319 lines
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319 lines
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<document id="26687B6DC7DB357A343161F8C7A45BD4" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D212043CFFBFFF33FE11742216BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gracilechinus acutus ? (Lamarck 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="17802969A55824C95A97F012EA4E59C5">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A204F2F15EE44DC6AC9D5206B979E50C">Madeira, Patrícia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E13D21F889C88D86ED09F16EA03333CC">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F321E570F3844CCD76896A4482DBE8B8">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="511E4D2F1FEEB02B4214DF247BA3CBD4">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14440BD3E26CF1B103B2B7518D71CD50">Martins, Frias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="966DD1A71C2D7B9F744585B8CBB3D952">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F06DC07E1F634417485798EF773DFCCB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="A5CDF5F24D1019542B43FB6AD0763866" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4148D212043CFFBFFF33FE11742216BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583319" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158725747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583319" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4148D212043CFFBFFF33FE11742216BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4148D212043CFFBFFF33FE11742216BC" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F043CFFBFFF33FE11747811C0" box="[151,618,476,503]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF33FE11747811C0" blockId="108.[151,618,476,503]" box="[151,618,476,503]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<heading id="9216D468043CFFBFFF33FE11747811C0" bold="true" box="[151,618,476,503]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFF33FE11747811C0" ID-CoL="3H557" ID-ENA="1933096" authority="? (Lamarck, 1816)" authorityName="? (Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,618,476,503]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Gracilechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF33FE11747811C0" bold="true" box="[151,618,476,503]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF33FE11779C11C0" bold="true" box="[151,398,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Gracilechinus acutus</emphasis>
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? (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFE08FE10747311C0" author="Lamarck" box="[428,609,476,503]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref186715" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome Second. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F043CFFBFFF33FDEC7781120E" box="[151,403,544,569]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF33FDEC7781120E" blockId="108.[151,1436,544,668]" box="[151,403,544,569]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<heading id="9216D468043CFFBFFF33FDEC7781120E" bold="true" box="[151,403,544,569]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF33FDEC7781120E" bold="true" box="[151,403,544,569]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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Reports for the
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6043CFFBFFEE4FDED779C120E" box="[320,398,544,569]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Azores</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F043CFFBFFF33FD8D754612AC" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF33FD8D75691240" blockId="108.[151,1436,544,668]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9F1442A043CFFBFFF33FD8D75691240" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFF33FD8D77CE126F" ID-CoL="38LF4" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,476,575,600]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF33FD8D7724126F" box="[151,310,576,600]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Echinus acutus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFEE4FDF277CE126F" author="Lamarck" box="[320,476,575,600]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref186715" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome Second. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—?
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<treatmentCitation id="48404515043CFFBFFDA4FDF274A31260" author="Koehler, R." box="[512,689,575,600]" page="7" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" year="1898">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFDA4FDF274A31260" author="Koehler" box="[512,689,575,600]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref185623" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler 1898: 7</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 23;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFD48FDF275C6126F" author="Nobre" box="[748,980,575,600]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref194119" refString="Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp." type="book" year="1938">Nobre 1938: 114–115</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 48, 51;
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<treatmentCitation id="48404515043CFFBFFBCBFDF2738A126F" author="Garcia-Diez, C. & Porteiro, F. M. & Meirinho, A. & Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F." box="[1135,1432,575,600]" page="50" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFBCBFDF2738A126F" author="Garcia-Diez" box="[1135,1432,575,600]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia-Diez" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="35 - 59" refId="ref181624" refString="Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59." type="journal article" year="2005">
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García-Diez
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFB52FD8C7335126F" box="[1270,1319,576,600]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005: 50
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; p.p.?
