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<mods:title id="583783AEB5D53C5338A9E036A99AEA11">A new Vietnamese species and a key to the Oriental species of Pareumenes (Nortonia) de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="16F64140BA6580894709F096F407257F">Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5FFFD4D508F8833884F800" blockId="4.[813,1452,1904,2089]" box="[813,1451,1904,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
<heading id="D0AEDA2FAD5FFFD4D508F8833884F800" bold="true" box="[813,1451,1904,1929]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5FFFD4D508F8833884F800" bold="true" box="[813,1451,1904,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
Key to species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5FFFD4D2A4F8833822F800" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[1153,1293,1905,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5FFFD4D2A4F8833822F800" bold="true" box="[1153,1293,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Pareumenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5FFFD4D508F8623EF0F820" blockId="4.[813,1452,1904,2089]" box="[813,991,1936,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5FFFD4D508F8623EF0F820" bold="true" box="[813,991,1936,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
<collectingRegion id="499DA3A1AD5FFFD4D508F8623EF0F820" box="[813,991,1936,1960]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">Oriental region</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5FFFD4D508F842395AF7A0" blockId="4.[813,1452,1904,2089]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592">
The characters are applicable to both sexes unless the sex is specified. The characters are taken from the description of the species following
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5FFFD4D21CF802399FF781" author="Liu CL" box="[1081,1200,2032,2057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="245 - 289" refId="ref4862" refString="Liu CL (1941) Revisional studies of the Vespidae of China. I. The genus Pareumenes Saussure, with description of six new species (Hemenoptera: Eumeninae). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 8 (6): 245 - 289, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Liu (1941)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5FFFD4D298F8033888F780" author="van der Vecht J" box="[1213,1447,2032,2056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="3 - 113" refId="ref5268" refString="van der Vecht J (1963) Studies on Indo-Australian and East- Asiatic Eumenidae (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 60: 3 - 113." type="journal article" year="1963">van der Vecht (1963)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5FFFD4D508F7E23E80F7A1" author="Kim JK" box="[813,943,2064,2089]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" refId="ref4783" refString="Kim JK (2014) Insect Fauna of Korea. Volume 13, No. 6. Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae: Korean Potter and Mason Wasps. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Korea, 114 pp." type="book" year="2014">Kim (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5FFFD4D5CFF7E2395EF7A0" author="Selis M" box="[1002,1137,2064,2088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="592" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref5087" refString="Selis M (2016) First record of the genus Pareumenes de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Philippine Islands with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 4 (17): 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2016">Selis (2016)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3433EC8AD5EFFD5D6ADFF4F3E29F7C8" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" type="key">
<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADFF4F3E2AFEEB" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFF4F3E2AFE85" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFF4F3E2AFE85" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
1. Parastigma of forewing shorter or slightly longer than stigma, metasomal petiole shorter and wider........................................ ..........................................2 (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5EFFD5D40EFF0A3FD0FE85" authority="de Saussure" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[555,767,247,269]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nortonia">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D40EFF0A3FADFE85" box="[555,642,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">Nortonia</emphasis>
de Saussure
</taxonomicName>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFEE63E2AFEEB" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFEE63E2AFEEB" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
Parastigma of forewing much longer than stigma (slightly greater than 1.5 times as long as stigma), metasomal petiole longer and narrower ... 3 (subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5EFFD5D42EFEBC3FD0FEEB" authority="de Saussure" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[523,767,333,355]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D42EFEBC3FADFEEB" box="[523,642,334,355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">Pareumenes</emphasis>
de Saussure
</taxonomicName>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADFE983E2AFD0B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFE983E29FE7B" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFE983E29FE7B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
2. Clypeus with coarse punctures, border between punctures raised to form longitudinal reticulation, in frontal view as wide as high; lateral side of propodeum deeply emarginate at apex. Clypeus entirely yellow; tergum II with a broad apical yellow band ...............................................
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D424FE2C3F5BFE7B" box="[513,628,478,499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. taiwanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5EFFD5D4A7FE2F3FD1FE7B" author="Sonan J" box="[642,766,477,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" pagination="14 - 16" refId="ref5185" refString="Sonan J (1937) On two Formosan species of the genus Montezumia Saussure. Transactions of the Natural History Society Formosa, 27: 14 - 16." type="journal article" year="1937">Sonan, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFE093E2AFD0B" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFE093E2AFD0B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
Clypeus with sparse and strong punctures, border between punctures smooth, in frontal view 1.1 times as wide as high; lateral side of propodeum shallowly emarginate at apex. Clypeus black with irregular yellow mark in the middle; tergum II entirely black..................................
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5EFFD5D422FD9C3FACFD0A" authority="Nguyen, 2020" authorityName="Nguyen" authorityYear="2020" box="[519,643,621,643]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caoduong" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D422FD9C3FACFD0A" box="[519,643,621,643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. caoduong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E0C2AAD5EFFD5D4B5FD9C3E2AFD0B" box="[656,773,621,643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADFD783E2AFC55" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFD783E2AFCA7" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFD783E2AFCA7" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
3. Dorsal face of propodeum with coarse punctures (except in
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5EFFD5D4D7FD793DD8FD34" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D4D7FD793DD8FD34" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. obtusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with sparser and shallower punctures); tergum III with raised apical lamella, the lamella narrowed laterally; apical teeth of propodeum short, approximately rectangular or round, separated from the valvulae by a semi-circular emargination. .................................................................................................4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFCC53E2AFC55" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFCC53E2AFC55" pageId="5" pageNumber="593"> Dorsal face of propodeum with sparse and strong punctures; tergum III with slightly raised apical lamella, evanescent at lateral sides, or without raised apical lamella; apical teeth of propodeum very sharp and long, separated from the valvulae by a very deep emargination, much greater than a semi-circular. .................................................................................................6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADFC163E2AFB4B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFC163E2AFBC7" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFC163E2AFBC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
4. Vertex with a few distinct punctures near the top of the eyes; prescutal furrow extending about one-fourth the length of the mesoscutum; lateral face of propodeum largely smooth, with very few coarse punctures ......................
