152 lines
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152 lines
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<document id="70E100CE405660AE6A670213BE92BA0E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efd85aa0-d2a5-4d72-8125-6d45ab6935fc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="224051" ID-ZooBank="4D73C473-2533-4E1B-A039-113DF838F42A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460572518824" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2013" docId="03C187996A44073CFF00FC7DE26A874C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03609p420.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3609 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dichotomius sexdentatus Luederwaldt" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="416" masterDocId="FFF8FFE16A410739FF97FFF6E12B827D" masterDocTitle="New brachypterous species of Dichotomius Hope, with taxonomic notes in the subgenus Luederwaldtinia Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="420" masterPageNumber="411" pageNumber="416" updateTime="1698322432242" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="19155608D53FDACFD112F6145D51B8B3">
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<mods:title id="907E50FB29D823D0C78DC00B8070132D">New brachypterous species of Dichotomius Hope, with taxonomic notes in the subgenus Luederwaldtinia Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D03198720974877DAAD977BDEC1CDB03" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4630B8C8DC43EE789F7A948B8253C5EE">Nunes, Rafael V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5E1900E055220EB5F3D13CCE8C15D54D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0F882795261FB131632B030BD7C618B8">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A9FA47F4897BDE095D365343B1C37A3C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="873C7DADFC8F0BE409459E2761C97AC8">
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<mods:title id="B7D42D270C07D5B9DC47E42A99D179F6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="186A2FFA26F8906B08034E35750EDED1">
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<mods:date id="6407E4A2B9BBF4A90F7588390B4219BF">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="90704816E31E347CDFA1E5FC44BBF656" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="1C792C2635FE8E3D5C9C41F5C81C628B">2013-01-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5053FFB78C1B7F7402FFD11006C37B3E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="55ED7DF04ECA30078B763F7E2D215A99">3609</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F8C569B5C56C9867BB58FF145B7B7315" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="ADC712EF4CD7D78232988BD8D2F61814">4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:classification id="64D5E56054A03400E2C9AB90F262B82D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="255F7F545E8C664CE9114FF549EFC867" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3609.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C187996A44073CFF00FC7DE26A874C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6148982" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159868438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6148982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187996A44073CFF00FC7DE26A874C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187996A44073CFF00FC7DE26A874C" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
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<subSubSection id="C37265046A44073CFF00FC7DE53481D9" box="[151,1055,907,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD7368F6A44073CFF00FC7DE53481D9" blockId="5.[151,1436,907,1329]" box="[151,1055,907,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFF00FC7DE53481D9" bold="true" box="[151,1055,907,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFF00FC7DE34681D9" ID-CoL="35NCY" authority="(Luederwaldt)" authorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[151,621,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFF00FC7DE09281D9" bold="true" box="[151,441,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Dichotomius sexdentatus</emphasis>
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(Luederwaldt)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFD30FC7AE53481D9" authority="(Luederwaldt)" authorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[679,1055,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicicornis">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFD30FC7AE24781D9" bold="true" box="[679,876,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. simplicicornis</emphasis>
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(Luederwaldt)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37265046A44073CFF50FC59E26A874C" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD7368F6A44073CFF50FC59E0828625" blockId="5.[151,1436,907,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B7E6A44073CFF50FC59E08081BA" author="Luederwaldt, H." box="[199,427,943,967]" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" pagination="207 - 216" part="20" refId="ref7939" refString="Luederwaldt, H. (1936) Notas complementares " As especies Brasileiras do genero Pinotus ". Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 207 - 216." title="Notas complementares " As especies Brasileiras do genero Pinotus" type="journal article" year="1936">Luederwaldt (1936)</bibRefCitation>
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created the
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFDD2FC47E3CF81B5" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[581,740,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaratus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFDD2FC47E37281B5" box="[581,601,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFDFAFC46E3CF81B5" box="[621,740,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">calcaratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group to accommodate
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFBF1FC47E45B81BA" authority="(Arrow)" authorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1126,1392,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaratus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFBF1FC47E42F81B5" box="[1126,1284,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. calcaratus</emphasis>
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(Arrow)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFA16FC47E0EF8191" authority="(Luederwaldt)" authorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFA16FC47E0318191" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. sexdentatus</emphasis>
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(Luederwaldt)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFD97FC23E2478191" authority="(Luederwaldt)" authorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[512,876,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicicornis">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFD97FC23E3EA8191" box="[512,705,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. simplicicornis</emphasis>
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(Luederwaldt)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B7E6A44073CFCE0FC22E54C8191" author="Vulcano, M. A. & Pereira, F. S. & Martinez, A." box="[887,1127,980,1004]" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" pagination="515 - 530" part="19" refId="ref8469" refString="Vulcano, M. A., Pereira, F. S. & Martinez, A. (1976) Notas sobre Scarabaeoidea Americana (Col. Lamellicornia). Studia Entomologica, 19, 515 - 530." title="Notas sobre Scarabaeoidea Americana (Col. Lamellicornia)" type="journal article" year="1976">
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Vulcano
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFC4BFC23E5258191" box="[988,1038,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">et al</emphasis>
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. (1976)
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</bibRefCitation>
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transfered
