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<mods:title id="1A6CE711908AE0C351BE29A647C80ED7">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="3FF852E83951528146F31AA43AE9E221">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FF1EF3DB12BDFC6E" ID-CoL="8YN6L" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,403,993,1020]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Miniseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="isabella">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF1EF3DB12BDFC6E" bold="true" box="[151,403,993,1020]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Miniseraphs isabella</emphasis>
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(Bernay in 
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)
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<figureCitation id="13092A10874FFFE5FF1EF43C1226FBB2" box="[151,264,1030,1056]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,196,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[213,1375,181,1781]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dimeza Deshayes, 1865, Miniseraphs Jung 1974 and Mauryna de Gregorio 1880. A. Diameza fragilis (Defrance, 1825), MNHN A28784, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 6.9 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 20A, C &amp; E). B. Miniseraphs eratoides (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28785, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 8.3 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 20F–H). C. Miniseraphs isabella (Deshayes, 1865), MNHN A28783, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 7.5 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 20M–O). D. Mauryna plicata (d’Archiac &amp; Haime, 1853), NMB H15324, length 51 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026793/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
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1865 
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<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF46F47012BBFBF0" box="[207,405,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Terebellum isabella</emphasis>
Bernay
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<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FE6AF47112D4FBF0" box="[483,506,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">—</emphasis>
Deshayes, p. 470, pl. 92, figs. 14–16. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FCF8F47110F5FBF0" author="Jung, P." box="[881,987,1098,1123]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 30
</treatmentCitation>
. 
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Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FBD3F47117A2FBF0" box="[1114,1164,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
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, p. 450
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. = 
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<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FAA5F47016B2FBF0" box="[1324,1436,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Terebellum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF59F453120CFB13" box="[208,290,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Seraphs</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FEB8F45312A2FB13" box="[305,396,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">isabellae</emphasis>
Bernay
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— 
<treatmentCitation id="0A931084874FFFE5FE7FF45311F2FB13" author="Cossmann, M." box="[502,732,1129,1153]" page="94" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FE7FF45311B5FB13" author="Cossmann, M." box="[502,667,1129,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="3 - 381" refId="ref33472" refString="Cossmann, M. (1889) Catalogue illustre des conquilles fossiles de L'Eocene des environs de Paris. Annales de la Societe Royale Malacologique de Belgique, 24, 3 - 381." type="journal article" year="1889">Cossmann 1889</bibRefCitation>
, p. 94
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. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FD6EF453107CFB13" author="Jung, P." box="[743,850,1129,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 30
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. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FC17F4531769FB13" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[926,1095,1129,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FC5EF4501725FB13" box="[983,1035,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
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, p. 450
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. = 
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<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FB3DF4531628FB13" box="[1204,1286,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Seraphs</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FA9CF45316BAFB13" box="[1301,1428,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Miniseraphs</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF4EF4B21239FB32" box="[199,279,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">isabella</emphasis>
Deshayes
</taxonomicName>
— 
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, p. 30
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 9, figs. 13–18, tfs. 20, 21. = 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FF54F49D11A3FB2C" authority="Deshayes" authorityName="Deshayes" box="[221,653,1190,1214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Diameza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="isabella" subGenus="Miniseraphs">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF54F49D1219FB2C" box="[221,311,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Diameza</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FECFF49C12EBFB2C" box="[326,453,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Miniseraphs</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FE5CF49C110BFB2C" box="[469,549,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">isabella</emphasis>
Deshayes
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— 
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Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FD68F49D103BFB2C" box="[737,789,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
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, p. 450
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, figs. 20K–O, 23. = 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FBF8F49C16ACFB2C" ID-CoL="8ZGJX" authority="Deshayes" authorityName="Deshayes" box="[1137,1410,1190,1214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="isabella">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FBF8F49C1634FB2C" box="[1137,1306,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Seraphs isabella</emphasis>
Deshayes
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— 
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB874FFFE5FF1EF4DE1034FA88" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
1880 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FF58F4DE1171FB6E" authority="de Gregorio" authorityName="de Gregorio" box="[209,607,1252,1276]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pusilliusculum">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF58F4DE12F2FB6E" box="[209,476,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Terebellum pusilliusculum</emphasis>
de Gregorio
</taxonomicName>
, p. 23, p. 1, fig. 33. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A931084874FFFE5FCA7F4DE10F5FB6E" author="Jung, P." box="[814,987,1252,1276]" page="31" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FCA7F4DE10B4FB6E" author="Jung, P." box="[814,922,1252,1276]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 31
