treatments-xml/data/03/DA/07/03DA0723650B2875D1A0FF4DFF488AD2.xml

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<mods:title id="3549314D62F6A1C15A6A9A6594629518">The genus Cerithidea Swainson, 1840 (Gastropoda: Potamididae) in the Indo-West Pacific region</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D1A0FF4DFD1D8EA4" ID-CoL="69LDL" authority="A. Adams, 1855" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,674,151,178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FF4DFD1D8EA4" bold="true" box="[151,674,151,178]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FF4DFE698EA7" bold="true" box="[151,470,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithidea rhizophorarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D0EBFF42FD1D8EA4" author="Adams" box="[476,674,152,178]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adams, A. (1855) A monograph of Cerithidea, a genus of Mollusca, with descriptions of several new species, from the collection of High Cuming, Esq,: to which are added, descriptions of two new species of Colina, and one of Donax. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, 83 - 87. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1854. tb 07236. x" type="proceedings paper" year="1855">A. Adams, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1348AAB0650B2877D1A9FF60FEA78EC5" box="[158,280,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Distribution of Cerithidea tonkiniana (squares). B. Distribution of C. rhizophorarum (triangles) and of C. moerchii (circles). Solid symbols, specimens examined; open symbols, literature records: A, Thach (2007); B, Ma (2004); C, Noseworthy et al. (2007); D, Lee &amp; Chao (2004); E, Hong et al. (2010); F, Springsteen &amp; Leobrera (1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846385/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figures 14</figureCitation>
B, 15A–I)
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<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FED8FE1B8F0E" box="[151,420,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithidea rhizophorarum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D09BFED9FDC28F0E" author="Adams" box="[428,637,258,280]" page="85" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1855">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D09BFED9FDE58F0E" author="Adams" box="[428,602,258,280]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adams, A. (1855) A monograph of Cerithidea, a genus of Mollusca, with descriptions of several new species, from the collection of High Cuming, Esq,: to which are added, descriptions of two new species of Colina, and one of Donax. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, 83 - 87. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1854. tb 07236. x" type="proceedings paper" year="1855">A. Adams, 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 85
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–86
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(
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Cagayan, province of Misamis, Mindanao [Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D1F0FEFBFE808F21" box="[199,319,289,311]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
]; 3 
<typeStatus id="54C80897650B2877D054FEF8FE038F21" box="[355,444,290,311]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED622EF0650B2877D0F4FEF8FD9C8F21" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[451,547,290,311]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1996432/4–6, 
<figureCitation id="1348AAB0650B2877D38AFEFBFCA58F21" box="[701,794,289,311]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A – I" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[245,1337,193,1671]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 15. A – I, Cerithidea rhizophorarum. J – AA, C. moerchii. A, C. rhizophorarum A. Adams, 1855, syntype, Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, Philippines (NHMUK 1996432 / 4). B, no locality (NHMUK 1996432 / 7; not a syntype of C. rhizophorarum). C – H, Guijulngan, Negros Oriental, Philippines (USNM 232846; E – H views of same specimen). I, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines (USNM 243643). J, Tai Mei Tuk, Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130263). K – N, Shiu Hau, Tong Fuk Min Wan, Lantau I., Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130264); L, M views of same specimen). O, P, Yoshida R., Oiehama, Kasaoka City, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130265). Q, Kushida R., Matsunase, Mie Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130266). R, Yonekura, Kiire-nukumi-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130267). S, Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130268). T, Hikawa R., Kumamoto Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130269). U, Cerithium moerchii A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1855, syntype, no locality (NHMUK 20060321). V, Funaura Bay, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is, Japan (NHMUK 20130270). W – Y, Ura, Tatsugou-cho, Amami Is, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130271; X, Y views of same specimen). Z, AA, Tamshui R., Bali, Taiwan (NHMUK 20070387)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846387/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
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,
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seen; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D256FEFBFB8D8F21" author="Higo" box="[865,1074,289,311]" page="29" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D256FEFBFBB38F21" author="Higo" box="[865,1036,289,311]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Higo, S., Callomon, P. &amp; Goto, Y. (2001) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda. Bivalvia. Polyplacophora. Scaphopoda. Type Figures. Elle Scientific Publications, Osaka, 208 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Higo 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D2ACFEF8FC708F21" box="[923,975,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
, fig.). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D541FEFBFAAD8F21" author="Sowerby" box="[1142,1298,289,311]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Sowerby, G. B. II (1866) Monograph of the genus Cerithidea. In: Reeve, L. A. (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica. Vol. 15. L. A. Reeve, London, pls 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1866">Sowerby, 1866</bibRefCitation>
: sp. 13, pl. 2, fig. 13a, b (as 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D06FFE9AFE5C8F40" box="[344,483,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rhizoperarum</emphasis>
; as 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D33BFE9AFD278F40" box="[524,664,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rhizoporarum</emphasis>
in text of pl. 3 and index). 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D299FE9AFB5E8F40" author="Tapparone-Canefri" box="[942,1249,320,342]" page="142" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D299FE9AFB0F8F40" author="Tapparone-Canefri" box="[942,1200,320,342]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Tapparone-Canefri, C. (1874) Zoologia del viaggio intorno al globo della R. Fregata Magenta. Malacologia. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Ser. 2, 28, 109 - 265." type="journal article" year="1874">Tapparone-Canefri, 1874</bibRefCitation>
: 142
</treatmentCitation>
