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380 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623" ID-PMC="PMC5742233" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-91-85" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CE68FF91A3344649FFD1FFF24832FB58" ID-PubMed="29308040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138453" ModsDocID="1314-2003-91-85" checkinTime="1513363303049" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, Melissa A." docDate="2017" docId="F82553A59AE15B8F9D635FE90FA5407C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 91: 85-104" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 91" docPubDate="2017-12-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623" docTitle="Cyrtandra gregoryi M. A. Johnson 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="CE68FF91A3344649FFD1FFF24832FB58" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="CE68FF91A3344649FFD1FFF24832FB58" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the South Pacific islands of Fiji" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668142167310" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the South Pacific islands of Fiji</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, Melissa A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont Graduate University, 1500 N. College Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">melissa.johnson@cgu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-12-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>91</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>85</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-91-85</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CE68FF91A3344649FFD1FFF24832FB58</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1138453</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F82553A59AE15B8F9D635FE90FA5407C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F82553A59AE15B8F9D635FE90FA5407C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F82553A5-9AE1-5B8F-9D63-5FE90FA5407C" authority="M. A. Johnson" authorityName="M. A. Johnson" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra gregoryi" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregoryi" status="sp. nov.">Cyrtandra gregoryi M.A.Johnson</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cyrtandra gregoryi M. A. Johnson A Habit B Inflorescence C Corolla, anterior view D Calyx E Flower, lateral view F Gynoecium. Drawn from Johnson 105 (RSA) and field images." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174654" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cyrtandra gregoryi M. A. Johnson and closest relative (C. ciliata) based on a molecular phylogeny by Johnson et al. (2017). A C. gregoryi shrub habit B C. gregoryi corolla, anterior view C C. gregoryi flower, lateral view D C. gregoryi axillary cyme inflorescence E C. gregoryi adaxial leaf surface F C. ciliata corolla, anterior view G C. ciliata flower, lateral view H C. ciliata cauliflorous cyme inflorescence. All photos taken in the field by M. Johnson." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174655" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. A. Johnson" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra gregoryi" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Cyrtandra gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ciliata" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. ciliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Seem. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cyrtandra gregoryi M. A. Johnson and closest relative (C. ciliata) based on a molecular phylogeny by Johnson et al. (2017). A C. gregoryi shrub habit B C. gregoryi corolla, anterior view C C. gregoryi flower, lateral view D C. gregoryi axillary cyme inflorescence E C. gregoryi adaxial leaf surface F C. ciliata corolla, anterior view G C. ciliata flower, lateral view H C. ciliata cauliflorous cyme inflorescence. All photos taken in the field by M. Johnson." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174655" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">2</figureCitation>
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), but differs in its elliptic to ovate leaves up to 39
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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17 cm (vs. lanceolate to ovate leaves up to 28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12 cm), axillary inflorescences with indument of brown trichomes (vs. cauliflorous inflorescences with indument of white trichomes), pale green calyces 6-13 mm long that are cleft unequally into lanceolate coriaceous lobes (vs. calyces white, 7-10 mm long, cleft nearly to the base into equal linear-lanceolate lobes), these splitting along two to three sutures and recurving after anthesis (vs. remaining erect after anthesis), and corollas with exserted style and stamens (vs. style and stamens included).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-08-04" collectorName="M. A. Johnson, G. J. Hora" country="FIJI" county="Wainibau" elevation="32" latitude="-16.868334" location="Taveuni" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-179.90533" municipality="Lavena" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Fiji">FIJI</collectingCountry>
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.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F82553A59AE15B8F9D635FE90FA5407C:3C1760679745E87BC9637B10B9B67EF3" country="FIJI" county="Wainibau" latitude="-16.868334" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-179.90533" municipality="Lavena" name="Taveuni">Taveuni</location>
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: near the end of the
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<collectingMunicipality>Lavena</collectingMunicipality>
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coastal walk along the
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<collectingCounty>Wainibau</collectingCounty>
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stream, ca.
