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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3bbe66a-aeeb-43a5-ac78-6648765c8060" ID-PMC="PMC5126387" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-628-1" ID-PubMed="27917037" ID-ZBK="2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-628-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 628" ModsDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" checkinTime="1477975617303" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Nieukerken, Erik J., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Nishida, Kenji &amp; Snyers, Chris" docDate="2016" docId="5D183CDC79038EA397A9370019267B7A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 628: 1-63" docOrigin="ZooKeys 628" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" docTitle="Hesperolyra van Nieukerken, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BDA8170A-00CA-4613-8944-8DDE631A01D2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="296BFFD9FF96495C2E58A0247558FFE0" masterDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668163655911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>van Nieukerken, Erik J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Snyers, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>628</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-628-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127895163" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BDA8170A-00CA-4613-8944-8DDE631A01D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D183CDC79038EA397A9370019267B7A" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Nepticulidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/BDA8170A-00CA-4613-8944-8DDE631A01D2" authority="van Nieukerken" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra van Nieukerken</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="34" pageNumber="35">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria molybditis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molybditis">Fomoria molybditis</taxonomicName>
group
<bibRefCitation author="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London Entomology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="59 - 76" title="A review and check list of the Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/76406" volume="71" year="2002 b">Puplesis et al. 2002b</bibRefCitation>
: 66.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Fomoria diskusi</taxonomicName>
Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000: 43, by present designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
There are no obvious external characters apart from the venation: broad forewing with a straight main vein with 4 branches, CuA absent, rather resembling
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Acalyptris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acalyptris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acalyptris</taxonomicName>
, but no vestigial closed cell present and wings broader. The most obvious characters are in the male genitalia: bifurcate pseuduncus, deeply divided valva and long extended lyre-shaped transtilla. Female genitalia without reticulate signa, small bursa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Adult (Figs 117-121). Small to large nepticulid moths, forewing length 1.8-4.0 mm. Head with collar comprising piliform scales. Antenna with 24-40 segments in male, 23-33 in female. Forewing variously patterned, no subdorsal reti
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">naculum</pageBreakToken>
in male. Hindwing in male without costal bristles, no androconial scales observed. Forewing fold with group of hidden androconials in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Hesperolyra diskusi</taxonomicName>
(Figs 126, 127). Venation (Figs 115, 116): simplified, forewing rather broad, R separate from base, a straight main Rs+M, without closed cell, with 3 branches: Rs1+2, Rs3+4 and M; CuA
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">absent</pageBreakToken>
(or fused), A thickened; Hindwing broad, with 3 or 4 visible veins, a bifurcate Rs+M, CuA and A. Tergum 8 with anal tufts.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figures 115-116.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra</taxonomicName>
gen. n., venation. 115
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Hesperolyra diskusi</taxonomicName>
, male paratype, slide EvN4501 116
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
, female, veins labelled, slide EvN4505. Scale bars: 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figures 117-120.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra</taxonomicName>
gen. n., adult habitus. 117
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Hesperolyra diskusi</taxonomicName>
, male paratype, RMNH.INS.24501 118
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Hesperolyra diskusi</taxonomicName>
, female paratype, BMNH(E)1625477 119
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
, female holotype 120
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
, female RMNH.INS.24505. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figures 121-127.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Hesperolyra diskusi</taxonomicName>
, paratypes, male genitalia and forewing fold. 121-123 slide EvN4501 124-125 slide BM29130 126-127 Forewing fold and costal retinaculum, showing special scales hidden under fold, stained slide EvN4501, unstained, slide BM28847. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male genitalia. (Figs 121-125). Vinculum ring shaped, fused with tegumen; ventral plate expanded, very long, slightly excavated. Tegumen forming a bilobed pseuduncus. Uncus Y shaped. Gnathos with small central element. Valva complex, usually deeply divided, elongate to triangular, transtilla with enlarged transverse bar, forming a lyre-shaped anterior extension, comprising distinct but small sublateral processes. Various elaborate long spines either as part of valva or as ventral process (juxta). Phallus long, vesica often with many cornuti.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Female genitalia (Figs 129-136). T9 a pair of setose anal papillae; T8 broadly rounded, with some setae. Anterior apophyses slightly shorter than posterior ones. Vestibulum without sclerotisation; corpus bursae without signa, rather flimsy, a small folded accessory sac leading to a coiled ductus spermathecae with 2-7 convolutions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pupa (Figs 140-141). Frons in eclosion separated from scape. Abdominal tergites 2-8 with each ca 4 rows of spines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
