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280 lines
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<mods:title id="FEEC0B96BF252251226EEE75A8772134">Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9376A1D7C3039A43FDFE5B6A6913F754">Prins, Jurate De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="009E5B7F54DF794EB7E9091DBE6B171A">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CA745EEBF68B65101F711CD9E01224C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03ADE350B150FFCEF1CFFED88D65CD91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259402" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B150FFCEF1CFFED88D65CD91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ADE350B150FFCEF1CFFED88D65CD91" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB150FFC9F1CFFED88AC0CD00" box="[151,650,331,358]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F1CFFED88AC0CD00" blockId="67.[151,650,331,390]" box="[151,650,331,358]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="D0F3E52AB150FFC9F1CFFED88AC0CD00" bold="true" box="[151,650,331,358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F1CFFED88AC0CD00" bold="true" box="[151,650,331,358]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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16.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F19BFEDF8AC0CD00" ID-CoL="4H856" authority="(Vari, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[195,650,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionopa">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19BFEDF89A7CD03" bold="true" box="[195,493,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Phyllonorycter chionopa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B150FFC9F0A5FED88AC8CD00" author="Vari" box="[509,642,331,357]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB150FFC9F1CFFEFD8997CDE3" box="[151,477,366,390]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F1CFFEFD8997CDE3" blockId="67.[151,650,331,390]" box="[151,477,366,390]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B150FFC9F1C7FEFD88BFCDE3" box="[159,245,366,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="194.[151,263,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,187,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-127@194.[217,1368,183,1797]" captionTargetPageId="194" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 39, Phyllonorycter adderis, holotype ♂, Rwanda, Nyungwe, mine 03.viii.2008, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005052. 40, Phyllonorycter agassizi, holotype ♂, Kenya, Ndoinet, 20.xii.1998, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000006146. 41, Phyllonorycter chionopa, holotype 6496♀, Namibia, Abachaus, ??.x.1944, leg. G. Hobohm, in TMSA. 42, Phyllonorycter encaeria, holotype 361♂, South Africa, Pretoria, 08.x.1906, leg. A.J.T. Janse, in TMSA. 43, Phyllonorycter encaeria, ♀, South Africa, Pretoria, 20.ix.1951, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA. 44, Phyllonorycter kazuri, holotype ♂, Kenya, Tsavo, 12.iv.2002, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003276." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052163/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs 41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B150FFC9F059FEFD892FCDE3" box="[257,357,366,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 182–184" captionStartId="219.[151,263,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,216,1214]" captionTargetId="figure-61@219.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="219" captionText="FIGURES 182–184. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 182–184, Phyllonorycter chionopa, the drawings are made by Willy De Prins after the additional description and the drawing of Triberti (2004: 81; fig. 6: A–C). 182, ventral view. 183, tip of valva. 184, aedoeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052266/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">182–184</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B150FFC9F029FEFD89D7CDE3" box="[369,413,366,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 306–307" captionStartId="250.[151,263,1479,1502]" captionTargetBox="[166,1414,183,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-64@250.[151,1436,169,1450]" captionTargetPageId="250" captionText="FIGURES 306–307. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 306, Phyllonorycter chionopa, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7727, in TMSA. 307, Phyllonorycter encaeria, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7504, in TMSA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052394/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">306</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B150FFC9F0F1FEFD899ECDE3" box="[425,468,366,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 367–378" captionStartId="273.[151,263,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[227,1355,191,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-75@273.[219,1370,179,1894]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURES 367–378. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 367, Phyllonorycter achilleus. 368, Phyllonorycter adderis. 369, Phyllonorycter agassizi. 370, Phyllonorycter chionopa. 371, Phyllonorycter encaeria. 372, Phyllonorycter kazuri. 373, Phyllonorycter lantanae. 374, Phyllonorycter gato. 375, Phyllonorycter grewiaecola. 376, Phyllonorycter grewiaephilos. 377, Phyllonorycter grewiella. 378, Phyllonorycter acutulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052487/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">370</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB150FFC9F1CFFE248B58CE6C" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F1CFFE248BDFCDA9" blockId="67.[151,1436,438,521]" box="[151,917,438,461]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B150FFC9F1CFFE248BDFCDA9" box="[151,917,438,461]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F1CFFE248930CDA8" authorityName="Vári" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,378,439,461]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionopa">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F1CFFE248930CDA8" box="[151,378,439,461]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Lithocolletis chionopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B150FFC9F0CCFE258A20CDA9" author="Vari, L." box="[404,618,438,460]" page="223" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B150FFC9F0CCFE258A20CDA9" author="Vari" box="[404,618,438,460]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="223 - 224" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961: 223–224</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; pl. 20, fig. 6; pl. 106, fig. 4).