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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4366e50-a271-44c0-bdef-b52c8cad0b85" ID-PMC="PMC3560839" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-252-1" ID-PubMed="23378811" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-252-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 252" ModsDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" checkinTime="1451247847790" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bond, Jason E." docDate="2012" docId="060AA4390C1A66D7E34A4DFD53DDF9A2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 252: 1-209" docOrigin="ZooKeys 252" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" docTitle="Aptostichus stanfordianus Smith 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFAD871BFFD4FF8CFFED1A5CFFE7FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" masterLastPageNumber="209" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668155039594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>252</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-252-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039306" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:060AA4390C1A66D7E34A4DFD53DDF9A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/060AA4390C1A66D7E34A4DFD53DDF9A2" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="‘The Stanford Hills Trapdoor Spider’" authority="Smith, 1908" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1908" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">Aptostichus</pageBreakToken>
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stanfordianus Smith, 1908
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</taxonomicName>
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Figures 106-114Map 10, 11
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1908: 221. Female holotype, specimen no. 102 deposited in the Entomological Museum of Stanford University, presumed lost.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Specimens described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="207 - 236" title="A preliminary study of the Araneae Theraphosidae of California." volume="1" year="1908">Smith (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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and deposited in the "Entomological Museum of Stanford University" have long been considered to be lost (e.g., Coyle 1974). To clarify the taxonomic status of the species, I designate herein a neotype because the name-bearing type specimen is believed to no longer exist. Female neotype(MY3248; EU570032, EU569895) designated from California, San Mateo Co., Hwy 92, 1.5km E of HWY 1, 37.48452, -122.39926 1, elev. 76m, coll. A. Stockman 2.vi.05, deposited in AUMNH. Based on the evidence,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Smith’s">Smith's</normalizedToken>
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(1908) drawings and documentation of locality data for the species, I am reasonably confident that designation of this specimen as the neotype is consistent with what is known of the former name-bearing type. The locality from which the neotype was collected is ~20km to the west of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Smith’s">Smith's</normalizedToken>
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type locality, described as "Stanford Estate" near Stanford University; considerable development has occurred in this region over the last century and specimens from the direct vicinity of Stanford University are not available. Smith noted collecting specimens, for the series on which
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
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was described, from points to the west below ~121m in elevation. The carapace length and width for the neotype are noted in the variation section below (enclosed in brackets []) and a complete set of measurements are archived in the Dryad Data Repository at doi: 10.5061/dryad.3b95n; specimen coloration is similar to that illustrated in figure 110. As noted above, GenBank accession numbers EU570032 (12S-tRNA-val-16S) and EU569895 (18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) are attributed to this specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Individuals of this species are particularly difficult to distinguish morphologically (Figs 106-112) from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