So far the host plant is only known for one species,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Microlepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
, on which the larva makes normal gallery mines (Figs 137-138).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Only known from the Neotropics: Belize, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="composition">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
We recombine here the species previously placed in the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria molybditis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molybditis">Fomoria molybditis</taxonomicName>
group:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Hesperolyra diskusi</taxonomicName>
(Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000), comb. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra molybditis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molybditis">Hesperolyra molybditis</taxonomicName>
(Zeller, 1877), comb. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra repanda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repanda">Hesperolyra repanda</taxonomicName>
(Puplesis &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diškus">Diskus</normalizedToken>
, 2002), comb. n. and describe one new species,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
van Nieukerken sp. n. One unnamed species also belongs here:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra</taxonomicName>
species 29122 (
<bibRefCitation author="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London Entomology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="3 - 114" title="A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/76459" volume="69" year="2000">Puplesis and Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra</taxonomicName>
is a combination of Hespero- from Hesperus (the evening star), referring to the occurrence in the western hemisphere, and lyra (lyre), referring to the lyre shaped transtilla, a common character for species where the male is known. The name is to be treated as feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The present genus was recognised first in our molecular analysis by the new species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
, that consistently grouped outside any known genus, often together with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
, but at a large distance. Since we did not have a male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
, a generic description seemed problematic, until we noticed similarity to the recently obtained DNA barcode of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Fomoria diskusi</taxonomicName>
and the unusual venation of both species, quite different from any other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fomoria</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Fomoria diskusi</taxonomicName>
was placed with some other species in the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria molybditis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molybditis">Fomoria molybditis</taxonomicName>
group (
<bibRefCitation author="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London Entomology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="59 - 76" title="A review and check list of the Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/76406" volume="71" year="2002 b">Puplesis et al. 2002b</bibRefCitation>
), here treated as a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London Entomology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="3 - 114" title="A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/76459" volume="69" year="2000">Puplesis and Robinson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra molybditis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molybditis">Hesperolyra molybditis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="Microlepidoptera" lsidName="Microlepidoptera diskusi" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="diskusi">diskusi</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fomoria</taxonomicName>
on the basis of superficial similarity of male genitalia, even though the venation is markedly different, resembling more that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Acalyptris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acalyptris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acalyptris</taxonomicName>
. The authors even stated that &quot;the unusually reduced wing venation lends additional support.&quot; The lack of apomorphies for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fomoria</taxonomicName>
s. str. make assignment of any species to that genus difficult without molecular support, and even with eight genetic markers the support is not high (
<bibRefCitation author="Doorenweerd, C" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" title="Systematic Entomology" url="10.1111/syen.12212" year="2016">Doorenweerd et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). After careful comparison we are convinced that the species in this group and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra saopaulensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saopaulensis">Hesperolyra saopaulensis</taxonomicName>
are congeneric. We selected
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra diskusi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diskusi">Hesperolyra diskusi</taxonomicName>
as type species, because it is the only species for which males and females are known. By this action,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria tabulosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabulosa">Fomoria tabulosa</taxonomicName>
Puplesis &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diškus">Diskus</normalizedToken>
, 2002 remains the only known Neotropical species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fomoria</taxonomicName>
. Whether this indeed belongs to the clade to which the type species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fomoria</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Fomoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fomoria weaveri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weaveri">Fomoria weaveri</taxonomicName>
(Stainton, 1855), belongs, remains unclear, the genitalia are rather atypical and the venation has not been studied.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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