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<document id="C7E0B1BF7638A616D8B43A1B0DF1B405" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186069" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99d44e7b-46c3-47a2-9695-3ea43c4186a0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186069" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460068170820" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maddison, Wayne P." docDate="2009" docId="335D87D75E081F11FF115818266EAF0D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02021p022.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2021" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cocalodinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="CF64FFAF5E091F13FF865E182756AA37" masterDocTitle="New cocalodine jumping spiders from Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Salticidae: Cocalodinae)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698234705597" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FEBFAF85F30B1F93CC2B361BBCE51A90">New cocalodine jumping spiders from Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Salticidae: Cocalodinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C9105EE41449D62FBBABEA62A583E9C">Maddison, Wayne P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CEB6E790883DB602D6B72547C07ECCCB">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="335D87D75E081F11FF115818266EAF0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6226943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124874387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6226943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:335D87D75E081F11FF115818266EAF0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/335D87D75E081F11FF115818266EAF0D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="F3EE654A5E081F11FF115818265EAB7B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BB4B36C15E081F12FF1158182547AC2D" blockId="1.[151,529,1536,1562]" box="[151,529,1536,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="E00381AD5E081F12FF1158182547AC2D" bold="true" box="[151,529,1536,1562]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E081F12FF1158182547AC2D" bold="true" box="[151,529,1536,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E081F12FE99581826ECAC2D" box="[287,442,1536,1562]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cocalodinae">Cocalodinae</taxonomicName>
Simon
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4B36C15E081F11FF115852265EAB7B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1610,2023]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1338]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
A median apophysis on the male palpus is a striking rarity in salticid spiders. When present, it is a sclerite just clockwise from the base of the embolus (in a left palp, ventral view), surrounded by hematodocha, and at least partially surrounded by the tegulum (
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FDC9588025A1AC85" author="Wanless" box="[591,759,1688,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Wanless, F. R. (1982). A revision of the spider genus Cocalodes with a description of a new related genus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 42, 263 - 298." type="journal article" year="1982">Wanless 1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FC8358802415AC85" author="Wanless" box="[773,835,1688,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Wanless F. R. (1985) A revision of the spider genera Holcolaetis and Sonoita (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 48, 249 - 278." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
; Maddison 2006;
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E081F12FB9E58802325AC85" box="[1048,1139,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,273,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,185,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1424,185,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 30. Yamangalea frewana, new species. 20 – 21 Holotype male. 22 Female from Mt. Gahavisuka, pale colour form. 23 Female from Paiam Forest, typical colour form. 24 – 30 Specimens from type locality, Paiam Forest. 24 – 26 Palp of holotype male (24 ventral view, 25 retrolateral view, 26 same view as Fig. 24, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma). The embolus arises on the prolateral side, goes dorsally into the cymbium then ends (e') near the conductor). 27 – 28 Female carapace. 29 Epigynum, ventral view. 30 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on carapace." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186074/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E081F12FB06588023F6AC85" box="[1152,1184,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 61" captionStartId="13.[151,272,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,197,1778]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 61. Tabuina rufa, new species. 51 – 52 Paratype male. 53 – 54 Paratype female. 55 – 57 Palp of holotype male (55 ventral view, 56 retrolateral view, 57 same view as Fig. 55, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma )). 58 – 59 Female carapace. 60 Epigynum, ventral view. 61 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on carapace." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186077/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E081F12FB2B58802398AC85" box="[1197,1230,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 86" captionStartId="18.[151,271,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[199,1385,207,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1396,197,1807]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 86. Cucudeta species. 72 – 78 C. zabkai, new species. 72 – 73 Palp of holotype male (72 ventral view, 73 retrolateral view). 74 Metatarsus and tarsus of first leg, female. 75 – 76 female carapace. 77 Epigynum, ventral view. 78 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 79 – 82 C. uzet, new species. 79 – 80 Palp of holotype male (79 ventral view, 80 retrolateral view). 81 Epigynum, ventral view. 82 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 83 – 86 C. gahavisuka, new species. 83 – 84 Palp of holotype male (83 ventral view, 84 retrolateral view). Figure 85 Epigynum, ventral view. 86 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia and first leg, 1 mm on carapace." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186080/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">73</figureCitation>
). The sperm duct typically approaches it before turning counter-clockwise into the embolus.