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C043CFFBFFF5CFD9176ED125D" attach="right" box="[248,255,604,618]" fontSize="6" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">$</superScript>
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<treatmentCitation id="48404515043CFFBFFEA4FD9374181240" author="Wisshak, M. & Form, A. & Jakobsen, J. & Freiwald, A." box="[256,522,606,631]" page="2382" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFEA4FD9374181240" author="Wisshak" box="[256,522,606,631]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="2379 - 2396" refId="ref204862" refString="Wisshak, M., Form, A., Jakobsen, J. & Freiwald, A. (2010) Temperate carbonate cycling and water mass properties from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores). Biogeosciences, 7, 2379 - 2396. https: // doi. org / 10.5194 / bg- 7 - 2379 - 2010" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Wisshak
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFEF8FD92779B1241" box="[348,393,606,630]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010: 2382
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 2L;
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<treatmentCitation id="48404515043CFFBFFDC3FD9375651240" author="Micael, J. & Costa A. C." box="[615,887,606,631]" page="323" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFDC3FD9375651240" author="Micael & Costa" box="[615,887,606,631]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
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Micael &
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE6043CFFBFFD6AFD92751A1240" box="[718,776,607,631]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Costa</collectingRegion>
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2010: 323
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF33FD4C754612AC" blockId="108.[151,1436,544,668]" box="[151,852,641,668]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9F1442A043CFFBFFF33FD4C754612AC" box="[151,852,641,668]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFF33FD4C745412AB" ID-CoL="3H557" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,582,641,668]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Gracilechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF33FD4C779412AC" box="[151,390,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Gracilechinus acutus</emphasis>
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(
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|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFE30FD4C742C12AB" author="Lamarck" box="[404,574,641,668]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref186715" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome Second. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
—
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="48404515043CFFBFFDC7FD4C754312AC" author="Micael, J. & Alves, M. J. & Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C." box="[611,849,641,668]" page="4" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" year="2012">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFDC7FD4C754312AC" author="Micael" box="[611,849,641,668]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="49" refId="ref190819" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|||
|
|
Micael
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFD1EFD4F74F912AC" box="[698,747,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2012: 4
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="81FB308F043CFFBFFF33FD05742216BC" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF33FD0574971330" blockId="108.[151,1437,712,1675]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF33FD0576DB12D4" bold="true" box="[151,201,712,739]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">See:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFF74FD0477E612D4" author="Mortensen" box="[208,500,712,739]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen (1943a: 43–52</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, pl. 3, fig. 3, pl. 5, figs. 1–5, pl. 6, figs. 1–5, pl. 7, figs. 7–9, pl. 8, figs. 1–10, pl. 10, figs. 1–2, pl. 54, fig. 26, as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFE6EFD2074671330" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[458,629,749,775]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFE6EFD2074671330" box="[458,629,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Echinus acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF63FCDD778413A0" blockId="108.[151,1437,712,1675]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF63FCDD774E131C" bold="true" box="[199,348,784,811]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Mediterranean Sea and Northeast Atlantic, in the north from the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394043CFFBFFBF3FCDC72AD131C" box="[1111,1215,785,811]" name="Denmark" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Strait,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394043CFFBFFAB3FCDC737E131C" box="[1303,1388,785,811]" name="Iceland" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, the Barents Sea, and Scandinavia [
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFE57FCF874F31378" authorityName="Duben & Koren" authorityYear="1844" box="[499,737,821,847]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="acutus" subSpecies="norvegicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFE57FCF874F31378" box="[499,737,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. acutus norvegicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFD54FCF875FB1367" author="Koren, J." box="[752,1001,821,848]" firstAuthor="D ʾ ben" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="229 - 328" refId="ref179645" refString="D ʾ ben, M. W. & Koren, J. (1846) Ofversigt af Skandinaviens Echinodermer. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1844, 229 - 328." type="journal article" year="1846">D̹ben & Koren 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFC59FCF872D61378" author="Mortensen" box="[1021,1220,820,847]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
