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<document id="778543B1EE5E8B99F177D321A7C2E738" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a09b779-2166-4305-9d3e-53effb06f108" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253532" ID-ZooBank="46DE9DD6-55E3-4BF5-A2AF-A058A0294A72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461257984528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. &amp; Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="F37C6616FFF5FFFFA0B6F99AD85AFF11" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03985p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3985 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Artitropa erinnys subsp. comoranum Oberthur 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="0F451E6EFFD1FFD9A021FFF2DB4CFFC5" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1698608568688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2D5D0F21853E7A491231A09D47DF8A2D">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4287885EA26F8457F4EE888E4602EEDC">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15F04A5810A1BB5A70990923E70B7588">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="F37C6616FFF5FFFFA0B6F99AD85AFF11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6527957" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119636494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6527957" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F37C6616FFF5FFFFA0B6F99AD85AFF11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F37C6616FFF5FFFFA0B6F99AD85AFF11" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFF5FFFDA0B6F99AD98BF947" box="[151,711,1640,1666]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF5FFFDA0B6F99AD98BF947" blockId="36.[151,711,1640,1666]" box="[151,711,1640,1666]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
<heading id="2022606CFFF5FFFDA0B6F99AD98BF947" bold="true" box="[151,711,1640,1666]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF5FFFDA0B6F99AD98BF947" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,711,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="comoranum">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF5FFFDA0B6F99AD98BF947" bold="true" box="[151,711,1640,1666]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF5FFFDA0B6F99AD94DF947" bold="true" box="[151,513,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Artitropa erinnys comoranum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFF5FFFDA226F99AD98BF947" author="Oberthur" box="[519,711,1640,1666]" firstAuthor="Oberthur" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" pagination="177" refId="ref31960" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) II. - Hesperidae. Observations sur une centurie d'especes de Lepidopteres rhopaloceres malgaches. Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee, par Charles Oberthur, 11, 177 - 244, plates 136 - 137." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFF5FFFDA0B6F95DDE26F8F1" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF5FFFDA0B6F95DDE26F8F1" blockId="36.[151,1436,1711,2024]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
This subspecies was described from Grande
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA2BFF942D9B4F90D" box="[670,760,1712,1736]" name="Comoros" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Comore</collectingCountry>
(Njazidja,
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA35CF942D8A9F90D" box="[893,997,1712,1736]" name="Comoros" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Comoros</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFF5FFFDA3DFF95DDFE7F90D" author="Oberthur" box="[1022,1195,1711,1736]" firstAuthor="Oberthur" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" pagination="177" refId="ref31960" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) II. - Hesperidae. Observations sur une centurie d'especes de Lepidopteres rhopaloceres malgaches. Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee, par Charles Oberthur, 11, 177 - 244, plates 136 - 137." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür 1916</bibRefCitation>
), and also occurs on Anjouan (Nzwani,
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA14FF926DA9AF929" box="[366,470,1748,1772]" name="Comoros" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Comoros</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFF5FFFDA1CCF921D939F929" author="Turlin" box="[493,629,1747,1772]" firstAuthor="Turlin" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" pagination="197" refId="ref32982" refString="Turlin, B. (1995) Faune lepidopterique de l'Archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien). (Rhopaloceres, Sphingidae, Attacidae) (6). Lambillionea, 95, 197 - 210." type="journal article" year="1995">Turlin 1995</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA295F926D85DF929" box="[692,785,1748,1772]" name="Mayotte" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
(Overseas Department of
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA41DF926DFC6F929" box="[1084,1162,1748,1772]" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">France</collectingCountry>
) (ABRI collection), and can be expected to occur on other islands of the Comoro archipelago where its food plants occur. ABRI collectors have reared this subspecies many times since 1978 from
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF5FFFDA335F8EED8CFF8F1" box="[788,899,1819,1844]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF5FFFDA335F8EED8CFF8F1" box="[788,899,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">D. reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Grande
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA427F8EEDF2FF8F1" box="[1030,1123,1820,1844]" name="Comoros" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Comore</collectingCountry>
, Anjouan and
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA524F8EEDE2AF8F1" box="[1285,1382,1820,1844]" name="Mayotte" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFF5FFFFA0E6F8B2D85AFF11" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" type="description">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF5FFFCA0E6F8B2D962FED8" blockId="36.[151,1436,1711,2024]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
We also show photographs of caterpillars and a pupa collected on
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF5FFFDA38AF8B2DF56F89D" box="[939,1050,1855,1880]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF5FFFDA38AF8B2DF56F89D" box="[939,1050,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">D. reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Grande
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF5FFFDA4A0F8B2DF92F89D" box="[1153,1246,1856,1880]" name="Comoros" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Comore</collectingCountry>
, mostly taken by Alain Gauthier (