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FBBA58A623AAACEF" author="Wanless" box="[1084,1276,1726,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Wanless, F. R. (1982). A revision of the spider genus Cocalodes with a description of a new related genus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 42, 263 - 298." type="journal article" year="1982">Wanless (1982)</bibRefCitation>
assumed the median apophysis was derived within salticids and thus was evidence that
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E081F12FB8058FD23D4ACC9" box="[1030,1154,1765,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E081F12FB8058FD23D4ACC9" box="[1030,1154,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cocalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E081F12FB1758FD2261ACC9" box="[1169,1335,1765,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Allococalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E081F12FB1758FD2261ACC9" box="[1169,1335,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Allococalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the African
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E081F12FF7D5914268BAD12" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" box="[251,477,1803,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Holcolaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E081F12FF7D591426D0AD12" box="[251,390,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holcolaetis</emphasis>
Simon
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E081F12FD9F591424C0AD12" authority="Peckham and Peckham" authorityName="Peckham and Peckham" box="[537,918,1803,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sonoita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E081F12FD9F59142523AD12" box="[537,629,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sonoita</emphasis>
Peckham and Peckham
</taxonomicName>
form a monophyletic group. However, the median apophysis is probably ancestral for salticids, based on its widespread presence throughout araneomorph spiders (
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FE1859412525AD44" author="Coddington" box="[414,627,1881,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Coddington, J. A. (1990) Ontogeny and homology in the male palpus of orb-weaving spiders and their relatives, with comments on phylogeny (Araneoclada: Araneoidea, Deinopoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 496, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1990">Coddington 1990</bibRefCitation>
), in particular among families related to salticids (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FB7859412665ADAD" author="Bosselaers" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Bosselaers, J. &amp; Jocque, R. (2002) Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta, 31, 241 - 270." type="journal article" year="2002">Bosselaers &amp; Jocqué 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FEB9599826BBADAD" author="Ramirez" box="[319,493,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Ramirez, M. J. (2003) The spider subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): a phylogenetic revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2003">Ramírez 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FE7C599825D6ADAD" author="Silva" box="[506,640,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Silva, D. (2003) Higher-level relationships of the spider family Ctenidae (Araneae: Ctenoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 274, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="2003">Silva 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FD0B599824C6ADAD" author="Benjamin" box="[653,912,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Benjamin, S. P., Dimitrov, D., Gillespie, R. G. &amp; Hormiga, G. (2008) Family ties: molecular phylogeny of crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae). Cladistics, 24, 708 - 722." type="journal article" year="2008">
Benjamin
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E081F12FC8C59982411ADAE" box="[778,839,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
), and based on its distribution among basal salticids in recent molecular phylogenies (
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FD0059BE248CADF7" author="Maddison" box="[646,986,1958,1984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Maddison, W. P. &amp; Needham, K. (2006) Lapsiines and hisponines as phylogenetically basal salticid spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa, 1255, 37 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">Maddison &amp; Needham 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E081F12FC6059BE23B0ADF7" author="Maddison" box="[998,1254,1958,1984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" refString="Maddison, W. P., Bodner, M. R. &amp; Zhang, J. X. (2007) A basal phylogenetic placement for the salticid spider Eupoa, with descriptions of two new species (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa, 1432, 23 - 33." type="journal article" year="2007">
Maddison
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E081F12FBE559BF23C8ADF7" box="[1123,1182,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). If so, then the presence of a median apophysis does not indicate to what clade a salticid belongs, but rather to what clades it doesn't belong — a salticid with a median apophysis is a member of neither the Salticoida nor the
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FA8A5E8022CEAA85" box="[1292,1432,152,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spartaeinae">Spartaeinae</taxonomicName>
, both of which have lost it. [The sclerite reported as a &quot;median apophysis&quot; from the salticoid
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB585EA72221AAEF" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" box="[1246,1399,190,216]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Tarne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FB585EA72249AAEF" box="[1246,1311,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tarne</emphasis>
Simon
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E0B1F11FF115EFD269BAAC8" author="Szuts" box="[151,461,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Szuts, T. &amp; Rollard, C. (2007) Redescription of the genus Tarne Simon, 1886 (Araneae: Salticidae). Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 38, 427 - 432." type="journal article" year="2007">Szûts and Rollard (2007)</bibRefCitation>
is almost certainly not homologous to that in basal salticids:
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FB425EFD2258AAC9" box="[1220,1294,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tarne'</emphasis>
s sclerite is counterclockwise from the base of the embolus in the left palp ventral view, and is not cradled by the tegulum.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3EE654A5E0B1F11FF435F41266EAF0D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="BB4B36C15E0B1F11FF435F4126EDA92B" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E0B1F11FF435F4126D0AB44" author="Wanless" box="[197,390,345,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Wanless F. R. (1985) A revision of the spider genera Holcolaetis and Sonoita (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 48, 249 - 278." type="journal article" year="1985">Wanless (1985)</bibRefCitation>
later preferred the hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FCB95F412498AB45" box="[831,974,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Holcolaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FCB95F412498AB45" box="[831,974,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holcolaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB8A5F41233DAB45" box="[1036,1131,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sonoita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FB8A5F41233DAB45" box="[1036,1131,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sonoita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed a clade with the spartaeines to the exclusion of
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FD8E5F9825D3ABAE" box="[520,645,384,409]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FD8E5F9825D3ABAE" box="[520,645,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cocalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The placement of
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FCEB5F9824BCABAE" box="[877,1002,384,409]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FCEB5F9824BCABAE" box="[877,1002,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cocalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore unresolved.
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E0B1F11FA975F9827B3ABF7" author="Wunderlich" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2004) Fossil spiders in amber and copal. Conclusions, revisions, new taxa and family diagnoses of fossil and extant taxa. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 3, 1 - 1908." type="journal article" year="2004">Wunderlich (2004)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized the
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FE3D5FBE2512ABF7" box="[443,580,422,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spartaeinae">Spartaeinae</taxonomicName>
with the
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FD345FBE241EABF7" box="[690,840,422,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cocalodinae">Cocalodinae</taxonomicName>
, choosing Simon's family-group name Cocalodeae because of priority over Wanless's name
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FDF25FD52457ABD0" box="[628,769,461,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spartaeinae">Spartaeinae</taxonomicName>
. I reject this synonymy primarily because
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB765FD5223AABD1" box="[1264,1388,461,486]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FB765FD5223AABD1" box="[1264,1388,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cocalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be excluded from the
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FE3E5FEC2507A839" box="[440,593,500,526]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spartaeinae">Spartaeinae</taxonomicName>
in Wanless's strict sense (1984) because it lacks two spartaeine synapomorphies, a tegular furrow and loss of the median apophysis. Even if these cocalodines and the spartaeines were found to be sister groups, we could still retain them as separate, as I do here. Wunderlich's broad sense of
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FECA5C7026B2A8B5" box="[332,484,616,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cocalodinae">Cocalodinae</taxonomicName>
, which includes the Baltic Amber salticids, is united as far as we know only by plesiomorphic character states (presence of conductor and median apophysis, many retromarginal cheliceral teeth, large posterior median eyes). Here I take a much more restricted concept of the
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB005CAD224AA8F8" box="[1158,1308,693,719]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cocalodinae">Cocalodinae</taxonomicName>
, to include only the five genera discussed below. The Baltic Amber salticids, other than the hisponines, are therefore
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FF115D1A265DA92B" box="[151,267,770,796]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Salticidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FE945D1A26E2A92C" box="[274,436,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">incertae sedis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4B36C15E0B1F11FF435D3125CDA980" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
I will not here attempt to resolve the placement of cocalodines in the phylogeny of the
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB325D31227DA974" box="[1204,1323,809,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Salticidae</taxonomicName>
, as I have found no morphological synapomorphies that link it with particular subgroups of salticids. Some of the cocalodines I describe here resemble spartaeines closely in habitus, but this observation is insufficiently precise to provide evidence for relationship.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4B36C15E0B1F11FF435DDC266EAF0D" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
However, the three new genera described here are provisionally placed within the
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB005DDC224FA9E9" box="[1158,1305,964,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cocalodinae">Cocalodinae</taxonomicName>
along with
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FF115DF22645AE34" box="[151,275,1002,1027]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FF115DF22645AE34" box="[151,275,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cocalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FECD5DF226A7AE34" box="[331,497,1002,1027]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Allococalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FECD5DF226A7AE34" box="[331,497,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Allococalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This group has one proposed synapomorphy, the internal sclerotized spheres of the epigynum first reported by Wanless in
