treatments-xml/data/03/F8/87/03F887C26C04FF946747FB6FE7E6F981.xml

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<mods:title id="86E6EA562B4B2FD2C1D58B48CFEFB2A6">New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" blockId="14.[267,726,1260,1310]" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0A681B86C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" ID-CoL="3D94G" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" bold="true" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886747FB6FE40CFACD" bold="true" box="[267,518,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Euscorpius tergestinus</emphasis>
(C.L. Koch, 1837)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF8867CCFA84E46BFAD0" blockId="14.[267,726,1260,1310]" box="[384,609,1287,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
(
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C04FF8867C5FA84E7F0FAD0" box="[393,506,1287,1310]" captionStart-0="Figure 9" captionStart-1="Figure 10" captionStart-2="Figure 11" captionStartId-0="14.[192,268,1040,1063]" captionStartId-1="15.[192,260,1927,1948]" captionStartId-2="16.[192,268,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1428,192,997]" captionTargetBox-1="[249,1370,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1441,277,1755]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@14.[192,1440,192,997]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@15.[252,1367,171,1896]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@16.[192,1438,280,1752]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="Figure 9: Euscorpius (Euscorpius) tergestinus, adult female, Venezia (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1="Figure 10: Old abandoned fortresses are favorable environments for E. tergestinus in Lubiara (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo)." captionText-2="Figure 11: E. tergestinus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, and Veneto (Italy): 1. Cislano; 2. Lubiara; 3. Ceraino; 4. Venezia; 5. Torrechiara." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781873" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781875" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781877" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12781873/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12781875/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12781877/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6D3036F6C04FF88644BFA84E453FAD0" box="[519,601,1287,1310]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="17.[100,165,1635,1658]" captionText="Table 5: Euscorpius tergestinus: specimen and locality data." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Table 5</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF8866BBFAC2E7EAF929" blockId="14.[192,803,1345,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
In the detailed work of Fet &amp; Soleglad (2002), 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886547FAC2E734FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886547FAC2E734FAB9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. carpathicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L., 1767) 
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886787FAE3E452FAB9" box="[459,600,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
was restricted to 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CFAFDE729FA5B" box="[192,291,1406,1429]" name="Romania" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Romania</collectingCountry>
, while some subspecies of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8864C0FAFDE51CFA5B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[652,790,1406,1429]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicus">
“ 
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8864D4FAFDE51CFA5B" box="[664,790,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">carpathicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” complex were elevated to species status. One of these is 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88668DFA3FE75FFA1D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[193,341,1468,1491]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88668DFA3FE75FFA1D" box="[193,341,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was further reduced by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF8864F8FA3FE721FA3F" author="VIGNOLI" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO &amp; F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
who separated the sibling species 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8864FCFA59E6EFF9DE" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8864FCFA59E6EFF9DE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. concinnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below). As accepted now, 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88642BFA7AE50BF9DE" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[615,769,1529,1552]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88642BFA7AE50BF9DE" box="[615,769,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88676DF99BE772F9E1" box="[289,376,1560,1583]" name="Albania" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Albania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867CFF99BE7D8F9E1" box="[387,466,1560,1583]" name="Austria" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Austria</collectingCountry>
(introduced), 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886426F99BE4B2F9E1" box="[618,696,1560,1583]" name="Croatia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, southern 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CF9B5E702F983" box="[192,264,1590,1613]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">France</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886757F9B5E764F983" box="[283,366,1590,1613]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Corsica</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867C4F9B5E7D9F983" box="[392,467,1590,1613]" name="Greece" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Greece</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867A9F9B5E41CF983" box="[485,534,1590,1613]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainly north, but also central part, where it is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886424F9D6E4DCF9A2" authorityName="Fonte Isilai, Genna Silana" authorityYear="1017" box="[616,726,1621,1644]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicanus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886424F9D6E4DCF9A2" box="[616,726,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. sicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886547F9D6E726F945" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886547F9D6E726F945" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. concinnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886709F9F7E797F945" box="[325,413,1652,1675]" name="Monaco" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Monaco</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867E1F9F7E427F945" box="[429,557,1652,1675]" name="San Marino" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">San Marino</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886471F9F7E490F945" box="[573,666,1652,1675]" name="Slovenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
