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<mods:title id="7D2F9CD6A18EA89B8CEBFF2A31F33199">Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the scleractinian coral family Euphylliidae</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19819FF980F8A4411FC06FCF2" ID-CoL="84MMS" ID-ENA="541205" authority="Matthai, 1928" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[676,929,817,844]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209819FF980F8A4411FC06FCF2" bold="true" box="[676,929,817,844]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="D3C207209819FF980F8A4411FCA5FCF5" bold="true" box="[676,770,817,844]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ctenella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39819FF980E294411FC06FCF2" author="Matthai, G." box="[775,929,817,843]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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Type species: 
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<emphasis id="D3C207209819FF980E6A4475FC5CFCD6" box="[836,1019,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ctenella chagius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39819FF98092B4475FB38FCC9" author="Matthai, G." box="[1029,1183,853,880]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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: bmnh 1928.3.1.61; 
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: bmnh 
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60, bmnh 1928.4.18.591; type locality: Chagos.
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<collectingRegion id="237215D09819FF980F8A44C6FD77FBB9" box="[676,720,998,1024]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Not</collectingRegion>
: 
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<emphasis id="D3C207209819FF980FF244C5FC91FC46" box="[732,822,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ctenella</emphasis>
C. Carré &amp; D. Carré, 1993
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(phylum 
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), junior homonym; invalid name.
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<emphasis id="D3C207209819FF980F8A4355FC23FB36" box="[676,900,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Original description</emphasis>
: ‘Encrusting, massive or explanate, light. Growth-size small. Base of attachment broad or pedunculate. Valley sinuous, continuous or discontinuous at places, up to 
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. in width, depth up to 
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. Colline swollen to varying extent (up to 
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.) by endothecal deposition, ridged or with rounded edge. Septa in 
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. up to 20, of which up to 8 meeting columella, with margins vertical (sometimes curving to right or left) and entire, sides granular or spinulose, those of opposite sides of colline either alternating or continuous over colline. Columella lamellar, comparatively thin but solid, usually continuous (occasionally discontinuous) along middle of valley, and with sharp somewhat wavy ridge above. 
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<emphasis id="D3C207209819FF980EE24193FB81F974" box="[972,1062,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ctenella</emphasis>
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has some resemblance to 
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<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970C39478CFED7FF7C" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1825" box="[279,368,172,197]" class="Anthozoa" family="Merulinidae" genus="Pectinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pectinia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
since the septa have vertical 
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970D9347F0FF5BFF50" box="[189,252,208,233]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">entire</emphasis>
margins and granular or spinulose sides, and since the columella is lamellar, comparatively thin but solid, usually continuous along the middle of the valley with a sharp wavy ridge above. But in 
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<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970C5A467FFE69FEC0" box="[372,462,351,377]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
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each septum does not appear to be composed of a pair of lamellae, as is often the case in 
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970CF84688FD94FE78" box="[470,563,424,449]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970CF84688FD88FE78" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1825" box="[470,559,424,449]" class="Anthozoa" family="Merulinidae" genus="Pectinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pectinia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the valleys do not attain to the same width, colline is never grooved, and the corallum is not massive or heavy’ (
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970C1D4532FE5EFD94" author="Matthai, G." box="[307,505,530,557]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928: 171</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970DAF4517FF4AFDE9" box="[129,237,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Colonial. Budding intracalicular and extracalicular. Corallites monomorphic and uni- or multi serial. Fused walls. Calice of width medium (
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) and relief medium (
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). Septa in Ẑ 4 cycles (Ẑ 48 septa). Free septa regular. Septal spacing medium (6–11 septa per 
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). Costosepta equal in relative thickness. Columellae lamellar, with size small relative to calice width (&lt;1/4), with linkage continuous. Paliform lobes absent. Endotheca abundant (vesicular). Polyp tentacles partially/fully extended at daytime, of shape simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329816FF970DAF432AFF3EFBFE" blockId="24.[98,610,171,1742]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970DAF432AFE92FB9A" box="[129,309,1033,1060]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Species included</emphasis>
: 
