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<document id= "D2FA2CD270BACFB2BD9B648A46E1BA5B" ID-DOI= "10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1" ID-ISSN= "1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12781855" IM.bibliography_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor= "GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy= "felipe" checkinTime= "1721360289902" checkinUser= "felipe" docAuthor= "Colombo, Marco" docDate= "2006" docId= "03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" docLanguage= "en" docName= "Euscorpius.36.1-40.pdf" docOrigin= "Euscorpius 36 (36)" docSource= "https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2006/iss36/1/" docStyle= "DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId= "05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName= "Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion= "3" docTitle= "Euscorpius italicus" docType= "treatment" docVersion= "2" lastPageNumber= "27" masterDocId= "FFC1FFBA6C0AFF86664CFF83E60AFFCE" masterDocTitle= "New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)" masterLastPageNumber= "40" masterPageNumber= "1" pageNumber= "23" updateTime= "1721381580369" updateUser= "ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document= "CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures= "CC-BY-4.0" >
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<mods:title id= "4BDC4F0F9A6FC736C657F88779C4DCEE" > New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id= "E2A41C2A44E8E6678BCE08860D709ECC" > Colombo, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id= "03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" LSID= "urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" httpUri= "http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" lastPageId= "28" lastPageNumber= "27" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" >
<subSubSection id= "C34B655F6C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" box= "[945,1326,751,774]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" type= "nomenclature" >
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" blockId= "24.[945,1326,751,805]" box= "[945,1326,751,774]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" >
<heading id= "D0A681B86C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" box= "[945,1326,751,774]" centered= "true" fontSize= "10" level= "2" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" reason= "4" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" ID-CoL= "3D93R" authority= "(Herbst, 1800)" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[945,1326,751,774]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" bold= "true" box= "[945,1326,751,774]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C12FF9E65FDFD6CE28EFCC8" bold= "true" box= "[945,1156,751,774]" italics= "true" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Euscorpius italicus</emphasis>
(Herbst, 1800)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id= "C34B655F6C12FF9E65B4FC8DE2ECFCEB" box= "[1016,1254,782,805]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" type= "description" >
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C12FF9E65B4FC8DE2ECFCEB" blockId= "24.[945,1326,751,805]" box= "[1016,1254,782,805]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" >
(
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<figureCitation id= "136A2A516C12FF9E624DFC8DE288FCEB" box= "[1025,1154,782,805]" captionStart-0= "Figure 17" captionStart-1= "Figure 18" captionStart-2= "Figure 19" captionStart-3= "Figure 20" captionStartId-0= "25.[192,268,999,1022]" captionStartId-1= "25.[192,268,1898,1921]" captionStartId-2= "26.[192,268,1922,1945]" captionStartId-3= "27.[192,268,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox-0= "[189,1443,165,976]" captionTargetBox-1= "[189,1443,1064,1875]" captionTargetBox-2= "[274,1395,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-3= "[189,1441,251,1707]" captionTargetId-0= "figure-7@25.[192,1440,168,973]" captionTargetId-1= "figure-34@25.[192,1440,1067,1872]" captionTargetId-2= "figure-12@26.[277,1392,171,1896]" captionTargetId-3= "figure-8@27.[192,1438,254,1704]" captionTargetPageId-0= "25" captionTargetPageId-1= "25" captionTargetPageId-2= "26" captionTargetPageId-3= "27" captionText-0= "Figure 17: Euscorpius (Polytrichobothrius) italicus, subadult female, Busto Arsizio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1= "Figure 18: A subadult female of E. italicus surprised catching a caterpillar (Malacosoma neustria) in Peschiera Maraglio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-2= "Figure 19: High rocky cliffs are the most favorable environment for thermophylous species as E. italicus (Peschiera Maraglio, Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-3= "Figure 20: E. italicus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy): 1. Fermo; 2. Monte Isola; 3. Cislano; 4. Campo; 5. Ceraino; 6. Varallo Pombia; 7. Cernobbio; 8. Isola Comacina; 9. Onno; 10. Cittiglio; 11. Busto Arsizio; 12. Montichiari; 13. Ferrara; 14. Felino; 15. Montechiarugolo; 16. Torrechiara; 17. San Pietro in Cerro; 18. Castell’ figureDoi-0= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781890" figureDoi-1= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781892" figureDoi-2= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781894" figureDoi-3= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781896" httpUri-0= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781890/files/figure.png" httpUri-1= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781892/files/figure.png" httpUri-2= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781894/files/figure.png" httpUri-3= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781896/files/figure.png" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Figs. 17– </figureCitation>
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,
<tableCitation id= "C6D3036F6C12FF9E62C0FC8DE2D7FCEB" box= "[1164,1245,782,805]" captionStart= "Table 7" captionStartId= "28.[76,141,1751,1774]" captionText= "Table 7: Euscorpius italicus: specimen and locality data (continued on next page)." pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Table 7</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C34B655F6C12FF9E6522FCC8E325F973" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" type= "reference_group" >