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F1CFFE468B58CE6C" blockId="67.[151,1436,438,521]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B150FFC9F1CFFE468B58CE6C" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F1CFFE4689DCCD8E" ID-CoL="4H856" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,406,469,491]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionopa">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F1CFFE4689DCCD8E" box="[151,406,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Phyllonorycter chionopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B150FFC9F0E8FE468AFECD8E" author="Vari, L. & Kroon, D." box="[432,692,469,491]" page="21" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B150FFC9F0E8FE468AFECD8E" author="Vari & Kroon" box="[432,692,469,491]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="21" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref201567" refString="Vari, L. & Kroon, D. (1986) Southern African Lepidoptera. A series of cross-referenced indices. Lepidopterists Society of Southern Africa and the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, 198 pp." type="book" year="1986">Vári & Kroon (1986: 21</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 136, 157),
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B150FFC9F26DFE468C05CD8E" author="Dall'Asta, U. & De Prins, J. & De Prins, W." box="[821,1103,469,491]" page="33" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B150FFC9F26DFE468C05CD8E" author="Dall'Asta" box="[821,1103,469,491]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="33" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
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Dall’Asta
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F2F9FE458B9BCD8E" box="[929,977,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
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. (2001: 33)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B150FFC9F505FE468D08CD8E" author="Vari, L. & Kroon, D. M. & Kruger, M." box="[1117,1346,469,491]" page="26" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B150FFC9F505FE468D08CD8E" author="Vari" box="[1117,1346,469,491]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vari" page="26" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref201604" refString="Vari, L., Kroon, D. M. & Kruger, M. (2002) Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Simple Solutions, Chatswood, xxi + 385 pp." type="book" year="2002">
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Vári
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F5CCFE458C89CD8E" box="[1172,1219,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002: 26)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B150FFC9F417FE468961CE6C" author="Triberti, P." page="81" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B150FFC9F417FE468961CE6C" author="Triberti" firstAuthor="Triberti" page="81" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="75 - 89" refId="ref200732" refString="Triberti, P. (2004) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera, Gracillarioidea). In: Mey, W. (Ed.): The Lepidoptera of the Brandberg Massif in Namibia. Part 1. Esperiana Memoir. Lepidoptera Africana, 1, pp. 75 - 89." type="journal article" year="2004">Triberti (2004: 81</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; fig. 6: A–C),
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B150FFC9F0E5FE678B44CE6C" author="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J." box="[445,782,499,521]" page="280" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B150FFC9F0E5FE678B44CE6C" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[445,782,499,521]" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="280" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins (2005: 280)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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|||
|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB150FFC9F1CFFDA58CBFCEDF" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F1CFFDA58CBFCEDF" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F1CFFDA5895BCE2A" bold="true" box="[151,273,566,591]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The wing pattern with large white patches on a bright yellowish ochreous background is unique to this species. The male genitalia have a slender, parallel-sided, setose valva that bears a short spine dorso-apically; a well developed, laterally thickened transtilla; and a very short saccus that is not extended. This combination of characters does not occur in other
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F34FFD308B5DCEDF" box="[535,791,674,699]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F34FFD308AF5CEDE" box="[535,703,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
|
|||
|
species
|
|||
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
that have slender and parallel-sided valva.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB150FFC9F19FFD558910CFD3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F19FFD558AA5CF43" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FFD5589FACEBA" bold="true" box="[199,432,710,735]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB150FFC9F0EEFD558AA0CF43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736549" collectingDate="Oct [ober]. ' 44" collectionCode="TMSA" collectorName="G. Hobohm" country="Namibia" location="Abachaus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F0EEFD558A57CEBB" box="[438,541,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<typeStatus id="54BFECE4B150FFC9F0EEFD558A57CEBB" box="[438,541,710,734]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
:
|
|||
|
<specimenCount id="9D0299CFB150FFC9F373FD548A0ACEBB" box="[555,576,711,734]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
, [1] [
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F326FD558AAFCEBA" bold="true" box="[638,741,710,735]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<collectingCountry id="F31312D6B150FFC9F326FD558AAFCEBA" box="[638,741,710,735]" name="Namibia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
] ‘
|
|||
|
<location id="8EDB049DB150FFC9F3A1FD558B25CEBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B150FFCEF1CFFED88D65CD91:8EDB049DB150FFC9F3A1FD558B25CEBB" box="[761,879,710,734]" country="Namibia" name="Abachaus" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Abachaus</location>
|
|||
|
, S[outh]. W[est]. A[frica]. /
|
|||
|
<collectingDate id="EFFE8D6EB150FFC9F5F3FD558D01CEBB" box="[1195,1355,710,734]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Oct[ober]. ’44</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
/ [leg.]