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<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970C6A4329FE5DFB9A" box="[324,506,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella chagius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970F2C4329FF32FBFE" author="Matthai, G." pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329816FF970DAF4372FC49FDE8" blockId="24.[98,610,171,1742]" lastBlockId="24.[645,1158,171,1131]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970DAF4372FEFAFBD2" box="[129,349,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
: 
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established 
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<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970D984355FEB7FB36" box="[182,272,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include two species, 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970F624355FF10FB0A" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chagius">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970F624355FF10FB0A" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">C. chagius</emphasis>
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and 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970C2A43B9FDF8FB0A" authority="Matthai (1928)" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[260,607,1177,1203]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970C2A43B9FE3AFB0A" box="[260,413,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella laxa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970C8043B9FDF8FB0A" author="Matthai, G." box="[430,607,1177,1203]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai (1928)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. To date, the latter species is considered as a taxon 
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970DE743C0FEFFFB43" box="[201,344,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">inquirendum</emphasis>
(Hoeksema &amp; Cairns, 2023). On the basis of meandroid colony and lamellar columella, 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970CA24208FE41FAFB" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[396,486,1320,1346]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970CA24208FE41FAFB" box="[396,486,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been historically considered a member of either 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970D4C4250FEA6FA33" baseAuthorityName="Veron" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[98,257,1392,1418]" class="Anthozoa" family="Meandrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Meandrinidae</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970C1B4250FE1DFA33" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[309,442,1392,1418]" class="Anthozoa" family="Eusmiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Eusmiliidae</taxonomicName>
(junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970D9042B4FEF8FA16" baseAuthorityName="Veron" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[190,351,1428,1455]" class="Anthozoa" family="Meandrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Meandrinidae</taxonomicName>
) (see table 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970CD142B4FEAFFA6B" author="Vaughan, T. W. &amp; Wells, J. W." pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref27247" refString="Vaughan, T. W. &amp; Wells, J. W. (1943) Revision of the suborders, families and genera of the Scleractinia. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 44, 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1943">Vaughan &amp; Wells, 1943</bibRefCitation>
; Alloiteau, 1952; 
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970CF44298FDFAFA6A" author="Wells, J. W." box="[474,605,1464,1491]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="444" refId="ref27787" refString="Wells, J. W. (1956) Scleractinia. In: R. C. Moore (Ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part F: Coelenterata, pp. F 328 - F 444. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wells, 1956</bibRefCitation>
; Chevalier &amp; Beauvais, 1987; 
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970CBF42FCFDBEFA4F" author="Veron, J. E. N." box="[401,537,1500,1526]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
).With sequences from mitochondrial markers coi and cytB, Fukami et al. (2008) showed that 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970D4C4168FF73F9DB" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[98,212,1608,1634]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chagius">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970D4C4168FF73F9DB" box="[98,212,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">C. chagius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belonged to clade 
<collectionCode id="87A743F79816FF970C804168FE19F9DB" box="[430,446,1608,1634]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970CE84168FDA4F9D8" box="[454,515,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">sensu</emphasis>
Fukami et al. (2008). Following the molecular phylogenetic tree of Fukami et al. (2008), Budd et al. (2012) assigned all members of clade 
<collectionCode id="87A743F79816FF970F234194FDBAF977" box="[525,541,1716,1742]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970F0A4194FDC6F974" box="[548,609,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">sensu</emphasis>
Fukami et al. (2008), thus including 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF97090B478BFBD8FF7C" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[1061,1151,171,197]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF97090B478BFBD8FF7C" box="[1061,1151,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970F8E47EFFC97FF50" authorityName="Veron" authorityYear="2002" box="[672,816,207,233]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Euphylliidae</taxonomicName>
.Although 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970E8A47EFFC59FF50" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[932,1022,207,233]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970E8A47EFFC59FF50" box="[932,1022,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not collected for this study, we included this taxon in both molecular and morphological phylogeny reconstructions by using the coi sequence of 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970FAB467FFD5FFEC0" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[645,760,351,377]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chagius">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970FAB467FFD5FFEC0" box="[645,760,351,377]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">C. chagius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
