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<document id="091F7DB9A0D99398CA30A236EABA6E3E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215073" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5042ced6-7b2d-4de1-b5d5-7a730550385b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215073" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460472328212" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pinheiro, Ulisses &amp; Nicacio, Gilberto" docDate="2012" docId="03994A42FFE79137FF33FA007370FA15" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03269p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3269" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tubella Carter 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFA0323AFFE79135FFA4FF977649FFC1" masterDocTitle="Resurrection and redefinition of the genus Tubella (Porifera: Spongillidae) with a worldwide list of valid species" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698306084347" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CAC6BFCA57882D2E088BD70701C29F38">Resurrection and redefinition of the genus Tubella (Porifera: Spongillidae) with a worldwide list of valid species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C786D2828B2911DDFC83DFDCCBA81CE1">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85ECD3ECDB1D9E3A71AB65024147ECD5">Nicacio, Gilberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6F82DFC40EC43C86C162ACDC5D777CAC">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03994A42FFE79137FF33FA007370FA15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3506069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119515347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3506069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03994A42FFE79137FF33FA007370FA15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03994A42FFE79137FF33FA007370FA15" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="C32AA8DFFFE79135FF33FA007784FA6E" box="[151,461,1431,1456]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE79135FF33FA007784FA6E" blockId="0.[151,461,1431,1456]" box="[151,461,1431,1456]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D0C74C38FFE79135FF33FA007784FA6E" bold="true" box="[151,461,1431,1456]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF33FA007784FA6E" bold="true" box="[151,461,1431,1456]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE79135FF42FA0F7784FA6E" ID-CoL="53a83879-64b6-4a3a-9d89-179e9b2042ef" authority="Carter, 1881" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1881" box="[230,461,1431,1456]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF42FA0F7773FA71" bold="true" box="[230,314,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Tubella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FEE4FA007784FA6E" author="Carter" box="[320,461,1431,1455]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) History and Classification of the known Species of Spongilla. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 77 - 107." type="journal article" year="1881">Carter, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32AA8DFFFE79135FF33FA4B73DFF9D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE79135FF33FA4B72E4FA35" blockId="0.[151,1436,1500,1684]" box="[151,1197,1500,1524]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF33FA4B7764FA35" bold="true" box="[151,301,1500,1524]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="548B45F6FFE79135FF33FA4B7686FA35" box="[151,207,1500,1524]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE79135FE97FA4A742FFA35" authority="Carter, 1881" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1881" box="[307,614,1501,1524]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paulula">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FE97FA4A7792FA35" box="[307,475,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Tubella paulula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FE46FA4A742FFA35" author="Carter" box="[482,614,1501,1524]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) History and Classification of the known Species of Spongilla. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 77 - 107." type="journal article" year="1881">Carter, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by subsequent designation,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FC38FA4A7236FA35" author="De" box="[924,1151,1501,1524]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution, Washington DC, 467 pp." type="book" year="1936">
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE79135FC38FA4A75F2FA35" box="[924,955,1501,1524]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">De</collectingCountry>
Laubenfels, 1936
</bibRefCitation>
: 37)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE79135FF33FA6B73DFF9D5" blockId="0.[151,1436,1500,1684]" box="[151,1430,1532,1556]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF33FA6B77FCF9D5" bold="true" box="[151,437,1532,1556]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Proposed new synonymy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE79135FE1FFA6A751BF9D5" authority="Vejdowsky, 1883: 31" authorityName="Vejdowsky" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1883" box="[443,850,1533,1556]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FE1FFA6A7420F9D5" box="[443,617,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Trochospongilla</emphasis>
Vejdowsky, 1883: 31
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FCFAFA6A721EF9D5" author="Penney" box="[862,1111,1533,1556]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Penney, J. T. &amp; Racek, A. A. (1968) Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 272. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 184 pp." type="book" year="1968">Penney &amp; Racek, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 133 (and synonymy therein).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32AA8DFFFE79137FF33F98A74E4FED6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE79135FF33F98A72DDF995" blockId="0.[151,1436,1500,1684]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20DC7AFFE79135FF33F98A72DDF995" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE79135FF33F98A774AF9F5" box="[151,259,1565,1588]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF33F98A774AF9F5" box="[151,259,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Uruguaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in part:
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FEC0F98A77E9F9F5" box="[356,416,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">sensu</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FE0DF98A7412F9F5" author="Hinde" box="[425,603,1565,1588]" page="10" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FE0DF98A747AF9F5" author="Hinde" box="[425,563,1565,1588]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Hinde, G. J. (1888) On some new Species of Uruguaya, Carter, with Remarks on the Genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1888">Hinde, 1888</bibRefCitation>
: 10
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FD14F98A75C8F9F5" author="Weltner" box="[688,897,1565,1588]" page="130" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FD14F98A7505F9F5" author="Weltner" box="[688,844,1565,1588]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Weltner, W. (1895) Spongilliden studien III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten usswasserschwamme. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61, 114 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895">Weltner, 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 130