|
|||
|
<collectorName id="26F13790B150FFC9F1CFFD798956CF67" box="[151,284,746,770]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">G. Hobohm</collectorName>
|
|||
|
/’; [2] ‘
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F0D9FD788A47CF66" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[385,525,747,771]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F0D9FD788A47CF66" box="[385,525,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
/
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F374FD788AE2CF66" box="[556,680,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F374FD788ADECF66" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[556,660,747,771]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionopa">chionopa</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
/
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
Vari/’; [3] ‘G[enitalia] / 7727♀’; [4] ‘3238’; [5] ‘
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F5A4FD788DD6CF66" box="[1276,1436,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F5A4FD788DC2CF66" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[1276,1416,747,771]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lithocolletis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
/
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F1CFFC9D8972CF43" authority="Vari" authorityName="Vari" box="[151,312,782,806]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionopa">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F1CFFC9D88B5CF43" box="[151,255,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">chionopa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
Vári
|
|||
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
/ ♀ HOLOTYPE No 6496’, in
|
|||
|
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B150FFC9F3C1FC9D8AA0CF43" box="[665,746,782,806]" collectionName="South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Transvaal Museum" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">TMSA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F19FFCA08910CFD3" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FFCA089E9CF2E" box="[199,419,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Additional material</emphasis>
|
|||
|
: 2♂ (including 1♂ genitalia preparation).
|
|||
|
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB150FFC9F227FCA18D2ACF0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736540" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F227FCA18BACCF2E" bold="true" box="[895,998,818,843]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Namibia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
: 1♂, Brandberg, Ugab, 30.xi.2000, LF leg. W. Mey’;
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F008FCC58AE4CF0B" authority="Vari" authorityName="Vari" box="[336,686,854,878]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionopa">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F008FCC58A24CF0B" box="[336,622,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Phyllonorycter chionopa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
Vari
|
|||
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
, det. P. Triberti (I/03); genit. prep. trb 2792, in ZMHB
|
|||
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB150FFC9F42AFCC58910CFD3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736486" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
1♂, ‘Brandberg, Nuwuarib Valley, 1100 m, 1-2.xii.2000, LF leg. W. Mey;
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B150FFC9F2FCFCE88CB9CFF7" authority="Vari" authorityName="Vari" box="[932,1267,890,915]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chionopa">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F2FCFCE88CF0CFF6" box="[932,1210,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Phyllonorycter chionopa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
Vari
|
|||
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
, det. P. Triberti (I/03), in ZMHB.