–143, pl. 1, fig. 14 (as 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1DCFE84FEC08F62" box="[235,383,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rhizosperarum</emphasis>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D0A3FE84FD998F62" author="Hidalgo" box="[404,550,350,372]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Hidalgo, J. G. (1904 - 1905) Catalogo de los moluscos testaceos de las Islas Filipinas, Jolo y Marianas. I. - Moluscos marinos. Gaceta de Madrid, Madrid, xvi + 408 pp." type="book" year="1904">
Hidalgo, 
<date id="FFCD90F5650B2877D0C5FE84FD998F62" box="[498,550,350,372]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1904" valueMax="1905">1904</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1905: 203–204. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D3E1FE84FB8B8F62" author="Dautzenberg" box="[726,1076,350,372]" page="134" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D3E1FE84FBBB8F62" author="Dautzenberg" box="[726,1028,350,372]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dautzenberg, P. &amp; Fischer, H. (1905) Liste des mollusques recoltes par M. le Capitaine de Fregate Blaise au Tonkin, et description d'especes nouvelles. Journal de Conchyliologie, 53, 85 - 234." type="journal article" year="1905">Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer, 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 134
</treatmentCitation>
–135 (in part, includes 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D429FE85FA2B8F62" ID-CoL="SYKV" box="[1310,1428,350,372]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D429FE85FA2B8F62" box="[1310,1428,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1D3FEA7FECF8F85" box="[228,368,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rhizoporarum</emphasis>
). 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D0B0FEA7FD558F85" author="Springsteen" box="[391,746,381,403]" page="64" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D0B0FEA7FD7B8F85" author="Springsteen" box="[391,708,381,403]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Springsteen, F. J. &amp; Leobrera, F. M. (1986) Shells of the Philippines. Carfel Seashell Museum, Manila, 377 pp." type="book" year="1986">Springsteen &amp; Leobrera, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 64
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 14, fig. 15. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D2A3FEA7FBCF8F85" author="Higo" box="[916,1136,381,403]" page="29" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D2A3FEA7FBF68F85" author="Higo" box="[916,1097,381,403]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Higo, S., Callomon, P. &amp; Goto, Y. (2001) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda. Bivalvia. Polyplacophora. Scaphopoda. Type Figures. Elle Scientific Publications, Osaka, 208 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Higo 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D2F8FEA4FBBB8F85" box="[975,1028,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001
</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D590FEA7FAE68F85" author="Reid" box="[1191,1369,381,403]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Reid, D. G., Claremont, M., Smith, L., Shamoto, M., Glaubrecht, M. &amp; Ozawa, T. (2013) Mosaics in the mangroves: allopatric diversification of tree-climbing mudwhelks (Gastropoda: Potamididae: Cerithidea) in the Indo-West Pacific. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 564 - 580." type="journal article" year="2013">
Reid 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D5E8FEA4FAB18F85" box="[1247,1294,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2 (map).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63911B650B2877D1A0FE60FC898FC6" box="[151,822,442,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D1A0FE60FE228FC6" box="[151,413,442,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerithiidae" genus="Cerithium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FE60FE228FC6" box="[151,413,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithium rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D080FE60FD3C8FC6" author="Sowerby" box="[439,643,442,464]" page="886" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1855">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D080FE60FDEE8FC6" author="Sowerby" box="[439,593,442,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Sowerby, G. B. II (1855) Monograph of the genus Cerithium, Adanson. In: Sowerby, G. B. II. (Ed.), Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or Figures and Descriptions of Recent Shells. Vol. 2. part 16. Sowerby, London, pp. 847 - 899." type="book chapter" year="1855">Sowerby, 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 886
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 186, fig. 273.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D1A0FE03FD988FF9" box="[151,551,473,495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Potamides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum" subGenus="Cerithidea">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FE03FD988FF9" box="[151,551,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Potamides (Cerithidea) rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D376FE00FD4B8FF9" author="Tryon" box="[577,756,473,495]" page="162" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D376FE00FD7E8FF9" author="Tryon" box="[577,705,473,495]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Tryon, G. W. (1887) Manual of Conchology. Vol. 9. Tryon, Philadelphia, 488 pp." type="book" year="1887">Tryon, 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 162
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 33, fig. 67 (in part, includes 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D57DFE00FB178FF9" box="[1098,1192,474,495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerithiidae" genus="Cerithium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quoyii">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D57DFE00FB178FF9" box="[1098,1192,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. quoyii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D5E4FE03FAE08FF9" box="[1235,1375,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rhizoporarum</emphasis>
). von 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D1F0FE23FE248C18" author="Martens" box="[199,411,504,526]" page="189" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D1F0FE23FED78C18" author="Martens" box="[199,360,504,526]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Martens, E. von (1897 a) Suss- und Brackwasser-Mollusken des Indischen Archipels. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, Vol. 4. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 331." type="book" year="1897" yearSuffix="a">Martens, 1897a</bibRefCitation>
: 189
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1A0FDCCFABA8C3A" blockId="49.[151,1436,258,710]" box="[151,1285,534,556]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63911B650B2877D1A0FDCCFABA8C3A" box="[151,1285,534,556]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D1A0FDCCFD9F8C3A" box="[151,544,534,556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerithiidae" genus="Cerithium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum" subGenus="Cerithidea">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FDCCFD9F8C3A" box="[151,544,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithium (Cerithidea) rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D30DFDCCFD508C3A" author="Kobelt" box="[570,751,534,556]" page="53" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1890">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D30DFDCCFD728C3A" author="Kobelt" box="[570,717,534,556]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Kobelt, W. (1890 b) Eine neue Cerithidea. Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 1890, 60 - 61." type="journal article" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">Kobelt, 1890a</bibRefCitation>
