278 lines
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278 lines
30 KiB
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<document id="F1EEA1EEA04FB3A8441C7E353AA85C7F" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721360289902" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Colombo, Marco" docDate="2006" docId="03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.36.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 36 (36)" docSource="https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2006/iss36/1/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Euscorpius italicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFC1FFBA6C0AFF86664CFF83E60AFFCE" masterDocTitle="New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1721380132514" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D1D7908D9FEDB4B3D10F855CF2907B54">
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<mods:title id="E1575EEE5B84559C7BD921AEE9D189E9">New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="979BC77904D1400587A43AAF71AECA53" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="28F70DE0097EA1546758E0CC5EF6F8AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6685858969C1EDBC1C990D3CEBB2C4FF">Colombo, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B8B6E14DE172A0D1EDF04C726D37889E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="892A288939A20B3110EA9EDF56AA125A">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="85B42C56AAE449BC9C8E12EA58C3B79D">
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<mods:date id="C6DE04E0AB4B38E2B4BD02E0A4C963D4">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="24094A7C6B2221B9EE1C4E9DF5CA2E0E" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="1AF76AE4D6037DC8BBC4B47DD8D0BECC">2006-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="696403CBBFD6970ADD55B3C28B06AE96" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="354A130C3507781DF2ACA96647B4E200">36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="B9711E640159E01AA3232EEB9EB10563" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BE26F9EFBD0514DEFC345C042C14A5A6">36</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="D3A0FDD8E00005759B961185E34BAD67">
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<mods:url id="691985B11CE8A98CA022DD8FD154A344">https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2006/iss36/1/</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="A6ABAC5489953FF51A6CE75CCE196CBB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="ADC64091D2E96CC7C1B63D297BC1E991" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="221BCF2184751D3604DD124F2845E160" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" box="[945,1326,751,774]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" blockId="24.[945,1326,751,805]" box="[945,1326,751,774]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0A681B86C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" box="[945,1326,751,774]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" ID-CoL="3D93R" authority="(Herbst, 1800)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[945,1326,751,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" bold="true" box="[945,1326,751,774]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E65FDFD6CE28EFCC8" bold="true" box="[945,1156,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Euscorpius italicus</emphasis>
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(Herbst, 1800)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9E65B4FC8DE2ECFCEB" box="[1016,1254,782,805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E65B4FC8DE2ECFCEB" blockId="24.[945,1326,751,805]" box="[1016,1254,782,805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136A2A516C12FF9E624DFC8DE288FCEB" box="[1025,1154,782,805]" captionStart-0="Figure 17" captionStart-1="Figure 18" captionStart-2="Figure 19" captionStart-3="Figure 20" captionStartId-0="25.[192,268,999,1022]" captionStartId-1="25.[192,268,1898,1921]" captionStartId-2="26.[192,268,1922,1945]" captionStartId-3="27.[192,268,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1443,165,976]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1443,1064,1875]" captionTargetBox-2="[274,1395,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1441,251,1707]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@25.[192,1440,168,973]" captionTargetId-1="figure-34@25.[192,1440,1067,1872]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@26.[277,1392,171,1896]" captionTargetId-3="figure-8@27.[192,1438,254,1704]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="26" captionTargetPageId-3="27" captionText-0="Figure 17: Euscorpius (Polytrichobothrius) italicus, subadult female, Busto Arsizio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1="Figure 18: A subadult female of E. italicus surprised catching a caterpillar (Malacosoma neustria) in Peschiera Maraglio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-2="Figure 19: High rocky cliffs are the most favorable environment for thermophylous species as E. italicus (Peschiera Maraglio, Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-3="Figure 20: E. italicus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy): 1. Fermo; 2. Monte Isola; 3. Cislano; 4. Campo; 5. Ceraino; 6. Varallo Pombia; 7. Cernobbio; 8. Isola Comacina; 9. Onno; 10. Cittiglio; 11. Busto Arsizio; 12. Montichiari; 13. Ferrara; 14. Felino; 15. Montechiarugolo; 16. Torrechiara; 17. San Pietro in Cerro; 18. Castell’Arquato." pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Figs. 17–20</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6D3036F6C12FF9E62C0FC8DE2D7FCEB" box="[1164,1245,782,805]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="28.[76,141,1751,1774]" captionText="Table 7: Euscorpius italicus: specimen and locality data (continued on next page)." pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Table 7</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9E6522FCC8E325F973" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522FCC8E269FA67" blockId="24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6522FCC8E5D1FCAC" ID-CoL="3D93R" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[878,987,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6522FCC8E5D1FCAC" box="[878,987,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the largest species in the genus, and the largest scorpion species found in
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E62EFFCE9E2DCFC4F" box="[1187,1238,874,897]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, reaching about
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<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E63CAFCE9E56DFC51" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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in length. It is recorded from southern Europe and southwestern Asia:
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E625DFC24E262FC70" box="[1041,1128,935,958]" name="Albania" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Albania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E623FFC24E2C8FC70" box="[1139,1218,935,958]" name="Croatia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6283FC24E312FC70" box="[1231,1304,935,958]" name="France" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">France</collectingCountry>
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(introduced;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6572FC45E5C1FC13" author="SIMON" box="[830,971,966,989]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="79 - 115" refId="ref19203" refString="SIMON, E. 1879. Les Arachnides de France, Tome 7. Libr. Encycl. de Roret, Paris, 332 pp. (3 eme ordre: Scorpiones, Pp 79 - 115)." type="book chapter" year="1879">Simon, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6599FC45E29FFC13" author="KINZELBACH" box="[981,1173,966,989]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="49 - 66" refId="ref18872" refString="KINZELBACH, R. 1982. Die Skorpionssammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums der Stadt Mainz. - Teil I. Europa und Anatolie. Mainzer Naturwisserschaftiches Archiv, 20: 49 - 66." type="journal article" year="1982">Kinzelbach, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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; Lacroix, 1991),
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6302FC45E390FC13" box="[1358,1434,966,989]" name="Greece" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, northern and center
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E626CFC67E25EFC35" box="[1056,1108,996,1019]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E622EFC67E2D1FC35" box="[1122,1243,996,1019]" name="Macedonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E62A5FC67E349FC35" box="[1257,1347,996,1019]" name="Monaco" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Monaco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E631EFC67E577FBD4" name="Serbia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E65DEFB80E5F8FBD4" box="[914,1010,1027,1050]" name="Romania" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Romania</collectingCountry>
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(introduced), southwestern European
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6572FBA1E582FBF7" box="[830,904,1058,1081]" name="Russia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Russia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E65DAFBA1E213FBF7" box="[918,1049,1058,1081]" name="San Marino" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">San Marino</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E626BFBA1E28EFBF7" box="[1063,1156,1058,1081]" name="Slovenia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
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(only coastal area;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E632DFBA1E5ABFB99" author="FET" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="255 - 256" refId="ref18388" refString="FET, V., M. KUNTNER & B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Fet et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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), southern
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6264FBC3E2A0FB99" box="[1064,1194,1088,1111]" name="Switzerland" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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, European and Asian
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6572FBDCE585FBB8" box="[830,911,1119,1142]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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; it was also introduced in northern Africa (
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E632EFBDCE557FB5B" name="Algeria" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6526FBFDE5B6FB5B" box="[874,956,1150,1173]" name="Tunisia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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) and Middle East (
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E62C1FBFDE2B6FB5B" box="[1165,1212,1150,1173]" name="Iraq" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6286FBFDE31DFB5B" box="[1226,1303,1150,1173]" name="Yemen" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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) (Fet & Sissom, 2000). In
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E65A6FB1FE211FB7D" box="[1002,1051,1180,1203]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6267FB1FE291FB7D" ID-CoL="3D93R" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1067,1179,1180,1203]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6267FB1FE291FB7D" box="[1067,1179,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is common in northern and center regions, from
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<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E622AFB38E2C6FB1C" box="[1126,1228,1211,1234]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6343FB38E374FB1C" box="[1295,1406,1211,1234]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
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to
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<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6572FB59E581FB3F" box="[830,907,1242,1265]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Latium</collectingRegion>
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(excluding
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<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6255FB59E266FB3F" box="[1049,1132,1242,1265]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Liguria</collectingRegion>
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), and also on the Adriatic coast along Apennines from
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<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6235FB7BE355FAC1" box="[1145,1375,1272,1295]" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
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south to
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<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E652AFA94E5BAFAE0" box="[870,944,1303,1326]" country="Italy" name="Molise" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Molise</collectingRegion>
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and Abruzzi (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E622BFA94E339FAE0" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[1127,1331,1303,1326]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6304FA94E579FA83" author="CRUCITTI" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The author studied this species in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E634DFAB5E338FA83" box="[1281,1330,1334,1357]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