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFB72FC23E4558191" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1253,1406,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaratus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFB72FC23E4558191" box="[1253,1406,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. calcaratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFF53FC0FE016866D" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[196,317,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buqueti">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFF53FC0FE1F3866D" box="[196,216,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFF7EFC0EE016866D" box="[233,317,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">buqueti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (then in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFD65FC0EE2AA866D" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1838" box="[754,897,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFD65FC0EE2AA866D" box="[754,897,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Dichotomius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). With the transfer of the nominate species to another species group, the two remaining species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFD65FBEBE2B78649" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[754,924,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFD65FBEBE2B78649" box="[754,924,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. sexdentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFC48FBEBE58E8649" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[991,1189,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicicornis">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFC48FBEBE58E8649" box="[991,1189,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. simplicicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be placed in different species groups.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD7368F6A44073CFF50FB92E26A874C" blockId="5.[151,1436,907,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
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After examining the
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<typeStatus id="54D3882D6A44073CFE2DFB92E3378601" box="[442,540,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(MZSP), we place
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFC92FB93E2858601" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[773,942,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentatus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFC92FB93E2858601" box="[773,942,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. sexdentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFB92FB93E5B78601" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1029,1180,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinicollis">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFB92FB93E5328601" box="[1029,1049,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFBBCFB92E5B78601" box="[1067,1180,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">crinicollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group for the following reasons: it has a tooth on clypeal genal junction (
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<figureCitation id="13532A0A6A44073CFCC5FB71E2B286E2" box="[850,921,1159,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[185,1391,209,1379]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[167,1403,195,1387]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dichotomius eucranioides (A) black arrow indicating crenulated clypeal margin; D. sexdentatus (B) black arrow indicating tooth or protuberance on clypeogenal junction (this is also seen on D. eucranioides); D. nisus (C) black arrow indicating the asymmetry of the parameres; D. crinicollis (D) black arrows indicating pilosity on the hypomeron; D. superbus (E) white arrow indicating gibbosities on the pronotum; D. schiffleri (D. sericeus species group) (F) white arrow indicating a fovea on the posterior angle of the pronotum; D. speciosus (G) black arrows indicating cephalic transversal carina; D. agenor (H) black arrow indicating male cephalic carina; D. glaucus (D. carbornarius species group) (I) elytra microsculpture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224053/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B) and its hypomeron bears dense, long and curved, red pilosity (
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<figureCitation id="13532A0A6A44073CFE1BFB5AE0F886B9" box="[396,467,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[185,1391,209,1379]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[167,1403,195,1387]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dichotomius eucranioides (A) black arrow indicating crenulated clypeal margin; D. sexdentatus (B) black arrow indicating tooth or protuberance on clypeogenal junction (this is also seen on D. eucranioides); D. nisus (C) black arrow indicating the asymmetry of the parameres; D. crinicollis (D) black arrows indicating pilosity on the hypomeron; D. superbus (E) white arrow indicating gibbosities on the pronotum; D. schiffleri (D. sericeus species group) (F) white arrow indicating a fovea on the posterior angle of the pronotum; D. speciosus (G) black arrows indicating cephalic transversal carina; D. agenor (H) black arrow indicating male cephalic carina; D. glaucus (D. carbornarius species group) (I) elytra microsculpture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224053/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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D). After examining the
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<typeStatus id="54D3882D6A44073CFD6FFB5AE27186B9" box="[760,858,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFC1FFB5BE56686B9" baseAuthorityName="Luederwaldt" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[904,1101,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicicornis">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFC1FFB5BE56686B9" box="[904,1101,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D. simplicicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(located in the NHML) and scrutinizing the original description, we place this species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D0C6A44073CFC15FB27E2DD8695" baseAuthorityName="Harold" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[898,1014,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agenor">
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFC15FB27E2BD8695" box="[898,918,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">D</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91CEA9D6A44073CFC30FB27E2DD8695" box="[935,1014,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">agenor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group based on the cephalic horn in males constituting a transverse carina with a strong central tooth and two lateral teeth (
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<figureCitation id="13532A0A6A44073CFB2CFB02E5D48771" box="[1211,1279,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[185,1391,209,1379]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[167,1403,195,1387]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dichotomius eucranioides (A) black arrow indicating crenulated clypeal margin; D. sexdentatus (B) black arrow indicating tooth or protuberance on clypeogenal junction (this is also seen on D. eucranioides); D. nisus (C) black arrow indicating the asymmetry of the parameres; D. crinicollis (D) black arrows indicating pilosity on the hypomeron; D. superbus (E) white arrow indicating gibbosities on the pronotum; D. schiffleri (D. sericeus species group) (F) white arrow indicating a fovea on the posterior angle of the pronotum; D. speciosus (G) black arrows indicating cephalic transversal carina; D. agenor (H) black arrow indicating male cephalic carina; D. glaucus (D. carbornarius species group) (I) elytra microsculpture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224053/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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H), which is a shared characteristic with other species in this species group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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