], southwards along the European (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFEE5FC9477F01344" author="Koehler" box="[321,482,857,883]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref185623" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFE55FC9474681344" author="Nobre" box="[497,634,857,883]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref194119" refString="Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp." type="book" year="1938">Nobre 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and North African coasts (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFC66FC95726B1344" author="D ˆ derlein, L." box="[962,1145,856,883]" editor="Chun, C." journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref178954" refString="D ˆ derlein, L. (1906) Die Echinoiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899. Vol. 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 1 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46999" title="Die Echinoiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899. Vol. 5" year="1906">D̂derlein 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFB23FC9473341344" author="Cadenat" box="[1159,1318,857,883]" firstAuthor="Cadenat" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="349 - 375" refId="ref175179" refString="Cadenat, J. (1938) Liste des echinodermes recueillis pendant la cinquieme croisiere du navire de recherches President-Theodore- Tissier. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 11, 349 - 375." type="journal article" year="1938">Cadenat 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) to
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B1F62394043CFFBFFAFDFC9476CF13A0" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFF48FCB0779B13A0" author="Madsen" box="[236,393,892,919]" firstAuthor="Madsen" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="474 - 481" refId="ref189114" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1957) On a new species of Meoma, and on a few other echinoids from tropical West Africa. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, Sciences Naturelles, 19, 474 - 481." type="journal article" year="1957">Madsen 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF63FC6C75DF138B" blockId="108.[151,1437,712,1675]" box="[199,973,928,956]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF63FC6C7708138C" bold="true" box="[199,282,929,955]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Depth:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
20–
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="79896959043CFFBFFEEFFC6C74CE138C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2284837930" box="[331,732,929,955]" collectionCode="AZO" elevation="1" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="1">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="42CC8437043CFFBFFEEFFC6C77B5138C" box="[331,423,929,955]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="1.28">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043CFFBFFEEFFC6C77B5138C" box="[331,423,929,955]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="1.28">1,280 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFE11FC6C746C138C" author="Mortensen" box="[437,638,929,955]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
);?
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC1043CFFBFFD39FC6C74CE138C" box="[669,732,929,955]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">AZO</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043CFFBFFD43FC6D7574138C" box="[743,870,928,955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="440.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="380.0">380–500 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(herein).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF63FC0974AD1434" blockId="108.[151,1437,712,1675]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF63FC09773E13E8" bold="true" box="[199,300,964,991]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from detritic bottoms, where feeds on all kind of bottom living organisms, with preference for crustaceans and foraminifera (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFE4DFC2474A01434" author="Mortensen" box="[489,690,1001,1027]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF63FBC074A01410" blockId="108.[151,1437,712,1675]" box="[199,690,1036,1063]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF63FBC077771410" bold="true" box="[199,357,1037,1063]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Larval stage:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
planktotrophic (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFDBAFBC074B41410" author="Emlet" box="[542,678,1036,1063]" firstAuthor="Emlet" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref179967" refString="Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Emlet 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C95E6304043CFFBFFF63FBFC742216BC" blockId="108.[151,1437,712,1675]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF63FBFC772F147C" bold="true" box="[199,317,1073,1099]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFEECFBFC77E5147C" author="Koehler" box="[328,503,1073,1099]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref185623" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
examined young specimens collected by
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFC7AFBFC7245147C" box="[990,1111,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hirondelle</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
in Azorean waters between 1,372 and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043CFFBFFEAAFB99777F1458" box="[270,365,1108,1135]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="1.85">1,850 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, which he identified as possible
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFD7AFB9875581458" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[734,842,1109,1135]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFD7AFB9875581458" box="[734,842,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
or
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFCD5FB9875ED1458" baseAuthorityName="Danielssen & Koren" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[881,1023,1109,1135]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Gracilechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFCD5FB9875ED1458" box="[881,1023,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. alexandri</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
though due to their small sizes (less than
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043CFFBFFF6AFBB4771A14A4" box="[206,264,1145,1171]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) he could not identify them without doubt. Later,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFC9DFBB475F614A4" author="Koehler" box="[825,996,1145,1171]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
reviewed the material from
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFA87FBB4738E14A4" box="[1315,1436,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Hirondelle</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and established that the specimens did not belong to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFD44FB5075591480" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[736,843,1181,1207]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFD44FB5075591480" box="[736,843,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G. acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The author also added it was not possible to identify the material because of their small size and lack of pedicellaria. Recently,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFC5DFB0C732414EC" author="Wisshak" box="[1017,1334,1217,1243]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="2379 - 2396" refId="ref204862" refString="Wisshak, M., Form, A., Jakobsen, J. & Freiwald, A. (2010) Temperate carbonate cycling and water mass properties from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores). Biogeosciences, 7, 2379 - 2396. https: // doi. org / 10.5194 / bg- 7 - 2379 - 2010" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
