treatments-xml/data/F2/38/C5/F238C5E2E1B65053AD3B1B93337A7902.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c86f103e-babe-46e6-a365-e3c667dc6f28" ID-PMC="PMC7419342" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-154-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9" ID-PubMed="32848499" ModsDocID="1314-2003-154-57" checkinTime="1596605196416" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica &amp; Moreira-Munoz, Andres" docDate="2020" docId="F238C5E2E1B65053AD3B1B93337A7902" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 154: 57-102" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 154" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615" docTitle="Schizanthus laetus Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 45. 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668139912449" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Morales-Fierro, Vanezza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Independent researcher. Avenida Vicuna Mackenna Oriente 6640, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Munoz-Schick, Melica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moreira-Munoz, Andres</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-1391</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andres.moreira@pucv.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>154</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>102</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-154-57</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166095719" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F238C5E2E1B65053AD3B1B93337A7902" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F238C5E2E1B65053AD3B1B93337A7902" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
6. 
<taxonomicName LSID="F238C5E2-E1B6-5053-AD3B-1B93337A7902" authority="Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 45. 1860" authorityName="Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 45." authorityYear="1860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus laetus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laetus">Schizanthus laetus Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 45. 1860</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A distribution of Schizanthus alpestris B examples of S. alpestris in Cuesta Pajonales C Cordillera El Melon D Las Chinchillas National Reserve E distribution of Schizanthus laetus F examples of S. laetus in Quebrada Los Yales G Quebrada Peralito H Taltal I distribution of Schizanthus pinnatus J illustration of S. pinnatus published with the description of the species (Ruiz and Pavon 1798) K examples of S. pinnatus on road from Los Angeles to Antuco L Cerro Poqui. Photos by A Moreira-Munoz (B-D), M. T. Eyzaguirre (F, G, L), M. Aldunate (H), S. Moreira (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/438834" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3E-H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus fallax" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">Schizanthus fallax</taxonomicName>
I.M.Johnst., Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 160. 1929.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Chile. Antofagasta: Cachinal, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">R.A. Philippi s.n</emphasis>
. (lectotype designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Grau, J" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="111 - 203" refId="B12" refString="Grau, J, Gronbach, E, 1984. Untersuchungen zur Variabilitaet in der Gattung Schizanthus (Solanaceae). Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen 20: 111 - 203" title="Untersuchungen zur Variabilitaet in der Gattung Schizanthus (Solanaceae)." volume="20" year="1984">Grau and Gronbach 1984</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 146 [as type]: SGO! [SGO000004526 acc. #055389]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="taxonomic notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<bibRefCitation author="Johnston, IM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 172" refId="B19" refString="Johnston, IM, 1929. Papers on the Flora of Northern Chile. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 85: 1 - 172" title="Papers on the Flora of Northern Chile." volume="85" year="1929">Johnston (1929)</bibRefCitation>
characterised 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as representing the northern-most distribution of the genus and having the upper lateral lobes of the corolla larger and not deeply lobed as in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. laetus" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="laetus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. laetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Grau, J" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="111 - 203" refId="B12" refString="Grau, J, Gronbach, E, 1984. Untersuchungen zur Variabilitaet in der Gattung Schizanthus (Solanaceae). Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen 20: 111 - 203" title="Untersuchungen zur Variabilitaet in der Gattung Schizanthus (Solanaceae)." volume="20" year="1984">Grau and Gronbach (1984</bibRefCitation>
: 146) considered the characters of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as part of the variability and their broad concept of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. laetus" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="laetus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. laetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, citing the name by 
<bibRefCitation author="Johnston, IM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 172" refId="B19" refString="Johnston, IM, 1929. Papers on the Flora of Northern Chile. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 85: 1 - 172" title="Papers on the Flora of Northern Chile." volume="85" year="1929">Johnston (1929)</bibRefCitation>
as a synonym. We have revised the type material of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