: 53
</treatmentCitation>
–54, pl. 11, figs 3, 4 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D2F1FDCCFB468C3A" author="Cecalupo" box="[966,1273,534,556]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Cecalupo, A. (2005) Elenco della famiglia Cerithiidae Ferussac, 1822 (Prosobranchia). Nomenclatura delle specie conosciute o poco note e relativa revisione sistematica. Fossili e Attuali. Vol. I. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 26, 1 - 366." type="journal article" year="2005">Cecalupo 2005: pl. 31, fig. 13</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1A0FDEFFD908C7C" blockId="49.[151,1436,258,710]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63911B650B2877D1A0FDEFFD908C7C" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D1A0FDEFFD958C5D" ID-CoL="69LDL" box="[151,554,565,587]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum" subGenus="Cerithidea">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FDEFFD958C5D" box="[151,554,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithidea (Cerithidea) rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D373FDEFFCA38C5D" author="Cecalupo" box="[580,796,565,587]" page="316" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D373FDEFFD578C5D" author="Cecalupo" box="[580,744,565,587]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Cecalupo, A. (2005) Elenco della famiglia Cerithiidae Ferussac, 1822 (Prosobranchia). Nomenclatura delle specie conosciute o poco note e relativa revisione sistematica. Fossili e Attuali. Vol. I. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 26, 1 - 366." type="journal article" year="2005">Cecalupo, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 316
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 31, fig. 3. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D28EFDEFFB2D8C5D" author="Cecalupo" box="[953,1170,565,587]" page="136" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D28EFDEFFBE18C5D" author="Cecalupo" box="[953,1118,565,587]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Cecalupo, A. (2006) Elenco della famiglia Cerithiidae Ferussac, 1822 (Prosobranchia). Nomenclatura delle specie conosciute o poco note e relativa revisione sistematica. Attuali. Vol. II. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 27, 1 - 373." type="journal article" year="2006">Cecalupo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 136
</treatmentCitation>
, 234 (in part, includes 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D4B3FDECFE9A8C7C" ID-CoL="SYKF" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="decollata">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D4B3FDECFE9A8C7C" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. decollata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D005FD8EFE178C7C" ID-CoL="SYKV" box="[306,424,596,618]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D005FD8EFE178C7C" box="[306,424,596,618]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D082FD8EFD9F8C7C" ID-CoL="SYLL" box="[437,544,596,618]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="weyersi">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D082FD8EFD9F8C7C" box="[437,544,596,618]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. weyersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1A0FDA8FEB48CB1" blockId="49.[151,1436,258,710]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63911B650B2877D1A0FDA8FEB48CB1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D1A0FDA8FD268C9E" authority="Kobelt, 1893: 152" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,665,626,648]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerithiidae" genus="Cerithium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freytagi" subGenus="Cerithidea">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FDA8FE688C9E" box="[151,471,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithium (Cerithidea) freytagi</emphasis>
Kobelt, 1893: 152
</taxonomicName>
–154, pl. 29, figs 1, 2 (
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D2B4FDA8FC458C9E" box="[899,1018,626,648]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
; 
<typeStatus id="54C80897650B2877D532FDA9FB858C9E" box="[1029,1082,627,648]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">types</typeStatus>
not found; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D585FDA8FAF08C9E" author="Cecalupo" box="[1202,1359,626,648]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Cecalupo, A. (2005) Elenco della famiglia Cerithiidae Ferussac, 1822 (Prosobranchia). Nomenclatura delle specie conosciute o poco note e relativa revisione sistematica. Fossili e Attuali. Vol. I. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 26, 1 - 366." type="journal article" year="2005">Cecalupo 2005</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 31, fig. 3).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1A0FD6AFAF88CD0" blockId="49.[151,1436,258,710]" box="[151,1351,688,710]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63911B650B2877D1A0FD6AFAF88CD0" box="[151,1351,688,710]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D1A0FD6AFD9D8CD0" ID-CoL="69LDL" box="[151,546,688,710]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FD6AFE1D8CD0" box="[151,418,688,710]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithidea rhizophorarum</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D0E3FD6AFD9D8CD0" box="[468,546,688,710]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">freytagi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD29024650B2877D30BFD6AFC278CD0" author="Dautzenberg" box="[572,920,688,710]" page="135" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D30BFD6AFCD78CD0" author="Dautzenberg" box="[572,872,688,710]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dautzenberg, P. &amp; Fischer, H. (1905) Liste des mollusques recoltes par M. le Capitaine de Fregate Blaise au Tonkin, et description d'especes nouvelles. Journal de Conchyliologie, 53, 85 - 234." type="journal article" year="1905">Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer, 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 135
</treatmentCitation>
(in part, includes 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D567FD6BFB798CD0" ID-CoL="SYKV" box="[1104,1222,688,710]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D567FD6BFB798CD0" box="[1104,1222,688,710]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D5D8FD6AFA868CD0" box="[1263,1337,688,710]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">freitagi</emphasis>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369E5BE650B2877D1A0FD28FB6A8A65" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1A0FD28FBDC8A3D" blockId="49.[151,1436,754,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1A0FD28FEC48D1D" bold="true" box="[151,379,754,779]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