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specimens but were diagnosed on the basis of a unique set of mtDNA nucleotide substitutions documented in Bond and Stockman (2008; but see discussion below). The species is separated geographically from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
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by the Salinas River Valley and is found only in inland habitats whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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is found in coastal dunes.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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is much lighter in color than
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 106, 110, 113, 114).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Female described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" pagination="207 - 236" title="A preliminary study of the Araneae Theraphosidae of California." volume="1" year="1908">Smith (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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United States: California: Alameda Co.: Alameda, 37.7652, -122.2416 6, 4m, E Kools 1.i.94 [AP1277, 1♀, CAS]; Berkeley, 37.8776, -122.266 6, 87m, 21.x.53 [AP251, 1♀, CAS]; J Doyen 10.x.72 [AP296, 1♀, AMNH]; Del Valle Regional Park, 37.5889, -121.6959 5, 249m, M Thompson, 1.xi.81 [AP609, 1♀, CAS]; Lake del Valle St Recreational Area, Campsite #53, 37.5722, -121.69 1, 218m, A Stockman 12.v.05 [MY3091, 1juv, AUMNH]; Colusa Co.: Bear Valley Rd, 3.2km NW
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<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">intersection</pageBreakToken>
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hwy 20, 39.0204, -122.3897 1, 396m, J Bond, M Hedin 12.i.02 [MY282-84, 3juv, AUMNH]; Contra Costa Co.: 0.8km E of S Gate of Mount Diablo State Park, 37.853, -121.9291 5, 532m, P Hird 7.ii.47 [AP171, 1♂, AMNH]; Orinda Village, San Pablo Ridge below Eureka Peak, 37.8801, -122.2102 5, 335m, E Schlinger 13.xi.70 [AP162, 1♂, CAS]; Tilden Park, 37.9024, -122.2471 3, 325m, J Fraser 24.x.80 [AP501, 1♂, AMNH]; Briones Rd, near Bear Creek Rd, 37.9693, -122.1571 1, 134m, A Stockman 15.vi.05 [MY3371, 1♀, AUMNH]; Morgan Territory Rd, 3.5km S Marsh Creek Rd, 37.8794, -121.8653 1, 235m, A Stockman 12.v.05 [MY3085, 3086, 2♀, AUMNH]; Briones Regional Park, Alhambra Creek Staging Creek, 37.9537, -122.1250 1, 120m, M Hedin, J Starrett, D Carlson, R Keith, H Wood, J Ledford 31.iii.2010 [MY3815, 1♀, AUMNH]; Fresno Co.: Hwy 198, 35.2km E HWY 25, 36.0962, -120.5249 1, 464m, A Stockman 9.vi.05 [MY3305, 1♀, AUMNH]; Marin Co.: Kentfield, 37.9533, -122.5578 6, 69m, B Hopey 19.vi.36 [AP271, 1♀, AMNH]; Ridge between San Anselmo & San Rafael, 37.994, -122.558 5, 180m, L Freihofer 13.xi.76 [AP160, 1♂, CAS]; Tamalpais St Park, 37.9231, -122.5958 5, 750m, M Bentzien 18.xi.68 [AP1275, 1♀, SCW]; N San Pedro Rd at Pt San Pedro Rd, 37.9974, -122.4571 1, 20m, A Stockman 15.vi.05 [MY3357, 1juv, AUMNH; MY3358, 1♀, CAS]; Merced Co.: Dinosaur Pt Rd, 0.8km SE HWY 152, 37.0649, -121.2102 1, 412m, A Stockman 7.vi.05 [MY3284, 1juv, AUMNH]; Dinosaur Pt Rd, 2.7km SE of Hwy 152, 37.067, -121.1941 1 305m, A Stockman 7.vi.05 [MY3279, 1juv, AUMNH]; Monterey Co.: Hwy 198, 10.9km E Hwy 25, 36.1988, -120.7381 1, 696m, A Stockman 9.vi.05 [MY3308, 1♀, 12juv, AUMNH]; Maher Rd, ~2.4km S San Miguel Canyon Rd, 36.8333, -121.6761 1, 52m, A Stockman 11.vi.05 [MY3325-27, 3♀, AUMNH]; San Juan Canyon S Salinas, 36.8307, -121.5377 1, 102m, J Bond 8.xii.05 [MY3464, 3465, 2♀, AUMNH]; Napa Co.: Chiles Pope Valley Rd, just S Pope Valley, 38.5963, -122.3997 1, 250m, M Hedin, J Ledford 31.i.08 [MY3639, 1juv, AUMNH]; Hwy 121, 1.9km S jct w/Hwy 128 at Moskowite Corners, along Capel Creek, 38.432, -122.2073 1, 250m, M Hedin, J Ledford 31.i.08 [MY3640, 1♂, AUMNH]; N side Howell Mountain, 38.5998, -122.4392 5, 235m, H Leech 3.xi.83 [AP414, 1♂, CAS]; Hwy 128, 3.2km W Monticello Dam, 38.4952, -122.1236 1, 143m, A Stockman 13.vi.05 [MY3342, 1♀, AUMNH]; San Benito Co.: ~2.25km from Pinnacles Natl Monument entrance, 36.4872, -121.2233 1, 502m, J Bond 7.v.97 [AP779-81, 2♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; ~2km before Pinnacles Natl Monument entrance, 36.4544, -121.2219 1, 470m, J Bond 3.iv.96 [AP717, 738, 1♀, 1juv, AUMNH; AP734, 1♀, CAS]; ~6km from Pinnacles Natl Monument entrance Hwy 146, 36.4323, -121.2275 1, 4m, J Bond, W Bond 27.vii.08 [MY3740, 1♀, AUMNH]; Pinnacles Natl Monument, 36.4872, -121.2066 1, 475m, J Bond 3.iv.96 [AP731, 1juv, AUMNH]; Pinnacles Natl Monument, ~2.25km from entrance, 36.4873, -121.2233 1, 475m, J Bond 3.iv.96 [AP747, 1♀, AUMNH]; Pinnacles Natl Monument, W Chaparral ranger station, 36.4893, -121.2119 1, 439.9m, J Starrett 1.vii.03 [MY2272, 1♀, AUMNH]; San Juan Canyon Rd/G1, 17km S Hwy 156, near Fremont Peak SP entrance, 36.7602, -121.502 4, 850m, A Stockman 7.vi.05 [MY3291, 1♀, AUMNH]; San Juan Canyon Rd vic. Fremont Peak St Park, 36.7858, -121.4607 1, 549m, M Hedin, P Paquin, J
