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<document id="5713A6CD6093E8EBE2C84274ED7F36C8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3869.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c618c9d5-7832-4242-89f7-acf7d41a1698" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251126" ID-ZooBank="3BE6A102-F5EB-4485-A223-D834192E0688" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460923229346" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kolicka, Małgorzata, Kisielewski, Jacek, Kotwicki, Lech, Zawierucha, Krzysztof &amp; Grzelak, Katarzyna" docDate="2014" docId="3B5C87F3FFAE9A50FF2AFE64FD021EA5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03869p130.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3869 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Turbanella hyalina Schultze 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="C765FF8BFFBD9A46FFBDFFB4FFF41C62" masterDocTitle="Checklist of Gastrotricha of the Polish Baltic Sea with the first reports of Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011, and Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1698362177992" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9C821BEE20F94FC06B93DD94C3F446A2">Checklist of Gastrotricha of the Polish Baltic Sea with the first reports of Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011, and Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="924CCB6AAF1DDA38126B1F7ADC8ECD27">Kolicka, Małgorzata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0327268E835F2E7815CEC8A1638A709E">Kisielewski, Jacek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86FB7164CBDE60F22FDB71FA33D5D0AD">Kotwicki, Lech</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7A091EA90C0E3EB5CB4DD44B5F9AC02">Zawierucha, Krzysztof</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA94603FC57E5FFCD5D4D6567C077EEE">Grzelak, Katarzyna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3AD4651DB1CD9DDAF5E7309F5DC8DD57">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CFBBF7DCC72FF592C26725771A7E1B0A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D05611A93D1580F51905C4F1A52761E8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D51189BEC7CF67731CAA12ADBE36B7D8">3869</mods:number>
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<treatment id="3B5C87F3FFAE9A50FF2AFE64FD021EA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6142188" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6142188" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B5C87F3FFAE9A50FF2AFE64FD021EA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C87F3FFAE9A50FF2AFE64FD021EA5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<subSubSection id="FBEF656EFFAE9A55FF2AFE64FE031E2E" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF2AFE64FDCE1D88" blockId="19.[151,570,464,523]" box="[151,570,464,490]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<heading id="E8028189FFAE9A55FF2AFE64FDCE1D88" bold="true" box="[151,570,464,490]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FF2AFE64FDCE1D88" ID-CoL="59MK5" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,570,464,490]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF2AFE64FDCE1D88" bold="true" box="[151,570,464,490]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF2AFE64FE8B1D88" bold="true" box="[151,383,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Turbanella hyalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FE3AFE64FDCE1D88" author="Schultze" box="[391,570,464,490]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Schultze, M. (1853) Uber Chaetonotus und Ichthydium (Ehrb.) und eine neue verwandte Gattung Turbanella. Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologie, 6, 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1853">Schultze, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF2AFE46FE731E69" blockId="19.[151,570,464,523]" box="[151,391,498,523]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
(
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A60FFAE9A55FF22FE46FED41E69" box="[159,288,498,523]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStart-2="FIGURE 13" captionStart-3="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="20.[151,250,522,544]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1463,1485]" captionStartId-2="21.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionStartId-3="21.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1436,152,483]" captionTargetBox-1="[353,1251,586,1435]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,205,1119]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,1321,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[153,1438,152,485]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[353,1251,586,1436]" captionTargetId-2="figure@21.[151,1436,205,1119]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[151,1436,1321,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. Adult specimen—habitus." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. A—Juvenile specimen, B—Subadult specimen, C—Adult specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 13. Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. A—Anterior adhesive tubes, B—Lateral adhesive tubes, C—Dorso-lateral adhesive tubes, D—Dorsal view of caudum, E—Internal view of caudum, F—Ventral view of caudum." captionText-3="FIGURE 14. Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. A—Pharynx, B, C—Posterior body region with visible epidermal glands." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/251136/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/251137/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/251138/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/251139/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Figs 11–14</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="FE77035EFFAE9A55FE96FE46FE8A1E69" box="[299,382,498,523]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="22.[119,204,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[119,1887,748,1318]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="TABLE 5. Morphometric parameters for Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853; N – number of specimens or structures analysed, Range – the smallest and the largest structure" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E78A666DFFAB9A50FFCAFDC3F8CE1EEF" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" tableUuid="E78A666DFFAB9A50FFCAFDC3F8CE1EEF">Table 5</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF2AFD80FE031E2E" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" box="[151,503,564,589]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF2AFD80FEE71E2F" bold="true" box="[151,275,564,589]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Localities:</emphasis>
