treatments-xml/data/03/D7/50/03D75034FFCEE417FD4153517215FDA6.xml

<document id="FF84EE0421D26655377A1C93BCCB6405" ID-DOI="10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13332563" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1720669084001" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley &amp; de Pinna, Mário" docDate="2022" docId="03D75034FFCEE417FD4153517215FDA6" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.20.1.e210009.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology (e 210009) 20 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823.3:NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Japigny Meunier, Jegu &amp; Keith 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFEE284CFFE1E438FFB65162717CF803" masterDocTitle="Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1723818792354" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="70AE4F8A3A0EDBD5A58498DE4B762A29">Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="94ADE005B7B675812CBA6356FAA9DA2C">Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A0C4B7BC77066B6A8DF171046C1E649">de Pinna, Mário</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1D9FF33B5AAC5F0B22ADFFE45C4786FC">2022</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFCEE417FD41535175D8FA48" blockId="47.[759,1188,563,587]" box="[759,1188,563,587]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="D089564EFFCEE417FD41535175D8FA48" box="[759,1188,563,587]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9AA1FFCEE417FD41535175D8FA48" ID-CoL="56CH" ID-ENA="2595000" authority="Meunier, Jegu &amp; Keith, 2011" authorityName="Meunier, Jegu &amp; Keith" authorityYear="2011" box="[759,1188,563,587]" family="Sternopygidae" genus="Japigny" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FD415351722AFA48" bold="true" box="[759,854,563,587]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Japigny</emphasis>
Meunier, Jégu &amp; Keith, 2011
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFCEE417FDB0531C7295FBC3" blockId="47.[485,1459,638,1147]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FDB0531C7261FA95" bold="true" box="[518,797,638,662]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Adductor mandibulae.</emphasis>
The 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FCD2531C72D4FA95" box="[868,936,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">rictalis</emphasis>
originates in the preopercle, sympletic, and hyomandibula. The lateralmost fibers of the ventral portion of the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FB7A53C1746CFAB8" box="[1228,1296,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">rictalis</emphasis>
is restricted to the anterior margin of the preopercular fossa. That section inserts solely on the coronoid process, with some lateralmost fibers associated with the buccopalatal membrane. The 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FE5F5271734FFB28" box="[489,563,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">stegalis</emphasis>
arises from the hyomandibula, pterosphenoid, parasphenoid, metapterygoid, and sympletic; and converges into the meckelian tendon which, in turn, inserts on the coronomeckelian bone, with some anterodorsal fibers converging to the mandibular tendon. The 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FD3352E173B3FB98" box="[645,719,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">stegalis</emphasis>
overlaps only the posterior portion of the basal region of the endopterygoid not overlapping it completely.
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<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFCEE417FDB052AC739CFC78" blockId="47.[485,1459,638,1147]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
The 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FD8A52AD7243FBE5" box="[572,831,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">segmentum mandibularis</emphasis>
arises from the mandibular tendon, enters the mandible mesially and inserts on the anguloarticular. The 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FC5B52967590FC08" box="[1005,1260,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">segmentum mandibularis</emphasis>
is located dorsally to Meckel’s cartilage, extending about 60% of the dorsal portion of this cartilage. The course of the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FD33555D72B7FC55" box="[645,971,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ramus mandibularis trigeminus</emphasis>
nerve is lateral to the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FB7D555C7469FC55" box="[1227,1301,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">stegalis</emphasis>
and mesial to the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FDA45501732AFC78" box="[530,598,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">rictalis</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FD3B550173A5FC78" box="[653,729,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">malaris</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFCEE417FDB055CC7215FDA6" blockId="47.[488,1459,1198,1446]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FDB055CC7269FCC5" bold="true" box="[518,789,1198,1222]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Levator arcus palatini.</emphasis>
The 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FCE455CC7556FCC5" box="[850,1066,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
has a roughly parallelogram shape, originating from the ventral margin of the frontal and sphenotic and inserting onto the hyomandibula. The origin of the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FC2E559A750FFD13" box="[920,1139,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
is slightly narrower than its insertion (
<figureCitation id="1345FDA7FFCEE417FDE9547C73CAFD35" box="[607,694,1310,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="44.[138,211,1238,1258]" captionTargetBox="[136,1460,171,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-151@44.[136,1460,171,1201]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 20 | Lateral view of dorsolateral musculature of Japigny kirshbaum (Sternopygidae), FMNH 50185, 137.2 mm LEA. Anatomical abbreviations in Tab. 1. Scale bar = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13332605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13332605/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). At the insertion of the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FC6D547C75C7FD35" box="[987,1211,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
, all fibers are located laterally to the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FD3E542173A8FD58" box="[648,724,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">malaris</emphasis>
; and with only the posterodorsal fibers being mesial to the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FAEC54217345FD83" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">dilatator operculi</emphasis>
, where the anterior margin of the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FC78540A7511FD83" box="[974,1133,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">dilator operculi</emphasis>
does not exceeds the medial portion of the 
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFCEE417FD3D54EC721FFDA5" box="[651,867,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
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