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<document id="470D0065713B3DD02E05CB45D2218D23" ID-CLB-Dataset="31532" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1049440" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8abda63-6fc9-4569-8e0a-1dca46e0a8eb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1049440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510740273741" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="SURESH P. BENJAMIN" docDate="2011" docId="03978793FFAFE12841E6FA8DFEFE0C0B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03080p108.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3080" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pharta Thorell 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFAEFFEBFFBFE1394171FF91FFE10E37" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae)" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698484779205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FB760C9063E58F0248F71BD19CE023CE">Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A18CE27DCF5A037433A8208F2B455F06">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03978793FFAFE12841E6FA8DFEFE0C0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6186525" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137306802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6186525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03978793FFAFE12841E6FA8DFEFE0C0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03978793FFAFE12841E6FA8DFEFE0C0B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C324650EFFAFE12941E6FA8DFE0F0B01" box="[151,494,1308,1334]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAFE12941E6FA8DFE0F0B01" blockId="16.[151,494,1308,1334]" box="[151,494,1308,1334]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0C981E9FFAFE12941E6FA8DFE0F0B01" bold="true" box="[151,494,1308,1334]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12941E6FA8DFE0F0B01" bold="true" box="[151,494,1308,1334]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE129419FFA8DFE0F0B01" ID-CoL="6MWT" ID-ENA="635302" authority="Thorell, 1891" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[238,494,1308,1334]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129419FFA8DFEA00B01" bold="true" box="[238,321,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pharta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE1294036FA8DFE0F0B01" author="Thorell" box="[327,494,1308,1334]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien, etc. Konglige Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324650EFFAFE12941E6FAF2FEAF0BA8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAFE12941E6FAF2FEAF0BA8" blockId="16.[151,685,1378,1439]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12941E6FAF2FED50B4C" bold="true" box="[151,308,1378,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54858827FFAFE12941E6FAF2FF330B4C" box="[151,210,1379,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE129404AFAF2FD4C0B4C" authority="Thorell, 1891" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[315,685,1379,1403]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129404AFAF2FDEF0B4C" box="[315,526,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pharta bimaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE1294364FAF2FD4C0B4C" author="Thorell" box="[533,685,1379,1403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien, etc. Konglige Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAFE12941E6FA16FF3D0BA8" box="[151,220,1415,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[165,1386,200,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1395,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of Thomisidae. A Borboropactus bituberculatus (MNHN 5460 / 1572); B Borboropactus squalidus (MNHN 5045 / 1572); C Cebrenninus rugosus (MNHN 8652 / 1572), prosoma; D Stephanopis cambridgei (SMNH 1163); E lectotype of Pharta bimaculata (SMNH 1167); F C. rugosus, opisthosoma; G S. cambridgei (SMNH 1163), epigynum; H Epidius lyriger (13705); I Epidius rubropictus (MNHN 22347)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049450/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 5</figureCitation>
E, 48A–D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324650EFFAFE12941E6FA5EFBEF08A7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAFE12941E6FA5EFB9B0BD2" blockId="16.[151,1429,1487,1539]" box="[151,1146,1487,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E11ABFFAFE12941E6FA5EFB9B0BD2" box="[151,1146,1487,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12941E6FA5EFE760BD2" ID-CoL="6MWT" authority="Thorell, 1891: 85" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,407,1487,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12941E6FA5EFF3C0BD2" box="[151,221,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pharta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F1094FFAFE1294195FA5EFE760BD2" author="Thorell" box="[228,407,1487,1509]" page="85" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE1294195FA5EFE900BD3" author="Thorell" box="[228,369,1487,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien, etc. Konglige Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 85
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54858827FFAFE12940D0FA41FE320BD2" box="[417,467,1488,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
species by monotypy