</treatmentCitation>
. = 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FC72F4DE120DFA88" authority="de Gregorio" authorityName="de Gregorio" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pusilliusculum" subGenus="Miniseraphs">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FC72F4DE1763FB6E" box="[1019,1101,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Seraphs</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FBD5F4DE17F5FB6E" box="[1116,1243,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Miniseraphs</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FB63F4DE1650FB6E" box="[1258,1406,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">pusilliusculum</emphasis>
de Gregorio
</taxonomicName>
—Quaggioto &amp; Mellini 2008, p. 48, pl. 1, fig. 33.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D3695874FFFE5FF1EF51B1732FAAB" blockId="21.[151,1436,1098,1337]" box="[151,1052,1313,1337]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB874FFFE5FF1EF51B1732FAAB" box="[151,1052,1313,1337]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
1953 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FF59F51B1170FAAB" authority="Szots" authorityName="Szots" box="[208,606,1313,1337]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vertesensis" subGenus="Seraphs">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF59F51B126EFAAB" box="[208,320,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Terebellum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FEC6F51B128FFAAB" box="[335,417,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Seraphs</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FE26F5181130FAAB" box="[431,542,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">vertesensis</emphasis>
Szöts
</taxonomicName>
, p. 175, pl. 4, figs. 43, 44. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A931084874FFFE5FCE4F51B1736FAAB" author="Jung, P." box="[877,1048,1313,1337]" page="31" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FCE4F51B10F6FAAB" author="Jung, P." box="[877,984,1313,1337]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 31
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E874FFFE5FF1EF55D118CFA7F" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695874FFFE5FF1EF55D11C7FA5B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1383,2022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF1EF55D126AFA13" bold="true" box="[151,324,1383,1409]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54898837874FFFE5FEC3F5521286FA10" box="[330,424,1384,1410]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
— 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F877874FFFE5FE4CF5521135FA10" box="[453,539,1384,1410]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">MNHN</collectingRegion>
A28935, was selected by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FCB5F55D172CFA13" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[828,1026,1383,1409]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FCF3F552109CFA13" box="[890,946,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
to bring taxonomic clarity, given the 
<typeStatus id="54898837874FFFE5FF1EF5B113D0FA37" box="[151,254,1419,1445]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FE2FF5B61102FA37" author="Jung, P." box="[422,556,1419,1446]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung (1974)</bibRefCitation>
from the Bernay Collection cannot be found. The missing Jung type measured 
<quantity id="4CCA9B70874FFFE5FF1EF59513D5FA58" box="[151,251,1455,1482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="13.4">13.4 mm</quantity>
in length and a width of 
<quantity id="4CCA9B70874FFFE5FD9DF58A117BFA58" box="[532,597,1456,1482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FDEAF59511F2FA5B" author="Jung, P." box="[611,732,1455,1481]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D3695874FFFE5FF4EF5E9118CFA7F" blockId="21.[151,1436,1383,2022]" box="[199,674,1490,1518]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC8874FFFE5FF4EF5E911B1FA7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081355" box="[199,671,1490,1518]" country="France" location="Chaussy" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF4EF5E91248FA7F" bold="true" box="[199,358,1491,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<typeStatus id="54898837874FFFE5FF4EF5E9122CFA7F" box="[199,258,1491,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED604E874FFFE5FEE5F5E912E2FA7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B8783874FFFE5FF1EF3DB1774F877:8EED604E874FFFE5FEE5F5E912E2FA7F" box="[364,460,1491,1517]" country="France" name="Chaussy" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Chaussy</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3257605874FFFE5FE5EF5EE110DFA7C" box="[471,547,1492,1518]" name="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">France</collectingCountry>
[Lutetian]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E874FFFE5FF4EF5CD12C2F933" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695874FFFE5FF4EF5CD12C2F933" blockId="21.[151,1436,1383,2022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF4EF5CD126CF983" bold="true" box="[199,322,1527,1553]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The shell has a large apical angle and an inflated body whorl. The greatest diameter of the shell is just above the middle. The labial callus is thin, and the labrum is sinuous and thickened adapically. The labrum is abapically prosocyrt and adapically opisthocyrt. The columella is bent backward at the base and reaches down nearly to the base of the labrum. The siphonal notch is moderately developed. The shell is smooth with only a few faint spiral lines near the base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E874FFFE5FF4EF69111C5F80C" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695874FFFE5FF4EF69111C5F80C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1383,2022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF4EF691124FF957" bold="true" box="[199,353,1707,1733]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Distribution.</emphasis>
EOCENE—Lutetian/Bartonian— 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FD6DF696101BF957" box="[740,821,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<collectingCountry id="F3257605874FFFE5FD6DF696101BF957" box="[740,821,1708,1733]" name="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Ferme de l’Orme, Paris Basin (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FB2FF691160FF957" author="Jung, P." box="[1190,1313,1707,1733]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
); Grignon, Paris Basin (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FEAFF6F5128EF97B" author="Jung, P." box="[294,416,1743,1769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FE3DF6F512C9F97B" box="[436,487,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<collectingCountry id="F3257605874FFFE5FE3DF6F512C9F97B" box="[436,487,1743,1769]" name="Italy" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Italy</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Palermo (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FDD2F6F511FBF97B" author="Jung, P." box="[603,725,1743,1769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
); San Giovanni Ilarione (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FC7BF6F51790F97B" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[1010,1214,1743,1769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refId="ref34236" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1880) Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Part 1. Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Montaina, Palermo, 106 pp." type="book" year="1880">de Gregorio 1880</bibRefCitation>