The name ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D335FD29FD738D1D" box="[514,716,754,779]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D335FD29FD738D1D" box="[514,716,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ has been widely applied to 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D527FD29FB2C8D1D" box="[1040,1171,754,779]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D527FD29FB2C8D1D" box="[1040,1171,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D58FFD29FB448D1C" box="[1208,1275,755,778]" name="Japan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D431FD29FAF28D1C" box="[1286,1357,755,778]" name="South Korea" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Korea</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D46EFD28FA238D1D" box="[1369,1436,754,779]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D1F9FCCCFE928D39" box="[206,301,790,815]" name="Vietnam" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(see synonymy of the latter). However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D212FCCDFC498D39" box="[805,1014,790,815]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D212FCCDFC498D39" box="[805,1014,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from the 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D1A0FCE0FEAA8D45" box="[151,277,826,851]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and is morphologically distinct, as recently noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D250FCE0FB918D45" box="[871,1070,826,851]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Reid, D. G., Claremont, M., Smith, L., Shamoto, M., Glaubrecht, M. &amp; Ozawa, T. (2013) Mosaics in the mangroves: allopatric diversification of tree-climbing mudwhelks (Gastropoda: Potamididae: Cerithidea) in the Indo-West Pacific. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 564 - 580." type="journal article">
Reid 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D295FCE6FC6C8D45" box="[930,979,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D50FFCE0FB418D45" box="[1080,1278,826,851]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Higo, S., Callomon, P. &amp; Goto, Y. (2001) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda. Bivalvia. Polyplacophora. Scaphopoda. Type Figures. Elle Scientific Publications, Osaka, 208 pp." type="book">
Higo 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D541FCE6FB188D45" box="[1142,1191,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (2001)
</bibRefCitation>
noted that the status of the possible 
<typeStatus id="54C80897650B2877D0ACFC85FE428D61" box="[411,509,863,887]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D31CFC85FD458D61" box="[555,762,862,887]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D31CFC85FD458D61" box="[555,762,862,887]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1996432) was undetermined. This registration number includes nine specimens, three in each of three lots. In one of these lots there is an original label with the locality ‘Cagayan, Philippines’, and a label ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D3A0FC7DFC018DA9" authority="A. Ad." authorityName="A. Ad." box="[663,958,934,959]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D3A0FC7DFCDC8DA9" box="[663,867,934,959]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
A. Ad.
</taxonomicName>
’ in the hand of A. Adams himself, so the three shells in this lot are identified as unequivocal 
<typeStatus id="54C80897650B2877D3DCFC11FCF28DF5" box="[747,845,971,995]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(NHMUK 1996432/4–6) and the other six have no 
<typeStatus id="54C80897650B2877D1A0FC35FF788A11" box="[151,199,1007,1031]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
status. Apart from refiguring of 
<typeStatus id="54C80897650B2877D303FC35FDDB8A11" box="[564,612,1007,1031]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D3D8FC34FC168A11" author="Higo" box="[751,937,1006,1031]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Higo, S., Callomon, P. &amp; Goto, Y. (2001) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda. Bivalvia. Polyplacophora. Scaphopoda. Type Figures. Elle Scientific Publications, Osaka, 208 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Higo 
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D218FC35FCD78A11" box="[815,872,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D282FC34FBDE8A11" author="Cecalupo" box="[949,1121,1006,1031]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Cecalupo, A. (2005) Elenco della famiglia Cerithiidae Ferussac, 1822 (Prosobranchia). Nomenclatura delle specie conosciute o poco note e relativa revisione sistematica. Fossili e Attuali. Vol. I. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 26, 1 - 366." type="journal article" year="2005">Cecalupo 2005</bibRefCitation>
), only one original figure of this species has been published in more than a century (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D232FBC8FBE98A3D" author="Springsteen" box="[773,1110,1042,1067]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Springsteen, F. J. &amp; Leobrera, F. M. (1986) Shells of the Philippines. Carfel Seashell Museum, Manila, 377 pp." type="book" year="1986">Springsteen &amp; Leobrera 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1F0FBECFB6A8A65" blockId="49.[151,1436,754,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
The identity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB6650B2877D041FBECFD818A59" box="[374,574,1078,1103]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D041FBECFD818A59" box="[374,574,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cerithidea similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D3D3FBEDFC178A59" author="Adams" box="[740,936,1078,1103]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adams, A. (1855) A monograph of Cerithidea, a genus of Mollusca, with descriptions of several new species, from the collection of High Cuming, Esq,: to which are added, descriptions of two new species of Colina, and one of Donax. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, 83 - 87. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1854. tb 07236. x" type="proceedings paper" year="1855">A. Adams (1855)</bibRefCitation>
from the 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D520FBECFB278A59" box="[1047,1176,1078,1103]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, is unknown, but some aspects of the description match the present species (see Excluded and Doubtful Species, above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369E5BE650B2877D1F0FBA4FC248B15" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1F0FBA4FC248B15" blockId="49.[151,1436,754,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1F0FBA4FEFE8A81" bold="true" box="[199,321,1150,1175]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Shell: periphery rounded, spire whorls only slightly rounded; elongated-pupoidal outline; aperture slightly thickened and flared, sinuous apertural margin; 18–32 rounded axial ribs on penultimate whorl, ribs usually weak or absent after ventrolateral varix; ventrolateral varix a wide rib at 170–270°; 0–7 varices on spire; 5– 6 spiral cords above periphery; brown, paler at shoulder. 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D222FB30FC288B15" box="[789,919,1258,1283]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369E5BE650B2877D1F0FAD4FDB58B31" box="[199,522,1294,1319]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1F0FAD4FDB58B31" blockId="49.[151,1436,754,1931]" box="[199,522,1294,1319]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1F0FAD4FE0F8B31" bold="true" box="[199,432,1294,1319]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
18 lots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369E5BE650B2875D1F0FAE8FD668F0B" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1F0FAE8FC9A88ED" blockId="49.[151,1436,754,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1F0FAE8FE0F8B5D" bold="true" box="[199,432,1330,1355]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Shell (