from five different regions:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E624DFAD7E2B0FAA5" box="[1025,1210,1364,1387]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Emilia Romagna</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E628BFAD7E33CFAA5" box="[1223,1334,1364,1387]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(where it was already recorded by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6216FAF0E2E2FA44" author="PAVESI" box="[1114,1256,1395,1418]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref19069" refString="PAVESI, P. 1878. Saggio di una fauna arachnologica del Varesotto. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 21: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="1878">Pavesi, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E634CFAF0E36CFA44" box="[1280,1382,1395,1418]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6334FAF0E566FA67" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Veneto</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E65EBFA11E5F2FA67" box="[935,1016,1426,1449]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Marche</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C12FF9E624AFA11E25EFA67" box="[1030,1108,1426,1449]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="27.[192,268,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[189,1441,251,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[192,1438,254,1704]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 20: E. italicus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy): 1. Fermo; 2. Monte Isola; 3. Cislano; 4. Campo; 5. Ceraino; 6. Varallo Pombia; 7. Cernobbio; 8. Isola Comacina; 9. Onno; 10. Cittiglio; 11. Busto Arsizio; 12. Montichiari; 13. Ferrara; 14. Felino; 15. Montechiarugolo; 16. Torrechiara; 17. San Pietro in Cerro; 18. Castell’Arquato." pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522FA33E325F973" blockId="24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
|||
|
|
The altitudinal preference of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E62F2FA33E33BFA09" ID-CoL="3D93R" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1214,1329,1456,1479]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E62F2FA33E33BFA09" box="[1214,1329,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
seems to range between 0 and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E6261FA4CE27EFA28" box="[1069,1140,1487,1510]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l., while higher records are maybe due to its recent dispersal through human activities (Vachon, 1952, 1983; Fet & Gruodis, 1987, after
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6573F9A8E235F98C" author="GANTENBEIN" box="[831,1087,1579,1602]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="13 - 43" refId="ref18803" refString="GANTENBEIN, B., M. E. SOLEGLAD, V. FET, P. CRUCITTI & E. V. FET. 2002. Euscorpius naupliensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) from Greece: elevation to the species level justified by molecular and morphological data. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 6: 13 - 43." type="journal article" year="2002">Gantenbein et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6235F9A8E2DCF98C" box="[1145,1238,1579,1602]" name="Slovenia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E62ABF9A8E39AF98C" author="FET" box="[1255,1424,1579,1602]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="255 - 256" refId="ref18388" refString="FET, V., M. KUNTNER & B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Fet et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), the highest record was ca.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E623AF9C9E2CAF9AF" box="[1142,1216,1610,1633]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l. In this study, most of the specimens was found between sea level and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E650CF904E58EF950" box="[832,900,1671,1694]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l., with the highest collecting site (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D57FD5D6C12FF9E6366F904E572F973" count="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
) in Cislano, Lombardy (ca.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E62E8F925E2E2F973" box="[1188,1256,1702,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l.).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9A6522F947E106FEA0" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522F947E393F8BB" blockId="24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
|||
|
|
Most of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6597F947E25BF915" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[987,1105,1732,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6597F947E25BF915" box="[987,1105,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were found on rocky cliffs (50.6%) and near or inside buildings, mostly abandoned (39.2%) but also inhabited (8.9%). This species is highly thermophilous and seems to be the most tolerant to water scarcity: indeed, lots of specimens can be found in sun-exposed dry rocky cliffs. At the same time,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6360F8DDE393F8BB" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1324,1433,1886,1909]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6360F8DDE393F8BB" box="[1324,1433,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF2E665C6C13FF9F668CFC64E723FBD9" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" startId="25.[192,268,999,1022]" targetBox="[189,1443,165,976]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C13FF9F668CFC64E723FBD9" blockId="25.[192,1441,999,1047]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F668CFC64E731FC30" bold="true" box="[192,315,999,1022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Figure 17:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C13FF9F670BFC6AE4DCFC33" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[327,726,1000,1022]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus" subGenus="Polytrichobothrius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F670BFC6AE4DCFC33" box="[327,726,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Euscorpius (Polytrichobothrius) italicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, subadult female, Busto Arsizio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF2E665C6C13FF9F668CF8E9E484F854" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" startId="25.[192,268,1898,1921]" targetBox="[189,1443,1064,1875]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C13FF9F668CF8E9E484F854" blockId="25.[192,1440,1898,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F668CF8E9E731F84F" bold="true" box="[192,315,1898,1921]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Figure 18:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