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12943C4FA5EFBE70BD3" ID-CoL="4FVKY" authority="Thorell, 1891" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[693,1030,1487,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12943C4FA5EFC950BD2" box="[693,884,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pharta bimaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE129420BFA5EFBE70BD3" author="Thorell" box="[890,1030,1487,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien, etc. Konglige Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAFE12941E6FA7FFA740834" blockId="16.[151,1429,1487,1539]" box="[151,1429,1517,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E11ABFFAFE12941E6FA7FFA740834" box="[151,1429,1517,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12941E6FA7FFDE80834" authority="Song and Kim, 1992: 142" authorityName="Song and Kim" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,521,1517,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Sanmenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12941E6FA7FFF1A0834" box="[151,251,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sanmenia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F1094FFAFE1294070FA7FFDE80834" author="Song" box="[257,521,1517,1539]" page="142" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE1294070FA7FFE360834" author="Song" box="[257,471,1517,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Song, D. &amp; Kim, J. P. (1992) A new species of crab spider from China, with description of a new genus (Araneae: Thomisidae). Korean Arachnology, 7, 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Song and Kim, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 142
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54858827FFAFE1294363FA7FFDA50834" box="[530,580,1518,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
species by original designation
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12942FBFA7FFB020834" authority="Ono and Song, 1986" authorityName="Ono and Song" authorityYear="1986" box="[906,1251,1517,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Cupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhengi">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12942FBFA7FFBE80834" box="[906,1033,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cupa zhengi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE1294561FA7FFB020834" author="Ono" box="[1040,1251,1517,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Ono, H. &amp; Song, D. X. (1986) A new Sino-Japanese species of the genus Cupa (Araneae: Thomisidae) from the coastal areas of the East China Sea. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A (Zoology), 12, 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="1986">Ono and Song, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129459DFA7FFA6E0834" bold="true" box="[1260,1423,1518,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New synonymy</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAFE12941E6F9BEFBEF08A7" blockId="16.[151,1436,1583,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12941E6F9BEFEFB087F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1583,1608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synonymy.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54858827FFAFE129402BF9A0FE6B087E" box="[346,394,1585,1609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
species of
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294360F9A0FCC1087F" box="[529,800,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294360F9A0FD63087F" box="[529,642,1585,1608]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Sanmenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sanmenia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12943E1F9A0FCC1087F" box="[656,800,1584,1608]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Cupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhengi">Cupa zhengi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is here considered a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE129458BF9A0FED8085B" ID-CoL="4FVKZ" authority="Simon, 1903" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129458BF9A0FA7D087F" box="[1274,1436,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. brevipalpus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE12941EEF9C5FED1085B" author="Simon" box="[159,304,1620,1644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Simon, E. (1903) Etudes arachnologiques. 33 e Memoire. LIII. Arachnides recueillis a Phuc-Son (Annam) par M. H. Fruhstorfer (nov. - dec. 1899). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 71, 725 - 736." type="journal article" year="1903">Simon, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129404EF9C4FE5E085A" bold="true" box="[319,447,1621,1645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957ECFFAFE129404EF9C4FE5E085A" box="[319,447,1621,1645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. Illustrations of the
<typeStatus id="54858827FFAFE12943D3F9C4FD33085A" box="[674,722,1621,1645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294202F9C4FBE1085B" box="[883,1024,1620,1644]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Cupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhengi">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294202F9C4FBE1085B" box="[883,1024,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cupa zhengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAFE129455BF9C5FAFA085B" author="Ono" box="[1066,1307,1620,1644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Ono, H. &amp; Song, D. X. (1986) A new Sino-Japanese species of the genus Cupa (Araneae: Thomisidae) from the coastal areas of the East China Sea. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A (Zoology), 12, 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="1986">Ono and Song (1986)</bibRefCitation>
unambiguously match the
<typeStatus id="54858827FFAFE129403EF9E8FE9E08A6" box="[335,383,1657,1681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12940D5F9E8FDA208A7" ID-CoL="4FVKZ" box="[420,579,1656,1680]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12940D5F9E8FDA208A7" box="[420,579,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. brevipalpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by me; see below for details..