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FC73F98A72E2F9F5" author="Cordero" box="[983,1195,1565,1588]" page="117" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FC73F98A723EF9F5" author="Cordero" box="[983,1143,1565,1588]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Cordero, E. H. (1924) Dos esponjas de agua dulce sudamericanas. Comunicaciones del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 2, 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1924">Cordero, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 117
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FAA4F98A73D5F9F5" author="Gee" box="[1280,1436,1565,1588]" page="44" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FAA4F98A733DF9F5" author="Gee" box="[1280,1396,1565,1588]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Gee, N. G. (1932) The genus Trochospongilla of freshwater sponges. Peking Natural History Bulletin 6, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1932">Gee, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FEB4F9AA778EF995" author="Penney" box="[272,455,1597,1620]" page="60" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FEB4F9AA77EAF995" author="Penney" box="[272,419,1597,1620]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Penney, J. T. (1960) Distribution and bibliography (1892 - 1957) of freshwater sponges. University of South Carolina Publisher III, Columbia, 97 pp." type="book chapter" year="1960">Penney, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FDBCF9AA750DF995" author="Penney" box="[536,836,1597,1620]" page="143" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FDBCF9AA755BF995" author="Penney" box="[536,786,1597,1620]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Penney, J. T. &amp; Racek, A. A. (1968) Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 272. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 184 pp." type="book" year="1968">Penney &amp; Racek, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 143
</treatmentCitation>
(part);
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FC30F9AA7202F995" author="Belen" box="[916,1099,1597,1620]" page="285" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FC30F9AA7251F995" author="Belen" box="[916,1048,1597,1620]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Belen, C. (1968) Nomina de las esponjas dulceacuicolas de la fauna del rio Uruguay, America Del Sur. Physis, 27, 285 - 289." type="journal article" year="1968">Belén, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 285
</treatmentCitation>
(part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE79135FF33F9CA735EF9B5" blockId="0.[151,1436,1500,1684]" box="[151,1303,1629,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20DC7AFFE79135FF33F9CA735EF9B5" box="[151,1303,1629,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE79135FF61F9CA77BCF9B5" authority="Carter, 1881: 100" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1881" box="[197,501,1629,1652]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF61F9CA7778F9B5" box="[197,305,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Uruguaya</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FE9CF9CA77BCF9B5" author="Carter" box="[312,501,1629,1652]" page="100" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FE9CF9CA7789F9B5" author="Carter" box="[312,448,1629,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) History and Classification of the known Species of Spongilla. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 77 - 107." type="journal article" year="1881">Carter, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 100
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FDA4F9CA7243F9B5" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[512,1034,1629,1652]" page="505" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FDA4F9CA759EF9B5" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[512,983,1629,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; De Rosa-Barbosa, R. (1978) Neotropical freshwater sponges of the family Potamolepidae Brien, 1967. In: Levi, C. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (Eds), Sponge Biology. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 503 - 511." type="book chapter" year="1978">
Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE79135FD72F9CA74BCF9B5" box="[726,757,1629,1652]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">De</collectingCountry>
Rosa-Barbosa, 1978
</bibRefCitation>
: 505
</treatmentCitation>
(and synonymy therein).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE79135FF33F9EA749EF955" blockId="0.[151,1436,1500,1684]" box="[151,727,1661,1684]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20DC7AFFE79135FF33F9EA749EF955" box="[151,727,1661,1684]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE79135FF33F9EA77A4F955" authority="Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra" authorityName="Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra" box="[151,493,1661,1684]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF33F9EA7757F955" box="[151,286,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Uruguayella</emphasis>
Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra
</taxonomicName>
de
<treatmentCitation id="0A91DD45FFE79135FDB0F9EA749BF955" author="Drago" box="[532,722,1661,1684]" page="356" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE79135FDB0F9EA74D4F955" author="Drago" box="[532,669,1661,1684]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Bonetto, A. A. &amp; Ezcurra De Drago, I. D. (1969) Notas sistematicas sobre el genero Uruguaya Carter (Porifera, Spongillidae). Physis, 28, 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1969">Drago, 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 356
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE79135FF33F95775D6F808" blockId="0.[151,1436,1728,1993]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE79135FF33F95776AFF916" box="[151,230,1728,1751]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE79135FF33F95776AFF916" box="[151,230,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Tubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is defined as a sponge with an encrusting growth form. Consistency fragile to moderately hard. Ectosome with spicules in the dermal membrane. Choanosome anisotropic, pauci- or multispicular fibres, more dense at the sponge base. Variable amount of spongin. Megascleres oxeas, strongyles and tornotes, straight or slightly curved, stout or slender, smooth or spiny. Microscleres absent. Gemmules grouped or singly scattered. Gemmules spherical, enveloped in single or multi-gemmular pneumatic pseudo-cage, armoured by megascleres. Foramen present. Gemmular theca monolayered consisting of compact spongin. Gemmoscleres are birotulates minute, short, smooth, stout or slender shaft radially embedded in gemmules. Rotules equal or unequal diameter, entire, circular, often bent, turned in the same direction, usually the upper rotule cup shaped and smaller than the inner.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4FABDCFFE69134FF33F98F7343F9B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215074/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[151,1431,196,1536]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE69134FF33F98F7343F9B4" blockId="1.[151,1436,1560,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FF33F98F7755F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,284,1560,1584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FE82F98E77A4F9F1" box="[294,493,1561,1584]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Meyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FE82F98E77A4F9F1" box="[294,493,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Meyenia anonyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Amazonas River, Brazil, deposited in the Natural History Museum London: a) slide. b) Oxea megascleres. c) Oxea microscleres. d–g) Vegetal structures. h) Reproduction of Carter’s (1881) original plate illustrating
