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<mods:title>The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria &amp; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="647L8" ID-ENA="887757" LSID="CFDC4CA4-6305-585D-B03A-734DEB80F6B2" authority="H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck, 1968" authorityName="H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Venustoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venustoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Venustoraphidia H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
, 1968
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Venustoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venustoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Venustoraphidia</taxonomicName>
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
, 1968 (odescr) (described as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidia</taxonomicName>
L.) [type species by original designation: 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Albarda" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia nigricollis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">Raphidia nigricollis</taxonomicName>
Albarda, 1891]: H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
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(mon); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="67 - 111" refId="B43" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1989. The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 15: 67 - 111" title="The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis." volume="15" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr, distr, ill: distrmap); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B150" refString="Oswald, JD, Penny, ND, 1991. Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 147: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" title="Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" volume="147" year="1991">Oswald and Penny 1991</bibRefCitation>
(cat, nom); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 606" refId="B47" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, Aspoeck, U, 2001. Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis. Denisia 02: 1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="02" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
(anncat); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Sziraki, G" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6 - 9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2)" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="35 - 50" refId="B13" refString="Aspoeck, H, 2002. The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge. In: Sziraki, G, Ed., Neuropterology 2000. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6-9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48(Suppl. 2): 35 - 50" title="The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge." volumeTitle="Neuropterology 2000." year="2002">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
(biol, paras); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
(phyl); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="101 - 260" refId="B14" refString="Aspoeck, H, 2012. Ulrike Aspoeck zum 70. Geburtstag: Ein wissenschaftshistorischer Blumenstrauss. Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 19: 101 - 260" title="Ulrike Aspoeck zum 70. Geburtstag: Ein wissenschaftshistorischer Blumenstrauss." volume="19" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
(cat); 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 155" refId="B32" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2013. Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 9 - 155" title="Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera)." volume="20" year="2013">
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
(cat, etymol), 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
(cat); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.061" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="291 - 304" refId="B127" refString="Monserrat, VJ, Papenberg, D, 2012. Revision del genero Venustoraphidia Aspoeck &amp; Aspoeck, 1968 de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Raphidioptera). Graellsia 68 (2): 291 - 304, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.061" title="Revision del genero Venustoraphidia Aspoeck &amp; Aspoeck, 1968 de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.061" volume="68" year="2012">Monserrat and Papenberg 2012</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B128" refString="Monserrat, VJ, Papenberg, D, 2015. Los Rafidiopteros de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Graellsia 71(1): e024. https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" title="Los Rafidiopteros de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Graellsia 71 (1): e 024." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
(mon).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="taxonomy and systematics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Taxonomy and systematics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. (1991)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.061" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="291 - 304" refId="B127" refString="Monserrat, VJ, Papenberg, D, 2012. Revision del genero Venustoraphidia Aspoeck &amp; Aspoeck, 1968 de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Raphidioptera). Graellsia 68 (2): 291 - 304, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.061" title="Revision del genero Venustoraphidia Aspoeck &amp; Aspoeck, 1968 de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.061" volume="68" year="2012">Monserrat and Papenberg (2012</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B128" refString="Monserrat, VJ, Papenberg, D, 2015. Los Rafidiopteros de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Graellsia 71(1): e024. https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" title="Los Rafidiopteros de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Graellsia 71 (1): e 024." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
). The genus is markedly differentiated by morphological characters of adults and larvae and also by molecular phylogeny. It has emerged as the sister group of (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Puncha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Puncha" order="Neuropteroidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Puncha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rausch, Aspock &amp; Aspock" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Calabroraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calabroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Calabroraphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) + 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Xanthostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Xanthostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Venustoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venustoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Venustoraphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
geographically vicariant species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Larvae corticolous on a great variety of deciduous and coniferous trees. Development usually two years. Last hibernation stage: full-grown larva. Adults: (EIV)V-VI(BVII).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Apennine Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula, northern part of Iberian Peninsula, Central and Eastern Europe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>