Sites 27, 28, and 29
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBEF656EFFAE9A55FF7AFDE3FD1E1B93" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AFDE3FB881E12" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" box="[199,1148,599,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF7AFDE3FEB71E12" bold="true" box="[199,323,599,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Materials:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="A5F3FD6CFFAE9A55FEF7FDE3FE161E12" box="[330,482,599,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">35 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="A5F3FD6CFFAE9A55FE4CFDE3FDAF1E12" box="[497,603,599,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="adult">19 adults</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="A5F3FD6CFFAE9A55FDDBFDE3FD011E12" box="[614,757,599,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="subadult">12 subadults</specimenCount>
, and
<specimenCount id="A5F3FD6CFFAE9A55FC8DFDE3FC501E12" box="[816,932,599,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="juvenile">4 juvenile</specimenCount>
), all photographed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AFDCEFD511ED4" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">The micro-photographs are available in the Natural History Collections at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and in the collection of the first author.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AFD74FDD6188B" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF7AFD74FE541EBB" bold="true" box="[199,416,704,729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Short description:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FE1BFD74FCD81EBB" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[422,812,704,729]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FE1BFD74FD881EBB" box="[422,636,704,729]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Turbanella hyalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FD3EFD74FCD81EBB" author="Schultze" box="[643,812,704,729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Schultze, M. (1853) Uber Chaetonotus und Ichthydium (Ehrb.) und eine neue verwandte Gattung Turbanella. Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologie, 6, 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1853">Schultze, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is a medium body-sized species in comparison to other
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FF2AFD50FECE1E9F" box="[151,314,740,765]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="order">Macrodasyida</taxonomicName>
. The body is slender and tapers towards the posterior end. The head is without distinctly marked conical appendages (palpal organs) and with only a very flat protrusion with a group of sensory cilia on the top and sculptured in front, and a snout-like oral protuberance, bearing a circumcephalic band of cilia. Neck constriction is slight, starting just above the anterior adhesive tubes at U4 and ending at U5. Trunk with a slightly wavy appearance, protruding with every lateral adhesive tube and of approximately uniform width, gradually tapering towards caudal lobes. The caudum is small and narrower than the trunk, with a short medial cone. Epidermal glands are from small to medium (1.1–12.2 Μm), usually distributed in two columns. The anterior adhesive tubes are located on the back of the head on short fleshy hands (at U4). The lateral and dorsal adhesive tubes are predominantly symmetrically distributed around the body on both sides over its entire length. Long sensory cilia and, near the dorsal adhesive tubes, short sensory cilia are connected with each of the lateral adhesive tubes. Additionally, many free sensory cilia (not connected with the adhesive tubes) are located in the trunk region. Posterior adhesive tubes are located on the posterior margin of the caudal lobes. In adults, each caudal lobe bears 5 to 10 adhesive tubes of various lengths. The external tubes are the longest, and the medial tubes the shortest. Sensory cilia are located near the posterior adhesive tubes. Locomotory ciliature runs parallel in two bands from the head to the base of the caudum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AFB40FE981914" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">The mouth ring is oval, narrow, protruding, located terminally, and surrounded by sensory cilia. The pharynx is cylindrical and expands slightly towards its posterior end. The pharyngeal pores are distinct and located at U19–U22, near the posterior end of the pharynx. The pharynx is connected via the pharyngeal intestinal junction to a straight intestine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AFA34FA751AED" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF7AFA34FE4E19FB" bold="true" box="[199,442,1408,1433]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Taxonomic remarks:</emphasis>
Molecular analysis conducted on the specimens from the northern coast of Europe showed that the morphospecies traditionally referred to as
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FD73FA11FC1A19DF" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[718,1006,1444,1469]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FD73FA11FCCA19DF" box="[718,830,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. hyalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FCFAFA10FC1A19DF" author="Schultze" box="[839,1006,1444,1469]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Schultze, M. (1853) Uber Chaetonotus und Ichthydium (Ehrb.) und eine neue verwandte Gattung Turbanella. Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologie, 6, 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1853">Schultze, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, comprises in fact two cryptic species (
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FF23FA73FE8F19BD" author="Kieneke" box="[158,379,1479,1504]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Kieneke, A., Martinez Arbizu, P. M. &amp; Fontaneto, D. (2012) Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1239 - 1254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2011.05421. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kieneke