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5EFFD5D41CFBC93E2AFBC7" authority="Liu, 1941" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1941" box="[569,773,1082,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D41CFBC93FB1FBC7" box="[569,670,1082,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. obtusus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5EFFD5D483FBC83E2AFBC7" author="Liu CL" box="[678,773,1082,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" pagination="245 - 289" refId="ref4862" refString="Liu CL (1941) Revisional studies of the Vespidae of China. I. The genus Pareumenes Saussure, with description of six new species (Hemenoptera: Eumeninae). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 8 (6): 245 - 289, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Liu, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFBA53E2AFB4B" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFBA53E2AFB4B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593"> Vertex with coarse and dense punctures near the top of the eyes; prescutal furrow extending about one-fifth the length of the mesoscutum; lateral face of propodeum with coarse striae.........................................................................................5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADFB383E29FA6B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFB383E29FADB" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFB383E29FADB" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
5. Male with last antennal segment in recurved position reaching the apex of the tenth segment; clypeus with apical margin wide (slightly greater than one-third of the maximum width of clypeus); propodeum with apical teeth short, approximately rectangular ............................
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D7ECFACC3F79FADA" box="[457,598,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5EFFD5D440FACF3FD1FADB" author="Fabricius JC" box="[613,766,1341,1363]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" refId="ref4683" refString="Fabricius JC (1804) Systema Piezatorum Secundum: Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Brunschweig, 439 pp." type="book" year="1804">Fabricius, 1804</bibRefCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFAA93E29FA6B" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFAA93E29FA6B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
Male with last antennal segment in recurved position not quite reaching the apex of the tenth segment; clypeus with apical margin narrower (one-fourth of the maximum width of clypeus); propodeum with apical teeth sharper, forming an angle of about 60
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D6E3FA3F3DFFFA6A" bold="true" box="[198,208,1485,1506]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">°</emphasis>
.................................
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D7BDFA3C3F13FA6A" box="[408,572,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. brevirostratus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5EFFD5D46EFA3F3FD1FA6B" author="de Saussure H" box="[587,766,1485,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" pagination="6 - 14" refId="ref4611" refString="de Saussure H (1855) Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplement a la Monographie des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris and J. Kessmann, Geneve, pp. 49 - 288, pls. 6 - 14." type="book chapter" year="1855">de Saussure, 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADFA183E2AF9B1" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADFA183E2AF994" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADFA183E2AF994" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">6. Sternum II strongly swollen at about one-third of the sternum from base.................................................................................7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADF9D63E2AF9B1" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" box="[136,773,1572,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADF9D63E2AF9B1" box="[136,773,1572,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593"> Sternum II gradually convex from base to apical margin .....8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADF9B33E2AF838" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADF9B33E28F88B" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADF9B33E28F88B" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
7. Vertex and gena strongly developed; postocellar area raised; semicircular impression on vertex present; mesosoma smooth and shiny, without punctures; tergum I with proportion between long and maximum width shorter and less curved laterally; sternum I with strong transverse striations; tergum II weakly reflexed apically; basal convexity of sternum II bearing a central hump ..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5EFFD5D7DAF91C3E28F88B" authority="Selis, 2016" authorityName="Selis" authorityYear="2016" box="[511,775,1773,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D7DAF91C3FBEF88B" box="[511,657,1774,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. impunctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5EFFD5D4BEF91F3E28F88B" author="Selis M" box="[667,775,1773,1795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref5087" refString="Selis M (2016) First record of the genus Pareumenes de Saussure, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Philippine Islands with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 4 (17): 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2016">Selis, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADF8F93E2AF838" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADF8F93E2AF838" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
Vertex and gena normally developed; postocellar area flattened; vertex without semicircular impression; mesosoma with deep well impressed punctures; tergum I longer and strongly curved in lateral view; sternum I with fine and weak striations; tergum II strongly reflexed apically; basal convexity of sternum II normally rounded .............
<taxonomicName id="4C5916C0AD5EFFD5D795F8693E2AF838" authority="van der Vecht, 1963" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityYear="1963" box="[432,773,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Pareumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D795F8693F1AF838" box="[432,565,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. nigerrimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5EFFD5D418F8693E2AF838" author="van der Vecht J" box="[573,773,1946,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" pagination="3 - 113" refId="ref5268" refString="van der Vecht J (1963) Studies on Indo-Australian and East- Asiatic Eumenidae (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 60: 3 - 113." type="journal article" year="1963">van der Vecht, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE66D43AD5EFFD5D6ADF8453E29F7C8" blockId="5.[136,776,189,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyLead id="30A8CE76AD5EFFD5D6ADF8453E29F7C8" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
<keyStep id="30AD75E6AD5EFFD5D6ADF8453E29F7C8" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">
8. Punctures on head, mesoscutum, and mesepisternum very coarse; metanotum with distinct punctures; mesosoma covered with dense black pubescence. Body entirely black, with small yellow spots between antennae and antennal scape; wings yellowish..........................................
<emphasis id="B92DB151AD5EFFD5D428F7D93F59F7B7" box="[525,630,2090,2112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="593">P. pullatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC810B2AD5EFFD5D4A0F7D83FD1F7C8" author="Smith F" box="[645,766,2090,2112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="593" pagination="6 - 48" refId="ref5134" refString="Smith F (1864) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the islands of Mysol, Ceram, Waigiou, Bouru and Timor. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 7: 6 - 48." type="journal article" year="1864">Smith, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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