298 lines
34 KiB
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298 lines
34 KiB
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<document id="BDC5CFE0DAD757604427F39D2217E9C4" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112532" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8292694" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1693250015429" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wang, Fumin, Park, Yong-Lak & Gutensohn, Michael" docDate="2020" docId="039B87E9B05BFF9AFCD4B81E50EF5584" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.180.112532.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry (112532) 180" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112532" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3.5:Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Solanum habrochaites subsp. chemotypes S. Knapp & D. M. Spooner" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFA2FF91B059FF99FFE6BE16556D5215" masterDocTitle="Glandular trichome-derived sesquiterpenes of wild tomato accessions (Solanum habrochaites) affect aphid performance and feeding behavior" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1693406035079" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:title id="D0D614D3B700759F7F8ECF2640E7F566">Glandular trichome-derived sesquiterpenes of wild tomato accessions (Solanum habrochaites) affect aphid performance and feeding behavior</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="202D705E7412E4FB38E6FBC8EF026181">Wang, Fumin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D1A843D93F300E2D4B9956D3E55E13A">Park, Yong-Lak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E41CEDF0CDB68825B21DD035A313369">Gutensohn, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="878616912AED5F4AC25E9ADF20C126F2">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="17B775EBC0B4B5C594B0320B3F1DDB4C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="CB31F0F8DB2A21F9201C63D6EB1EF676">112532</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="15A5677DD1E9C52A9CEED7B8CF191686">2020-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="540E8F8B576288A4A3AE735AC661C0F7">180</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D9F389F849C163E2F0BE15E7D8F12B91">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112532</mods:url>
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<treatment id="039B87E9B05BFF9AFCD4B81E50EF5584" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87E9B05BFF9AFCD4B81E50EF5584" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87E9B05BFF9AFCD4B81E50EF5584" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C3286574B05BFF9BFCD4B81E56955422" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FFB05BFF9BFCD4B81E56955422" blockId="2.[818,1419,1544,1563]" lastBlockId="2.[818,1016,1572,1591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFCD4B81E56955422" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0C58193B05BFF9BFCD4B81E50E6540E" bold="true" box="[818,1419,1544,1563]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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2.4. Some sesquiterpenes emitted by
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFB66B81E5065540E" ID-CoL="4Y2MW" ID-ENA="62890" authority="S. Knapp & D. M. Spooner" authorityName="S. Knapp & D. M. Spooner" box="[1152,1288,1544,1563]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">S. habrochaites</taxonomicName>
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have repellent
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</heading>
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<heading id="D0C58193B05BFF9BFCD4B83256955422" box="[818,1016,1572,1591]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="8">activity against aphids</heading>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3286574B05BFF9AFCB7B84A50EF5584" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FFB05BFF9AFCB7B84A571E5433" blockId="2.[818,1491,1628,1982]" lastBlockId="3.[100,773,1415,1965]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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In addition to the observed effects on performance and feeding of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFCD4B86E56D4549F" box="[818,953,1655,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFCD4B86E56D4549F" bold="true" box="[818,953,1655,1675]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, sesquiterpenes produced in glandular trichomes of different
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFC6FB882517D54B3" box="[905,1040,1683,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFC6FB882517D54B3" bold="true" box="[905,1040,1683,1703]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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accessions upon emission into the surrounding atmosphere could also influence the pre-landing orientation and host plant choice of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFC27B8DA515254CB" box="[961,1087,1739,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFC27B8DA515254CB" bold="true" box="[961,1087,1739,1759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In order to test the behavioral response of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFCD4B8FE56D954EF" box="[818,948,1767,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFCD4B8FE56D954EF" bold="true" box="[818,948,1767,1787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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alatae towards emitted tomato terpenes we performed choice assays using an open Y-track olfactometer. When the aphids were given the choice between pure air and the odors of tomato leaves (
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<figureCitation id="13092A7AB05BFF9BFCDCB92D56ED555B" box="[826,896,1851,1870]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,696,713]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,148,669]" captionTargetId="graphics-1052@4.[594,898,206,620]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Choice behavior of M. euphorbiae alatae in an open Y-track olfactometer. (A) Choice of aphids between air and odors from leaves of different S. lycopersicum cultivars or S. habrochaites accessions. (B) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 and different S. habrochaites accessions. (C) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves alone (left bars) and from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves with added S. habrochaites leaf dip extracts (right bars). Asterisks following each pair of bars indicates significant differences according to Chi-square goodness of fit (⋅, P <0.07; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8292700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8292700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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) a significant effect on their behavior was observed only with the