, and maybe 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CF911E6F7F967" box="[192,253,1682,1705]" name="Spain" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Spain</collectingCountry>
(at French boundary). It also was introduced in 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CF932E71BF906" box="[192,273,1713,1736]" name="Austria" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Austria</collectingCountry>
, and was introduced, but now extinct, in 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886493F932E72AF929" name="Czech Republic" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF886762F953E7DEF929" author="FET" box="[302,468,1744,1767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="47 - 59" refId="ref18568" refString="FET, V., M. E. SOLEGLAD &amp; B. GANTENBEIN. 2004. The Euroscorpion: genus Euscorpius (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Proceedings of the 3 d Scorpiology Symposium, American Arachnological Society 28 th Annual Meeting, Norman, Oklahoma, 23 - 27 June 2004. Euscorpius, 17: 47 - 59." type="journal article" year="2004">Fet et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF8866BCF96DE5C8FB0F" blockId="14.[192,803,1345,1889]" lastBlockId="14.[830,1443,1102,1891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886742F96DE735F8CB" box="[270,319,1774,1797]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886702F96DE7E8F8CB" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[334,482,1774,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886702F96DE7E8F8CB" box="[334,482,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed through 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88668DF88EE725F8EA" box="[193,303,1805,1828]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88670CF88EE429F8EA" box="[320,547,1805,1828]" country="Italy" name="Trentino-Alto Adige" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Trentino-Alto Adige</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88647EF88EE517F8EA" box="[562,797,1805,1828]" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF8866A2F8AFE731F88D" box="[238,315,1836,1859]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Veneto</collectingRegion>
, while the southeastern boundary of its range is less exactly known (
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF8867F7F8C9E404F8AF" box="[443,526,1866,1889]" country="Italy" name="Umbria" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Umbria</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88640BF8C9E492F8AF" box="[583,664,1866,1889]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Marche</collectingRegion>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF886511FBCDE24BFBAB" author="VIGNOLI" box="[861,1089,1102,1125]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO &amp; F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, this species is also common in 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF886572FBEFE593FB4D" box="[830,921,1132,1155]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Tuscany</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88659FFBEFE22AFB4D" box="[979,1056,1132,1155]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Latium</collectingRegion>
. The author studied 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886346FBEFE3AAFB4D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1290,1440,1132,1155]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886346FBEFE3AAFB4D" box="[1290,1440,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88658DFB08E5F8FB6C" box="[961,1010,1163,1186]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88624FFB08E2B4FB6C" box="[1027,1214,1163,1186]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Emilia Romagna</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF886280FB08E331FB6C" box="[1228,1339,1163,1186]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF886300FB08E393FB6C" box="[1356,1433,1163,1186]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Veneto</collectingRegion>
; see 
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C04FF88652BFB29E5BFFB0F" box="[871,949,1194,1217]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="16.[192,268,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[189,1441,277,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-13@16.[192,1438,280,1752]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 11: E. tergestinus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, and Veneto (Italy): 1. Cislano; 2. Lubiara; 3. Ceraino; 4. Venezia; 5. Torrechiara." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781877/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF886522FB4BE58BFA1B" blockId="14.[830,1443,1102,1891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
Few altitudinal data can be determined from the literature, mainly because 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88621FFB64E2E1FB30" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1107,1259,1255,1278]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88621FFB64E2E1FB30" box="[1107,1259,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not distinguished by the earlier authors. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF8862C4FA85E33EFAD3" author="FET" box="[1160,1332,1286,1309]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="255 - 256" refId="ref18388" refString="FET, V., M. KUNTNER &amp; B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. &amp; Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Fet et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
report (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886573FAA7E5D7FAF5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[831,989,1316,1339]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886573FAA7E5D7FAF5" box="[831,989,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. carpathicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) a maximal altitude of 
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF8862AFFAA7E323FAF5" box="[1251,1321,1316,1339]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
a.s.l. in its northeastern part of its range (
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8862E8FAC0E30DFA94" box="[1188,1287,1347,1370]" name="Slovenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
). During this study, most of the specimens was found between sea level (
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF8865C4FA03E5B3FA59" box="[904,953,1408,1431]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