<figureCitation id="1348AAB0650B2877D020FAE8FE1D8B5D" box="[279,418,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A – I" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[245,1337,193,1671]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 15. A – I, Cerithidea rhizophorarum. J – AA, C. moerchii. A, C. rhizophorarum A. Adams, 1855, syntype, Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, Philippines (NHMUK 1996432 / 4). B, no locality (NHMUK 1996432 / 7; not a syntype of C. rhizophorarum). C – H, Guijulngan, Negros Oriental, Philippines (USNM 232846; E – H views of same specimen). I, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines (USNM 243643). J, Tai Mei Tuk, Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130263). K – N, Shiu Hau, Tong Fuk Min Wan, Lantau I., Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130264); L, M views of same specimen). O, P, Yoshida R., Oiehama, Kasaoka City, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130265). Q, Kushida R., Matsunase, Mie Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130266). R, Yonekura, Kiire-nukumi-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130267). S, Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130268). T, Hikawa R., Kumamoto Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130269). U, Cerithium moerchii A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1855, syntype, no locality (NHMUK 20060321). V, Funaura Bay, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is, Japan (NHMUK 20130270). W – Y, Ura, Tatsugou-cho, Amami Is, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130271; X, Y views of same specimen). Z, AA, Tamshui R., Bali, Taiwan (NHMUK 20070387)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846387/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 15A–I</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
H = 18.0– 
<quantity id="4C8B1BD0650B2877D30BFAE8FD168B5C" box="[572,681,1330,1355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="36.1">36.1 mm</quantity>
. Shape elongated-pupoidal (H/B = 2.14–2.66; SH = 3.0–3.52); decollate, 6–7 whorls remaining; spire whorls slightly rounded, suture sometimes indistinct; spire profile convex, final whorl constricted so adults have pupoidal outline; 0–7 thick pale varices on spire; periphery rounded; moderate thickness. Adult lip slightly thickened and flared; apertural margin sinuous in side view; weak anterior projection adjacent to canal. Sculpture on spire of straight to slightly opisthocline axial ribs, becoming slightly curved (opisthocyrt) on later whorls, ribs low, rounded, interspaces equal to width of ribs, 18–32 ribs on penultimate whorl, ribs weak or absent after ventrolateral varix; spiral sculpture of 5 strong, flattened, primary cords on spire whorls, of which anterior cord is usually divided on later whorls to give 6 cords above periphery, posterior cord adjacent to suture is strongest and bears small nodules (corresponding to, or up to twice as numerous as axial ribs); spiral cords cross relatively weaker axial ribs; base with 8–10 flattened cords or ridges. Ventrolateral varix a wide rib at 170–270°; 0–7 wide varices on spire. Surface with fine spiral microstriae on periostracum; surface dull when worn. Colour: white, fawn or pale brown, often with paler zone across 2–3 posterior cords; spiral grooves darker brown, varices white; aperture pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1F0F8DCFE1F8909" blockId="49.[151,1436,754,1931]" box="[199,416,1798,1823]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1F0F8DCFE968909" bold="true" box="[199,297,1798,1823]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Animal:</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB635650B2877D1F0F8F0FD78899D" blockId="49.[151,1436,754,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9076A27650B2877D1F0F8F0FE198955" bold="true" box="[199,422,1834,1859]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Range (
<figureCitation id="1348AAB0650B2877D01FF8F0FE3C8955" box="[296,387,1834,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Distribution of Cerithidea tonkiniana (squares). B. Distribution of C. rhizophorarum (triangles) and of C. moerchii (circles). Solid symbols, specimens examined; open symbols, literature records: A, Thach (2007); B, Ma (2004); C, Noseworthy et al. (2007); D, Lee &amp; Chao (2004); E, Hong et al. (2010); F, Springsteen &amp; Leobrera (1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846385/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
B):
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1BBC68650B2877D084F8F0FC4B8955" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3944783325" box="[435,1012,1834,1859]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A5650B2877D084F8F0FD898955" box="[435,566,1834,1859]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
: Subic Bay, Luzon (
<collectionCode id="ED622EF0650B2877D218F8F1FC3D8955" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[815,898,1835,1859]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
593859);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1BBC68650B2877D536F8F1FA238955" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3944783404" box="[1025,1436,1834,1859]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Mactan I., Cebu (
<collectionCode id="ED622EF0650B2877D5E0F8F1FA958955" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1239,1322,1835,1859]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
862804);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1BBC68650B2877D1A0F894FD2D8971" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3944783318" box="[151,658,1870,1895]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Panabutan Bay, Mindanao (
<collectionCode id="ED622EF0650B2877D0E5F895FD9A8971" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[466,549,1871,1895]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USNM</collectionCode>
862797);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1BBC68650B2877D3ABF895FB708971" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3944783391" box="[668,1231,1870,1895]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao (
<collectionCode id="ED622EF0650B2877D2DFF895FBEB8971" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1000,1108,1871,1895]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1996432);
</materialsCitation>
Nabas, Panay (S. Tracey); Palawan (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC4650B2877D05EF8A8FD04899D" author="Springsteen" box="[361,699,1906,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Springsteen, F. J. &amp; Leobrera, F. M. (1986) Shells of the Philippines. Carfel Seashell Museum, Manila, 377 pp." type="book" year="1986">Springsteen &amp; Leobrera 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0CE6BD65082874D1A0F946FD6E89F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10846387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846387/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[245,1337,193,1669]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="8BCCB63565082874D1A0F946FD6E89F2" blockId="50.[151,1437,1692,2020]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D1A0F946FEEB88A4" bold="true" box="[151,340,1692,1714]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 15. A–I,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665082874D06DF946FDDA88A4" box="[346,613,1692,1714]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D06DF946FDDA88A4" box="[346,613,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cerithidea rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D346F946FD0988A4" bold="true" box="[625,694,1692,1714]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">J–AA,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665082874D38BF947FC8D88A4" box="[700,818,1692,1714]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D38BF947FC8D88A4" box="[700,818,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D209F946FCE988A4" bold="true" box="[830,854,1692,1714]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665082874D26AF947FB7F88A4" authority="A. Adams, 1855" authorityName="A. Adams" authorityYear="1855" box="[861,1216,1692,1714]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D26AF947FCCB88A4" box="[861,884,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D24DF946FBAC88A4" box="[890,1043,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">rhizophorarum</emphasis>