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522FCC8E269FA67" blockId= "24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C12FF9E6522FCC8E5D1FCAC" ID-CoL= "3D93R" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[878,987,843,866]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C12FF9E6522FCC8E5D1FCAC" box= "[878,987,843,866]" italics= "true" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the largest species in the genus, and the largest scorpion species found in
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E62EFFCE9E2DCFC4F" box= "[1187,1238,874,897]" name= "Italy" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Italy</collectingCountry>
, reaching about
<quantity id= "4CA99B316C12FF9E63CAFCE9E56DFC51" metricMagnitude= "-2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "5.0" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" unit= "mm" value= "50.0" > 50 mm</quantity>
in length. It is recorded from southern Europe and southwestern Asia:
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E625DFC24E262FC70" box= "[1041,1128,935,958]" name= "Albania" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Albania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E623FFC24E2C8FC70" box= "[1139,1218,935,958]" name= "Croatia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6283FC24E312FC70" box= "[1231,1304,935,958]" name= "France" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > France</collectingCountry>
(introduced;
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E6572FC45E5C1FC13" author= "SIMON" box= "[830,971,966,989]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "79 - 115" refId= "ref19203" refString= "SIMON, E. 1879. Les Arachnides de France, Tome 7. Libr. Encycl. de Roret, Paris, 332 pp. (3 eme ordre: Scorpiones, Pp 79 - 115)." type= "book chapter" year= "1879" > Simon, 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E6599FC45E29FFC13" author= "KINZELBACH" box= "[981,1173,966,989]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "49 - 66" refId= "ref18872" refString= "KINZELBACH, R. 1982. Die Skorpionssammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums der Stadt Mainz. - Teil I. Europa und Anatolie. Mainzer Naturwisserschaftiches Archiv, 20: 49 - 66." type= "journal article" year= "1982" > Kinzelbach, 1982</bibRefCitation>
; Lacroix, 1991),
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6302FC45E390FC13" box= "[1358,1434,966,989]" name= "Greece" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Greece</collectingCountry>
, northern and center
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E626CFC67E25EFC35" box= "[1056,1108,996,1019]" name= "Italy" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E622EFC67E2D1FC35" box= "[1122,1243,996,1019]" name= "Macedonia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Macedonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E62A5FC67E349FC35" box= "[1257,1347,996,1019]" name= "Monaco" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Monaco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E631EFC67E577FBD4" name= "Serbia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Montenegro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E65DEFB80E5F8FBD4" box= "[914,1010,1027,1050]" name= "Romania" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Romania</collectingCountry>
(introduced), southwestern European
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6572FBA1E582FBF7" box= "[830,904,1058,1081]" name= "Russia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E65DAFBA1E213FBF7" box= "[918,1049,1058,1081]" name= "San Marino" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > San Marino</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E626BFBA1E28EFBF7" box= "[1063,1156,1058,1081]" name= "Slovenia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Slovenia</collectingCountry>
(only coastal area;
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E632DFBA1E5ABFB99" author= "FET" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "255 - 256" refId= "ref18388" refString= "FET, V., M. KUNTNER & B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type= "book chapter" year= "2001" > Fet et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
), southern
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6264FBC3E2A0FB99" box= "[1064,1194,1088,1111]" name= "Switzerland" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Switzerland</collectingCountry>
, European and Asian
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6572FBDCE585FBB8" box= "[830,911,1119,1142]" name= "Turkey" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Turkey</collectingCountry>
; it was also introduced in northern Africa (
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E632EFBDCE557FB5B" name= "Algeria" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6526FBFDE5B6FB5B" box= "[874,956,1150,1173]" name= "Tunisia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Tunisia</collectingCountry>
) and Middle East (
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E62C1FBFDE2B6FB5B" box= "[1165,1212,1150,1173]" name= "Iraq" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Iraq</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6286FBFDE31DFB5B" box= "[1226,1303,1150,1173]" name= "Yemen" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Yemen</collectingCountry>
) (Fet & Sissom, 2000). In
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E65A6FB1FE211FB7D" box= "[1002,1051,1180,1203]" name= "Italy" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C12FF9E6267FB1FE291FB7D" ID-CoL= "3D93R" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[1067,1179,1180,1203]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C12FF9E6267FB1FE291FB7D" box= "[1067,1179,1180,1203]" italics= "true" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common in northern and center regions, from
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E622AFB38E2C6FB1C" box= "[1126,1228,1211,1234]" country= "Italy" name= "Piemonte" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Piedmont</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E6343FB38E374FB1C" box= "[1295,1406,1211,1234]" country= "Italy" name= "Lombardia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Lombardy</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E6572FB59E581FB3F" box= "[830,907,1242,1265]" country= "Italy" name= "Lazio" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Latium</collectingRegion>