<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFF5FFFDA175F891DA85F8B9" box="[340,457,1891,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1580,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,267,1555]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 34. Early stages of Artitropa erinnys comoranum, collected on Dracaena reflexa, Grande Comore, Comoro Islands; 1 – 4, final instar caterpillar; 5, pupa. 1, 3 – 5, Moroni, 3 – 9 Sep 2014 [© Alain Gauthier]; 2, 13 Apr 2004 [TCEC]. 1, dorsal / dorsolateral view in shelter; 35 mm; 2, detail of head, anterior view; 3, detail of head, anterodorsolateral view; 4, detail of head, anterodorsolateral view; 5, newly formed pupa, dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253567/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Figure 34</figureCitation>
). The head of the final instar caterpillar collected by TCEC (Figure 34.2) is yellow brown, with the adfrontals and frons concolorous; just two relatively small black spots on the face on each epicranium, comparable to the form of the caterpillar
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF5FFFDA331F85ED8D1F801" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[784,925,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF5FFFDA331F85ED8D1F801" box="[784,925,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">A. e. ehlersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nguru Mountains (Figure 28.3–4). In contrast, one caterpillar photographed by Alain Gauthier, has three additional dark dashes dorsally on the adfrontals and frons, comparable to the caterpillar attributed to
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF4FFFCA34BFF6AD8BFFF75" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[874,1011,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA34BFF6AD8BFFF75" box="[874,1011,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">A. e. ehlersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFF4FFFCA444FF6ADFE2FF75" box="[1125,1198,152,176]" name="Kenya" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">Kenya</collectingCountry>
Coast (Figure 28.1), while the other has more strongly developed markings on the adfrontals and frons, and lateral spots on the epicranium, comparable to the caterpillars of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF4FFFCA284FF12D87EFF3D" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[677,818,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="nyasae">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA284FF12D87EFF3D" box="[677,818,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">A. e. nyasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Ruo Gorge (Figure 29.1–2). The newly formed pupa (Figure 34.5) has no markings.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2FAA8788FFF4FFFCA0B6F90EDADBF8AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253566/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" targetBox="[151,1436,361,1739]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF4FFFCA0B6F90EDADBF8AA" blockId="37.[151,1436,1788,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA0B6F90EDA6DF8D7" bold="true" box="[151,289,1788,1810]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">FIGURE 33.</emphasis>
Caterpillar, pupa and adult of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF4FFFCA241F90FD82FF8D6" authority="erinnys" authorityName="erinnys Trimen" authorityYear="1862" box="[608,867,1789,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="erinnys">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA241F90FD82FF8D6" box="[608,867,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">Artitropa erinnys erinnys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF4FFFCA3B3F90CDF3BF8D7" authorityName="Bos" authorityYear="1992" baseAuthorityName="Haw." box="[914,1143,1788,1811]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aletriformis">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA3B3F90CDF3BF8D7" box="[914,1143,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">Dracaena aletriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Scotburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa [SCC].
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA14EF8E9DAD9F8F4" bold="true" box="[367,405,1819,1841]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">1–3</emphasis>
, final instar caterpillar:
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA2ADF8E9D9D5F8F4" bold="true" box="[652,665,1819,1841]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">1</emphasis>
, head, anterodorsal view, 26 Sep 2004;
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA413F8E9DF73F8F4" bold="true" box="[1074,1087,1819,1841]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">2</emphasis>
, dorsolateral view;
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA52BF8E9DE5BF8F4" bold="true" box="[1290,1303,1819,1841]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">3</emphasis>
, dorsolateral view.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA0F4F8C8DBB7F895" bold="true" box="[213,251,1850,1872]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">4–5</emphasis>
, pupa:
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA16DF8C8DA15F895" bold="true" box="[332,345,1850,1872]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">4</emphasis>
, dorsolateral view, 23 Sep 2004;
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA29BF8C8D98AF895" bold="true" box="[698,710,1850,1872]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">5</emphasis>
, lateral view, 23 Sep 2004.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA3CEF8C8DF59F895" bold="true" box="[1007,1045,1850,1872]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">7–8</emphasis>
, adult female, 26 Sep 2004:
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA567F8C8DE1FF895" bold="true" box="[1350,1363,1850,1872]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">7</emphasis>
, upper surface;
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF4FFFCA0CCF8ABDBB6F8AA" bold="true" box="[237,250,1881,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">8</emphasis>
, under surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFF4FFFFA0E6F86ED85AFF11" blockId="37.[151,1436,1947,2008]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">
We have examined images of just three caterpillars in preparing this account, and they show considerable variation, paralleling that found in different populations in mainland Africa. This highlights the need to understand the extent of individual variation in separate populations and subspecies before coming to firm conclusions about the differences observed in the early stages of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFF7FFFFA2BCFF4ED842FF11" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1862" box="[669,782,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinnys">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFF7FFFFA2BCFF4ED842FF11" box="[669,782,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="339">A. erinnys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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