A. Adams, 1855
</taxonomicName>
, syntype, Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, Philippines (NHMUK 1996432/4). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D39BF960FD7D88C6" bold="true" box="[684,706,1722,1744]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B,</emphasis>
no locality (NHMUK 1996432/7; not a syntype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665082874D5E1F961FA3288C6" box="[1238,1421,1722,1744]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D5E1F961FA3288C6" box="[1238,1421,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D1A0F903FF6F88F9" bold="true" box="[151,208,1753,1775]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C–H,</emphasis>
Guijulngan, Negros Oriental, Philippines (USNM 232846; 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D268F903FC2F88F9" bold="true" box="[863,912,1753,1775]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E–H</emphasis>
views of same specimen). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D5F1F903FB6988F9" bold="true" box="[1222,1238,1753,1775]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">I,</emphasis>
Batangas, Luzon, Philippines (USNM 243643). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D0F0F922FE668918" bold="true" box="[455,473,1784,1806]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">J,</emphasis>
Tai Mei Tuk, Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130263). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D556F922FB258918" bold="true" box="[1121,1178,1784,1806]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">K–N,</emphasis>
Shiu Hau, Tong Fuk Min Wan, Lantau I., Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130264); 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D394F8CCFD66893A" bold="true" box="[675,729,1814,1836]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">L, M</emphasis>
views of same specimen). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D2DAF8CCFB9D893A" bold="true" box="[1005,1058,1814,1836]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">O, P,</emphasis>
Yoshida R., Oiehama, Kasaoka City, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130265). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D35BF8EFFD39895D" bold="true" box="[620,646,1845,1867]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Q,</emphasis>
Kushida R., Matsunase, Mie Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130266). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D421F8EFFA91895D" bold="true" box="[1302,1326,1845,1867]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">R,</emphasis>
Yonekura, Kiire-nukumi-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130267). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D529F88EFB8C897C" bold="true" box="[1054,1075,1876,1898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S,</emphasis>
Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130268). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D0B6F8A8FE2C899E" bold="true" box="[385,403,1906,1928]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">T,</emphasis>
Hikawa R., Kumamoto Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130269). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D2CEF8A8FBAD899E" bold="true" box="[1017,1042,1906,1928]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">U,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665082874D52FF8A8FAF1899E" authority="A. Adams" authorityName="A. Adams" box="[1048,1358,1906,1928]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerithiidae" genus="Cerithium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D52FF8A8FB60899E" box="[1048,1247,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cerithium moerchii</emphasis>
A. Adams
</taxonomicName>
in G.B. Sowerby II, 1855, syntype, no locality (NHMUK 20060321). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D203F84BFCF989B1" bold="true" box="[820,838,1937,1959]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">V,</emphasis>
Funaura Bay, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is, Japan (NHMUK 20130270). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D026F86AFEF289D0" bold="true" box="[273,333,1968,1990]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">W–Y,</emphasis>
Ura, Tatsugou-cho, Amami Is, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130271; 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D556F86AFB2D89D0" bold="true" box="[1121,1170,1968,1990]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X, Y</emphasis>
views of same specimen). 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765082874D1A0F814FF6089F2" bold="true" box="[151,223,1998,2020]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Z, AA,</emphasis>
Tamshui R., Bali, Taiwan (NHMUK 20070387).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCCB63565092875D1F0FF4DFD668F0B" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC465092875D051FF4DFD468EA6" author="Springsteen" box="[358,761,151,176]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Springsteen, F. J. &amp; Leobrera, F. M. (1986) Shells of the Philippines. Carfel Seashell Museum, Manila, 377 pp." type="book" year="1986">Springsteen &amp; Leobrera (1986: 64)</bibRefCitation>
this species occurs “throughout the 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D5AAFF4DFA9E8EA6" box="[1181,1313,151,176]" name="Philippines" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
”. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC465092875D40FFF4DFF5E8EC3" author="Sowerby" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Sowerby, G. B. II (1866) Monograph of the genus Cerithidea. In: Reeve, L. A. (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica. Vol. 15. L. A. Reeve, London, pls 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1866">Sowerby (1866)</bibRefCitation>
gave ‘Borneo and the Philippines’ as the distribution, but occurrence in Borneo has not been verified and is considered unlikely in view of the many reliable records of other 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D2ABFF05FBAB8EEE" box="[924,1044,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D2ABFF05FBAB8EEE" box="[924,1044,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cerithidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from the island. Kobelt’s (1890a) record from northern 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D0D0FEDEFDF28F0B" box="[487,589,260,285]" name="Australia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Australia</collectingCountry>
is incorrect.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369E5BE65092875D1F0FEFDFDEF8F72" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCCB63565092875D1F0FEFDFDEF8F72" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D1F0FEFDFE7D8F56" bold="true" box="[199,450,295,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Habitat and ecology.</emphasis>