a.s.l., Venice) and 
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF8862E8FA03E2E5FA59" box="[1188,1263,1408,1431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
a.s.l., with the maximal altitude near Cislano, Lombardy (about 
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF886316FA1CE3A9FA78" box="[1370,1443,1439,1462]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF886522FA5FE5D0F8AD" blockId="14.[830,1443,1102,1891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
The ecological demands of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8862D9FA5FE322FA3D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1173,1320,1500,1523]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8862D9FA5FE322FA3D" box="[1173,1320,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8865FBFA78E22FF9DC" authorityName="Fonte Isilai, Genna Silana" authorityYear="1017" box="[951,1061,1531,1554]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicanus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8865FBFA78E22FF9DC" box="[951,1061,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. sicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88627FFA78E2CCF9DC" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1075,1222,1531,1554]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88627FFA78E2CCF9DC" box="[1075,1222,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also shows ecological competition with 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886278F999E2CEF9FF" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1076,1220,1562,1585]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886278F999E2CEF9FF" box="[1076,1220,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. concinnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Author’s observations confirm the data of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF88622DF9BBE341F981" author="VIGNOLI" box="[1121,1355,1592,1615]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO &amp; F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, with a very high percentage (94.4%) of specimens found in abandoned houses or ruins (
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C04FF88623FF9F5E2CFF943" box="[1139,1221,1654,1677]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="15.[192,260,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[249,1370,168,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[252,1367,171,1896]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 10: Old abandoned fortresses are favorable environments for E. tergestinus in Lubiara (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781875/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); there they seemed to colonize both humid and dry rooms. A small fraction (5.6%) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8865E1F930E24BF904" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[941,1089,1715,1738]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8865E1F930E24BF904" box="[941,1089,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in and around inhabited houses. However, the walls colonized by this species are usually humid and often covered by moss. An adult male from Ceraino (
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88622AF88CE2BCF8E8" box="[1126,1206,1807,1830]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Veneto</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88628AF88CE2FDF8E8" box="[1222,1271,1807,1830]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
) was observed nearly dead because of low temperatures, on a wall inside a fortress.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2E665C6C05FF89668CF804E720F87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781875/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" startId="15.[192,260,1927,1948]" targetBox="[249,1370,168,1899]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C05FF89668CF804E720F87B" blockId="15.[192,1440,1927,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C05FF89668CF804E721F852" bold="true" box="[192,299,1927,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Figure 10:</emphasis>
Old abandoned fortresses are favorable environments for 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C05FF896522F80BE5FEF852" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[878,1012,1927,1949]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C05FF896522F80BE5FEF852" box="[878,1012,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Lubiara (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2E665C6C1AFF96668CF979E7A1F8E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781877/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" startId="16.[192,268,1786,1809]" targetBox="[189,1441,277,1755]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1AFF96668CF979E7A1F8E4" blockId="16.[192,1441,1786,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF96668CF979E73CF8DF" bold="true" box="[192,310,1786,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figure 11:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1AFF966770F97FE7CBF8DF" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[316,449,1788,1809]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966770F97FE7CBF8DF" box="[316,449,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, and Veneto (Italy): 
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966273F97FE25BF8DF" bold="true" box="[1087,1105,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1.</emphasis>
Cislano; 
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF9662E2F97FE2CAF8DF" bold="true" box="[1198,1216,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2.</emphasis>
Lubiara; 
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966351F97FE325F8DF" bold="true" box="[1309,1327,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">3.</emphasis>
Ceraino; 
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF9663C2F97FE3ABF8DF" bold="true" box="[1422,1441,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">4.</emphasis>
Venezia; 
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966757F896E727F8E4" bold="true" box="[283,301,1813,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">5.</emphasis>
