"journalOrPublisher="The Florida Entomologist"pageId="52"pageNumber="97"pagination="207 - 210"title="Synonymy of the neotropical mayfly genera Asthenopus and Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Asthenopodinae)."url="10.2307/3495369"volume="71"year="1988">
) forms with other two new species, but also on the fact that the nymph shows characters considered important at the generic level in the family, mainly the shape of nymphal mandibular tusks, legs and gill I.
<subSubSectionid="EB39E7064DECF803D327F2D6C9D322EB"lastPageId="27"lastPageNumber="72"pageId="26"pageNumber="71"type="key to the species of asthenopodes">
