204 lines
25 KiB
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204 lines
25 KiB
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<document id="847171ECD1E2632F136A8EFAD1526289" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3884945" ID-ZooBank="376263E2-07B2-4B4B-A8E3-C718FE0FC969" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1591602476533" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mohammednowshad, B., Idreesbabu, K. K., Parameswaran, Usha V., Messing, Charles G. & Sureshkumar, S." docDate="2020" docId="03C887FDFFCDFFE2F2A95E7ADB20FAD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxxa.4789.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4789 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heterometra compta A. H. Clark 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="FFF1FF85FFC7FFE8F23E5C7BDA39FF85" masterDocTitle="The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="257" updateTime="1698773308952" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FE9381EBF23FB2FAE338D86D2B732986">
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<mods:title id="3E68CB717061C95B62F088BA8C1ABBE7">The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB5DE8A28422E12582F89857C91AEBEC">Mohammednowshad, B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BBF4227CDA7D7503563032E852918F9">Department of Science and Technology, Kavaratti- 682555, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. & School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506 Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E10EDE361A2F59BDCA86AF04B98B4416">Idreesbabu, K. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A69DBC527009E6AE8A3B3445B4E79B7">Department of Science and Technology, Kavaratti- 682555, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="049809920189EEA14E009304B5555326">Parameswaran, Usha V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="23A535AC3FEBF2A712EB3FAAD19E9770">Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Kendriya Bhavan, Kakkanad, Kochi- 682 037, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AB1CD9F88A2A624311FA08681E1DB77C">Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B55601BB997A924BF5F0687FF4167DA">Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="87B96A2ED62FE01DF77FEBF460492C2D">Sureshkumar, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4192E8765289F7D8B20E88D58D6D1F67">School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506 Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="93E1145FF8EDF265313D1CAA2B763A14">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="75E2ACBEB55C8B1714559CAEFC6EBABC">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E16145CBD1521DF3C4104CE9F9384C4F">2020-06-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="48C13124E5225D4B41B51C5086E8DA67">4789</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3D1BC26BB19AF7AB13788D52D36CFAFE">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="970EAEB570806690263F78B28E3CD8CE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ACEA55BEDC796F4B7D04AF5D874B603B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887FDFFCDFFE2F2A95E7ADB20FAD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887FDFFCDFFE2F2A95E7ADB20FAD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887FDFFCDFFE2F2A95E7ADB20FAD7" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCDFFE2F2A95E7AD845FD9E" box="[151,636,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCDFFE2F2A95E7AD845FD9E" blockId="10.[151,636,513,539]" box="[151,636,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<heading id="D0968187FFCDFFE2F2A95E7AD845FD9E" bold="true" box="[151,636,513,539]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F2A95E7AD845FD9E" ID-CoL="8G9WY" authority="A. H. Clark, 1909 b" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,636,513,539]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="compta">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2A95E7AD845FD9E" bold="true" box="[151,636,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2A95E7ADBA9FD9E" bold="true" box="[151,400,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Heterometra compta</emphasis>
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A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F3E75E7AD845FD9E" author="Clark, A. H." box="[473,636,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="633 - 651" refId="ref13314" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 b) Descriptions of seventeen new species of crinoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 633 - 651. [https: // repository. si. edu / bitstream / handle / 10088 / 14127 / 1 / USNMP- 36 _ 1691 _ 1909. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.36 - 1691.633" type="journal article" year="1909">Clark, 1909b</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCDFFE2F2A95E3DDF6DFDD8" box="[151,1364,580,605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCDFFE2F2A95E3DDF6DFDD8" blockId="10.[151,1364,580,605]" box="[151,1364,580,605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F2A95E3DD860FDD8" ID-CoL="8G9WY" authority="A. H. Clark, 1909 b: 636" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityPageNumber="636" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,601,580,605]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="compta">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2A95E3DDB50FDD8" box="[151,361,582,605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Heterometra compta</emphasis>
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A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F39B5E3FD860FDD8" author="Clark, A. H." box="[421,601,580,605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="633 - 651" refId="ref13314" refString="Clark, A. H. (1909 b) Descriptions of seventeen new species of crinoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 633 - 651. [https: // repository. si. edu / bitstream / handle / 10088 / 14127 / 1 / USNMP- 36 _ 1691 _ 1909. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.36 - 1691.633" type="journal article" year="1909">Clark, 1909b:636</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F05A5E3FD8C1FDD8" author="Clark, A. H." box="[612,760,580,605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">1941:293–295</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 33 (figs. 144–148); A.M.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F6195E3FDF10FDD8" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1063,1321,580,605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" refId="ref14532" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow Water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark & Rowe, 1971:8–9</bibRefCitation>