Torrechiara.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF976600FE45E666FE2C" blockId="17.[76,108,454,482]" box="[76,108,454,482]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976600FE45E666FE2C" bold="true" box="[76,108,454,482]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">16</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF976334FE46E101FE28" blockId="17.[1400,1803,453,487]" box="[1400,1803,453,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF976334FE46E03FFE29" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[1400,1589,453,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euscorpius</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976070FE49E101FE28" bold="true" box="[1596,1803,458,486]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">— 2006, No. 36</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF9766FCFD7FE35FF9F0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<table id="F951C4746C1B007966FCFD7FE0A7F9F0" box="[176,1709,764,1598]" colsContinueIn="22.[140,1739,477,1674]" gridcols="6" gridrows="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFD7FE0A7FCDD" box="[176,1709,764,787]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFD7FE6D2FCDD" box="[176,216,764,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FCFD7FE6DDFCDD" bold="true" box="[176,215,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">No.</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FD7FE766FCDD" box="[265,364,764,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF97676DFD7FE75FFCDD" bold="true" box="[289,341,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Date</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FD7FE491FCDD" box="[398,667,764,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767D6FD7FE49AFCDD" bold="true" box="[410,656,764,787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767D6FD7FE482FCDD" bold="true" box="[410,648,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Number of specimens</emphasis>
,
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FD7FE207FCDD" box="[696,1037,764,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9764B5FD7FE5DBFCDD" bold="true" box="[761,977,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Geographic locality</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFD7FE273FCDD" box="[1058,1145,764,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF97626EFD7FE273FCDD" bold="true" box="[1058,1145,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Altitude</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FD7FE0A7FCDD" box="[1176,1709,764,787]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976321FD7FE3E8FCDD" bold="true" box="[1389,1506,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Comments</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC98E0A7FCFC" box="[176,1709,795,818]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FC98E491FCFC" box="[398,667,795,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976798FC98E45FFCFC" bold="true" box="[468,597,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">age and sex</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFC98E273FCFC" box="[1058,1145,795,818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF97627BFC98E261FCFC" bold="true" box="[1079,1131,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">a.s.l.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFCB7E0A7FC9C" box="[176,1709,820,850]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFCB7E6D2FC9C" box="[176,216,820,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FCFCB8E6D2FC9C" bold="true" box="[176,216,827,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">109</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FCB7E766FC9C" box="[265,364,820,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">25 April</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FCB7E491FC9C" box="[398,667,820,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FCB7E419FC81" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,820,847]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FCB7E419FC81" box="[398,531,820,847]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FCB7E207FC9C" box="[696,1037,820,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">San Marco Fortress, Lubiara</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFCB7E273FC9C" box="[1058,1145,820,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">451 m</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FCB7E0A7FC9C" box="[1176,1709,820,850]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Two live females were found in cracks of the walls</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFCD6E0A7FCA4" box="[176,1709,853,874]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FCD6E766FCA4" box="[265,364,853,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2005</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FCD6E491FCA4" box="[398,667,853,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(2 adult females, 5 dead</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FCD6E207FCA4" box="[696,1037,853,874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(Verona), Veneto, Italy</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FCD6E0A7FCA4" box="[1176,1709,853,874]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">inside the fortress, in quite dark, cool, and humid</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFCF2E0A7FC48" box="[176,1709,881,902]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FCF2E491FC48" box="[398,667,881,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">specimens undetermined)</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FCF2E0A7FC48" box="[1176,1709,881,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">rooms; the remains of other five specimens were found</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC0FE0A7FC6F" box="[176,1709,908,929]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC0FE0A7FC6F" box="[1176,1709,908,929]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">on the ground in long and dark galleries that had no</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC2BE0A7FC73" box="[176,1709,936,957]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC2BE0A7FC73" box="[1176,1709,936,957]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">cracks in the walls; maybe they penetrated there from</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC47E0A7FC17" box="[176,1709,964,985]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC47E0A7FC17" box="[1176,1709,964,985]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">the small openings on a side (observed with UV light)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC58E0A7FC37" box="[176,1709,987,1017]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFC58E6D2FC37" box="[176,216,987,1017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766F1FC61E6C0FC37" bold="true" box="[189,202,994,1017]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">5</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FC58E766FC37" box="[265,364,987,1017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">26 April</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FC58E491FC37" box="[398,667,987,1017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FC58E419FC38" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,987,1014]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FC58E419FC38" box="[398,531,987,1014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FC58E207FC37" box="[696,1037,987,1017]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Scala