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FEBFFA7CFECD1982" box="[258,313,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Considering the rather small geographic area where the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FB34FA7CFB031982" box="[1161,1271,1479,1504]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FB34FA7CFB031982" box="[1161,1271,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected by
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FF01FA5EFE451A61" box="[188,433,1514,1539]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Kieneke, A., Martinez Arbizu, P. M. &amp; Fontaneto, D. (2012) Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1239 - 1254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2011.05421. x" type="journal article">
Kieneke
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FE9FFA5FFEA81A61" box="[290,348,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
, it is plausible that a wider sampling area can yield a higher number of cryptic species. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FE8EF9BBFE501A44" box="[307,420,1549,1574]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FE8EF9BBFE501A44" box="[307,420,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays a wide range of morphological variability within the morphospecies. Different populations of
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FE81F986FE5F1A2B" box="[316,427,1584,1609]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FE81F986FE5F1A2B" box="[316,427,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may show completely reduced conical appendages (even without a distinct flat contour) or conical appendages developed to the extent that they resemble those found in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FBA6F9E1FB7A1A0E" box="[1051,1166,1621,1644]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FBA6F9E1FB7A1A0E" box="[1051,1166,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while retaining species integrity, as was confirmed by an ultrastructural analysis of their nervous system (
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FBA5F9C3FA821AED" author="Rothe" box="[1048,1398,1655,1680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Rothe, B. H. &amp; Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (2008) Variation in the nervous system in three species of the genus Turbanella (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida). Meiofauna Marina, 16, 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="2008">Rothe &amp; Schmidt-Rhaesa 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AF92EFED11A9B" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF7AF92EFE3B1AD1" bold="true" box="[199,463,1690,1715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Differential diagnosis:</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FDEDF92EFC8F1AD1" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[592,891,1690,1715]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FDEDF92EFD3F1AD1" box="[592,715,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Turbanella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FD6FF92EFC8F1AD1" author="Schultze" box="[722,891,1690,1715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Schultze, M. (1853) Uber Chaetonotus und Ichthydium (Ehrb.) und eine neue verwandte Gattung Turbanella. Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologie, 6, 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1853">Schultze, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, contains 29 similar species.
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FB02F92FFF261AB4" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FB02F92FFADA1AD1" box="[1215,1326,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. hyalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FA89F92EFF261AB4" author="Schultze" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Schultze, M. (1853) Uber Chaetonotus und Ichthydium (Ehrb.) und eine neue verwandte Gattung Turbanella. Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologie, 6, 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1853">Schultze, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FE58F90BFCF51AB4" authority="Remane, 1925" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1925" box="[485,769,1725,1750]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FE58F90BFDA31AB4" box="[485,599,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. cornuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FDE0F90AFCF51AB4" author="Remane" box="[605,769,1725,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Remane, A. (1925) Organisation und systematische Stellung der aberranten Gastrotrichen. Verhandlungen der deutschen zoologischen. Gesellschaft, 30, 121 - 128." type="journal article" year="1925">Remane, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FCB1F90BFBD01AB4" authority="Hummon, 2010" authorityName="Hummon" authorityYear="2010" box="[780,1060,1726,1750]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="wiseri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FCB1F90BFC9F1AB7" box="[780,875,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. wiseri</emphasis>
Hummon, 2010
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FBE0F90BFA991AB4" authority="Remane, 1953" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1953" box="[1117,1389,1725,1750]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FBE0F90BFB371AB4" box="[1117,1219,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. lutheri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFAE9A55FB74F90AFA991AB4" author="Remane" box="[1225,1389,1725,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" refString="Remane, A. (1953) Ein neues Gastrotrich aus dem Pazifik, Turbanella palaciosi nov. spec. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 151, 272 - 276." type="journal article" year="1953">Remane, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AF8B2FE891BE5" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FF7AF8B2FECE1B7F" box="[199,314,1798,1821]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF7AF8B2FECE1B7F" box="[199,314,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of: lack of clearly marked conical appendages (palpal organs), the position of the anterior adhesive tubes (the fleshy hands are triangular and longer in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FC81F89DFC5A1B22" box="[828,942,1833,1856]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FC81F89DFC5A1B22" box="[828,942,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), body shape (the body is not as slender and the base of the caudum is more clearly marked in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FD03F8F9FCDA1B06" box="[702,814,1869,1892]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FD03F8F9FCDA1B06" box="[702,814,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and head shape (the head is shorter and has more oval shape in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FF47F8C4FE9F1BE5" box="[250,363,1904,1927]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF47F8C4FE9F1BE5" box="[250,363,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAE9A55FF7AF827FD1E1B93" blockId="19.