Wisshak
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFBC7FB0F728D14EC" box="[1123,1183,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2010: 2383
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 2L) presents a photograph of an echinoid taken at
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043CFFBFFD09FB2874E514C8" box="[685,759,1253,1279]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="380.0">380 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in the southern Faial Channel, which they identified as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFA25FB2876F21514" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFA25FB28738714C8" box="[1409,1429,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFF33FAC776F21514" box="[151,224,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(=
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFEA2FAC477A21514" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[262,432,1289,1315]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFEA2FAC477A21514" box="[262,432,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Echinus acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). They also observed that this large echinoid was abundant at a depth of
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="DFE7A88D043CFFBFFB7FFAC5733A1514" box="[1243,1320,1288,1315]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="generic">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043CFFBFFB7FFAC573361514" box="[1243,1316,1288,1315]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
However, the photograph portraits a large white animal basketball-shaped with relatively short spines. The spherical white test and the short spines points towards
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFDFDFA9F74BC155C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[601,686,1361,1387]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="melo">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFDFDFA9F7478155C" box="[601,618,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFDDCFA9C74BC155C" box="[632,686,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">melo</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="51DA7F81043CFFBFFD1BFA9C7503155C" box="[703,785,1361,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="107.[151,250,1335,1360]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,584,1316]" captionTargetId="figure@107.[151,1436,584,1316]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="FIGURE 24. Echinus melo Lamarck, 1816 (EMEPC–LUSO L09D17B1:A–D).Aboral view (A); lateral view (B); oral view (C); animal in situ (D); echinoid most possibly belonging to E. melo in situ in Azorean deep waters (EMEPC–LUSO, 38°47'50"N, 27°28'57W", 455 m: E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342209/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and not to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFC3DFA9C7217155C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[921,1029,1361,1387]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFC3DFA9C75BF155C" box="[921,941,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFC18FA9F7217155C" box="[956,1029,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, which is generally characterized in the Atlantic by a subconical brightly coloured test (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFD7BFAB8759C15A7" author="Koehler" box="[735,910,1397,1424]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref186029" refString="Koehler, R. (1921 b) Echinodermes. Faune de France. 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 216 pp." type="book" year="1921" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1921b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). However, images provided by Max Wisshak of additional specimens observed at
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="0E19CEE1043CFFBFFD91FA54746D1584" box="[565,639,1433,1459]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, suggest that they indeed observed both
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFBE8FA5472AA1584" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1100,1208,1433,1459]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFBE8FA5472721584" box="[1100,1120,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFBCBFA5772AA1584" box="[1135,1208,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, as well as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFA9BFA5773871584" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1343,1429,1433,1459]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="melo">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFA9BFA5773421584" box="[1343,1360,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFAFBFA5473871584" box="[1375,1429,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">melo</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Unfortunately, no material was collected by Wisshak and co-workers precluding to verify the identification based on images taken by the submersible
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFD9AFA2C746315CC" box="[574,625,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Lula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Both species are very variable in colour, shape and spine length (see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF5043CFFBFFF33F9C8774E1628" author="Mortensen" box="[151,348,1541,1567]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and thus are difficult to distinguish even in the lab. It is, therefore, usually impossible to confirm their identity based on photographs alone (especially in specimens exhibiting slightly intermediate characteristics). Consequently, unless collected and verified by direct examination, the presence of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EE11887043CFFBFFBE4F98072BE1650" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1088,1196,1613,1639]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFBE4F98072461650" box="[1088,1108,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">G</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="FB95BF16043CFFBFFBC7F98372BE1650" box="[1123,1196,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">acutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in the Azorean EEZ, though likely, remains unconfirmed.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|