Contarini del Bovolo, Venice</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFC58E273FC37" box="[1058,1145,987,1017]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2 m</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC58E0A7FC37" box="[1176,1709,987,1017]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Under a flower pot located in a larger flower pot full of</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC7FE0A7FBDF" box="[176,1709,1020,1041]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FC7FE766FBDF" box="[265,364,1020,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2002</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FC7FE491FBDF" box="[398,667,1020,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 adult female)</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FC7FE207FBDF" box="[696,1037,1020,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(Venezia), Veneto, Italy</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC7FE0A7FBDF" box="[1176,1709,1020,1041]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">clay balls, in a cool and quite humid courtyard</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB90E0A7FBFF" box="[176,1709,1043,1073]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFB90E6D2FBFF" box="[176,216,1043,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FBFB99E6D8FBFF" bold="true" box="[183,210,1050,1073]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">50</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB90E766FBFF" box="[265,364,1043,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">3 May</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB90E491FBFF" box="[398,667,1043,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FB90E419FBE0" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1043,1070]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FB90E419FBE0" box="[398,531,1043,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB90E207FBFF" box="[696,1037,1043,1073]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">near Cislano (Brescia), Lombardy,</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFB90E273FBFF" box="[1058,1145,1043,1073]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">650 m</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB90E0A7FBFF" box="[1176,1709,1043,1073]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
Under a stone in a humid 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9763DCFB90E3E1FBE0" box="[1424,1515,1043,1070]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9763DCFB90E3E1FBE0" box="[1424,1515,1043,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest near a road;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFBB6E0A7FB84" box="[176,1709,1077,1098]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FBB6E766FB84" box="[265,364,1077,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2003</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FBB6E491FB84" box="[398,667,1077,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 juvenile)</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FBB6E207FB84" box="[696,1037,1077,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Italy</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FBB6E0A7FB84" box="[1176,1709,1077,1098]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">doubtful identification due to small size and premature</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFBD3E0A7FBAB" box="[176,1709,1104,1125]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FBD3E0A7FBAB" box="[1176,1709,1104,1125]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">death in captivity</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFBEBE0A7FB48" box="[176,1709,1128,1158]" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFBEBE6D2FB48" box="[176,216,1128,1158]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766F1FBECE6C0FB48" bold="true" box="[189,202,1135,1158]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">4</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FBEBE766FB48" box="[265,364,1128,1158]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">19 May</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FBEBE491FB48" box="[398,667,1128,1158]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FBEBE419FB4D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1128,1155]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FBEBE419FB4D" box="[398,531,1128,1155]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FBEBE207FB48" box="[696,1037,1128,1158]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Torrechiara (Parma),</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFBEBE273FB48" box="[1058,1145,1128,1158]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">265 m</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FBEBE0A7FB48" box="[1176,1709,1128,1158]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Behind a door in a warm and dry room of a castle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB0AE0A7FB50" box="[176,1709,1161,1182]" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB0AE766FB50" box="[265,364,1161,1182]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2002</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB0AE491FB50" box="[398,667,1161,1182]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 adult male)</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB0AE207FB50" box="[696,1037,1161,1182]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Emilia Romagna,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB27E0A7FB77" box="[176,1709,1188,1209]" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB27E207FB77" box="[696,1037,1188,1209]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Italy</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB3FE0A7FB14" box="[176,1709,1212,1242]" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFB3FE6D2FB14" box="[176,216,1212,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FCFB40E6D2FB14" bold="true" box="[176,216,1219,1242]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">115</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB3FE766FB14" box="[265,364,1212,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">26 June</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB3FE491FB14" box="[398,667,1212,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FB3FE419FB19" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1212,1239]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FB3FE419FB19" box="[398,531,1212,1239]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB3FE207FB14" box="[696,1037,1212,1242]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ceraino Fortress, Ceraino</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFB3FE273FB14" box="[1058,1145,1212,1242]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">236 