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FD2E5A09247FAE1D" box="[680,809,1041,1066]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FD2E5A09247FAE1D" box="[680,809,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cocalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These are, however, also present in at least a few salticoids (see e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E0B1F11FE025A20257FAE65" author="Galiano" box="[388,553,1080,1106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Galiano, M. E. (1963) Las especies americanas de aranas de la familia Salticidae descriptas por Eugene Simon: Redescripciones basadas en los ejemplares tipicos. Physis, Buenos Aires, 23, 273 - 470." type="journal article" year="1963">Galiano 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DF654B305E0B1F11FDB15A202521AE65" author="Galiano" box="[567,631,1080,1106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" refString="Galiano, M. E. (1970) Revision del genero Tullgrenella Mello-Leitao, 1941 (Araneae, Salticidae). Physis, Buenos Aires, 29, 336 - 339." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FD025A202371AE65" authority="Tullgren" authorityName="Tullgren" box="[644,1063,1080,1106]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Tullgrenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morenensis">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FD025A2024F2AE66" box="[644,932,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tullgrenella morenensis</emphasis>
(Tullgren)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FBE55A2022CFAE65" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" box="[1123,1433,1080,1106]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Chira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gounellei">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FBE55A202277AE66" box="[1123,1313,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Chira gounellei</emphasis>
(Simon))
</taxonomicName>
. These spheres are visible clearly in the new species
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FD795A47239BAE4F" box="[767,1229,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FD795A4724AFAE4F" box="[767,1017,1119,1144]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Yamangalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewana">Yamangalea frewana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB835A47239BAE4F" box="[1029,1229,1119,1144]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Tabuina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varirata">Tabuina varirata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FB5A5A4722C2AE4F" box="[1244,1428,1119,1144]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Tabuina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FB5A5A4722C2AE4F" box="[1244,1428,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tabuina baiteta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FF115A9D2678AEA9" box="[151,302,1157,1182]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Tabuina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FF115A9D2678AEA9" box="[151,302,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tabuina rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FEEB5A9D2567AEA9" box="[365,561,1157,1182]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cucudeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zabkai">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FEEB5A9D2567AEA9" box="[365,561,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cucudeta zabkai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E0B1F11FDC75A9D25CAAEA8" box="[577,668,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,273,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,185,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1424,185,1816]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 30. Yamangalea frewana, new species. 20 – 21 Holotype male. 22 Female from Mt. Gahavisuka, pale colour form. 23 Female from Paiam Forest, typical colour form. 24 – 30 Specimens from type locality, Paiam Forest. 24 – 26 Palp of holotype male (24 ventral view, 25 retrolateral view, 26 same view as Fig. 24, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma). The embolus arises on the prolateral side, goes dorsally into the cymbium then ends (e') near the conductor). 27 – 28 Female carapace. 29 Epigynum, ventral view. 30 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on carapace." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186074/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E0B1F11FD2E5A9D25A2AEA8" box="[680,756,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,270,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[176,1403,187,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[173,1417,175,1725]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 50. Tabuina varirata and T. baiteta, new species. 37 – 43 Tabuina varirata. 37 – 39 Palp of holotype male (37 ventral view, 38 retrolateral view, 39 same view as Fig. 37, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma). Star marks position of tip of embolus, cradled within conductor). 40 – 41 Female carapace. 42 Epigynum, ventral view. 43 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view, with arrow showing sclerotized sphere. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on carapace. 44 – 50 Tabuina baiteta. 44 – 47 Palp of holotype male (44 prolateral view, 45 ventral view, 46 retrolateral view, 47 same view as Fig. 45, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma). Star marks position of tip of embolus, cradled within conductor. 48 Male in alcohol. 49 Epigynum, ventral view. 50 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on body of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186076/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">43, 50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E0B1F11FD795A9D2448AEA8" box="[767,798,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 61" captionStartId="13.[151,272,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,197,1778]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 61. Tabuina rufa, new species. 51 – 52 Paratype male. 53 – 54 Paratype female. 55 – 57 Palp of holotype male (55 ventral view, 56 retrolateral view, 57 same view as Fig. 55, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma )). 58 – 59 Female carapace. 