(excluding
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E6255FB59E266FB3F" box= "[1049,1132,1242,1265]" country= "Italy" name= "Liguria" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Liguria</collectingRegion>
), and also on the Adriatic coast along Apennines from
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E6235FB7BE355FAC1" box= "[1145,1375,1272,1295]" country= "Italy" name= "Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
south to
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E652AFA94E5BAFAE0" box= "[870,944,1303,1326]" country= "Italy" name= "Molise" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Molise</collectingRegion>
and Abruzzi (
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E622BFA94E339FAE0" author= "CAPORIACCO" box= "[1127,1331,1303,1326]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "159 - 230" refId= "ref17878" refString= "CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type= "journal article" year= "1950" > Caporiacco, 1950</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E6304FA94E579FA83" author= "CRUCITTI" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "281 - 300" refId= "ref17937" refString= "CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type= "journal article" year= "1993" > Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
). The author studied this species in
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E634DFAB5E338FA83" box= "[1281,1330,1334,1357]" name= "Italy" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Italy</collectingCountry>
from five different regions:
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E624DFAD7E2B0FAA5" box= "[1025,1210,1364,1387]" country= "Italy" name= "Emilia-Romagna" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Emilia Romagna</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E628BFAD7E33CFAA5" box= "[1223,1334,1364,1387]" country= "Italy" name= "Lombardia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Lombardy</collectingRegion>
(where it was already recorded by
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E6216FAF0E2E2FA44" author= "PAVESI" box= "[1114,1256,1395,1418]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "789 - 817" refId= "ref19069" refString= "PAVESI, P. 1878. Saggio di una fauna arachnologica del Varesotto. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 21: 789 - 817." type= "journal article" year= "1878" > Pavesi, 1878</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E634CFAF0E36CFA44" box= "[1280,1382,1395,1418]" country= "Italy" name= "Piemonte" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Piedmont</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E6334FAF0E566FA67" country= "Italy" name= "Veneto" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Veneto</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C12FF9E65EBFA11E5F2FA67" box= "[935,1016,1426,1449]" country= "Italy" name= "Marche" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Marche</collectingRegion>
(
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<figureCitation id= "136A2A516C12FF9E624AFA11E25EFA67" box= "[1030,1108,1426,1449]" captionStart= "Figure 20" captionStartId= "27.[192,268,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox= "[189,1441,251,1707]" captionTargetId= "figure-8@27.[192,1438,254,1704]" captionTargetPageId= "27" captionText= "Figure 20: E. italicus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy): 1. Fermo; 2. Monte Isola; 3. Cislano; 4. Campo; 5. Ceraino; 6. Varallo Pombia; 7. Cernobbio; 8. Isola Comacina; 9. Onno; 10. Cittiglio; 11. Busto Arsizio; 12. Montichiari; 13. Ferrara; 14. Felino; 15. Montechiarugolo; 16. Torrechiara; 17. San Pietro in Cerro; 18. Castell’ figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781896" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781896/files/figure.png" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Fig. 20</figureCitation>
2024-07-19 11:17:16 +02:00
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522FA33E325F973" blockId= "24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" >
The altitudinal preference of
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C12FF9E62F2FA33E33BFA09" ID-CoL= "3D93R" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[1214,1329,1456,1479]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C12FF9E62F2FA33E33BFA09" box= "[1214,1329,1456,1479]" italics= "true" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to range between 0 and
<quantity id= "4CA99B316C12FF9E6261FA4CE27EFA28" box= "[1069,1140,1487,1510]" metricMagnitude= "2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "5.0" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" unit= "m" value= "500.0" > 500 m</quantity>
a.s.l., while higher records are maybe due to its recent dispersal through human activities (Vachon, 1952, 1983; Fet & Gruodis, 1987, after
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E6573F9A8E235F98C" author= "GANTENBEIN" box= "[831,1087,1579,1602]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "13 - 43" refId= "ref18803" refString= "GANTENBEIN, B., M. E. SOLEGLAD, V. FET, P. CRUCITTI & E. V. FET. 2002. Euscorpius naupliensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) from Greece: elevation to the species level justified by molecular and morphological data. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 6: 13 - 43." type= "journal article" year= "2002" > Gantenbein et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C12FF9E6235F9A8E2DCF98C" box= "[1145,1238,1579,1602]" name= "Slovenia" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > Slovenia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C12FF9E62ABF9A8E39AF98C" author= "FET" box= "[1255,1424,1579,1602]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" pagination= "255 - 256" refId= "ref18388" refString= "FET, V., M. KUNTNER & B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type= "book chapter" year= "2001" > Fet et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
), the highest record was ca.