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFCB1B94156B2557C" box="[855,991,1878,1898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFCB1B94156B2557C" bold="true" box="[855,991,1878,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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accessions of chemotype 5, but not with any of the other chemotypes. Only 28.3% (χ
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<superScript id="7C479BB7B05BFF9BFB8AB97B5118556E" attach="right" box="[1132,1141,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</superScript>
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=8.70,
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFB21B96551BE5593" bold="true" box="[1223,1235,1907,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
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=0.003) and 32.6% (χ
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<superScript id="7C479BB7B05BFF9BFA56B97B50D4556E" attach="right" box="[1456,1465,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</superScript>
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= 5.23,
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFC8EB999561955B7" bold="true" box="[872,884,1935,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
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= 0.022) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFC16B999511D55B4" box="[1008,1136,1934,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFC16B999511D55B4" bold="true" box="[1008,1136,1934,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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alatae oriented towards the odors of accession LA1624 and LA2860, respectively, suggesting that the emitted β- caryophyllene and α- humulene (Table S2) have repellent activity. Remarkably, in the same assays (
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<figureCitation id="13092A7AB05AFF9AFE7FBBB554B357A2" box="[409,478,1443,1463]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,696,713]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,148,669]" captionTargetId="graphics-1052@4.[594,898,206,620]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Choice behavior of M. euphorbiae alatae in an open Y-track olfactometer. (A) Choice of aphids between air and odors from leaves of different S. lycopersicum cultivars or S. habrochaites accessions. (B) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 and different S. habrochaites accessions. (C) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves alone (left bars) and from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves with added S. habrochaites leaf dip extracts (right bars). Asterisks following each pair of bars indicates significant differences according to Chi-square goodness of fit (⋅, P <0.07; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8292700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8292700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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) we observed that 71.8% (χ
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<superScript id="7C479BB7B05AFF9AFD05BB88578157B9" attach="right" box="[739,748,1438,1452]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
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= 7.41,
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFF7ABBD655C557C6" bold="true" box="[156,168,1472,1491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
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= 0.007) and 68.2% (χ
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<superScript id="7C479BB7B05AFF9AFE77BBAC54F757DD" attach="right" box="[401,410,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
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= 5.82,
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFE15BBD6549257C6" bold="true" box="[499,511,1472,1491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
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= 0.016) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFD66BBD6566F57C7" box="[640,770,1471,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFD66BBD6566F57C7" bold="true" box="[640,770,1471,1491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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alatae orientated towards the odors from leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFDABBBCD57BA57FB" box="[589,727,1499,1518]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFDABBBCD57BA57FB" bold="true" box="[589,727,1499,1518]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cultivars M82 and Moneymaker, respectively, suggesting that the terpenes emitted from cultivated tomato attracted
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFE0BB80557005433" box="[493,621,1555,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFE0BB80557005433" bold="true" box="[493,621,1555,1574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4D6677B05BFF9BFF82B905540E55A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8292696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8292696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8292696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[100,130,1811,1828]" targetBox="[106,764,1001,1784]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FFB05BFF9BFF82B905540E55A8" blockId="2.[100,771,1811,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFF82B90555F15531" bold="true" box="[100,156,1811,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
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Longevity (A) and fecundity (B) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFE2CB90257565531" box="[458,571,1811,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
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<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFE2CB90257565531" bold="true" box="[458,571,1811,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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apterae arrested on the leaf surface of two
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFEF4B93B54FC552B" box="[274,401,1837,1854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFEF4B93B54FC552B" bold="true" box="[274,401,1837,1854]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
cultivars and different
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFD82B93B578C552B" box="[612,737,1837,1854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFD82B93B578C552B" bold="true" box="[612,737,1837,1854]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
accessions.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05BFF9BFF51B95054065542" box="[183,363,1862,1879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05BFF9BFF51B95054065542" bold="true" box="[183,363,1862,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Solanum habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