[151,1437,564,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FF7AF827FEDE1BC8" box="[199,298,1939,1962]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="wiseri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FF7AF827FEDE1BC8" box="[199,298,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. wiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of: a lack of clearly marked conical appendages (palpal organs) and pharynx shape (the pharynx is straight and equally wide along its entire length in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAE9A55FCDFF802FC301BAF" box="[866,964,1974,1997]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="wiseri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAE9A55FCDFF802FC301BAF" box="[866,964,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">T. wiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); in addition, its mouth is surrounded by only one
<typeStatus id="6C4E8847FFAE9A55FF42F86DFEDB1B93" box="[255,303,2009,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">type</typeStatus>
of short sensory cilia (Hummon 2010).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E78A666DFFA99A52FF2AFDBEFC6C1E42" box="[151,920,522,544]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251136/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" targetBox="[153,1436,152,483]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFA99A52FF2AFDBEFC6C1E42" blockId="20.[151,920,522,544]" box="[151,920,522,544]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FF2AFDBEFEEA1E7D" bold="true" box="[151,286,522,544]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FE99FDBEFD721E42" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[292,646,522,544]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FE99FDBEFE671E42" box="[292,403,522,544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Turbanella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FE27FDBEFE121E42" box="[410,486,522,544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">hyalina</emphasis>
Schultze, 1853
</taxonomicName>
. Adult specimen—habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E78A666DFFA99A52FF2AFA03FAA419AF" box="[151,1360,1463,1485]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251137/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" targetBox="[353,1251,586,1435]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFA99A52FF2AFA03FAA419AF" blockId="20.[151,1360,1463,1485]" box="[151,1360,1463,1485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FF2AFA03FEEB19AE" bold="true" box="[151,287,1463,1485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FE98FA03FD7319AF" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[293,647,1463,1485]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FE98FA03FE6019AF" box="[293,404,1463,1485]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Turbanella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FE26FA03FE1319AF" box="[411,487,1463,1485]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">hyalina</emphasis>
Schultze, 1853
</taxonomicName>
. A—Juvenile specimen, B—Subadult specimen, C—Adult specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FBEF656EFFA99A52FF7AFA4AFECC1B54" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFA99A52FF7AFA4AFECC1B54" blockId="20.[151,1437,1533,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FF7AFA4AFEC31A74" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[199,311,1533,1558]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FF7AFA4AFEC31A74" box="[199,311,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of: a lack of clearly marked conical appendages (palpal organs) (
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FB6CFA4AFAB51A74" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[1233,1345,1533,1558]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FB6CFA4AFAB51A74" box="[1233,1345,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no palpal organs whatsoever), body shape (the cephalic and cervical sections are narrower than the dorsal section in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FEAAF9F2FE711A3C" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[279,389,1605,1630]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FEAAF9F2FE711A3C" box="[279,389,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), head shape (the head is more rectangular in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FC09F9F2FBD61A3C" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[948,1058,1605,1630]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FC09F9F2FBD61A3C" box="[948,1058,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a greater number of regularly distributed lateral adhesive tubes (
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FDFDF9DEFD971AE3" box="[576,611,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">ca.</emphasis>
ten pairs of adhesive tubes are in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FBA5F9DEFB751AE0" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[1048,1153,1641,1666]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FBA5F9DEFB751AE0" box="[1048,1153,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a smaller number of posterior adhesive tubes (10–11 adhesive tubes in one caudal lobe are in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FC55F93AFBBB1AC4" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[1000,1103,1677,1702]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FC55F93AFBBB1AC4" box="[1000,1103,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the distribution and length of adhesive tubes in the caudal lobes (the adhesive tubes are located at the end and on the sides of the caudal lobe, and are of equal length in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FD9EF962FD781A8C" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[547,652,1749,1774]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FD9EF962FD781A8C" box="[547,652,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the number and length of the lateral sensory cilia (the lateral sensory cilia are shorter and less numerous in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FD0DF94EFCED1B70" ID-CoL="59MK9" box="[688,793,1785,1810]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="lutheri">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FD0DF94EFCED1B70" box="[688,793,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. lutheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FC8EF94EFC221B70" author="Remane" box="[819,982,1785,1810]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Remane, A. (1953) Ein neues Gastrotrich aus dem Pazifik, Turbanella palaciosi nov. spec. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 151, 272 - 276." type="journal article" year="1953">Remane 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FC59F94DFB591B70" author="Kisielewski" box="[996,1197,1785,1810]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kisielewski, J. (1975) Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) psammonowe polskiego Baltyku. Badania Fizjologiczne nad Polska Zachodnia, Seria C (Zoologia), 28, 7 - 40." type="journal article" year="1975">Kisielewski 1975</bibRefCitation>
; Rothe &amp; Schmidth- Rhaesa 2008).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBEF656EFFA99A50FF7AF8F5FD021EA5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFA99A52FF7AF8F5FBFB1BBD" blockId="20.[151,1437,1533,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FF7AF8F5FE961B38" bold="true" box="[199,354,1857,1882]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA99A52FED1F8F6FE291B38" box="[364,477,1857,1882]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FED1F8F6FE291B38" box="[364,477,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">T. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphospecies is widely distributed in Europe and has been reported in:
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FA81F8F5FA681B38" box="[1340,1436,1857,1882]" name="Belgium" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Belgium</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FF23F8D6FE971B19" author="Jouk" box="[158,355,1890,1915]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Jouk, P. E. H., Hummon, W. D., Hummon, M. R. &amp; Roidou, E. (1992) Marine Gastrotricha from the Belgian coast: Species list and distribution. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 62, 87 - 90." type="journal article" year="1992">
Jouk
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FF5DF8D0FEE81B19" box="[224,284,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FEC7F8D6FE161B19" box="[378,482,1890,1915]" name="Denmark" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Denmark</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FE49F8D6FD661B19" author="Karling" box="[500,658,1890,1915]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Karling, T. G. (1954) Uber einige Kleintiere des Meeressandes des Nordsee-Ostsee- Gebietes. Arkiv for Zoologi, 14, 241 - 249." type="journal article" year="1954">Karling 1954</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FD1CF8D6FC781B19" author="Kieneke" box="[673,908,1890,1915]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kieneke, A., Martinez Arbizu, P. M. &amp; Fontaneto, D. (2012) Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1239 - 1254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2011.05421. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kieneke
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FCB4F8D0FCB21B19" box="[777,838,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FC1EF8D7FC1B1B18" box="[931,1007,1891,1914]" name="France" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FBBFF8D6FB621B19" author="Muller" box="[1026,1174,1890,1915]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Muller, Y. (2004) Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. Commission Regionale de Biologie Region Nord Pas-de-Calais, France, 307 pp." type="book" year="2004">Müller 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FB18F8D6FA641B19" author="Kieneke" box="[1189,1424,1890,1915]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kieneke, A., Martinez Arbizu, P. M. &amp; Fontaneto, D. (2012) Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1239 - 1254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2011.05421. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kieneke
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FAB0F8D0FABD1B19" box="[1293,1353,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FF2AF830FF0B1BFE" box="[151,255,1924,1948]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FEB0F830FE181BFE" author="Kieneke" box="[269,492,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kieneke, A., Martinez Arbizu, P. M. &amp; Fontaneto, D. (2012) Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1239 - 1254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2011.05421. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kieneke
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FECEF831FE5F1BFF" box="[371,427,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FE4AF830FD6D1BFF" author="Schultze" box="[503,665,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Schultze, M. (1853) Uber Chaetonotus und Ichthydium (Ehrb.) und eine neue verwandte Gattung Turbanella. Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologie, 6, 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1853">Schultze 1853</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FD10F830FD141BFF" box="[685,736,1924,1949]" name="Italy" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FD53F830FBD01BFF" author="Balsamo" box="[750,1060,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Balsamo, M. &amp; Tongiorgi, P. (1995) Gastrotricha. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S., La Posta S. (Eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 7. Calderini, Bologna, pp. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1995">Balsamo &amp; Tongiorgi 1995</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FB85F830FB131BFF" box="[1080,1255,1924,1949]" name="Netherlands" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FB4BF830FA641BFF" author="Boaden" box="[1270,1424,1924,1949]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Boaden, P. J. S. (1976) Soft meiofauna of sand from delta region of the Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt. Netherland Journal of Sea Research, 10 (4), 461 - 471. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0077 - 7579 (76) 90021 - 1" type="journal article" year="1976">Boaden 1976</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FF2AF812FF051BDC" box="[151,241,1958,1982]" name="Norway" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Norway</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FEBEF811FE191BDC" author="Kieneke" box="[259,493,1957,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kieneke, A., Martinez Arbizu, P. M. &amp; Fontaneto, D. (2012) Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1239 - 1254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2011.05421. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kieneke