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324650EFFAFE12841B6F90DFEA70F08" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAFE12841B6F90DFEA70F08" blockId="16.[151,1436,1583,2005]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12941B6F90DFEA00882" bold="true" box="[199,321,1692,1717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Diagnosed by the presence of posterior epigynal pockets and oval spermatheca. Further,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE129443FF90DFA7D0883" box="[1358,1436,1692,1716]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129443FF90DFA7D0883" box="[1358,1436,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pharta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be separated from all thomisids except for
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12943B1F951FC4808EF" box="[704,937,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12943B1F951FCA608EF" box="[704,839,1728,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Ascurisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ascurisoma</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294222F951FC4808EF" box="[851,937,1728,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epidius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12942C9F951FBA708EF" box="[952,1094,1728,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Cebrenninus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12942C9F951FBA708EF" box="[952,1094,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cebrenninus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE129450FF950FB0408EF" box="[1150,1253,1729,1752]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129450FF950FB0408EF" box="[1150,1253,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geraesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a macro-trichobothrium on the palpal tibia and serrated tarsal setae. Separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE129452CF975FB5208CB" box="[1117,1203,1764,1788]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE129452CF975FB5208CB" box="[1117,1203,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Epidius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of an elongated male palp tibia (tibia is longer than the cymbium in
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294215F899FC580917" box="[868,953,1800,1824]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294215F899FC580917" box="[868,953,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Epidius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAFE12942BBF899FBF40917" box="[970,1045,1800,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 35. A, B" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,195,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[151,1436,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 35. A, B Epidius typicus (SMF 4246). A epigynum, ventral view; B vulva, ventral view. C, D, E Epidius rubropictus. C right male palp, ventral view (MNHN 22347); D – E female from Sumatra (D epigynum, ventral view, E vulva, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049510/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 35</figureCitation>
C) and the absence of 4 to 6 thick long spines on the distal margin of the tibia of the male palp (
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAFE129422BF8BDFC470973" box="[858,934,1836,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 35. A, B" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,195,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[151,1436,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 35. A, B Epidius typicus (SMF 4246). A epigynum, ventral view; B vulva, ventral view. C, D, E Epidius rubropictus. C right male palp, ventral view (MNHN 22347); D – E female from Sumatra (D epigynum, ventral view, E vulva, ventral view). Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049510/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 35</figureCitation>
C, 36A–C). Separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294596F8BDFA8A0973" box="[1255,1387,1836,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Ascurisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294596F8BDFA8A0973" box="[1255,1387,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascurisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12941E6F8C1FEC4095F" box="[151,293,1872,1896]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Cebrenninus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12941E6F8C1FEC4095F" box="[151,293,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cebrenninus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a free embolus that originates at the center of the bulb, presence of a SDT inward turn in the male palp as well as the proportionately much larger cephalic area in
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294537F8E5FB2B09BB" box="[1094,1226,1908,1932]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Ascurisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294537F8E5FB2B09BB" box="[1094,1226,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascurisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294476F8E5FA7409BB" box="[1287,1429,1908,1932]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Cebrenninus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294476F8E5FA7409BB" box="[1287,1429,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cebrenninus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294068F809FE7C0987" box="[281,413,1944,1968]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Ascurisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294068F809FE7C0987" box="[281,413,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascurisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE12940A2F809FD800987" box="[467,609,1944,1968]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Cebrenninus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE12940A2F809FD800987" box="[467,609,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cebrenninus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294212F809FC500987" box="[867,945,1944,1968]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294212F809FC500987" box="[867,945,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pharta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of large globular spermathecae that lack CD in the latter two genera. Separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAFE1294254F82CFC6D09E3" box="[805,908,1981,2004]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAFE1294254F82CFC6D09E3" box="[805,908,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geraesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a pair of trichobothria on the dorsal surface of the cymbium of the male palp that is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE128420BFF09FC000E98" box="[890,993,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE128420BFF09FC000E98" box="[890,993,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geraesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAEE1284281FF06FBDC0E98" box="[1008,1085,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1811,1834]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,202,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 45. Scanning electron micrographs of Geraesta mkwawa sp. nov. (USNM). A – D, F male palp (A prolateral, B, D ventral, C, F retrolateral); E cymbium, dorsal view. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049530/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 45</figureCitation>
E). Females could be separated from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE1284044FF2CFE7D0EE3" box="[309,412,189,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE1284044FF2CFE7D0EE3" box="[309,412,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geraesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a scapus (cf.