accessions represent five chemotypes characterized by the production of different sesquiterpenes in their glandular trichomes. Values for longevity and fecundity are presented as mean ± SE. Different letters indicate that logarithmic values were significantly different (Tukey’ s HSD test, α = 0.05).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF4D6677B05AFF9AFF82BB175018574A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8292698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8292698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8292698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[100,130,1281,1298]" targetBox="[227,1360,150,1252]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8D36FFB05AFF9AFF82BB175018574A" blockId="3.[100,1487,1281,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFF82BB1755F15707" bold="true" box="[100,156,1281,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Feeding performance of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFE94BB17548E5707" box="[370,483,1281,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFE94BB17548E5707" bold="true" box="[370,483,1281,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
apterae on artificial diets containing leaf dip extracts of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFC5BBB1751555707" box="[957,1080,1281,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFC5BBB1751555707" bold="true" box="[957,1080,1281,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
c.v. M82 and different
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFB1DBB1750195707" box="[1275,1396,1281,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFB1DBB1750195707" bold="true" box="[1275,1396,1281,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
accessions (MTBE solvent control). (A) Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship and analysis of log-rank test (α =0.05). (B) Box and violin plots represent mean ±SE of gel saliva density (cm
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="7C479BB7B05AFF9AFF35BB3955B6572E" attach="right" box="[211,219,1327,1339]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
) and the probability density, respectively. (C) Number of honeydew drops accumulated in the feeding chambers. Asterisks in (B) and (C) represent significant differences between diets with leaf dip extracts and control based on Dunnett’ s test (⋅,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFC4BBB5856A0574B" box="[941,973,1357,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFC4BBB5856D5574B" bold="true" box="[941,952,1358,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
0.08; *,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFBFCBB585157574B" box="[1050,1082,1357,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFBFCBB585148574B" bold="true" box="[1050,1061,1358,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
0.05; **,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFB76BB5851DC574B" box="[1168,1201,1357,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFB76BB5851F6574B" bold="true" box="[1168,1179,1358,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
0.01; ***,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFAF7BB58505C574B" box="[1297,1329,1357,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFAF7BB585071574B" bold="true" box="[1297,1308,1358,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
0.001).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8D36FFB05AFF9AFF62B83957AE554C" blockId="3.[100,773,1415,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
Due to the observed attraction towards
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFE19B83957E45457" box="[511,649,1583,1602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFE19B83957E45457" bold="true" box="[511,649,1583,1602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in a second set of assays aphid alatae were given the choice between the odor of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFF82B871559A546C" box="[100,247,1638,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFF82B871559A546C" bold="true" box="[100,247,1638,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
c.v. M82 and different
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFDE4B87157FF546C" box="[514,658,1638,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFDE4B87157FF546C" bold="true" box="[514,658,1638,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
accessions (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13092A7AB05AFF9AFF8AB89555DE5483" box="[108,179,1667,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,696,713]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,148,669]" captionTargetId="graphics-1052@4.[594,898,206,620]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Choice behavior of M. euphorbiae alatae in an open Y-track olfactometer. (A) Choice of aphids between air and odors from leaves of different S. lycopersicum cultivars or S. habrochaites accessions. (B) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 and different S. habrochaites accessions. (C) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves alone (left bars) and from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves with added S. habrochaites leaf dip extracts (right bars). Asterisks following each pair of bars indicates significant differences according to Chi-square goodness of fit (⋅, P <0.07; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8292700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8292700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In all but one of the pairs
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFE27B89554BC5483" box="[449,465,1667,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">></emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
50% of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFDA4B89557AF5480" box="[578,706,1666,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFDA4B89557AF5480" bold="true" box="[578,706,1666,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
alatae were found to orient towards c.v. M82 thus further confirming their attraction by
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFF07B8AC540454D8" box="[225,361,1722,1741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFF07B8AC540454D8" bold="true" box="[225,361,1722,1741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
odors. When LA1779, LA1624, and LA2860 were paired with c.v. M82 only 32.4% (χ
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="7C479BB7B05AFF9AFE38B8C7548A54CA" attach="right" box="[478,487,1745,1759]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
=4.24,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFDD0B8C1572F54FF" bold="true" box="[566,578,1751,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
=0.040), 30.2% (χ
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="7C479BB7B05AFF9AFD1FB8C7566F54CA" attach="right" box="[761,770,1745,1759]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
= 6.72,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFF59B8E455A65510" bold="true" box="[191,203,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 0.010), and 30.0% (χ
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="7C479BB7B05AFF9AFE34B8FB54B654EE" attach="none" box="[466,475,1773,1787]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