On sandy mud near the estuary of a small drainage stream from a mangrove area at Nabas, Panay (S. Tracey, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369E5BE65092875D1F0FEB5FF488AD2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCCB63565092875D1F0FEB5FF508D96" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D1F0FEB5FE848F9E" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,392]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
Until very recently (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC465092875D303FEB5FD468F9E" author="Reid" box="[564,761,367,392]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Reid, D. G., Claremont, M., Smith, L., Shamoto, M., Glaubrecht, M. &amp; Ozawa, T. (2013) Mosaics in the mangroves: allopatric diversification of tree-climbing mudwhelks (Gastropoda: Potamididae: Cerithidea) in the Indo-West Pacific. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 564 - 580." type="journal article" year="2013">
Reid 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D342FEABFD168F9E" box="[629,681,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
), ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D22EFEAAFC588F9E" box="[793,999,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D22EFEAAFC588F9E" box="[793,999,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ has been well known as an oriental species found from northern Honshu, throughout the coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D279FE4EFC2E8FBB" box="[846,913,404,429]" name="China" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
and to 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D2D1FE4EFBF68FBB" box="[998,1097,404,429]" name="Vietnam" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. However, the 
<typeStatus id="54C8089765092875D5C6FE4FFA9E8FBB" box="[1265,1313,405,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality of A. Adams’ species is Mindanao in the 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D361FE6DFD6B8FC6" box="[598,724,439,464]" name="Philippines" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and it would be unusual for a predominantly warm-temperate oriental species to extend its range across the South 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D3C0FE06FC858FE3" box="[759,826,476,501]" name="China" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
Sea to the tropical 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D517FE06FB1D8FE3" box="[1056,1186,476,501]" name="Philippines" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. Close comparison of shells revealed differences, which persuaded 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC465092875D3A1FE25FCE08C0E" box="[662,863,511,536]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Reid, D. G., Claremont, M., Smith, L., Shamoto, M., Glaubrecht, M. &amp; Ozawa, T. (2013) Mosaics in the mangroves: allopatric diversification of tree-climbing mudwhelks (Gastropoda: Potamididae: Cerithidea) in the Indo-West Pacific. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 564 - 580." type="journal article">
Reid 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D3E4FDDBFCBA8C0E" box="[723,773,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
to treat the form from the 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D5A7FE25FAB18C0E" box="[1168,1294,511,536]" name="Philippines" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
as a distinct species, 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D1CEFDFFFDBF8C2A" box="[249,512,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D1CEFDFFFE788C2B" box="[249,455,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rhizophorarum">C. rhizophorarum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A234D75C65092875D0E5FDFFFDBF8C2A" box="[466,512,549,572]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, while the mainland species was identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D513FDFFFB138C2B" box="[1060,1196,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerithiidae" genus="Cerithium" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D513FDFFFB138C2B" box="[1060,1196,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The differences are subtle. 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D1DEFD9DFDAD8C76" box="[233,530,583,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D1DEFD9DFDAD8C76" box="[233,530,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cerithidea rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a pupoidal outline (i.e. convex spire profile), the whorls are nearly flat, the axial ribs are fine and numerous, and the colour is pale with broad light brown zones (without dark, narrow bands) (
<figureCitation id="1348AAB065092875D1A8FD55FE9D8CBE" box="[159,290,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A – I" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[245,1337,193,1671]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 15. A – I, Cerithidea rhizophorarum. J – AA, C. moerchii. A, C. rhizophorarum A. Adams, 1855, syntype, Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, Philippines (NHMUK 1996432 / 4). B, no locality (NHMUK 1996432 / 7; not a syntype of C. rhizophorarum). C – H, Guijulngan, Negros Oriental, Philippines (USNM 232846; E – H views of same specimen). I, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines (USNM 243643). J, Tai Mei Tuk, Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130263). K – N, Shiu Hau, Tong Fuk Min Wan, Lantau I., Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130264); L, M views of same specimen). O, P, Yoshida R., Oiehama, Kasaoka City, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130265). Q, Kushida R., Matsunase, Mie Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130266). R, Yonekura, Kiire-nukumi-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130267). S, Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130268). T, Hikawa R., Kumamoto Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130269). U, Cerithium moerchii A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1855, syntype, no locality (NHMUK 20060321). V, Funaura Bay, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is, Japan (NHMUK 20130270). W – Y, Ura, Tatsugou-cho, Amami Is, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130271; X, Y views of same specimen). Z, AA, Tamshui R., Bali, Taiwan (NHMUK 20070387)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846387/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 15A–I</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D00FFD55FDA38CBE" box="[312,540,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D00FFD55FDA38CBE" box="[312,540,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cerithidea moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a straight spire, more rounded whorls, often shows darker coloration and sometimes has rugose axial ribs (