m</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB3FE0A7FB14" box="[1176,1709,1212,1242]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">The male was found in a wall crack, in a humid, dark</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB5EE0A7FB3C" box="[176,1709,1245,1266]" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB5EE766FB3C" box="[265,364,1245,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2005</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB5EE491FB3C" box="[398,667,1245,1266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 adult male, 1 juv., 2 dead</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB5EE207FB3C" box="[696,1037,1245,1266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(Verona), Veneto, Italy</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB5EE0A7FB3C" box="[1176,1709,1245,1266]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">and cool room; the juvenile was found under a stone in</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB7BE0A7FAC3" box="[176,1709,1272,1293]" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB7BE491FAC3" box="[398,667,1272,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">adult females, remains of at</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB7BE0A7FAC3" box="[1176,1709,1272,1293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">an underground room, cool and humid; dead specimens</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA97E0A7FAE7" box="[176,1709,1300,1321]" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FA97E491FAE7" box="[398,667,1300,1321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">least 4 undetermined</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA97E0A7FAE7" box="[1176,1709,1300,1321]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">were found all over the fortress, on the ground; only</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAB3E0A7FA8B" box="[176,1709,1328,1349]" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FAB3E491FA8B" box="[398,667,1328,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">specimens)</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAB3E0A7FA8B" box="[1176,1709,1328,1349]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">some remains were found in the wall crack under the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAC8E0A7FAAE" box="[176,1709,1355,1376]" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAC8E0A7FAAE" box="[1176,1709,1355,1376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">one inhabited by the living male (cannibalism?)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAE4E0A7FAB2" box="[176,1709,1383,1404]" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAE4E0A7FAB2" box="[1176,1709,1383,1404]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(observed with UV light)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAFDE0A7FA7B" box="[176,1709,1406,1461]" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFAFDE6D2FA7B" box="[176,216,1406,1461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FBFA06E6D8FA52" bold="true" box="[183,210,1413,1436]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">77</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FAFDE766FA7B" box="[265,364,1406,1461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">18 December</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FAFDE491FA7B" box="[398,667,1406,1461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FAFDE419FA57" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1406,1433]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FAFDE419FA57" box="[398,531,1406,1433]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1 adult male)
</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FAFDE207FA7B" box="[696,1037,1406,1461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ceraino Fortress, Ceraino (Verona), Veneto, Italy</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFAFDE273FA7B" box="[1058,1145,1406,1461]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">236 m</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAFDE0A7FA7B" box="[1176,1709,1406,1461]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
On a wall, inside an abandoned Hlawaty fortress, surrounded by a 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF976375FA19E380FA7B" box="[1337,1418,1434,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976375FA19E380FA7B" box="[1337,1418,1434,1461]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA38E0A7FA1E" box="[176,1709,1467,1488]" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FA38E766FA1E" box="[265,364,1467,1488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2003</td>
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA38E0A7FA1E" box="[1176,1709,1467,1488]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Inside the fortress, rooms have different degree of light</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA54E0A7FA22" box="[176,1709,1495,1516]" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA54E0A7FA22" box="[1176,1709,1495,1516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">and humidity, due to their geographic exposure: the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA71E0A7F9C9" box="[176,1709,1522,1543]" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA71E0A7F9C9" box="[1176,1709,1522,1543]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">room with the scorpion (that was found nearly dead</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCF98DE0A7F9ED" box="[176,1709,1550,1571]" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4F98DE0A7F9ED" box="[1176,1709,1550,1571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">maybe due to the low temperature, 1°C) was not very</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCF9AAE0A7F9F0" box="[176,1709,1577,1598]" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4F9AAE0A7F9F0" box="[1176,1709,1577,1598]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">humid but had light</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2E665C6C1BFF976628F9E0E4BCF9B4" box="[100,694,1631,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" startId="17.[100,165,1635,1658]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF976628F9E0E4BCF9B4" blockId="17.[100,694,1631,1658]" box="[100,694,1631,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976628F9E0E6C8F9B4" bold="true" box="[100,194,1635,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Table 5:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF976684F9DCE7AEF9B4" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[200,420,1631,1658]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976684F9DCE7AEF9B4" box="[200,420,1631,1658]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Euscorpius tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: specimen and locality data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C18FF9466BCFF44E7FAFB99" blockId="18.[192,804,199,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF9466BCFF44E7DBFF10" author="VIGNOLI" box="[240,465,199,222]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO &amp; F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