= 6.40,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFDA5B8E457225510" bold="true" box="[579,591,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 0.011) of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFF82B91855885534" box="[100,229,1806,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFF82B91855885534" bold="true" box="[100,229,1806,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
alatae, respectively, oriented towards the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFD9CB918566F5534" box="[634,770,1806,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFD9CB918566F5534" bold="true" box="[634,770,1806,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
odors, indicating a significant repellent activity of the sesquiterpenes emitted by the accessions of the chemotypes 4 and 5 (Table S2).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8D36FFB05AFF9AFF62B97450EF5584" blockId="3.[100,773,1415,1965]" lastBlockId="3.[818,1488,1415,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
An additional set of assays was performed to test if these sesquiterpenes produced by
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFEC3B96854DD5585" box="[293,432,1917,1937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFEC3B96854DD5585" bold="true" box="[293,432,1917,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
could be transferred to cultivated tomato and would show a similar repellent activity towards
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFCD4BB9E56D8578F" box="[818,949,1415,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFCD4BB9E56D8578F" bold="true" box="[818,949,1415,1435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in the presence of the monoterpene blend emitted by
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFCD4BBB556D057A3" box="[818,957,1443,1462]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFCD4BBB556D057A3" bold="true" box="[818,957,1443,1462]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFC2BBBB551C257A3" box="[973,1199,1443,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFC2BBBB551C257A3" bold="true" box="[973,1199,1443,1462]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macrosiphum euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
alatae were given the choice between the odors of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFC1EBBA951ED57C7" box="[1016,1152,1471,1490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFC1EBBA951ED57C7" bold="true" box="[1016,1152,1471,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
c.v. M82 leaves alone, and c.v. M82 leaves to which aliquots of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFBD3BBCD51D157FB" box="[1077,1212,1499,1518]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFBD3BBCD51D157FB" bold="true" box="[1077,1212,1499,1518]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
leaf dip extracts on filter papers had been added (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13092A7AB05AFF9AFC1DBBE15152541F" box="[1019,1087,1527,1546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,696,713]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,148,669]" captionTargetId="graphics-1052@4.[594,898,206,620]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Choice behavior of M. euphorbiae alatae in an open Y-track olfactometer. (A) Choice of aphids between air and odors from leaves of different S. lycopersicum cultivars or S. habrochaites accessions. (B) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 and different S. habrochaites accessions. (C) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves alone (left bars) and from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves with added S. habrochaites leaf dip extracts (right bars). Asterisks following each pair of bars indicates significant differences according to Chi-square goodness of fit (⋅, P <0.07; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8292700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8292700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The addition of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFAE7BBE150EB541F" box="[1281,1414,1527,1546]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habrochaites">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFAE7BBE150EB541F" bold="true" box="[1281,1414,1527,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
leaf dip extracts in general affected the orientation of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFB0AB80550005433" box="[1260,1389,1555,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFB0AB80550005433" bold="true" box="[1260,1389,1555,1574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
alatae towards c.v. M82 leaves. However, only the addition of the β- caryophyllene and α- humulene containing extracts from accessions LA1624 and LA2860 significantly reduced the attraction of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFAFAB87150F0546C" box="[1308,1437,1638,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFAFAB87150F0546C" bold="true" box="[1308,1437,1638,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with only 33.3% (χ2 = 4.67,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFBF0B895514F5483" bold="true" box="[1046,1058,1667,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
=0.031) and 34.8% (χ2 = 4.26,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFA84B89550035483" bold="true" box="[1378,1390,1667,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 0.039), respectively, of the aphids orienting towards the mixed odors of c.v. M82 leaves and added leaf dip extracts. A similar trend was observed upon the addition of extracts from accession LA1779 (chemotype 4) to c.v. M82 leaves which resulted in only 35.0% (χ2 = 3.60,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFAAEB8E450395510" bold="true" box="[1352,1364,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 0.058) of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFCD4B91856DF5534" box="[818,946,1806,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFCD4B91856DF5534" bold="true" box="[818,946,1806,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
orienting towards the mixed odors. In summary, the results of the olfactometer choice assays suggested that the sesquiterpenes produced in glandular trichomes of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFB63B95050EC554C" box="[1157,1409,1862,1881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="habrochaites" subSpecies="chemotypes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFB63B9505061554C" bold="true" box="[1157,1292,1862,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. habrochaites</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
chemotypes
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
4 and 5 not only affect performance and feeding of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C324D7CB05AFF9AFB26B97450535561" box="[1216,1342,1889,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B946EAEDB05AFF9AFB26B97450535561" bold="true" box="[1216,1342,1889,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but clearly also their choice behavior prior to landing on potential host plants.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|