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAEE128438EFF2DFCB40EE3" box="[767,853,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[169,1426,203,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 42. Geraesta lehtineni sp. nov. (CASENT 9015689). A – B right male palp (A ventral, B retrolateral); C epigynum, ventral view; D vulva, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (D, E), 0.2 mm (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049524/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 42</figureCitation>
C, 46D, showing the scapus in
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE12845DEFF2CFAF70EE3" box="[1199,1302,189,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Geraesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12845DEFF2CFAF70EE3" box="[1199,1302,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geraesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE12841A4FF71FE9D0ECF" box="[213,380,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Borboropactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12841A4FF71FE9D0ECF" box="[213,380,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Borboropactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of the following characters found in males and females of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE12845B8FF71FF040F2B" authority="Cshaped" authorityName="Cshaped" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Borboropactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12845B8FF71FA910ECF" box="[1225,1392,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Borboropactus</emphasis>
: Cshaped
</taxonomicName>
spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAEE12840F6FE95FE300F2B" box="[391,465,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 18. Borboropactus cinerascens (MHNG). A. male palp (A ventral, B prolateral, C retrolateral); D epigynum, ventral view; E vulva, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (D, E), 0.5 mm (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049476/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 18</figureCitation>
E), the unique sensory patch on tarsi (
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAEE1284208FE95FC2E0F2B" box="[889,975,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,204,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,193,1548]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Scanning electron micrographs of Borboropactus nyerere sp. nov. (USNM), female. A, B Chelicera; C – F left leg 1 (C, D dorsal, E, F lateral). Scale bars = 10 µm (D,) 100 µm (A – C, E, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 24</figureCitation>
C–E), canoe-shaped tapetum and straight PER (
<figureCitation id="13052A00FFAEE12841A8FEB6FEC70F08" box="[217,294,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1105,1128]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,200,1079]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Scanning electron micrographs of Borboropactus nyerere sp. nov. (USNM). A, C, D prosoma (A ventral, C dorsal, D details); B Sternum, detail. Scale bars = 10 µm (D), 100 µm (B), 1 mm (A, C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1049490/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 26</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324650EFFAEE12841B6FEDAFD120FC3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAEE12841B6FEDAFE040FB0" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12841B6FEDAFEB80F53" bold="true" box="[199,345,331,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</emphasis>
This genus is well described under its older name
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE12842FFFEDCFC1D0F53" box="[910,1020,333,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Sanmenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12842FFFEDCFC1D0F53" box="[910,1020,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sanmenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE128457AFEDDFB9F0F53" author="Ono" box="[1035,1150,332,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Ono, H. (1995) Four East Asian spiders of the families Eresidae, Araneidae, Thomisidae and Salticidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the national science museum, Series A (Zoology), 21, 157 - 156." type="book chapter" year="1995">Ono 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE12845FBFEDDFAB80F53" author="Ono" box="[1162,1369,332,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Ono, H. &amp; Song, D. X. (1986) A new Sino-Japanese species of the genus Cupa (Araneae: Thomisidae) from the coastal areas of the East China Sea. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A (Zoology), 12, 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="1986">Ono &amp; Song 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Tang
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12841E6FEE0FF2E0FBF" box="[151,207,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2009;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE128406DFEE1FE380FB0" author="Yang" box="[284,473,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Yang, Z. Z., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Song, D. X. (2006) A new species of the genus Sanmenia Song &amp; Kim, 1992 (Araneae, Thomisidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa, 1151, 41 - 46." type="journal article" year="2006">
Yang