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, 23.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCDFFE2F2A95EF0DE79FCB3" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCDFFE2F2A95EF0DE79FCB3" blockId="10.[151,1437,651,1362]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2A95EF0DB14FD23" bold="true" box="[151,301,651,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Diagnosis.—</emphasis>
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A species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F3845EF7D871FD20" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[442,584,652,677]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F3845EF7D871FD20" box="[442,584,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Heterometra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with brachials wedge-shaped, not exceedingly short, and with ends not quite parallel. Enlarged proximal pinnules smooth, with proximal segments keeled. Cirri
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<quantity id="4C999B0EFFCDFFE2F67F5ED4DE82FD4F" box="[1089,1211,687,714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="23.0">23–25 mm</quantity>
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long, of 31–35 seg- ments; longest cirrals about as long as broad or slightly longer than broad; distal cirrals with width to length ratio 1.5–2.0, with aboral tubercles. Arms
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<quantity id="4C999B0EFFCDFFE2F00C5E8CD8D8FC97" box="[562,737,759,786]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25705" metricValueMax="2.5125" metricValueMin="0.0016" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="12570.5" valueMax="25125.0" valueMin="16.0">16–25, 125 mm</quantity>
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long. P1 and P2 similar, equally long, with 26 segments; much longer and slightly stouter than PD. P3 scarcely longer than PD (A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F1955F60DE0AFCB3" author="Clark, A. H." box="[939,1075,795,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCDFFE2F2F95F44D838FCFB" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCDFFE2F2F95F44D838FCFB" blockId="10.[151,1437,651,1362]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2F95F44DBF7FCDF" bold="true" box="[199,462,831,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Material examined.—</emphasis>
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None in this study. Specimens were previously collected at Bassas de Pedro by
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<collectionCode id="ED70AE2EFFCDFFE2F7665F3BDFA5FCDF" box="[1368,1436,832,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">RIMS</collectionCode>
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F2A95F1FDBC4FCFB" authority="(A. H. Clark, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[151,509,867,894]" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2A95F1FDB27FCF8" box="[151,286,868,893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Investigator</emphasis>
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(A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F3525F18DBCDFCFB" author="Clark, A. H." box="[364,500,867,894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCDFFE2F2F95FFCDEA2FC27" box="[199,1179,903,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCDFFE2F2F95FFCDEA2FC27" blockId="10.[151,1437,651,1362]" box="[199,1179,903,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2F95FFCDB45FC27" bold="true" box="[199,380,903,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Distribution.—</emphasis>
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Bassas de Pedro,
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<collectingCountry id="F376767BFFCDFFE2F07E5FFCD8E7FC24" box="[576,734,903,929]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Lakshadweep</collectingCountry>
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. No depth recorded (A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F6385FFCDEB6FC27" author="Clark, A. H." box="[1030,1167,903,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6560FFCDFFE2F2F95FD7DB20FAD7" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8BDE36EBFFCDFFE2F2F95FD7DB20FAD7" blockId="10.[151,1437,651,1362]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F2F95FD7DB6EFC43" bold="true" box="[199,343,940,966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Remarks.—</emphasis>
|
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|
|
This species is currently known only from the nine specimens collected at Bassas de Pedro. It is unclear if
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F3375FABDB47FC6C" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[265,382,976,1001]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="compta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F3375FABDB47FC6C" box="[265,382,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">H. compta</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was collected in shallow water (<
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C999B0EFFCDFFE2F0C35FB4D900FC6F" box="[765,825,975,1002]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) or not.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F1A75FABDE0DFC6F" author="NIMA & National Imagery & Mapping Agency" box="[921,1076,976,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="99 - 118" refId="ref16173" refString="NIMA (National Imagery and Mapping Agency) (2002) Sector 5, The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands. Sailing Directions (Enroute): India and the Bay of Bengal, Publication 173, 99 - 118." type="journal article" year="2002">NIMA (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
gives the depth range of Bassas de Pedro as 16.4–
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D67FD62FFCDFFE2F35A5F88DBACFB8B" box="[356,405,1011,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" type="generic">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C999B0EFFCDFFE2F35A5F88DBA8FB8B" box="[356,401,1011,1038]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
Most records for the genus are <
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C999B0EFFCDFFE2F12E5F88D975FB8B" box="[784,844,1011,1038]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, but species have been collected to depths of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C999B0EFFCDFFE2F76A5F88DFA5FB8B" box="[1364,1436,1011,1038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="125.0">125 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(possibly