60 Epigynum, ventral view. 61 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on carapace." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186077/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E0B1F11FCAD5A9D241AAEA8" box="[811,844,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 86" captionStartId="18.[151,271,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[199,1385,207,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1396,197,1807]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 86. Cucudeta species. 72 – 78 C. zabkai, new species. 72 – 73 Palp of holotype male (72 ventral view, 73 retrolateral view). 74 Metatarsus and tarsus of first leg, female. 75 – 76 female carapace. 77 Epigynum, ventral view. 78 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 79 – 82 C. uzet, new species. 79 – 80 Palp of holotype male (79 ventral view, 80 retrolateral view). 81 Epigynum, ventral view. 82 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 83 – 86 C. gahavisuka, new species. 83 – 84 Palp of holotype male (83 ventral view, 84 retrolateral view). Figure 85 Epigynum, ventral view. 86 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia and first leg, 1 mm on carapace." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186080/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">78</figureCitation>
; see arrow in
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E0B1F11FC6B5A9D2315AEA8" box="[1005,1091,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 50" captionStartId="11.[151,270,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[176,1403,187,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[173,1417,175,1725]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 50. Tabuina varirata and T. baiteta, new species. 37 – 43 Tabuina varirata. 37 – 39 Palp of holotype male (37 ventral view, 38 retrolateral view, 39 same view as Fig. 37, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma). Star marks position of tip of embolus, cradled within conductor). 40 – 41 Female carapace. 42 Epigynum, ventral view. 43 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view, with arrow showing sclerotized sphere. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on carapace. 44 – 50 Tabuina baiteta. 44 – 47 Palp of holotype male (44 prolateral view, 45 ventral view, 46 retrolateral view, 47 same view as Fig. 45, diagrammed to show embolus (e), conductor (c) and median apophysis (ma). Star marks position of tip of embolus, cradled within conductor. 48 Male in alcohol. 49 Epigynum, ventral view. 50 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia, 1 mm on body of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186076/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
), but were not seen in
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FACD5A9D22CAAEA9" box="[1355,1436,1157,1182]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cucudeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uzet">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FACD5A9D22CAAEA9" box="[1355,1436,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. uzet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FF4F5AB42624AEF2" box="[201,370,1196,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cucudeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gahavisuka">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FF4F5AB42624AEF2" box="[201,370,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. gahavisuka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E0B1F11FE045AB4255EAEF1" box="[386,520,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 86" captionStartId="18.[151,271,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[199,1385,207,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1396,197,1807]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 86. Cucudeta species. 72 – 78 C. zabkai, new species. 72 – 73 Palp of holotype male (72 ventral view, 73 retrolateral view). 74 Metatarsus and tarsus of first leg, female. 75 – 76 female carapace. 77 Epigynum, ventral view. 78 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 79 – 82 C. uzet, new species. 79 – 80 Palp of holotype male (79 ventral view, 80 retrolateral view). 81 Epigynum, ventral view. 82 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 83 – 86 C. gahavisuka, new species. 83 – 84 Palp of holotype male (83 ventral view, 84 retrolateral view). Figure 85 Epigynum, ventral view. 86 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm on genitalia and first leg, 1 mm on carapace." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186080/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 82, 86</figureCitation>
) and are ambiguous in
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FC995AB42367AEF2" box="[799,1073,1196,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Allococalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madidus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FC995AB42367AEF2" box="[799,1073,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Allococalodes madidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="23CF2A445E0B1F11FBC75AB423CEAEF1" box="[1089,1176,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="6.[151,272,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,519,1298]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[155,1432,507,1330]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Allococalodes madidus, new species. 16 Palp of holotype male, ventral view. 17 Palp of holotype male, retrolateral view. 18 Epigynum, ventral view. 19 Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186073/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Additional evidence for the monophyly of the cocalodines comes from preliminary data from the 28S gene, by which
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FA9E5ACB22C2AEDB" box="[1304,1428,1235,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FA9E5ACB22C2AEDB" box="[1304,1428,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cocalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7CF44D425E0B1F11FF115AE1266BAF25" box="[151,317,1273,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Allococalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8980EAD35E0B1F11FF115AE1266BAF25" box="[151,317,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Allococalodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the three genera described here are resolved as a monophyletic group (Maddison &amp; Zhang unpublished).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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