|
|||
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB150FFCEF19FFC518B8BCC92" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F19FFC518B19CFBF" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" box="[199,851,962,987]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FFC51893ECFBE" bold="true" box="[199,372,962,987]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="1">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F023FC5089F2CFBE" box="[379,440,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Adult</emphasis>
|
|||
|
(
|
|||
|
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B150FFC9F09FFC518A50CFBF" box="[455,538,962,986]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–44" captionStartId="194.[151,263,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,187,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-127@194.[217,1368,183,1797]" captionTargetPageId="194" captionText="FIGURES 39–44. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 39, Phyllonorycter adderis, holotype ♂, Rwanda, Nyungwe, mine 03.viii.2008, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005052. 40, Phyllonorycter agassizi, holotype ♂, Kenya, Ndoinet, 20.xii.1998, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000006146. 41, Phyllonorycter chionopa, holotype 6496♀, Namibia, Abachaus, ??.x.1944, leg. G. Hobohm, in TMSA. 42, Phyllonorycter encaeria, holotype 361♂, South Africa, Pretoria, 08.x.1906, leg. A.J.T. Janse, in TMSA. 43, Phyllonorycter encaeria, ♀, South Africa, Pretoria, 20.ix.1951, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA. 44, Phyllonorycter kazuri, holotype ♂, Kenya, Tsavo, 12.iv.2002, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003276." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052163/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
). Forewing length: 3.0 mm.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F19FFC758B25C80F" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FFC758947CF9B" box="[199,269,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Head:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
Vertex tufted with white piliform scales with a slight suffusion of yellow scales with golden shine; frons smooth, covered with long appressed piliform white scales. Labial palpus drooping, downturned, palpomeres pure white; maxillary palpus white; proboscis developed, light beige. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, flagellomeres 1–4 whitish, remaining flagellomeres pale greyish.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F19FFBE58902C993" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FFBE5896BC8EB" box="[199,289,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
White, tegulae white with a few golden ochreous scales. Forewing elongate, ground colour golden yellow with white markings consisting of broad, irregularly shaped basal streak, two broad, costal, patch-like strigulae, and two dorsal patch-like strigulae; basal streak broadly ovoid, irregular margined, extending to 1/4 of forewing but not reaching costa or dorsal margin; first costal strigula at 1/2 of forewing, shaped as large triangular, extending slightly beyond midline of forewing; second dorsal strigula in apical area obliquely directed towards base, rod shaped, extending slightly beynd half of termen, with some white scales up to edge of termen; first dorsal strigula at 1/3 of forewing, crescent-shaped, ovally extended beyond half of dorsal margin, second dorsal strigula at 3/4 of forewing, smaller than first dorsal strigula, shaped as subtriangular, reaching almost midline of forewing; a small irregular white dot is present at tornus; all white markings on forewing are not edged; fringe pure white, longer at termen and shorter at dorsal margin. Hindwing uniformly white, fringe white with slight creamy shadow. Hindlegs white.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F19FF9908D0CCA7F" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" box="[199,1350,1538,1563]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FF990897BCA7E" box="[199,305,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|||
|
: White. Sternum VIII of male elongate moderate, gradually tapering to rounded caudal apex.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFC9F19FF9B58916CB5F" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FF9B58921CA5B" box="[199,363,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
(
|
|||
|
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B150FFC9F022F9B58A50CA5B" box="[378,538,1574,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 182–184" captionStartId="219.[151,263,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,216,1214]" captionTargetId="figure-61@219.[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="219" captionText="FIGURES 182–184. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 182–184, Phyllonorycter chionopa, the drawings are made by Willy De Prins after the additional description and the drawing of Triberti (2004: 81; fig. 6: A–C). 182, ventral view. 183, tip of valva. 184, aedoeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052266/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs 182–184</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
). Tegumen very weakly sclerotized, conus shaped, tuba analis truncate, apically covered with tiny short, numerous setae. Valvae symmetrical, slender, parallel sided, directed straight laterally, cucullus area somewhat rounded with rounded apical angle at costal margin; short thick spine directed ventrally present on dorsal apical angle of valva; medial surface with long slender setation, which significantly increases towards apex, cucullus with rough bulb-like edging. Vinculum, broad, tapers towards saccus, saccus not projecting. Transtilla strongly sclerotized, narrowed at mid-bar thickened at lateral sides; anellus developed, slightly sclerotized. Aedoeagus slightly longer than valva, broad and straight at coecum, then abruptly becomes slender and sinuous at vesica.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B150FFCEF19FF8D58B8BCC92" blockId="67.[151,1437,566,2031]" lastBlockId="68.[151,1436,151,500]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B150FFC9F19FF8D589C3CB3B" box="[199,393,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
(
|
|||
|
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B150FFC9F0C6F8D58A4ECB3B" box="[414,516,1862,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 306–307" captionStartId="250.[151,263,1479,1502]" captionTargetBox="[166,1414,183,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-64@250.[151,1436,169,1450]" captionTargetPageId="250" captionText="FIGURES 306–307. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 306, Phyllonorycter chionopa, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7727, in TMSA. 307, Phyllonorycter encaeria, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7504, in TMSA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052394/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 306</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