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<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">Starrett</pageBreakToken>
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5.iv.03 [MY731, 1♀, AUMNH]; Hwy 25, N Hwy 146, ~2.4km N Gloria Rd, 36.5796, -121.1906 1, 398m, A Stockman 8.v.05 [MY3301, 1♀, AUMNH]; San Juan Canyon Rd/G1, 3.2km S Hwy 156, 36.8166, -121.5264 1, 130m, A Stockman 8.vi.05 [MY3295-97, 2♀ 1 juv., AUMNH]; San Juan Canyon Rd/G1, 12.2km S Hwy 156, 36.7852, -121.4632 1, 566m, A Stockman 8.vi.05 [MY3292, 3294 2juv, AUMNH; MY3293, 1♀, AMNH]; vic Hollister Hills, S of Hollister, 36.7716, -121.4112 1, 220m, M Hedin, J Starrett, D Leavitt, D Carlson, B Keith 27.iii.2011 [MY3795, 4012, 2♀, AUMNH]; New Idria Rd, Griswold Hills, Griswold Canyon, 36.5417, -120.8342 1,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">420</pageBreakToken>
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m, M Hedin, J Starrett, D Leavitt, D Carlson, B Keith 28.iii.2011 [MY4010, 1♀, AUMNH]; New Idria Rd, 0.8km N New Idria mine site, 36.4235, -120.6674 1, 725m, M Hedin, J Starrett, D Leavitt, D Carlson, B Keith 29.iii.2011 [MY4003, 1♀, AUMNH]; Panoche Rd, E Panoche Pass, W Llanada, 36.6190, -120.9771 1, 40m, M Hedin, J Starrett, D Leavitt, D Carlson, B Keith 28.iii.2011 [MY3791, 4008, 4011, 2♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; San Francisco Co.: San Francisco, 37.75, -122.45 7, 230m, R Schick 1.ix.61 [AP166, 1♂, AMNH]; 23.i.34 [AP473, 1♀, AMNH]; San Joaquin: 6mi W Tracy, 37.7426, -121.5566 5, 80m, J McSwain 30.iii.49 [AP154, 1♂, AMNH]; San Mateo Co.: ~1.6km W Woodside city limit, 37.4416, -122.2416 1, 88m, J Bond 3.v.97 [AP765-68, 1♀, 3juv, AUMNH]; Alpine Rd, 4km E Pescadero Rd, 37.291, -122.2294 1, 314m, A Stockman 13.v.05 [MY3107-09, 3♀, AUMNH]; Half Moon Bay, 37.4611, -122.440 5, 17m, W Lange 21.ii.40 [AP444, 1♀, AMNH]; Highway 84 on way to La Honda, 37.3988, -122.2594 1, 257m, J Bond 4.v.97 [AP770-71, 2juv, AUMNH]; Hillsborough, swimming pool along Summit Dr, 37.5728, -122.3854 5, 146m, B Thompson 25.ix.72 [AP159, 1♂, CAS]; Hwy 92, 1.5km E HWY 1, 37.4845, -122.3992 1, 76m, A Stockman 2.vi.05 [MY3247-49, 3♀, AUMNH]; San Mateo, 37.5568, -122.3177 7, 60m, 31.xii.38 [AP474, 1♀, AMNH]; Santa Clara Co.: 14.5km W Morgan Hill, 1.6km Loma Prieta mountain peak, along Casa Loma Rd, Llagas Creek ravine, 37.1427, -121.7812 4, 250m, W Icenogle 10.x.70 [AP273, 1♀, 164juv, CAS]; Alum Rock St Park, 37.397, -121.797 3, 200m, W Icenogle 11.x.70 [AP187, 1♀, 59juv. AMNH]; 8.x.78 [AP261, 1♀, CAS]; 11.xi.70 [AP264, 1♀, 14juv, AMNH]; 8.x.70 [AP478, 1♀, 32juv, CAS]; 30.vii.71 [AP488, 1♂, AMNH]; Bear Creek Rd, ~0.4km W jct w/ hwy 17, 37.1887, -121.9954 1, 213m, M Hedin, P Paquin, J Starrett 5.iv.03 [MY725, 1♀, AUMNH]; Guadalupe Creek, 37.1777, -121.87479 3, 228m, D Ubick 17.ii.76 [AP448, 1juv, CAS]; Marsh Rd, ~0.8km S Calaveras Reservoir, ~6.4km E Milpitas, 37.4501, -121.8138 5, 240m, W Icenogle 7.x.70 [AP199, 1♀, 1juv, CAS; AP254, 1♀, 52juv, AUMNH]; Marsh Rd, 0.8km S Calaveras Reservoir, 1.6km NE intersection Marsh & Felter Rds, 37.4468, -121.8099 4, 274m, W Icenogle 7.x.70 [AP466, 1♀, 87juv, AUMNH]; Congress Springs Rd/Hwy 9, 37.2609, -122.0985 1, 492m, A Stockman 13.v.05 [MY3095-99, 3♀, 2juv, AUMNH]; East Dunne Rd, 37.1519, -121.5865 1, 226m, A Stockman, P Marek 26.i.06 [MY3486, 1juv, AUMNH; MY3487, 1♀, CAS]; Leavesley Rd just E Roop Rd, 37.0574, -121.5188 1, 235m, A Stockman, P Marek 24.i.06 [MY3473, 3476-78 2♀, 1 juv., AUMNH]; Uvas Rd/G8, 7.2km S Croy Rd, 37.0599, -121.6778 1, 126m, A Stockman 11.vi.05 [MY3328-30, 2♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Alum Rock Park, trail near Quail Hollow bridge, 37.3934, -121.8157 1, 137m, A Stockman, P Marek 25.i.06 [MY3481-83, 1♀, 2juv, AUMNH]; East Dunne Rd, SW Henry Coe State Park, vic Anderson Lake, 37.1496, -121.5909 1, 230m, M Hedin, J Starrett, D Carlson 27.iii.2010 [MY3811, 1♀, AUMNH]; Santa Cruz Co.: Ben Lomond Area, 37.077, -122.084 3, 100m, Father Koenig 1.xi.64 [AP170, 1♂, AMNH]; Hwy 9, S Brookdale, 37.1037, -122.1048 1, 130m, M Hedin, R Keith, S Thomas, J Starrett 11.iii.06 [MY3536, 1juv, AUMNH]; Mt Madonna County Park, along Mt Madonna road, 0.72km from jct Pole Line Rd, 37.0116, -121.7208 1, 455m, J Bond, M van der Merwe 15.xii.99 [MY705, 706 2♀,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">AUMNH</pageBreakToken>