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<locationDeviation location="Lavena Village">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
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NW of Lavena Village
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="52.10" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-16.868334">16°52.10'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="179" direction="west" minutes="54.32" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-179.90533">179°54.32'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="32.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elev.,
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<collectingDate value="2014-08-04">04 August 2014</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<collectorName>M.A. Johnson</collectorName>
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105
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</emphasis>
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with
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<collectorName>G.J. Hora</collectorName>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">RSA</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138455" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174654" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. A. Johnson" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra gregoryi" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Cyrtandra gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M.A.Johnson
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
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Inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
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Corolla, anterior view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
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Calyx
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
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Flower, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
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Gynoecium. Drawn from Johnson 105 (
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">RSA</collectingCountry>
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) and field images.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138461" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174655" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. A. Johnson" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra gregoryi" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Cyrtandra gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M.A.Johnson and closest relative (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ciliata" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. ciliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) based on a molecular phylogeny by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" author="Johnson, MA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="101" pagination="30 - 48" refId="B10" refString="Johnson, MA, Clark, JR, Wagner, WL, McDade, LA, 2017. A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 116: 30 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" title="A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" volume="116" year="2017">Johnson et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shrub habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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corolla, anterior view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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flower, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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axillary cyme inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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adaxial leaf surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ciliata" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. ciliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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corolla, anterior view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">G</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ciliata" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. ciliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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flower, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">H</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ciliata" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. ciliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cauliflorous cyme inflorescence. All photos taken in the field by M. Johnson.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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Shrub 0.9-2.2 m tall;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">stems</emphasis>
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unbranched to few-branched, with a dense indument of dark brown uniseriate multicellular trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Leaves</emphasis>
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opposite, internodes 2-7 cm long, blades elliptic to ovate to obovate, 22-39 cm long, 7-17 cm wide, upper surface sparsely strigillose, lower surface glabrate except for the densely pubescent 9-13 secondary veins on each side, margins serrulate to subentire, apex acute, base cuneate to rounded, petioles 5-11 cm long, densely pubescent with short brown trichomes;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">inflorescence</emphasis>
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an axillary cyme with dense brown pubescence on the peduncles and pedicels, 3-22 flowers, cymules 1-4 flowered, peduncle to 31 mm long, terminated by bracts to 6 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, deciduous after anthesis, pedicels to 31 mm long;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">calyx</emphasis>
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6-13 mm long, outer surface pale green and moderately pubescent with appressed dark brown uniseriate trichomes, inner surface white and papillate, unequally cleft into 5 lanceolate coriaceous lobes, 3-10 mm long, apex acuminate, upper lobes occasionally connate, often continuing to split along two or three sutures and curl back after anthesis, deciduous;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">corolla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
white, tube funnelform, slightly curved near mid point, 23-27 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, outer surface glabrate to densely pubescent with short glandular trichomes, inner surface glabrous, upper lobes 5-7 mm long and 5-6 mm wide, lower lobe 7-8 mm long and 5-6 mm wide, lobes recurving after anthesis;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">stamens</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2, ca. 9 mm long, becoming exserted from the corolla tube during ovulate phase, base of the filaments bright orange, anthers apically connate, staminodes 3;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">nectary disc</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
cupulate, annular;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">gynoecium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(ovary, style, and stigma) 16-24 mm long, ovary glabrous, style pubescent with capitate glandular trichomes, exserted, stigma shallowly bilobed;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">fruit</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
not seen.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. A. Johnson" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra gregoryi" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Cyrtandra gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is only known from two locations in eastern Taveuni, Fiji, where it grows in lowland forests and along stream banks from ca. 30-50 m (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Cyrtandra gregoryi and C. hispida on Taveuni, Fiji." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174656" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138463" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174656" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. A. Johnson" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra gregoryi" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Cyrtandra gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hispida" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. hispida</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
on Taveuni, Fiji.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="phenology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Individuals of this species were in flower when collected in August and November, with fruits likely becoming mature ca. 5-6 months later.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">I am pleased to name this new species after my husband, Gregory Hora, to whom I am most grateful for his assistance in collecting this and other species across Fiji.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="phylogenetic placement">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Phylogenetic placement.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
|
|||
|
|
A recent phylogenetic study by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" author="Johnson, MA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="101" pagination="30 - 48" refId="B10" refString="Johnson, MA, Clark, JR, Wagner, WL, McDade, LA, 2017. A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 116: 30 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" title="A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" volume="116" year="2017">Johnson et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