A subadult female of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C13FF9F646AF8EFE486F84E" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[550,652,1899,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F646AF8EFE486F84E" box="[550,652,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
surprised catching a caterpillar (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C13FF9F6591F8E8E2B9F84F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[989,1203,1899,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Malacosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neustria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F6591F8E8E2B9F84F" box="[989,1203,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Malacosoma neustria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) in Peschiera Maraglio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF2E665C6C10FF9C668CF801E48CF87C" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" startId="26.[192,268,1922,1945]" targetBox="[274,1395,168,1899]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C10FF9C668CF801E48CF87C" blockId="26.[192,1440,1922,1970]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C10FF9C668CF801E73DF857" bold="true" box="[192,311,1922,1945]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figure 19:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
High rocky cliffs are the most favorable environment for thermophylous species as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C10FF9C6222F807E2DAF856" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1134,1232,1923,1945]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C10FF9C6222F807E2DAF856" box="[1134,1232,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Peschiera Maraglio, Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF2E665C6C11FF9D668CF949E76BF8E2" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" startId="27.[192,268,1738,1761]" targetBox="[189,1441,251,1707]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C11FF9D668CF949E76BF8E2" blockId="27.[192,1440,1738,1836]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D668CF949E73CF92F" bold="true" box="[192,310,1738,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Figure 20:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C11FF9D6772F94FE7AAF92F" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[318,416,1740,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6772F94FE7AAF92F" box="[318,416,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy):
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D62A8F94FE2FDF92F" bold="true" box="[1252,1271,1740,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Fermo;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6305F94FE351F92F" bold="true" box="[1353,1371,1740,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Monte Isola;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D66B1F966E705F934" bold="true" box="[253,271,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cislano;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D673DF966E789F934" bold="true" box="[369,387,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">4.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Campo;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6792F966E7FBF934" bold="true" box="[478,497,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">5.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Ceraino;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D641FF966E46FF934" bold="true" box="[595,613,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">6.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Varallo Pombia;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6558F966E52CF934" bold="true" box="[788,806,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">7.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cernobbio;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D65EEF966E5BEF934" bold="true" box="[930,948,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">8.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Isola Comacina;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D622EF966E27EF934" bold="true" box="[1122,1140,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">9.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Onno;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D62F2F966E2D6F934" bold="true" box="[1214,1244,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">10.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cittiglio;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6308F966E36AF934" bold="true" box="[1348,1376,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">11.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Busto Arsizio;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6750F97DE730F8DD" bold="true" box="[284,314,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">12.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Montichiari;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6783F97DE7E7F8DD" bold="true" box="[463,493,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">13.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Ferrara;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D641AF97DE47EF8DD" bold="true" box="[598,628,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">14.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Felino;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6499F97DE4F9F8DD" bold="true" box="[725,755,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">15.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Montechiarugolo;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D65F0F97DE5D0F8DD" bold="true" box="[956,986,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">16.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Torrechiara;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6222F97DE286F8DD" bold="true" box="[1134,1164,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">17.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
San Pietro in Cerro;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D63CEF97DE3AAF8DD" bold="true" box="[1410,1440,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">18.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Castell’Arquato.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C16FF9A6690FED1E106FEA0" blockId="28.[220,1081,338,366]" box="[220,1804,338,366]" lastBlockId="28.[1772,1804,338,366]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C16FF9A6690FED1E106FEA0" bold="true" box="[220,1804,338,366]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
Colombo: New Data on Distribution and Ecology of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C16FF9A65E8FED1E233FEA0" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[932,1081,338,366]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C16FF9A65E8FED1E233FEA0" bold="true" box="[932,1081,338,366]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Euscorpius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
27
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|