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FEE8F9C97798F9B4" box="[332,465,1630,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Meyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FEE8F9C97798F9B4" box="[332,465,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">M. anonyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars: b) 150 µm, c) 40 µm, d) 180 µm, e) 170 µm, f) 75 µm, g)15 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE69137FF33F93474E4FED6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1699,2034]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1492]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FE35F934746DF97B" author="Drago" box="[401,548,1699,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bonetto, A. A. &amp; Ezcurra De Drago, I. D. (1969) Notas sistematicas sobre el genero Uruguaya Carter (Porifera, Spongillidae). Physis, 28, 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1969">Drago (1969)</bibRefCitation>
erected the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FD50F9347533F97B" box="[756,890,1699,1722]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FD50F9347533F97B" box="[756,890,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguayella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to contain five species from six described earlier belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FE8BF95177D2F91C" box="[303,411,1734,1757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FE8BF95177D2F91C" box="[303,411,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FE0BF951757AF91C" authority="Hinde, 1888" authorityName="Hinde" authorityYear="1888" box="[431,819,1734,1757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FE0BF95174C1F91C" box="[431,648,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguayella repens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FD38F9517562F91C" author="Hinde" box="[668,811,1734,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Hinde, G. J. (1888) On some new Species of Uruguaya, Carter, with Remarks on the Genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1888">Hinde, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FCE0F951734DF91C" authority="Hinde, 1888" authorityName="Hinde" authorityYear="1888" box="[836,1284,1734,1757]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macandrewi">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FCE0F9517213F91C" box="[836,1114,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguayella macandrewi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FBCAF95172B5F91C" author="Hinde" box="[1134,1276,1734,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Hinde, G. J. (1888) On some new Species of Uruguaya, Carter, with Remarks on the Genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1888">Hinde, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FAB1F95177C3F93E" authority="Hinde, 1888" authorityName="Hinde" authorityYear="1888" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pygmea">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FAB1F95176A3F8C1" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguayella pygmea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FF5CF97F77CBF93E" author="Hinde" box="[248,386,1768,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Hinde, G. J. (1888) On some new Species of Uruguaya, Carter, with Remarks on the Genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1888">Hinde, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FE31F97E750CF93E" authority="Weltner, 1895" authorityName="Weltner" authorityYear="1895" box="[405,837,1768,1792]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FE31F97E74DEF8C1" box="[405,663,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguayella amazonica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FD00F97F7577F93E" author="Weltner" box="[676,830,1768,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Weltner, W. (1895) Spongilliden studien III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten usswasserschwamme. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61, 114 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895">Weltner, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FCDEF97E73D0F93E" authority="Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra, 1962" authorityName="Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra" authorityYear="1962" box="[890,1433,1768,1792]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ringueleti">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FCDEF97E7226F8C1" box="[890,1135,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguayella ringueleti</emphasis>
(Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra, 1962)
</taxonomicName>
. This proposal was based on these species having birotule gemmoscleres, as opposed to strongyle gemmoscleres in the
<typeStatus id="548B45F6FFE69134FF33F8B9768CF884" box="[151,197,1838,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
species of
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FEEFF8B977F4F884" box="[331,445,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FEEFF8B977F3F884" box="[331,442,1838,1861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Uruguaya</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FE6DF8B975D2F884" authority="(Bowerbank, 1863)" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1863" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[457,923,1838,1861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coralliodes">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FE6DF8B974F1F884" box="[457,696,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguaya coralliodes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FD6FF8B975DAF884" author="Bowerbank" box="[715,915,1838,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1863) A Monograph of the Spongillidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1863, 440 - 472." type="proceedings paper" year="1863">Bowerbank, 1863</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Even considering the very close relationship among these species and
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FE07F8C6756EF8A6" authority="Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra" authorityName="Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra" box="[419,807,1872,1896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FE07F8C67418F8A9" box="[419,593,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Trochospongilla</emphasis>
, Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra
</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FCE8F8C77595F8A6" author="Drago" box="[844,988,1872,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bonetto, A. A. &amp; Ezcurra De Drago, I. D. (1969) Notas sistematicas sobre el genero Uruguaya Carter (Porifera, Spongillidae). Physis, 28, 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1969">Drago (1969)</bibRefCitation>
considered that differences like texture of the specimens and conformation of the skeleton justified the creation of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FC60F8E47202F84B" box="[964,1099,1907,1930]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FC60F8E47202F84B" box="[964,1099,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguayella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This opinion was ignored by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FF33F801743CF86C" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[151,629,1942,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; De Rosa-Barbosa, R. (1978) Neotropical freshwater sponges of the family Potamolepidae Brien, 1967. In: Levi, C. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (Eds), Sponge Biology. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 503 - 511." type="book chapter" year="1978">
Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE69134FECBF80177C7F86C" box="[367,398,1942,1965]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">De</collectingCountry>
Rosa-Barbosa (1978
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FD25F80174FEF86C" author="Rosa-Barbosa" box="[641,695,1942,1965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; De Rosa-Barbosa, R. (1985) Redescription of the freshwater sponges Trochospongilla repens (Hinde, 1888) and Trochospongilla amazonica (Weltner, 1895) with an account of the South American species of Trochospongilla (Porifera, Spongillidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 65, 77 - 93." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
) who classified the
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FC36F80175B7F86C" box="[914,1022,1942,1965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FC36F80175B7F86C" box="[914,1022,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species bearing birotule gemmocleres as
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FF10F82E7795F811" box="[180,476,1977,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FF10F82E7795F811" box="[180,476,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Trochospongilla amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FDABF82E7427F811" box="[527,622,1977,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FDABF82E7427F811" box="[527,622,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">T. repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also synonymizing
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FCE8F82E7208F811" box="[844,1089,1977,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macandrewi">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FCE8F82E7208F811" box="[844,1089,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Uruguaya macandrewi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FBEBF82E728AF811" box="[1103,1219,1977,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pygmea">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FBEBF82E728AF811" box="[1103,1219,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">U. pygmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FB53F82E7336F811" box="[1271,1407,1977,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ringueleti">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FB53F82E7336F811" box="[1271,1407,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">U. ringueleti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE69134FF33F84C76B5F833" box="[151,252,2011,2034]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE69134FF33F84C76B5F833" box="[151,252,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">T. repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE69134FEABF84C7405F833" author="Manconi" box="[271,588,2011,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Manconi, R. &amp; Pronzato, R. (2002) Suborder Spongillina subord. nov.: Freshwater sponges. In: J. N. A. Hooper &amp; R. W. M. van Soest (Eds), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Pub-lishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 921 - 1020." type="book chapter" year="2002">Manconi &amp; Pronzato (2002)</bibRefCitation>
complicated this situation when they maintained the validity of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FF33FF0F7757FF6E" box="[151,286,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FF33FF0F7757FF6E" box="[151,286,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Uruguayella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with all five species proposed by Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FCD8FF0F7247FF6E" author="Drago" box="[892,1038,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Bonetto, A. A. &amp; Ezcurra De Drago, I. D. (1969) Notas sistematicas sobre el genero Uruguaya Carter (Porifera, Spongillidae). Physis, 28, 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1969">Drago (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, and they did not consider the papers by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FF1DFF2D74DFFF10" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[185,662,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; De Rosa-Barbosa, R. (1978) Neotropical freshwater sponges of the family Potamolepidae Brien, 1967. In: Levi, C. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (Eds), Sponge Biology. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 503 - 511." type="book chapter" year="1978">
Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FE35FF2D77F9FF10" box="[401,432,186,209]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">De</collectingCountry>
Rosa-Barbosa (1978
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FD05FF2D7493FF10" author="Rosa-Barbosa" box="[673,730,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; De Rosa-Barbosa, R. (1985) Redescription of the freshwater sponges Trochospongilla repens (Hinde, 1888) and Trochospongilla amazonica (Weltner, 1895) with an account of the South American species of Trochospongilla (Porifera, Spongillidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 65, 77 - 93." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD49FF2D7278FF10" box="[749,1073,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD49FF2D753FFF10" box="[749,886,186,209]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Uruguayella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Uruguayella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FC27FF2D7278FF10" box="[899,1073,186,209]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trochospongilla</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FBC2FF2D729BFF10" box="[1126,1234,186,209]" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FBC2FF2D729BFF10" box="[1126,1234,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Uruguaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FA94FF2D775FFF35" class="Demospongiae" family="Potamolepidae" genus="Uruguaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallioides">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FA94FF2D775FFF35" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Uruguaya corallioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) possess birotule gemmoscleres and lack microscleres, and on the basis of these features we consider here that these genera as a junior synonyms of