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FED1F812FE531BDC" box="[364,423,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
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),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FDBEF811FD9C1BDC" box="[515,616,1957,1982]" name="Romania" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FDC7F811FCD51BDC" author="Rudescu" box="[634,801,1957,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Rudescu, L. (1967) Trochelminthes: Gastrotricha. Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, 2 (3), 1 - 289." type="journal article" year="1967">Rudescu 1967</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FC84F811FC661BDC" box="[825,914,1957,1982]" name="Sweden" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FC1EF812FBB51BDC" author="Jansson" box="[931,1089,1957,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Jansson, B. O. (1968) Quantitative and experimental studies of the interstitial fauna of four Swedish sandy beaches. Ophelia, 5, 1 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1968.10409625" type="journal article" year="1968">Jansson 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FBEDF811FB1F1BDC" author="Karling" box="[1104,1259,1957,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Karling, T. G. (1954) Uber einige Kleintiere des Meeressandes des Nordsee-Ostsee- Gebietes. Arkiv for Zoologi, 14, 241 - 249." type="journal article" year="1954">Karling 1954</bibRefCitation>
;
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Kieneke
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA99A52FADCF812FA681BDC" box="[1377,1436,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
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), and the
<collectingCountry id="CBE27675FFA99A52FE82F872FE081BBD" box="[319,508,1990,2015]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FDB7F873FCEC1BBD" author="Howson" box="[522,792,1990,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Howson, C. M. &amp; Picton, B. E. (Ed.) (1997) The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum, Belfast, 508 pp." type="book" year="1997">Howson &amp; Picton 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B14FFA99A52FC9EF872FBF71BBD" author="Kieneke" box="[803,1027,1990,2015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Kieneke, A., Martinez Arbizu, P. M. &amp; Fontaneto, D. (2012) Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1239 - 1254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2011.05421. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
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).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E78A666DFFA89A53FF2AFB3DFB5F18DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251138/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" targetBox="[151,1436,205,1119]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFA89A53FF2AFB3DFB5F18DF" blockId="21.[151,1436,1161,1213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA89A53FF2AFB3DFED518FC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1161,1183]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA89A53FE97FB3DFD6618FD" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[298,658,1161,1183]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA89A53FE97FB3DFE1918FD" box="[298,493,1161,1183]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Turbanella hyalina</emphasis>
Schultze, 1853
</taxonomicName>
. A—Anterior adhesive tubes, B—Lateral adhesive tubes, C—Dorso-lateral adhesive tubes, D—Dorsal view of caudum, E—Internal view of caudum, F—Ventral view of caudum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E78A666DFFA89A53FF2AF822FA8C1BCE" box="[151,1400,1942,1964]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251139/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" targetBox="[151,1436,1321,1895]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFA89A53FF2AF822FA8C1BCE" blockId="21.[151,1400,1942,1964]" box="[151,1400,1942,1964]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA89A53FF2AF822FEEB1BCE" bold="true" box="[151,287,1942,1964]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFA89A53FE98F822FD731BCE" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[293,647,1942,1964]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA89A53FE98F822FE601BCE" box="[293,404,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Turbanella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFA89A53FE26F822FE131BCE" box="[411,487,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">hyalina</emphasis>
Schultze, 1853
</taxonomicName>
. A—Pharynx, B, C—Posterior body region with visible epidermal glands.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E78A666DFFAB9A50FFCAFDC3F8CE1EEF" ID-Table-UUID="E78A666DFFAB9A50FFCAFDC3F8CE1EEF" box="[119,1850,631,653]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E78A666DFFAB9A50FFCAFDC3F8CE1EEF" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" targetBox="[119,1887,748,1318]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAB9A50FFCAFDC3F8CE1EEF" blockId="22.[119,1850,631,653]" box="[119,1850,631,653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAB9A50FFCAFDC3FF2B1EEF" bold="true" box="[119,223,631,653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">TABLE 5</emphasis>
. Morphometric parameters for
<taxonomicName id="74F54D66FFAB9A50FDA7FDC3FC8D1EEF" authority="Schultze, 1853" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1853" box="[538,889,631,653]" family="Turbanellidae" genus="Turbanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="8181EAF7FFAB9A50FDA7FDC3FD2F1EEF" box="[538,731,631,653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Turbanella hyalina</emphasis>
Schultze, 1853
</taxonomicName>
; N – number of specimens or structures analysed, Range – the smallest and the largest structure
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B34A36E5FFAB9A50FFCAFD05FD021EA5" blockId="22.[119,758,689,711]" box="[119,758,689,711]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">found among all specimens measured, SD – standard deviation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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