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C999B0EFFCDFFE2F33B586CDB75FBB7" box="[261,332,1047,1074]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="136.0">136 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) (A.H.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F39F586CD811FBB7" author="Clark, A. H." box="[417,552,1047,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F00A586CD91EFBB7" author="Messing, C. G. & Tay, T. S." box="[564,807,1047,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="627 - 658" refId="ref15896" refString="Messing, C. G. & Tay, T. S. (2016) Extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 34, 627 - 658." type="book chapter" year="2016">Messing & Tay, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and RIMS
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F18A5863DE02FBB4" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[948,1083,1048,1073]" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F18A5863DE02FBB4" box="[948,1083,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Investigator</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
also trawled and dredged in far deeper water (e.g., A.M. Clark & A.H.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F06D5840D8E5FBD3" author="Clark, A. H. & Clark, A. M." box="[595,732,1083,1110]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 860" refId="ref14390" refString="Clark, A. H. & Clark, A. M. (1967) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids, part 5. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 860. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.3" type="journal article" year="1967">Clark, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F0CF5847D9E0FBD0" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[753,985,1084,1109]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="compta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F0CF5847D9E0FBD0" box="[753,985,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Heterometra compta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is one of several species recorded from the western Indian Ocean and Red Sea that differ morphologically only in minor characters, many of which likely vary with growth and environmental conditions (e.g., arm number and length; cirrus length, and number and proportion of segments; aboral cirrus ornamentation, and relative lengths and numbers of segments of oral pinnules, and proportions of pinnule segments) (A.H.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F06158B0D8D1FB63" author="Clark, A. H." box="[607,744,1227,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 603" refId="ref14208" refString="Clark, A. H. (1941) A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4 a. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, 1 - 603, pls. 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82.4 a" type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; A.M.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F10658B0D9F9FB63" author="Clark, A. M." box="[824,960,1227,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="75 - 156" refId="ref14449" refString="Clark, A. M. (1972) Some crinoids from the Indian Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 24, 75 - 156." type="journal article" year="1972">Clark, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F1F058B0DEDCFB63" author="Marshall, J. I. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[974,1253,1227,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="379 - 413" refId="ref15368" refString="Marshall, J. I. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1981) The crinoids of Madagascar. Bulletin du Museium national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 4 e Serie, 3, Section A, No. 2, 379 - 413. [http: // bionames. org / bionames-archive / issn / 0181 - 0626 / 3 / 379. pdf]" type="book chapter" year="1981">Marshall & Rowe, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Three of these (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F29F588BDBCCFA8F" authority="A. H. Clark, 1911 c" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[161,501,1263,1290]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gravieri">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F29F588BDB24FA8C" box="[161,285,1264,1289]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">H. gravieri</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
A.H.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F35D5894DBCCFA8F" author="Clark, A. H." box="[355,501,1263,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref13741" refString="Clark, A. H. (1911 c) The Recent crinoids of the coasts of Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 40 (1808), 1 - 51. [https: // repository. si. edu / bitstream / handle / 10088 / 14309 / 1 / USNMP- 40 _ 1808 _ 1911. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.40 - 1808.1" type="journal article" year="1911">Clark, 1911c</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F00F588BD943FA8F" authority="A. H. Clark, 1911 c" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[561,890,1263,1290]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="joubini">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F00F588BD89BFA8F" box="[561,674,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">H. joubini</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
A.H.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F0D65894D943FA8F" author="Clark, A. H." box="[744,890,1263,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref13741" refString="Clark, A. H. (1911 c) The Recent crinoids of the coasts of Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 40 (1808), 1 - 51. [https: // repository. si. edu / bitstream / handle / 10088 / 14309 / 1 / USNMP- 40 _ 1808 _ 1911. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.40 - 1808.1" type="journal article" year="1911">Clark, 1911c</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F376767BFFCDFFE2F1FA5894DE10FA8C" box="[964,1065,1263,1289]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D68FFCDFFE2F65B588BDFA5FA8F" authority="(A. H. Clark, 1911 c)" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1125,1436,1263,1290]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EAF9FFCDFFE2F65B588BDE8DFA8C" box="[1125,1204,1264,1289]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="257">H. ater</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(A.H.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B1AFFCDFFE2F73D5894DFADFA8F" author="Clark, A. H." box="[1283,1428,1263,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref13741" refString="Clark, A. H. (1911 c) The Recent crinoids of the coasts of Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 40 (1808), 1 - 51. [https: // repository. si. edu / bitstream / handle / 10088 / 14309 / 1 / USNMP- 40 _ 1808 _ 1911. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.40 - 1808.1" type="journal article" year="1911">Clark, 1911c</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from the Red Sea) remain known from one specimen each. All of these species require additional research to verify their status.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|