published by Fukami et al. (2008) (accession number AB441208) and investigating macromorphology of the 
<typeStatus id="3E0D65909816FF970ED14687FBC4FE78" box="[1023,1123,423,449]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970FAB46EBFD5EFE5D" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[645,761,458,485]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chagius">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970FAB46EBFD5EFE5D" box="[645,761,458,485]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">C. chagius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(bmnh 1928.3.1.61) and the polyp structure. Both analyses corroborated 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF97090546CEFB22FDB1" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[1067,1157,494,520]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF97090546CEFB22FDB1" box="[1067,1157,494,520]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a member of 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970E1D4532FC67FD95" authorityName="Veron" authorityYear="2002" box="[819,960,530,556]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Euphylliidae</taxonomicName>
and showed a sister relationship with 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970E5E4516FC40FDE9" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[880,999,566,592]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970E5E4516FC40FDE9" box="[880,999,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329816FF970F8A457AFCD4FC62" blockId="24.[645,1158,171,1131]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970F8A457AFBBCFDCD" box="[676,1051,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">
Morphological remarks: 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970EEF457AFBBCFDCD" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[961,1051,602,628]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Ctenella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
displays 15 out of the 18 investigated macromorphological characters identical to 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970EC44582FBC6FD05" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[1002,1121,674,700]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970EC44582FBC6FD05" box="[1002,1121,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of which one shared character, i.e., uni-or multi serial corallites, is unique within the family. Nevertheless, a lamellar columella, with continuous linkage, unambiguously tells apart 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970FAB4475FD78FCD6" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[645,735,853,879]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970FAB4475FD78FCD6" box="[645,735,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970E0B4475FC3BFCD6" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[805,924,853,879]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970E0B4475FC3BFCD6" box="[805,924,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it has narrower valleys. No micromorphological/microstructural characters have been investigated for 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970FAB44E1FD78FC62" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[645,735,961,987]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970FAB44E1FD78FC62" box="[645,735,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329816FF970F8A44C5FB84FBD2" blockId="24.[645,1158,171,1131]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="D3C207209816FF970F8A44C5FC33FC46" box="[676,916,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">
Distribution: 
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19816FF970E1444C5FC33FC46" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[826,916,997,1023]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Ctenella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is restricted to the reefs of Chagos Archipelago and 
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29816FF9709394329FB22FB9A" box="[1047,1157,1033,1059]" name="Mauritius" pageId="24" pageNumber="154">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970FA3430DFCB1FBFE" author="Rosen, B. R." box="[653,790,1069,1095]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="67 - 88" refId="ref26092" refString="Rosen, B. R. (1971) Annotated check list and bibliography of corals of the Chagos Archipelago (including recent collections from Diego Garcia) with remarks on their distribution. Atoll Res. Bull., 149, 67 - 88." type="journal article" year="1971">Rosen, 1971</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970E07430DFB8DFBFE" author="Sheppard, C. R. C. &amp; Dinesen, Z. D. &amp; Drew, E. A." box="[809,1066,1069,1095]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="905 - 918" refId="ref26540" refString="Sheppard, C. R. C., Dinesen, Z. D. &amp; Drew, E. A. (1983) Taxonomy, ecology and physiology of the geographically restricted scleractinian species Ctenella chagius Matthai. Bull. Mar. Sci., 33, 905 - 918." type="journal article" year="1983">Sheppard et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970913430DFD18FBD2" author="Veron, J. E. N." pageId="24" pageNumber="154" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970FE74371FC21FBD2" author="Pillay, R. M. &amp; Terashima, H. &amp; Vebkatasami, A. &amp; Uchida, H." box="[713,902,1105,1131]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" refId="ref25219" refString="Pillay, R. M., Terashima, H., Vebkatasami, A. &amp; Uchida, H. (2002) Field guide to corals of Mauritius. Albion Fisheries Research Centre, Mauritius." type="book" year="2002">Pillay et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39816FF970EA14371FBBFFBD2" author="Obura, D." box="[911,1048,1105,1131]" pageId="24" pageNumber="154" pagination="45013" refId="ref24917" refString="Obura, D. (2012) The diversity and biogeography of Western Indian Ocean reef-building corals. PLoS One, 7, e 45013." type="journal article" year="2012">Obura, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>