<mods:titleid="29BF89FBD6AA9E07DCEDA6D7C5150E85">Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FDF4FEABFD26FEF4"author="Vredenburg"box="[540,764,325,351]"firstAuthor="Vredenburg"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276."type="journal article"year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="13322A730E5DFFA6FF77FE89FF3AFE2B"box="[159,224,359,384]"captionStart="FIGURE 8. A – D"captionStartId="19.[151,250,1885,1907]"captionTargetBox="[228,1355,195,1852]"captionTargetId="figure@19.[228,1355,195,1853]"captionTargetPageId="19"captionText="FIGURE 8. A – D. Athleta (Volutopupa) citharopsis sp. nov., A – B (holotype, CPAG. RAN. I. 25, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views, stn 4), C (paratype 1, CPAG. RAN. I. 26, dorsal view, stn 4), D (paratype 2, CPAG. RAN. I. 27, enlarged view of the spire, stn 4); E – J. Athleta (Volutocorbis) eugeniae Vredenburg, 1923, E – F (CPAG. RAN. I. 29, dorsal view (E) and enlarged view of the spire (F), stn 4), G – H (CPAG. RAN. I. 28, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views, stn 4), I – J (CPAG. RAN. I. 30, dorsal (I) and ventral (J) views, stn 4). Scale bars: A – E, G – J = 10 mm; F = 5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.228545"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228545/files/figure.png"pageId="20"pageNumber="121">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FE37FE5EFD16FE6D"author="Vredenburg"box="[479,716,432,454]"firstAuthor="Vredenburg"page="259"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276."type="journal article"year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923: 259</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C094D750E5DFFA6FE64FE20FCF8FE4F"authority="d'Archiac & Haime, 1853"authorityName="d'Archiac & Haime"authorityYear="1853"box="[396,802,462,484]"class="Gastropoda"family="Volutidae"genus="Voluta"kingdom="Animalia"order="Neogastropoda"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"phylum="Mollusca"rank="species"species="sykesi">
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FCDBFE20FBACFE4F"author="Cossmann"box="[819,1142,462,484]"firstAuthor="Cossmann"page="23"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83."type="journal article"year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909: 23</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FDADFE03FCC4FDA8"author="Vredenburg"box="[581,798,493,515]"firstAuthor="Vredenburg"page="36"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1928) A supplement to the Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 10 (4), 1 - 25."type="journal article"year="1928">Vredenburg 1928: 36</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FE6DFDE2FDF5FD89"author="Glibert"box="[389,559,524,546]"firstAuthor="Glibert"page="49"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Glibert, M. (1960) Les Volutacea fossiles du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 2 eme Serie, 61, 1 - 109."type="journal article"year="1960">Glibert 1960: 49</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FE6DFDC4FDC2FDEB"author="Iqbal"box="[389,536,554,576]"firstAuthor="Iqbal"page="60"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Iqbal, M. W. A. (1969) Bibliography of Tertiary pelecypod and gastropod species of W. Pakistan. Records of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, 18, 1 - 63."type="journal article"year="1969">Iqbal 1969: 60</bibRefCitation>
. Protoconch conical, multispiral, of three whorls. Teleoconch of 5 to 5.5 whorls. Spire moderately high, occupying 18% of total shell height. Spire whorls weakly convex, last whorl oval. Spiral sculpture on spire consisting of first row of subsutural nodules, becoming more developed and slightly spiny on penultimate whorl (
<figureCitationid="13322A730E5DFFA6FCD1FD37FCA5FD59"box="[825,895,729,754]"captionStart="FIGURE 8. A – D"captionStartId="19.[151,250,1885,1907]"captionTargetBox="[228,1355,195,1852]"captionTargetId="figure@19.[228,1355,195,1853]"captionTargetPageId="19"captionText="FIGURE 8. A – D. Athleta (Volutopupa) citharopsis sp. nov., A – B (holotype, CPAG. RAN. I. 25, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views, stn 4), C (paratype 1, CPAG. RAN. I. 26, dorsal view, stn 4), D (paratype 2, CPAG. RAN. I. 27, enlarged view of the spire, stn 4); E – J. Athleta (Volutocorbis) eugeniae Vredenburg, 1923, E – F (CPAG. RAN. I. 29, dorsal view (E) and enlarged view of the spire (F), stn 4), G – H (CPAG. RAN. I. 28, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views, stn 4), I – J (CPAG. RAN. I. 30, dorsal (I) and ventral (J) views, stn 4). Scale bars: A – E, G – J = 10 mm; F = 5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.228545"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228545/files/figure.png"pageId="20"pageNumber="121">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
F); abapically, three rows of nodules including shoulder row, which is weaker than other two. Shoulder row bears spiny nodules on some specimens. On last whorl, spiral sculpture displaying: 1) subsutural row of nodules; 2) shoulder row of nodules spiny on a few specimens, and 3) abapically, 13 rows of nodulose crenulations, becoming less prominent on base. From second to last whorls, costae interrupted by rows of nodules. On last whorl, costae moderately high, cut into prominent, regular, nodulose crenulations by broad spiral grooves. Third whorl: 16 costae; fourth whorl: 13–15 costae; fifth and last whorl: 15–17 costae. Aperture ovate, rather narrow, occupying 55% of total height, 39% of diameter. Inner lip feebly sinuous, columella with one oblique fold succeeded posteriorly by 3 or 4 weak folds; inner lip callus very narrow, not spreading. Outer lip thin, not thickened externally. Siphonal canal slightly elongate; siphonal notch shallow.
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.F.A50366–68 and 30 spm
<collectionCodeid="ED18AE330E5DFFA6FB3FFBACFAE8FBF1"LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988"box="[1239,1330,1090,1114]"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988"name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle"pageId="20"pageNumber="121">MNHN</collectionCode>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FDEFFB88FCB9FBD5"author="Cossmann & Pissarro"box="[519,867,1125,1150]"firstAuthor="Cossmann"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83."type="journal article"year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro (1909)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FC41FB8BFB52FBD5"author="Vredenburg"box="[937,1160,1125,1150]"firstAuthor="Vredenburg"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276."type="journal article"year="1923">Vredenburg (1923)</bibRefCitation>
from the Ypresian of northern Europe, particularly in the spiny shape of the subsutural and shoulder nodules. The European species differs in its other adapical spiral elements including flatter cords separated by narrow spiral grooves, producing an imbricate effect, but lacking nodules.
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FC88FA8CFB4CFAD1"author="Cossmann & Pissarro"box="[864,1174,1377,1402]"firstAuthor="Cossmann"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83."type="journal article"year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro 1909</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF984B070E5DFFA6FB49FA8FFABEFAD1"author="Vredenburg"box="[1185,1380,1377,1402]"firstAuthor="Vredenburg"pageId="20"pageNumber="121"refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276."type="journal article"year="1923">Vredenburg 1923</bibRefCitation>