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FDF2FE9774E4FED6" box="[598,685,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FDF2FE9774E0FED6" box="[598,681,256,279]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tubella</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32AA8DFFFE59137FF63FEB57234FD3D" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE59137FF63FEB57234FD3D" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
We also examined the slide of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FDABFEB5749DFEF8" box="[527,724,290,313]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Meyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FDABFEB5749DFEF8" box="[527,724,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Meyenia anonyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Amazonas River,
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FC58FEB57274FEF8" box="[1020,1085,290,313]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Brazil</collectingCountry>
deposited in the Natural History Museum London (NHM formerly
<collectionCode id="ED216391FFE59137FDA8FED27429FE9D" box="[524,608,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">BMNH</collectionCode>
), including measurements of the spicules (
<figureCitation id="130BE7D1FFE59137FB94FED27226FE9D" box="[1072,1135,325,348]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,196,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Meyenia anonyma from Amazonas River, Brazil, deposited in the Natural History Museum London: a) slide. b) Oxea megascleres. c) Oxea microscleres. d – g) Vegetal structures. h) Reproduction of Carter’s (1881) original plate illustrating M. anonyma. Scale bars: b) 150 µm, c) 40 µm, d) 180 µm, e) 170 µm, f) 75 µm, g) 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215074/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FB2CFED2769CFEBE" authority="Carter, 1881" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1881" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FB2CFED2730AFE9D" box="[1160,1347,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella anonyma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FAF6FED27684FEBE" author="Carter" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) History and Classification of the known Species of Spongilla. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 77 - 107." type="journal article" year="1881">Carter, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was described as a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD80FEFF74C9FEBE" box="[548,640,360,383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Meyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD80FEFF74C9FEBE" box="[548,640,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Meyenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based only on the description of structures resembling gemmules, which were found over the surface of a leaf. Notwithstanding that it has never had been recollected since first described, the species was mentioned in three occasions in the literature review as
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FC32FE3A7226FE05" box="[918,1135,429,452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FC32FE3A7226FE05" box="[918,1135,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Ephydatia anonyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FB3BFE3A730FFE05" author="Weltner" box="[1183,1350,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Weltner, W. (1895) Spongilliden studien III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten usswasserschwamme. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61, 114 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895">Weltner (1895)</bibRefCitation>
, and as
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FF33FE477719FE26" box="[151,336,464,487]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FF33FE477719FE26" box="[151,336,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella anonyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FEDDFE4777BAFE26" author="Gee" box="[377,499,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Gee, N. G. (1932) The genus Trochospongilla of freshwater sponges. Peking Natural History Bulletin 6, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1932">Gee (1932)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FD8CFE477481FE26" author="Penney" box="[552,712,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Penney, J. T. (1960) Distribution and bibliography (1892 - 1957) of freshwater sponges. University of South Carolina Publisher III, Columbia, 97 pp." type="book chapter" year="1960">Penney (1960)</bibRefCitation>
. Since that time it has not been mentioned. In our assessment of all records of freshwater sponge species from
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FDCDFE6574E4FDC8" box="[617,685,498,521]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, we examined Carter’s unique slide in the NHM (probably the
<typeStatus id="548B45F6FFE59137FAFAFE6573D9FDC8" box="[1374,1424,498,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
), and noted that the putative gemmule-like structures of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD79FD827510FDED" box="[733,857,533,556]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD79FD827510FDED" box="[733,857,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. anonyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were in fact vegetal material (
<figureCitation id="130BE7D1FFE59137FB39FD827291FDED" box="[1181,1240,533,556]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,196,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Meyenia anonyma from Amazonas River, Brazil, deposited in the Natural History Museum London: a) slide. b) Oxea megascleres. c) Oxea microscleres. d – g) Vegetal structures. h) Reproduction of Carter’s (1881) original plate illustrating M. anonyma. Scale bars: b) 150 µm, c) 40 µm, d) 180 µm, e) 170 µm, f) 75 µm, g) 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215074/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
a–h). This vegetal structure was described as composed of a membranous coat striated longitudinally supporting a reticulation with a central structure extremely minute, erect and conical with sharp spines (
<figureCitation id="130BE7D1FFE59137FC14FDCD75A4FDB0" box="[944,1005,602,625]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,196,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Meyenia anonyma from Amazonas River, Brazil, deposited in the Natural History Museum London: a) slide. b) Oxea megascleres. c) Oxea microscleres. d – g) Vegetal structures. h) Reproduction of Carter’s (1881) original plate illustrating M. anonyma. Scale bars: b) 150 µm, c) 40 µm, d) 180 µm, e) 170 µm, f) 75 µm, g) 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215074/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
d–g). This structure is not homologous with any
<typeStatus id="548B45F6FFE59137FF58FDEA7763FD55" box="[252,298,637,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
of spicule, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FE7CFDEA7423FD55" author="Carter" box="[472,618,637,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) History and Classification of the known Species of Spongilla. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 77 - 107." type="journal article" year="1881">Carter (1881)</bibRefCitation>