reported the unusual case of a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946707FF65E7D4FF33" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[331,478,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946707FF65E7D4FF33" box="[331,478,230,253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sistiana (
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C18FF9464C8FF65E70FFED5" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C18FF946758FE87E74CFED5" box="[276,326,260,283]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
) found in a natural habitat, and suggested this is due to the presence there of the larger 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9464F9FEA0E52BFEF4" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[693,801,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9464F9FEA0E52BFEF4" box="[693,801,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that would occupy anthropogenic habitats. Larger species usually occupy most favorable habitats against smaller species, then segregated to harder environmental conditions (Polis &amp; McCormick, 1987; quoted after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF94654CFE1DE780FE1D" author="VIGNOLI" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO &amp; F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
). This kind of interaction, observed with other pairs of sympatric and sometimes syntopic species, was noticed once by the author in Ceraino (
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C18FF9464B4FE79E6FBFDE1" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Veneto</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C18FF9466B7FD9BE73AFDE1" box="[251,304,536,559]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
). Several 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9467D5FD9BE426FDE1" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[409,556,536,559]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9467D5FD9BE426FDE1" box="[409,556,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were found inside an abandoned fortress, while an adult female (maybe pregnant) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9467E9FDD5E418FDA3" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[421,530,598,621]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9467E9FDD5E418FDA3" box="[421,530,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found under a stone next to the path leading to the fortress. We can only suggest that other specimens could be inhabiting cracks in the rocky cliff; however, no other scorpions were found under stones. In this case the larger species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9464E0FD53E511FD29" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[684,795,720,743]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9464E0FD53E511FD29" box="[684,795,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, would occupy the most favorable habitat, considered by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF94668EFC8DE7AEFCEB" author="VIGNOLI" box="[194,420,782,805]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO &amp; F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
as the anthropogenic one. It could be that rocky cliffs are more ecologically favorable than abandoned buildings. The cliffs are heated considerably to convection by the stone, but they are also drier due to their exposure to sunlight. On the contrary abandoned buildings are not sufficiently heated (especially in underground portions); however, they have a quite stable range of temperatures and humidity during the year. Protection from predators should be similar in both habitats, mainly due to the similar way of life of scorpions, which occupy cracks in both cases.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C18FF9466BCFBDCE4A1FA9D" blockId="18.[192,804,199,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
As indicated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF9467EEFBDCE448FBB8" author="CRUCITTI" box="[418,578,1119,1142]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti (1993)</bibRefCitation>
and by observations in this study (see below), 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946793FBFDE445FB5B" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[479,591,1150,1173]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946793FBFDE445FB5B" box="[479,591,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a thermophilous species, more tolerant to water scarcity than other 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9464BDFB1DE765FB1B" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9464BDFB1DE71AFB1B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Euscorpius</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
In this case it could be that this larger species occupied its most favorable habitat, the hotter and drier one (rocky cliffs), while the smaller one (
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946547FB7EE73FFAFD" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946547FB7EE73FFAFD" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) occupied the remaining habitat that, however, is preferred by most 
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946794FABFE4A1FA9D" box="[472,683,1340,1363]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946794FABFE45AFA9D" box="[472,592,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Euscorpius</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C18FF9466BCFAD8E7E6F981" blockId="18.[192,804,199,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
Regarding intraspecific relations, inside the same fortress some scorpion remains (
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946470FAF8E4DCFA5C" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[572,726,1403,1426]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946470FAF8E4DCFA5C" box="[572,726,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were found on the ground under the shelter of an adult male (maybe the result of cannibalism). During this study, males were not found together with live females; only, in a fortress in Ceraino (
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C18FF946781FA7AE416F9DE" box="[461,540,1529,1552]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Veneto</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C18FF946465FA7AE450F9DE" box="[553,602,1529,1552]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
; June), live males were found in same room with females’ remains, that, however, were not very old.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>