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]; University of California Kresge College, 36.99, -122.06 3, 227m, M Ramirez 14.x.83 [AP158, 1♂, CAS]; Bear Creek Rd 10km E Hwy 9, 37.1767, -122.063 1, 445m, A Stockman 4.vi.05 [MY3258, 1♀, AUMNH]; Henry Cowell Redwoods SP,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">Hwy</pageBreakToken>
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9, 1.8km S entrance, 37.0309, -122.0648 1, 161m, A Stockman 15.v.05 [MY3121, 1♀, AUMNH]; Hwy 35, 3.2km S of Hwy 9, 37.27828, -122.14957 1, 747m, A. Stockman 13.v.05 [MY3100, 1♀, AUMNH]; Swanton Rd, 6.3km from S entrance off hwy 1, S Swanton, 37.0644, -122.2277 1, 17m, J Bond, A Stockman, D Beamer 17.iii.05 [MY3066, 3067 1♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Sonoma Co.: Bennett Valley Rd, 4.3km W Sonoma Mountain Rd, 38.4163, -122.661 1, 94m, A Stockman 14.vi.05 [MY3353, 1juv, AUMNH]; Mark W Springs Rd, 7.2km E Old Redwood Hwy, 38.5401, -122.7209 1, 129m, A Stockman 14.vi.05 [MY3352, 1juv, AUMNH]; Stanislaus Co.: Del Puerto Canyon Rd, 22.8km W I-5, 37.4245, -121.3425 1, 304m, A Stockman 6.vi.05 [MY3275, 1juv, AUMNH]; Del Puerto Canyon Rd, 5.9km W I-5, 37.47373, -121.236 1, 101m, A Stockman 6.vi.05 [MY3267, 3268 1♀, 1juv, AUMNH].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Variation, males (5). Cl 5.50-6.88, 6.18
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.28; Cw 4.50-5.94, 5.16
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.25; STRl 3.03-3.60, 3.39
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.13; STRw 2.54-3.19, 2.83
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.12; LBw 0.83-1.11, 0.93
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.05; LBl 0.41-0.60, 0.53
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.04; leg I: 5.00-6.38, 5.55
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.27; 3.25-4.38, 3.72
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.21; 3.28-4.44, 3.81
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.21; 2.16-3.00, 2.50
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.15; 1.98-2.45, 2.28
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.10; leg IV: 5.00-6.31, 5.65
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.28; 2.63-3.44, 2.94
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.14; PTl 2.37-2.88, 2.61
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.11; PTw 0.80-1.00, 0.89
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.04; Bl 1.07-1.34, 1.22
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.05; TSp 3-5, 3.6
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.4; TSr 0-5, 3.00
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.84; TSrd 4-6, 4.80
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.37.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Variation, females (5). Cl 6.38-8.63, 7.27
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.37 [6.88]; Cw 5.25-6.40, 5.82
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.25 [5.75]; STRl 3.50-5.31, 4.19
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.31; STRw 3.01-4.50, 3.64
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.25; LBw 1.19-1.38, 1.25
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.03; LBl 0.62-0.93, 0.79
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.05; Leg I: 14.00-19.88, 16.44
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.98; ANTd 6-9, 8.20
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.58; PTLs 14-24, 19.40
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.60; TBs 2-6, 3.80
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.66.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Figures 106-112.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Smith, 1908.106-109 male specimen from Contra Costa Co., Orinda Village (AP162); scale bars = 1.0mm 106 male habitus [805794] 107 retrolateral aspect, right leg I [805784] 108 prolateral aspect, right leg I [805780] 109 retrolateral aspect, right pedipalp [805786] 110, 111 female habitus and cleared spermathecae from Santa Cruz Co. (MY3100) [805790, 805795] 112 cleared spermathecae from Alameda Co., Alameda (AP296) [805776]; scale bars = 0.1mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Figures 113, 114.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