considered it to be a statoblast (gemmoscleres), which was indicative of an undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FE29FD3777BAFD76" box="[397,499,672,695]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FE29FD3777BAFD76" box="[397,499,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Spongilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and which he stated as being an accidental occurrence on the surface of another species (
<figureCitation id="130BE7D1FFE59137FF3BFD557696FD18" box="[159,223,706,729]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,196,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Meyenia anonyma from Amazonas River, Brazil, deposited in the Natural History Museum London: a) slide. b) Oxea megascleres. c) Oxea microscleres. d – g) Vegetal structures. h) Reproduction of Carter’s (1881) original plate illustrating M. anonyma. Scale bars: b) 150 µm, c) 40 µm, d) 180 µm, e) 170 µm, f) 75 µm, g) 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215074/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
h). We analyzed the slide and found the presence of megascleres and microscleres, which possibly belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FF33FD7277ADFD3D" authority="Carter, 1881" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,484,741,764]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinata">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FF33FD72770DFD3D" box="[151,324,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Metania spinata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FEF7FD727795FD3D" author="Carter" box="[339,476,741,764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) History and Classification of the known Species of Spongilla. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 77 - 107." type="journal article" year="1881">Carter, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we propose that
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD45FD7275D0FD3D" box="[737,921,741,764]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anonyma">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD45FD7275D0FD3D" box="[737,921,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella anonyma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an invalid species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32AA8DFFFE59137FF63FC9F7370FA15" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE59137FF63FC9F7321FB5D" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FF63FC9F74D5FCDE" authority="Evans, 1899" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1899" box="[199,668,776,799]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FF63FC9F77B7FCDE" box="[199,510,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Trochospongilla tanganyikae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FDA9FC9F74DAFCDE" author="Evans" box="[525,659,776,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Evans, R. (1899) A Description of two new species of Spongilla from Lake Tanganyika. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 41, 471 - 488." type="journal article" year="1899">Evans, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has been described as a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FBB3FC9F7234FCDE" box="[1047,1149,776,799]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FBB3FC9F7234FCDE" box="[1047,1149,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Spongilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Tanganyika. In the original description, Evans described megascleres as strongyles and tornotes, thickly covered with small spines, microcleres as oxeas and its gemmules lack gemmoscleres.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FCB8FCDA75FDFCA5" author="Burton" box="[796,948,845,868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Burton, M. (1938) Some Freshwater Sponges from the Belgian Congo, including descriptions of two new species from Northern Rhodesia. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 30, 458 - 468." type="journal article" year="1938">Burton (1938)</bibRefCitation>
revised
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FBB4FCDA7349FCA5" box="[1040,1280,845,868]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FBB4FCDA7349FCA5" box="[1040,1280,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Spongilla tanganyikae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described for the first time birotule gemmoscleres, and transferred this species to the genus
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FBADFCE772F7FC46" box="[1033,1214,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FBADFCE772F3FC46" box="[1033,1210,880,903]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trochospongilla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In this work he also examined
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FEA2FC0574C4FC68" authority="Martens, 1868" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1868" box="[262,653,914,937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Metania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vesparium">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FEA2FC05779FFC68" box="[262,470,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Metania vesparium</emphasis>
(Martens, 1868)
</taxonomicName>
, with which
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FCBCFC0575FFFC68" box="[792,950,914,937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FCBCFC0575FFFC68" box="[792,950,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. tanganyikae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated, and differentiated both species explaining the presence of oxea microscleres in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FC79FC227237FC0D" box="[989,1150,949,972]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FC79FC227237FC0D" box="[989,1150,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">S. tanganyikae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FB2BFC2273D5FC0D" author="Penney" box="[1167,1436,949,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Penney, J. T. &amp; Racek, A. A. (1968) Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 272. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 184 pp." type="book" year="1968">Penney &amp; Racek (1968)</bibRefCitation>
analyzed
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FF5AFC4F77C6FC2E" box="[254,399,984,1007]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="philottiana">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FF5AFC4F77C6FC2E" box="[254,399,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. philottiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and questioned the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD42FC4F75CFFC2E" box="[742,902,984,1007]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD42FC4F75CFFC2E" box="[742,902,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. tanganyikae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on account of its features from records made by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FF33FC6D7766FBD0" author="Evans" box="[151,303,1018,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Evans, R. (1899) A Description of two new species of Spongilla from Lake Tanganyika. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 41, 471 - 488." type="journal article" year="1899">Evans (1899)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FEE5FC6D7458FBD0" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[321,529,1018,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1906) Report on the Porifera, with notes on species from the Nile and Zambesi. Zoological results of the third Tanganyika Expedition. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 218 - 227." type="journal article" year="1906">Kirkpatrick (1906)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FDF6FC6D74B9FBD0" author="Burton" box="[594,752,1018,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Burton, M. (1938) Some Freshwater Sponges from the Belgian Congo, including descriptions of two new species from Northern Rhodesia. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 30, 458 - 468." type="journal article" year="1938">Burton (1938)</bibRefCitation>