). Lutetian— 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FAC2F6EA16B2F97B" box="[1355,1436,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<collectingCountry id="F3257605874FFFE5FAC2F6EA16B2F97B" box="[1355,1436,1744,1769]" name="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Chaussy, Val d‘Oise, (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FE1CF6C9113EF89F" author="Jung, P." box="[405,528,1779,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FD97F6C911CEF89F" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[542,736,1779,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FDD6F6CE11B4F89F" box="[607,666,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Latinville-Saint-Peirre, Oise (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FBCFF6C917EEF89F" author="Jung, P." box="[1094,1216,1779,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FB47F6C916BEF89F" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[1230,1424,1779,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FA99F6CE1664F89F" box="[1296,1354,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Cauvigny, Oise (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FED8F72D1125F8A3" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[337,523,1815,1841]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FE19F72212E6F8A3" box="[400,456,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Parnes, Oise (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FD3FF72D1000F8A3" author="Jung, P." box="[694,814,1815,1841]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FCB0F72D10DCF8A3" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[825,1010,1815,1841]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FCFEF7221081F8A3" box="[887,943,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Mouchy-le-Chatel, Oise (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FAA9F72D16B9F8A3" author="Jung, P." box="[1312,1431,1815,1841]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FF1EF701127DF8C7" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[151,339,1851,1877]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF5FF7061221F8C7" box="[214,271,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Fercourt, Oise (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FD9FF70111A1F8C7" author="Jung, P." box="[534,655,1851,1877]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FD12F7011070F8C7" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[667,862,1851,1878]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FD53F706103DF8C7" box="[730,787,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Vaudancourt, Oise (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FBC6F70117E6F8C7" author="Jung, P." box="[1103,1224,1851,1877]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FB5DF70116BEF8C7" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[1236,1424,1851,1877]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FA9AF7061662F8C7" box="[1299,1356,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Ponchon, Oise (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FEC2F765113FF8EB" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[331,529,1887,1914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FE04F75A12E8F8EB" box="[397,454,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Villiers-St-Frédéric, Yvelines (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FCF4F7651712F8EB" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[893,1084,1887,1913]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FC37F75A10D9F8EB" box="[958,1015,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
); Bois-Gouët, Loire-Atlantique (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FF16F7B91275F80F" author="Caze, B. &amp; Merle, D. &amp; Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P." box="[159,347,1923,1949]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="417 - 477" refId="ref33015" refString="Caze, B., Merle, D., Pacaud, J. - M. &amp; Martin, J. - P. (2010) First systematic study using the variability of the residual colour patterns: the case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea). Geodiversitas, 32, 417 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
Caze 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF56F7BE1236F80F" box="[223,280,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Ypresian— 
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FE62F7BE1161F80F" box="[491,591,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<collectingCountry id="F3257605874FFFE5FE62F7BE1161F80F" box="[491,591,1924,1949]" name="Hungary" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Hungary</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FDD7F7B911F1F80C" author="Szots, E." box="[606,735,1923,1950]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="113 - 238" refId="ref42211" refString="Szots, E. (1953) Mollusques eocenes de la Hungrie. 1. Les mollusques eocenes des evirons de Gant. Geological Hungarica, 22, 113 - 238." type="journal article" year="1953">Szöts 1953</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E874FFFE5FF4EF79D1774F877" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D3695874FFFE5FF4EF79D1774F877" blockId="21.[151,1436,1383,2022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF4EF79D1215F853" bold="true" box="[199,315,1959,1985]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Remarks.</emphasis>
The two recognised members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FD30F79D106BF853" authorityName="Jung" authorityYear="1974" box="[697,837,1959,1985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Miniseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FD30F79D106BF853" box="[697,837,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Miniseraphs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily differentiated by size and shape, with 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FF1EF7F612CEF874" authority="(Deshayes, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Deshayes" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,480,1995,2022]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="isabella">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FF1EF7F61238F877" box="[151,278,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">M. isabella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FEADF7F112F6F874" author="Deshayes, G. P." box="[292,472,1995,2022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="201 - 288" refId="ref34499" refString="Deshayes, G. P. (1865) s. n. In: Description des Animaux sans Vertebres Decouverts dans le Basin de Paris. Bailliere Brothers, Paris, pp. 201 - 288." type="book chapter" year="1865">Deshayes, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
larger and slenderer than 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D16874FFFE5FC8AF7F6177BF877" authority="Cossmann, 1889" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1889" box="[771,1109,1995,2021]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Miniseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eratoides">
<emphasis id="B946EA87874FFFE5FC8AF7F610BEF877" box="[771,912,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">M. eratoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B64874FFFE5FC11F7F1177BF877" author="Cossmann, M." box="[920,1109,1995,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="3 - 381" refId="ref33472" refString="Cossmann, M. (1889) Catalogue illustre des conquilles fossiles de L'Eocene des environs de Paris. Annales de la Societe Royale Malacologique de Belgique, 24, 3 - 381." type="journal article" year="1889">Cossmann, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>