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE128402CFEE0FE770FBF" box="[349,406,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAEE12841B6FE02FD120FC3" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12841B6FE02FE870F9B" bold="true" box="[199,358,403,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Composition.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE128401CFE05FD020F9B" authority="Thorell, 1891" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[365,739,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE128401CFE05FDA10F9B" box="[365,576,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pharta bimaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE1284336FE05FD020F9B" author="Thorell" box="[583,739,404,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien, etc. Konglige Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE128439FFE05FB8E0F9B" authority="Simon, 1903" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[750,1135,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE128439FFE05FC270F9B" box="[750,966,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pharta brevipalpus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE12842A4FE05FB860F9B" author="Simon" box="[981,1127,404,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Simon, E. (1903) Etudes arachnologiques. 33 e Memoire. LIII. Arachnides recueillis a Phuc-Son (Annam) par M. H. Fruhstorfer (nov. - dec. 1899). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 71, 725 - 736." type="journal article" year="1903">Simon, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE1284507FE05FB160F9B" bold="true" box="[1142,1271,404,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957ECFFAEE1284507FE05FB160F9B" box="[1142,1271,404,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE1284477FE05FE1F0FF8" authority="Yang, Zhu &amp;Song, 2006" authorityName="Yang, Zhu &amp;Song" authorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gongshan" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE1284477FE05FF2D0FE7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pharta gongshan</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE12841ADFE26FE160FF8" author="Yang" box="[220,503,439,463]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Yang, Z. Z., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Song, D. X. (2006) A new species of the genus Sanmenia Song &amp; Kim, 1992 (Araneae, Thomisidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa, 1151, 41 - 46." type="journal article" year="2006">Yang, Zhu &amp;Song, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE1284376FE29FD680FE7" bold="true" box="[519,649,440,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957ECFFAEE1284376FE29FD680FE7" box="[519,649,440,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE12843EBFE29FB520FF8" authority="Tang, Griswold and Peng, 2009" authorityName="Tang, Griswold and Peng" authorityYear="2009" box="[666,1203,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12843EBFE29FCCD0FE7" box="[666,812,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pharta nigra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE128424FFE26FB4A0FF8" author="Tang" box="[830,1195,439,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Tang, G., Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J. &amp; Griswold, C. E. (2009) Six crab spiders of the subfamily Stephanopinae from southeast Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Tang, Griswold and Peng, 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12845CAFE29FADF0FE7" bold="true" box="[1211,1342,440,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957ECFFAEE12845CAFE29FADF0FE7" box="[1211,1342,440,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D06FFAEE128443FFE29FD840FC3" authority="Tang, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009" authorityName="Tang, Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Pharta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tengchong" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE128443FFE29FEED0FC3" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pharta tengchong</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE128406BFE4DFDBF0FC3" author="Tang" box="[282,606,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Tang, G., Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J. &amp; Griswold, C. E. (2009) Six crab spiders of the subfamily Stephanopinae from southeast Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Tang, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE128431DFE4DFD0C0FC3" bold="true" box="[620,749,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957ECFFAEE128431DFE4DFD0C0FC3" box="[620,749,476,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324650EFFAEE12841B6FE6EFEFE0C0B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B813685FFAEE12841B6FE6EFEFE0C0B" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12841B6FE6EFEB80C2F" bold="true" box="[199,345,511,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3297615FFAEE1284017FD91FE540C20" box="[358,437,512,535]" name="Myanmar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Burma</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3297615FFAEE12840B1FE6EFDE70C20" box="[448,518,511,535]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3297615FFAEE1284360FD91FDB50C20" box="[529,596,512,535]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3297615FFAEE128432FFE6EFD330C20" box="[606,722,511,535]" name="Singapore" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3297615FFAEE12843ACFE6EFCDD0C20" box="[733,828,511,535]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE1284238FE6EFC5C0C20" author="Ono" box="[841,957,511,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Ono, H. (1995) Four East Asian spiders of the families Eresidae, Araneidae, Thomisidae and Salticidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the national science museum, Series A (Zoology), 21, 157 - 156." type="book chapter" year="1995">Ono 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B74FFAEE12842B9FE6EFB740C20" author="Ono" box="[968,1173,511,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Ono, H. &amp; Song, D. X. (1986) A new Sino-Japanese species of the genus Cupa (Araneae: Thomisidae) from the coastal areas of the East China Sea. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A (Zoology), 12, 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="1986">Ono &amp; Song 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Tang
<emphasis id="B94AEA97FFAEE12845AFFD90FAF70C2F" box="[1246,1302,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2009;
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2006
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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