from African specimens (
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FB86FC6D7226FBD0" box="[1058,1135,1018,1041]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Congo</collectingCountry>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FB23FC6D73D5FBD0" author="Penney" box="[1159,1436,1018,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Penney, J. T. &amp; Racek, A. A. (1968) Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 272. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 184 pp." type="book" year="1968">Penney &amp; Racek (1968)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that these records are a typical
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FDC9FB8A7548FBF5" box="[621,769,1053,1076]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="philottiana">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FDC9FB8A7548FBF5" box="[621,769,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. philottiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was also reported from
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FBCEFB8A72EAFBF5" box="[1130,1187,1053,1076]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FB16FB8A72BBFBF5" box="[1202,1266,1053,1076]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">China</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FA89FB8A73D1FBF5" box="[1325,1432,1053,1076]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. Although these species have similar features,
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD32FBD7757FFB96" box="[662,822,1088,1111]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD32FBD7757FFB96" box="[662,822,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. tanganyikae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described before
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FB90FBD7728EFB96" box="[1076,1223,1088,1111]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="philottiana">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FB90FBD7728EFB96" box="[1076,1223,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. philottiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, demonstrating the misconception proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FE63FBF57486FBB8" author="Penney" box="[455,719,1122,1145]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Penney, J. T. &amp; Racek, A. A. (1968) Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 272. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, 184 pp." type="book" year="1968">Penney &amp; Racek (1968)</bibRefCitation>
. Because these species have disjunct populations, we consider the African specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FE25FB127458FB5D" box="[385,529,1157,1180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="philottiana">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FE25FB127458FB5D" box="[385,529,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. philottiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FCA4FB1275D5FB5D" box="[768,924,1157,1180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FCA4FB1275D5FB5D" box="[768,924,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. tanganyikae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and Asian specimens should be reviewed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE59137FF63FB3F75EDFAC5" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FE3BFB3F77F7FB7E" box="[415,446,1192,1215]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">De</collectingCountry>
Rosa Barbosa (1985) considered
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FC8AFB3F721FFB7E" box="[814,1110,1192,1215]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FC8AFB3F721FFB7E" box="[814,1110,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Trochospongilla tenuissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as ecomorphic variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FA2CFB3F76A8FB23" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FA2CFB3F76A8FB23" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FEC4FB5D7452FB20" box="[352,539,1226,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Van Soest, R. (2012) Trochospongilla Vejdovsky, 1888. In: Van Soest, R. W. M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K, de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2012) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R. W. M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K, de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2012) World Porifera database at http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera .. / porifera. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 167255 on 2012 - 03 - 01." type="journal article">Van Soest (2012)</bibRefCitation>
lists
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FDFCFB5D74AEFB20" box="[600,743,1226,1249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FDFCFB5D74AEFB20" box="[600,743,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. tenuissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species. Here, we agree with Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F327BBC4FFE59137FAD9FB5D73D5FB20" box="[1405,1436,1226,1249]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">De</collectingCountry>
Rosa Barbosa (1985) and propose
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FDA3FB7A74DAFAC5" box="[519,659,1261,1284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FDA3FB7A74DAFAC5" box="[519,659,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. tenuissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synomym
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FC9DFB7A75D4FAC5" box="[825,925,1261,1284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Trochospongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FC9DFB7A75D4FAC5" box="[825,925,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8FFB54FFE59137FF63FA877370FA15" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
From this analysis,
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FE06FA8777BBFAE6" box="[418,498,1296,1319]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FE06FA8777BBFAE6" box="[418,498,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently has 16 valid species:
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FCFCFA877294FAE6" authority="Weltner, 1895" authorityName="Weltner" authorityYear="1895" box="[856,1245,1296,1319]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FCFCFA87726FFAE6" box="[856,1062,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella amazonica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FB92FA87729CFAE6" author="Weltner" box="[1078,1237,1296,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Weltner, W. (1895) Spongilliden studien III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten usswasserschwamme. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61, 114 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895">Weltner, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FB48FA8773D5FAE6" box="[1260,1436,1296,1319]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FB48FA8773D5FAE6" box="[1260,1436,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella delicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de Drago, 1967);
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD98FAA57586FA88" authority="Bowerbank, 1863" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1863" box="[572,975,1330,1353]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gregaria">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD98FAA574B8FA88" box="[572,753,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella gregaria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FCA6FAA57581FA88" author="Bowerbank" box="[770,968,1330,1353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1863) A Monograph of the Spongillidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1863, 440 - 472." type="proceedings paper" year="1863">Bowerbank, 1863</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FC79FAA57377FA88" authority="Weltner, 1893" authorityName="Weltner" authorityYear="1893" box="[989,1342,1330,1353]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FC79FAA572CEFA88" box="[989,1159,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella horrida</emphasis>
(Weltner, 1893)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FAE8FAA5777AFAAD" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lanzamirandai">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FAE8FAA5777AFAAD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella lanzamirandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de Drago, 1964);
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD68FAC2723AFAAD" authority="Annandale, 1907" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1907" box="[716,1139,1365,1388]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latouchiana">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD68FAC275EBFAAD" box="[716,930,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella latouchiana</emphasis>
(Annandale, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FBDAFAC27691FA4E" authority="Bowerbank, 1863" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1863" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leidii">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FBDAFAC27342FAAD" box="[1150,1291,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella leidii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FABDFAC27699FA4E" author="Bowerbank" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1863) A Monograph of the Spongillidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1863, 440 - 472." type="proceedings paper" year="1863">Bowerbank, 1863</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FF40FAEF7455FA4E" authority="Potts, 1887" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1887" box="[228,540,1400,1423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FF40FAEF77CFFA4E" box="[228,390,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella minuta</emphasis>
(Potts, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD8CFAEF75E4FA4E" authority="Bowerbank, 1863" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1863" box="[552,941,1400,1423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paulula">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD8CFAEF7498FA4E" box="[552,721,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella paulula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FD45FAEF75ECFA4E" author="Bowerbank" box="[737,933,1400,1423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1863) A Monograph of the Spongillidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1863, 440 - 472." type="proceedings paper" year="1863">Bowerbank, 1863</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FC1DFAEF7309FA4E" authority="Potts, 1882" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1882" box="[953,1344,1400,1423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FC1DFAEF72E0FA4E" box="[953,1193,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella pennsylvanica</emphasis>
(Potts, 1882)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FAE8FAEF77F9FA70" authority="Racek, 1969" authorityName="Racek" authorityYear="1969" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="petrophila">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FAE8FAEF774CFA70" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella petrophila</emphasis>
(Racek, 1969)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FE1BFA0D7510FA70" authority="Annandale, 1907" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1907" box="[447,857,1434,1457]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="philottiana">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FE1BFA0D74D9FA70" box="[447,656,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella philottiana</emphasis>
Annandale, 1907
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FCCDFA0D72FDFA70" authority="Hinde, 1888" authorityName="Hinde" authorityYear="1888" box="[873,1204,1434,1457]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FCCDFA0D7242FA70" box="[873,1035,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella repens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FBBAFA0D72E5FA70" author="Hinde" box="[1054,1196,1434,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Hinde, G. J. (1888) On some new Species of Uruguaya, Carter, with Remarks on the Genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1888">Hinde, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FB60FA0D777DFA15" authority="Cheng, 1991" authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1991" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="singpuensis">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FB60FA0D73D2FA70" box="[1220,1435,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella singpuensis</emphasis>
(Cheng, 1991)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FE9BFA2A74FDFA15" authority="Evans, 1899" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1899" box="[319,692,1469,1492]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FE9BFA2A745EFA15" box="[319,535,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella tanganyikae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA186A5FFE59137FD82FA2A74E5FA15" author="Evans" box="[550,684,1469,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Evans, R. (1899) A Description of two new species of Spongilla from Lake Tanganyika. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 41, 471 - 488." type="journal article" year="1899">Evans, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3080D7FFE59137FD4CFA2A75EDFA15" box="[744,932,1469,1492]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9442746FFE59137FD4CFA2A75EDFA15" box="[744,932,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tubella variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de Drago, 1973).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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