placed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. A. Johnson" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra gregoryi" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Cyrtandra gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sister to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ciliata" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">C. ciliata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with strong support (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A portion of the Maximum Likelihood phylogram from Johnson et al. (2017) based on three nuclear (ITS, ETS, Cyrt 1) and two chloroplast (psb A- trn H, rpl 32 - trn L) loci. Support values shown for each branch are bootstrap and posterior probabilities when ≥ 50 % and ≥ 0.50, respectively. An asterisk indicates 100 % BS or 1.0 PP; a dash indicates that the branch was not supported." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174657" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">4</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra ciliata" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Cyrtandra ciliata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is endemic to the Fijian islands of Vanua Levu, Taveuni, and Koro from 300-1100 m
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="88" start="start">elevation</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
. These species share a cymose inflorescence and glabrous to glabrate leaves. The key provided in the taxonomic treatment by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gillett, GW" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="15" pageNumber="100" pagination="107 - 159" refId="B5" refString="Gillett, GW, 1967. The genus Cyrtandra in Fiji. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 37: 107 - 159" title="The genus Cyrtandra in Fiji." volume="37" year="1967">Gillett (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
would place
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in species Group 5 based on the branching cyme inflorescence, non-woody inflorescence axis, deciduous calyx, styles and/or stamens being exserted from the corolla tube, and stamens 8-12 mm long.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138465" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21623.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174657" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
A portion of the Maximum Likelihood phylogram from
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" author="Johnson, MA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="101" pagination="30 - 48" refId="B10" refString="Johnson, MA, Clark, JR, Wagner, WL, McDade, LA, 2017. A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 116: 30 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" title="A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004" volume="116" year="2017">Johnson et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
based on three nuclear (ITS, ETS,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Cyrt</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1) and two chloroplast (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">psb</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
A-
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">trn</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
H,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">rpl</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
32-
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">trn</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
L) loci. Support values shown for each branch are bootstrap and posterior probabilities when ≥ 50% and ≥ 0.50, respectively. An asterisk indicates 100% BS or 1.0 PP; a dash indicates that the branch was not supported.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" type="conservation status">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Proposed IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN) based on an estimated area of occupancy of <500 km2 (criterion B2), known to exist at no more than five locations (B2a), inferred decline in area of occupancy (B2bii), decline in area, extent, and/or quality of habitat (B2biii), decline in number of mature individuals (B2bv), and population size estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals (D).</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
|
|||
|
|
Although Bouma National Heritage Park protects ca. 15,000 hectares of intact rainforest on eastern Taveuni, indigenous Fijians are permitted to clear land near villages for agriculture. As a result, large areas of coastal forest are increasingly being cleared for dalo (taro,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Colocasia esculenta" order="Alismatales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Colocasia esculenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(L.) Schott) and yaqona (kava,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piper methysticum" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="methysticum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Piper methysticum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
L.f.), the two main export crops of Taveuni. Given that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
appears to be restricted to low-elevation forests, it is highly likely that individuals of this species were extirpated during clearing for human settlements and agriculture. Invasive plants are also a major threat to native plants in the area; mile-a-minute vine (kudzu,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pueraria lobata" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Pueraria lobata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Willd.) Ohwi) may be particularly problematic as it rapidly grows over trees and shrubs and can
|
|||
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="89" start="start">kill</pageBreakToken>
|
|||
|
|
other plants with heavy shading. Lastly, anthropogenic-induced climate change is a threat to island plant communities. Tropical cyclones are expected to increase in intensity and severity in the coming years (Emmanuel 2005, Knutson 2010), and can have devastating effects on island vegetation due to high winds, flooding, and storm surges (e.g., Cyclone Pam in 2015 caused extensive damage to
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vanuatu’s">Vanuatu's</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
forests). Most recently, Cyclone Winston, the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in the South Pacific Basin in recorded history, ravaged the islands of Fiji in February of 2016. The coastal regions of eastern Taveuni were inundated by massive storm surges, and much of the vegetation was damaged by winds of up to 185 mph. Although forested regions can often regenerate after a natural disaster if given sufficient time, recent research in the South Pacific suggests that a cyclone can be a catalyst for human-coping strategies that increase pressure on forest ecosystems and exposes them to invasive plant species (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.11.022" author="Goulding, W" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="15" pageNumber="100" pagination="143 - 152" refId="B7" refString="Goulding, W, Moss, PT, McAlpine, CA, 2016. Cascading effects of cyclones on the biodiversity of Southwest Pacific islands. Biological Conservation 193: 143 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.11.022" title="Cascading effects of cyclones on the biodiversity of Southwest Pacific islands." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.11.022" volume="193" year="2016">Goulding et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-11-19" collectorName="J. C. Game, S. Fawcett" country="FIJI" location="Taveuni" municipality="Tavoro Falls Trail in Bouma National Heritage Park" specimenCount="1">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry name="Fiji">FIJI</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F82553A59AE15B8F9D635FE90FA5407C:403EA0EC911469D239DA070870C678D4" country="FIJI" municipality="Tavoro Falls Trail in Bouma National Heritage Park" name="Taveuni">Taveuni</location>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality>Tavoro Falls Trail in Bouma National Heritage Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate value="2016-11-19">19 November 2016</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName>J.C. Game</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
16/235
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
with
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName>S. Fawcett</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
(PTBG)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="89" type="notes">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Notes.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
|||
|
|
Eight individuals of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were recorded during field surveys along the Lavena coastal trail, with all of these being reproductive. Additional field surveys in the area are likely to reveal more individuals. No other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Cyrtandra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species were observed growing sympatrically with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in the Lavena region, although
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tempestii" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="tempestii">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">C. tempestii</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Horne ex. C.B. Clarke was collected 0.64 km to the SE. An additional collection was made of a single individual of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gregoryi" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gregoryi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">C. gregoryi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
near the Tavoro Falls in Bouma National Heritage Park, an area that also hosts
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ciliata" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">C. ciliata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|