). Papillae anales laterally compressed, triangular, twice as broad dorsally than ventrally, covered with short fine setae; basal bar strongly sclerotized, narrow, circling posterior margin of segment VIII. Posterior apophyses sclerotized, slender, slightly broader at bases, reaching posterior margin of segment VII, apices sharply long pointed. Segment VIII weakly sclerotized, connected dorsally and ventrally. Posterior margin of segment VII is stronger sclerotized than anterior parts of segment VII. Anterior apophyses short, about half shorter than posterior apophyses, very slender with sharp apices, straight, initiating without basal plate. Ostium bursae situated at posterior margin of segment VII. Sterigmatic sclerotizations of cuticle not developed, antrum not sclerotized. Ductus bursae and corpus bursae are missing in preparation.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB157FFCEF19FFE908D26CDAA" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B157FFCEF19FFE908A45CD5A" blockId="68.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B157FFCEF19FFE908960CD79" bold="true" box="[199,298,259,284]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="1">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
Sandy floodplain, rocky slopes along dry river bed with dominant trees as
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B157FFCEF5CEFE978D23CD79" box="[1174,1385,260,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montis-usti">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B157FFCEF5CEFE978D23CD79" box="[1174,1385,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Acacia montis-usti</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B157FFCEF1CFFEBB8A41CD5A" box="[151,523,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B157FFCEF1CFFEBB8961CD25" box="[151,299,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Commiphora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
sp. (
|
|||
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B157FFCEF038FEB48A48CD5A" author="Mey" box="[352,514,295,319]" firstAuthor="Mey" page="10" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="7 - 26" refId="ref197618" refString="Mey, W. (2004) Introduction: Research on Lepidoptera of the Brandberg in Namibia (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Esperiana Memoir, 1, 7 - 26." type="journal article" year="2004">Mey 2004: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
)
|
|||
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B157FFCEF19FFEDF89ACCD01" blockId="68.[151,1436,151,500]" box="[199,486,331,356]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B157FFCEF19FFEDF8922CD01" bold="true" box="[199,360,331,356]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="1">Host plant(s).</emphasis>
|
|||
|
Unknown.
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B157FFCEF19FFEFC8D26CDAA" blockId="68.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
|||
|
<emphasis id="B9708E54B157FFCEF19FFEFC8921CDED" bold="true" box="[199,363,367,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="1">Flight period.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B157FFCEF02CFEFC8A78CDE2" author="Vari" box="[372,562,367,391]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="224" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961: 224)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
mentions the collecting date of the holotype as “December 1944”. However, the label under the holotype specimen indicates the collecting date as “Oct[ober] [19]44”. Adults are probably on the wing from October (the collection date of the holotype) to late November–early December (
|
|||
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B157FFCEF59EFE248D2ACDAA" author="Triberti" box="[1222,1376,439,463]" firstAuthor="Triberti" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="75 - 89" refId="ref200732" refString="Triberti, P. (2004) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera, Gracillarioidea). In: Mey, W. (Ed.): The Lepidoptera of the Brandberg Massif in Namibia. Part 1. Esperiana Memoir. Lepidoptera Africana, 1, pp. 75 - 89." type="journal article" year="2004">Triberti 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
).
|
|||
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB157FFCEF19FFE488D65CD91" box="[199,1327,475,500]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B157FFCEF19FFE488D65CD91" blockId="68.[151,1436,151,500]" box="[199,1327,475,500]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B157FFCEF19FFE48892ACD91" bold="true" box="[199,352,475,500]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B157FFCEF037FE4F8998CD91" box="[367,466,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 367–378" captionStartId="273.[151,263,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[227,1355,191,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-75@273.[219,1370,179,1894]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURES 367–378. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 367, Phyllonorycter achilleus. 368, Phyllonorycter adderis. 369, Phyllonorycter agassizi. 370, Phyllonorycter chionopa. 371, Phyllonorycter encaeria. 372, Phyllonorycter kazuri. 373, Phyllonorycter lantanae. 374, Phyllonorycter gato. 375, Phyllonorycter grewiaecola. 376, Phyllonorycter grewiaephilos. 377, Phyllonorycter grewiella. 378, Phyllonorycter acutulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052487/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 370</figureCitation>
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). Recorded only from a few localities in Namibia (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B157FFCEF552FE4F8C35CD91" author="Vari" box="[1034,1151,476,500]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári 1961</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B157FFCEF5D3FE4F8D69CD91" author="Triberti" box="[1163,1315,476,500]" firstAuthor="Triberti" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="75 - 89" refId="ref200732" refString="Triberti, P. (2004) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera, Gracillarioidea). In: Mey, W. (Ed.): The Lepidoptera of the Brandberg Massif in Namibia. Part 1. Esperiana Memoir. Lepidoptera Africana, 1, pp. 75 - 89." type="journal article" year="2004">Triberti 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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