<quantity id= "4CA99B316C12FF9E623AF9C9E2CAF9AF" box= "[1142,1216,1610,1633]" metricMagnitude= "2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "7.0" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" unit= "m" value= "700.0" > 700 m</quantity>
a.s.l. In this study, most of the specimens was found between sea level and
<quantity id= "4CA99B316C12FF9E650CF904E58EF950" box= "[832,900,1671,1694]" metricMagnitude= "2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "4.0" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" unit= "m" value= "400.0" > 400 m</quantity>
a.s.l., with the highest collecting site (
<specimenCount id= "9D57FD5D6C12FF9E6366F904E572F973" count= "4" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" type= "generic" > four specimens</specimenCount>
) in Cislano, Lombardy (ca.
<quantity id= "4CA99B316C12FF9E62E8F925E2E2F973" box= "[1188,1256,1702,1725]" metricMagnitude= "2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "6.5" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" unit= "m" value= "650.0" > 650 m</quantity>
a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C34B655F6C12FF9A6522F947E106FEA0" lastPageId= "28" lastPageNumber= "27" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" type= "description" >
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522F947E393F8BB" blockId= "24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" >
Most of
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C12FF9E6597F947E25BF915" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[987,1105,1732,1755]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C12FF9E6597F947E25BF915" box= "[987,1105,1732,1755]" italics= "true" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found on rocky cliffs (50.6%) and near or inside buildings, mostly abandoned (39.2%) but also inhabited (8.9%). This species is highly thermophilous and seems to be the most tolerant to water scarcity: indeed, lots of specimens can be found in sun-exposed dry rocky cliffs. At the same time,
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C12FF9E6360F8DDE393F8BB" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[1324,1433,1886,1909]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C12FF9E6360F8DDE393F8BB" box= "[1324,1433,1886,1909]" italics= "true" pageId= "24" pageNumber= "23" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<caption id= "DF2E665C6C13FF9F668CFC64E723FBD9" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781890" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12781890" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781890/files/figure.png" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" startId= "25.[192,268,999,1022]" targetBox= "[189,1443,165,976]" targetPageId= "25" targetType= "figure" >
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<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C13FF9F668CFC64E723FBD9" blockId= "25.[192,1441,999,1047]" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C13FF9F668CFC64E731FC30" bold= "true" box= "[192,315,999,1022]" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" > Figure 17:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C13FF9F670BFC6AE4DCFC33" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[327,726,1000,1022]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" subGenus= "Polytrichobothrius" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C13FF9F670BFC6AE4DCFC33" box= "[327,726,1000,1022]" italics= "true" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" > Euscorpius (Polytrichobothrius) italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subadult female, Busto Arsizio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<caption id= "DF2E665C6C13FF9F668CF8E9E484F854" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781892" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12781892" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781892/files/figure.png" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" startId= "25.[192,268,1898,1921]" targetBox= "[189,1443,1064,1875]" targetPageId= "25" targetType= "figure" >
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<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C13FF9F668CF8E9E484F854" blockId= "25.[192,1440,1898,1946]" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C13FF9F668CF8E9E731F84F" bold= "true" box= "[192,315,1898,1921]" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" > Figure 18:</emphasis>
A subadult female of
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C13FF9F646AF8EFE486F84E" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[550,652,1899,1921]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C13FF9F646AF8EFE486F84E" box= "[550,652,1899,1921]" italics= "true" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
surprised catching a caterpillar (
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C13FF9F6591F8E8E2B9F84F" baseAuthorityName= "Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear= "1758" box= "[989,1203,1899,1921]" class= "Insecta" family= "Lasiocampidae" genus= "Malacosoma" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "neustria" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C13FF9F6591F8E8E2B9F84F" box= "[989,1203,1899,1921]" italics= "true" pageId= "25" pageNumber= "24" > Malacosoma neustria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in Peschiera Maraglio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<caption id= "DF2E665C6C10FF9C668CF801E48CF87C" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781894" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12781894" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781894/files/figure.png" pageId= "26" pageNumber= "25" startId= "26.[192,268,1922,1945]" targetBox= "[274,1395,168,1899]" targetPageId= "26" targetType= "figure" >
2024-07-19 11:17:16 +02:00
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C10FF9C668CF801E48CF87C" blockId= "26.[192,1440,1922,1970]" pageId= "26" pageNumber= "25" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C10FF9C668CF801E73DF857" bold= "true" box= "[192,311,1922,1945]" pageId= "26" pageNumber= "25" > Figure 19:</emphasis>