specimens from Sonoma Co., Santa Rosa, live photographs. 113 male specimen (AUMS32) 114 female specimen (AUMS35).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="genbank accessions">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">GenBank accessions.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">16S-tRNAval-12S: EU569898-EU569900, EU569905, EU569923-EU569926, EU569959-EU569963, EU569992-EU570007, EU570016-EU570018, EU570032-EU570037, JX103401-JX103421; 18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2: EU569884-EU569887; EU569895, EU569896.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is distributed widely throughout the Coastal Ranges of central California, bounded to the east by the Central Valley (Map 10). The greatest concentration of populations appears to be centered in the Santa Cruz Mountains and the Diablo and Gabilan Ranges with additional populations in the Sonoma and Howell Mountains to the north. The DM for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Map 11) corresponds closely to the known distribution of the species with the exception of areas of high probability of occurrence that overlaps considerably with the predicted distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but likewise is separated from this species by an area of low probability of occurrence across the Salinas Valley. Also, populations found on the eastern facing slopes of the Coastal Range are found in areas of a low probability of occurrence. Like
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, this species is found along damp, north-facing steep banks and road cuts. Populations of this species are found in a number of ecoregion types including California coastal chaparral and shrub, coastal range open woodland and shrub, coniferous forest, coastal steppe, mixed forest and redwood forest. Males have been collected early fall through late winter (
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="September–March">September-March</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Maps 10, 11.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Smith, 1908. 10 distribution of known specimens 11 predicted distribution; cooler
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="colors–blue">colors-blue</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="shades–represent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
areas of high probability of occurrence, warmer
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="colors–yellow">colors-yellow</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
and orange
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="shades–represent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
areas of low probability of occurrence.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="conservation status">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is widespread and abundant throughout its distribution and thus is likely classified as secure. Nevertheless, its distribution throughout
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
San Francisco Bay region has likely resulted in its extirpation from many localities; specimens from
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Smith’s">Smith's</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
(1908) type locality have not been collected in many years.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="species concept applied">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Species concept applied.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
Cohesion (sensu
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Based on the evidence available at the time,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
considered the two
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
clades to comprise a single ecologically interchangeable species; that is, the two sister lineages (no longer retained as such in our more recent analysis, see comments below) overlapped in their predicted distributions and thus were ecologically equivalent (not adaptively diverged).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="remarks">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
Although cohesion species concept criteria were applied in the formulation of this species the subsequent addition of molecular data for more populations seems to have clouded the picture. The new data indicate that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, as currently delineated, may comprise at least two distinct, unrelated lineages, within the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Sibling Species Complex (Fig. 28). As such the current diagnosis and delimitation will require reconsideration in the future if these two lineages remain genealogically exclusive under further scrutiny.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|