<figureCitation id="1348AAB065092875D323FD6EFDDB8CDB" box="[532,612,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A – I" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[245,1337,193,1671]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 15. A – I, Cerithidea rhizophorarum. J – AA, C. moerchii. A, C. rhizophorarum A. Adams, 1855, syntype, Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, Philippines (NHMUK 1996432 / 4). B, no locality (NHMUK 1996432 / 7; not a syntype of C. rhizophorarum). C – H, Guijulngan, Negros Oriental, Philippines (USNM 232846; E – H views of same specimen). I, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines (USNM 243643). J, Tai Mei Tuk, Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130263). K – N, Shiu Hau, Tong Fuk Min Wan, Lantau I., Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130264); L, M views of same specimen). O, P, Yoshida R., Oiehama, Kasaoka City, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130265). Q, Kushida R., Matsunase, Mie Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130266). R, Yonekura, Kiire-nukumi-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130267). S, Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130268). T, Hikawa R., Kumamoto Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130269). U, Cerithium moerchii A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1855, syntype, no locality (NHMUK 20060321). V, Funaura Bay, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is, Japan (NHMUK 20130270). W – Y, Ura, Tatsugou-cho, Amami Is, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130271; X, Y views of same specimen). Z, AA, Tamshui R., Bali, Taiwan (NHMUK 20070387)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846387/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
J–AA). Significantly, the shells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D2C3FD6FFBC68CDB" box="[1012,1145,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D2C3FD6FFBC68CDB" box="[1012,1145,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Ryukyu Islands and 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D1F1FD0DFEA48CE6" box="[198,283,727,752]" name="Taiwan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, which from their geographical proximity could be expected to be most similar if all were conspecific, are in fact the most distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D32BFD27FD578D03" box="[540,744,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D32BFD27FD578D03" box="[540,744,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
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(the shells from Ryukyus and 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D429FD26FACF8D03" box="[1310,1392,764,789]" name="Taiwan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
are small and rugose, 
<figureCitation id="1348AAB065092875D056FCC5FE118D2E" box="[353,430,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A – I" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1692,1714]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[245,1337,193,1671]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 15. A – I, Cerithidea rhizophorarum. J – AA, C. moerchii. A, C. rhizophorarum A. Adams, 1855, syntype, Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, Philippines (NHMUK 1996432 / 4). B, no locality (NHMUK 1996432 / 7; not a syntype of C. rhizophorarum). C – H, Guijulngan, Negros Oriental, Philippines (USNM 232846; E – H views of same specimen). I, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines (USNM 243643). J, Tai Mei Tuk, Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130263). K – N, Shiu Hau, Tong Fuk Min Wan, Lantau I., Hong Kong (NHMUK 20130264); L, M views of same specimen). O, P, Yoshida R., Oiehama, Kasaoka City, Hiroshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130265). Q, Kushida R., Matsunase, Mie Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130266). R, Yonekura, Kiire-nukumi-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130267). S, Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130268). T, Hikawa R., Kumamoto Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130269). U, Cerithium moerchii A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1855, syntype, no locality (NHMUK 20060321). V, Funaura Bay, Iriomote I., Ryukyu Is, Japan (NHMUK 20130270). W – Y, Ura, Tatsugou-cho, Amami Is, Kagoshima Pref., Japan (NHMUK 20130271; X, Y views of same specimen). Z, AA, Tamshui R., Bali, Taiwan (NHMUK 20070387)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10846387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10846387/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
U–AA; see Remarks on 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D3F7FCFAFCFC8D2E" box="[704,835,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D3F7FCFAFCFC8D2E" box="[704,835,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). So far, no molecular samples have been available to test this hypothesis, but it is predicted that 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D3AEFC9FFCD88D4B" box="[665,871,836,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D3AEFC9FFCD88D4B" box="[665,871,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D291FC9FFB918D4B" box="[934,1070,836,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moerchii">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D291FC9FFB918D4B" box="[934,1070,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. moerchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will prove to be distinct sister species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCCB63565092875D1F0FC56FF488AD2" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
The intertidal shells of the 
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are rather well known, so it is surprising that the presence there of 
<taxonomicName id="4C73CDB665092875D4B5FC57FEFF8DDE" class="Gastropoda" family="Potamididae" genus="Cerithidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhizophorarum">
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D4B5FC57FEFF8DDE" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. rhizophorarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been mentioned in the literature only once in the past century, when 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC465092875D5BCFC75FEAE8DFB" author="Springsteen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Springsteen, F. J. &amp; Leobrera, F. M. (1986) Shells of the Philippines. Carfel Seashell Museum, Manila, 377 pp." type="book" year="1986">Springsteen &amp; Leobrera (1986: 64)</bibRefCitation>
reported that it occurred “throughout the 
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D235FC0EFC398DFB" box="[770,902,980,1005]" name="Philippines" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
”. The species was not included in the family account by Lozouet (2008) in the comprehensive 
<emphasis id="B9076A2765092875D3E3FC2DFBAC8A06" box="[724,1043,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="F364F6A565092875D3E3FC2DFCF68A06" box="[724,841,1015,1040]" name="Philippines" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Philippine</collectingCountry>
Marine Mollusks
</emphasis>
and was not found by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2CBC465092875D416FC22FE8A8A22" author="Lozouet" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Lozouet, P. &amp; Plaziat, J. - C. (2008) Mangrove Environments and Molluscs. Abatan River, Bohol and Panglao Islands, Central Philippines. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 160 pp." type="book" year="2008">Lozouet &amp; Plaziat (2008)</bibRefCitation>
in Bohol. There are, however, 15 lots from the 
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in USNM, mostly collected by P. Bartsch in the early twentieth century. Two of these lots consist of&gt; 
<specimenCount id="9D757DBC65092875D27CFB9AFC4C8A4E" box="[843,1011,1087,1112]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">100 specimens</specimenCount>
and one of these was from Batangas Market, Luzon (USNM 243643), suggesting that the snails had been collected for food. A few specimens were found in Panay in 1979 by S. Tracey (pers. comm.). The conservation status of this species could be a matter of concern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>