through Global Plants JSTOR (https://plants.jstor.org/) (Chile. Antofagasta: Tocopilla, steep hillside ca. 6 km. north of port and about opposite Caleta Duendes, 18 Oct 1925, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I.M. Johnston 3626</emphasis>
(holotype: GH! [00077406]; isotypes: F! [F0073042F acc. #625799], K! [K000585355, photo at IND! [IND-0107172]], S! [acc. #S04-3140], US! [00028096 acc. #1473978]). Some of these specimens suggest that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may represent a distinct species, but we do not have access to additional material and prefer to maintain the synonymy pending further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="key">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Key characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Flowers dark violet or paler, upper middle lobe without a distinctive yellow area, but white and dotted with dark spots at the base. Lower lip of the corolla of similar length as the upper lip.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Endemic to Chile, in the coast of the Regions of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
(Province of Iquique, 20°40' lat. S) and Antofagasta (Province of Antofagasta, 26°0' lat. S). 20-900 m a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus laetus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laetus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Schizanthus laetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in the fog (camanchaca) zone, on steep hillsides, in watercourse and alluvial fans; between rocks and in sandy and gravel soil (coarse sand). Within these places, it prefers wet areas with organic material. Forms part of Lomas vegetation where it can be associated with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Echinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Echinopsis deserticola" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deserticola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Echinopsis deserticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Werderm.) H.Friedrich and G.D.Rowley (
<taxonomicName family="Cactaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Euphorbia lactiflua" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lactiflua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Euphorbia lactiflua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Phil. (
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="conservation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Conservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Chile. Antofagasta</emphasis>
: Paposo Norte Natural Monument, Pan de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azúcar">Azucar</normalizedToken>
National Park (
<bibRefCitation author="Rundel, PW" journalOrPublisher="Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="295 - 315" refId="B46" refString="Rundel, PW, Dillon, MO, Palma, B, 1996. Flora and vegetation of Pan de Azucar National Park in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile. Gayana. Botanica 53 (2): 295 - 315" title="Flora and vegetation of Pan de Azucar National Park in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile. Gayana." volume="53" year="1996">Rundel et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Chile. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
: [Iquique Province
</emphasis>
] Camino Iquique a Patillos, cumbres de los cerros frente al km 22, 17 Oct 1965, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">M. Ricardi</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. Marticorena &amp; O. Matthei 1343</emphasis>
(CONC); Alto Punta Lobos, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-21.033333">21°2'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.15">70°9'W</geoCoordinate>
, 430 m a.s.l., 1 Nov 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">R. Pinto s.n.</emphasis>
(SGO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Antofagasta: [Tocopilla Province</emphasis>
] Tocopilla, steep hillside ca. 6 km north of port and approximately opposite Caleta Duendes, 18 Oct 1925, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I.M. Johnston 3626</emphasis>
(F, GH, IND, K, US); 1 km al N de la Planta Mantos de La Luna, a lo largo de la ruta costanera, ca. 5 km al N de caleta Buena, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-22.374166">22°22'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 70°13'73&quot;W, 150-300 m a.s.l., 18 Oct 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J.V. Schneider &amp; M.L. Huertas 2851</emphasis>
(CONC); Cobija, Quebrada Aguada 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañas">Canas</normalizedToken>
, 500-800 m a.s.l., 4 Dec 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">W. Biese 3080</emphasis>
(SGO); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Antofagasta Province</emphasis>
] Quebrada de Miguel 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
, en Punta Miguel 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
, suelo arenoso, ca. 350 m a.s.l., 12 Oct 1941, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E. Pisano &amp; R. Bravo 453</emphasis>
(CONC); Quebrada Miguel 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
, en Punta Miguel 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
, 350 m a.s.l., 12 Oct 1941, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E. Pisano &amp; R. Bravo 453</emphasis>
(SGO); Quebrada Guanillo (10 km al N del Cachinal de la costa), 50-500 m a.s.l., 14 Dec 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">W. Biese 3303</emphasis>
(SGO); Paposo, entrada a la Qda. Los Peralitos, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-25.0325">25°1'57&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="30.3" value="-70.44175">70°26'30.3&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 490 m a.s.l., 30 Sep 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
4606
</emphasis>
(SGO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>