High rocky cliffs are the most favorable environment for thermophylous species as
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C10FF9C6222F807E2DAF856" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[1134,1232,1923,1945]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "26" pageNumber= "25" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C10FF9C6222F807E2DAF856" box= "[1134,1232,1923,1945]" italics= "true" pageId= "26" pageNumber= "25" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peschiera Maraglio, Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<caption id= "DF2E665C6C11FF9D668CF949E76BF8E2" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781896" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12781896" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781896/files/figure.png" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" startId= "27.[192,268,1738,1761]" targetBox= "[189,1441,251,1707]" targetPageId= "27" targetType= "figure" >
2024-07-19 11:17:16 +02:00
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C11FF9D668CF949E76BF8E2" blockId= "27.[192,1440,1738,1836]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D668CF949E73CF92F" bold= "true" box= "[192,310,1738,1761]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > Figure 20:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C11FF9D6772F94FE7AAF92F" baseAuthorityName= "Herbst" baseAuthorityYear= "1800" box= "[318,416,1740,1761]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "italicus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6772F94FE7AAF92F" box= "[318,416,1740,1761]" italics= "true" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy):
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D62A8F94FE2FDF92F" bold= "true" box= "[1252,1271,1740,1761]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 1.</emphasis>
Fermo;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6305F94FE351F92F" bold= "true" box= "[1353,1371,1740,1761]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 2.</emphasis>
Monte Isola;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D66B1F966E705F934" bold= "true" box= "[253,271,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 3.</emphasis>
Cislano;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D673DF966E789F934" bold= "true" box= "[369,387,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 4.</emphasis>
Campo;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6792F966E7FBF934" bold= "true" box= "[478,497,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 5.</emphasis>
Ceraino;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D641FF966E46FF934" bold= "true" box= "[595,613,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 6.</emphasis>
Varallo Pombia;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6558F966E52CF934" bold= "true" box= "[788,806,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 7.</emphasis>
Cernobbio;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D65EEF966E5BEF934" bold= "true" box= "[930,948,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 8.</emphasis>
Isola Comacina;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D622EF966E27EF934" bold= "true" box= "[1122,1140,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 9.</emphasis>
Onno;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D62F2F966E2D6F934" bold= "true" box= "[1214,1244,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 10.</emphasis>
Cittiglio;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6308F966E36AF934" bold= "true" box= "[1348,1376,1765,1786]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 11.</emphasis>
Busto Arsizio;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6750F97DE730F8DD" bold= "true" box= "[284,314,1790,1811]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 12.</emphasis>
Montichiari;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6783F97DE7E7F8DD" bold= "true" box= "[463,493,1790,1811]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 13.</emphasis>
Ferrara;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D641AF97DE47EF8DD" bold= "true" box= "[598,628,1790,1811]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 14.</emphasis>
Felino;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6499F97DE4F9F8DD" bold= "true" box= "[725,755,1790,1811]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 15.</emphasis>
Montechiarugolo;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D65F0F97DE5D0F8DD" bold= "true" box= "[956,986,1790,1811]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 16.</emphasis>
Torrechiara;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D6222F97DE286F8DD" bold= "true" box= "[1134,1164,1790,1811]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 17.</emphasis>
San Pietro in Cerro;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C11FF9D63CEF97DE3AAF8DD" bold= "true" box= "[1410,1440,1790,1811]" pageId= "27" pageNumber= "26" > 18.</emphasis>
Castell’
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C16FF9A6690FED1E106FEA0" blockId= "28.[220,1081,338,366]" box= "[220,1804,338,366]" lastBlockId= "28.[1772,1804,338,366]" pageId= "28" pageNumber= "27" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C16FF9A6690FED1E106FEA0" bold= "true" box= "[220,1804,338,366]" pageId= "28" pageNumber= "27" >
Colombo: New Data on Distribution and Ecology of
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C16FF9A65E8FED1E233FEA0" authorityName= "Thorell" authorityYear= "1876" box= "[932,1081,338,366]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "28" pageNumber= "27" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C16FF9A65E8FED1E233FEA0" bold= "true" box= "[932,1081,338,366]" italics= "true" pageId= "28" pageNumber= "27" > Euscorpius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
27
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
