201 lines
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201 lines
20 KiB
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<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9aa410be-7687-45e7-a820-065d5b3281e8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100060505" ID-HNS-Pub="27210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137035" checkinTime="1400715470232" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Bolton, Barry & Fisher, Brian" docDate="2014" docId="31B5F6C4D924AE0D56EA41CA80D68B03" docLanguage="en" docName="27210_4.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3791 (1)" docTitle="Eutetramorium" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="94F02DEB689E84D4B189E46A16A44076" masterDocTitle="The Madagascan endemic myrmicine ants related to Eutetramorium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): taxonomy of the genera Eutetramorium Emery, Malagidris nom. n., Myrmisaraka gen. n., Royidris gen. n., and Vitsika gen. n .." masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1645179377042" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Madagascan endemic myrmicine ants related to Eutetramorium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): taxonomy of the genera Eutetramorium Emery, Malagidris nom. n., Myrmisaraka gen. n., Royidris gen. n., and Vitsika gen. n ..</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bolton, Barry</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3791</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="HNS-Pub">27210</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3791.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1C6E3E9C-E1F4-4A0E-9481-B59B817C8355</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137035" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100060505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137035" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:31B5F6C4D924AE0D56EA41CA80D68B03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/31B5F6C4D924AE0D56EA41CA80D68B03" lastPageNumber="10" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">
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(Figs 1-
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<pageNumber ambiguity="1" fuzzyness="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" score="4131" value="9">9</pageNumber>
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, Maps 123-125)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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Emery
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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Emery, 1899: 280. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">Eutetramorium mocquerysi Emery</taxonomicName>
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, 1899: 281, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911: 163.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Diagnosis of worker</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Monomorphic myrmicine ants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Mandible triangular; masticatory margin with 6-8 teeth, longer than the basal margin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Palp formula 4,3, or 4,2.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Stipes of maxilla with a coarse transverse crest.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Clypeus posteriorly moderately broadly inserted between the frontal lobes; median portion of clypeus broad, not bicarinate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Clypeus with lateral portions raised into a shielding wall or sharp ridge in front of the antennal sockets.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Clypeus with a tooth or triangular point at midpoint of anterior margin; without an unpaired seta at the midpoint.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Frontal carinae restricted to frontal lobes, never extending to the posterior margin of the head.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Antennal scrobes absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Antenna with 12 segments, with an apical club of 3 segments; scape distinctly downcurved near its base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Antennal socket and torulus subtended by a depressed antennal fossa; anterior margin of the fossa is formed by the posterior surface of the narrow, raised, lateral portion of the clypeus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Torulus with upper lobe concealed by the frontal lobe in full-face view. In profile the torulus lobe large, directed downward over the condyle of the scape.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Eyes present, located slightly in front of, to slightly behind, the midlength of the side of the head capsule in full-face view.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Head capsule without a median, longitudinal carina.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Pronotal humeri rounded in dorsal view.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Metanotal groove impressed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Propodeum bispinose or bidentate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Propodeal spiracle behind midlength of sclerite.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Metasternal process present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Tibial spurs: mesotibia 0 or 1; metatibia 0 or 1; simple when present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Abdominal segment 4 (first gastral) tergite does not broadly overlap the sternite on the ventral gaster; gastral shoulders absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Sting simple, without a spatulate to pennant-shaped lamellate appendage that projects from the dorsum of the shaft near or at its apex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Main pilosity of dorsal head and body: simple.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Diagnosis of queen (gyne)</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">
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Extreme ergatoid in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">mocquerysi</taxonomicName>
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, alate in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticellii">monticellii</taxonomicName>
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. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">parvum</taxonomicName>
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a normal dealate queen is present in the type-series, but there is also a specimen that may be an ergatoid or a worker-queen intercaste, or possibly merely an oversized worker, as discussed under
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">parvum</taxonomicName>
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. Dealate queen with characters as worker except for the usual modifications of the mesosoma and the presence of ocelli. Venation: see under male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">Diagnosis of male</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="mainText">
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Known only for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">E. mocquerysi</taxonomicName>
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. Smaller than conspecific worker. Mandible stoutly triangular, with 7 teeth. Palp formula 4,3. Stipital crest present on maxilla. Antenna with 13 segments, filiform. SI 31. First funicular segment short but not globular, about one quarter the length of the second funicular segment. In full-face view eye located in front of midlength of head capsule. Ocelli small, conspicuous. Occipital carina sharp but not forming a raised crest. Mesotibia and metatibia each with a single spur, barbulate on mesotibia, weakly pectinate on metatibia. Notauli weakly present, the anterior arms forming a V-shape. Mesoscutum anteriorly, between the notauli arms, with a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">longitudinal</pageBreakToken>
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median carina that is narrowly bifurcated anteriorly. Mesopleuron with a marked transverse sulcus. Propodeum unarmed, the spiracle low on the side and in front of the midlength of the sclerite; propodeal lobes conspicuous, rounded. Petiole with a short, stout anterior peduncle and a short but relatively high node, the spiracle about level with the base of the anterior face of the node. Postpetiole greatly elongated, in profile almost twice the length of the petiole. Subpetiolar process present, small. Cerci present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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Forewing venation (based on male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">mocquerysi</taxonomicName>
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and queen of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticellii">monticellii</taxonomicName>
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). Rsf4-5 does not meet Rf3 on anterior margin of wing (= marginal cell open). 2rs-m absent. 1m-cu present. Fusion of Rs+M extended distally, so that 1m-cu arises from Rs+M, not from M. Rsf3 present (Rs+M divides into Rsf3 and Mf3-4 proximal of the junction with 2r-rs). A-f2 long, not merely a stub distal of cu-a. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticellii">monticellii</taxonomicName>
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queens cu-a is retracted toward the wing base and arises from M+Cu, proximal of the point where it divides into Mf1 and Cuf1-2. However, in the single
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">mocquerysi</taxonomicName>
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male examined, cu-a arises at the point where M+Cu divides.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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Comments on
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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This small genus was established by Emery (1899) for two conspicuous, large, darkly coloured Madagascan species that superficially resemble
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetramorium</taxonomicName>
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. Initially, Emery (1912, 1914) was of the opinion that the genus was referable to the tribe
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<taxonomicName pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmecinini">Myrmecinini</taxonomicName>
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, but Ashmead (1905) and Wheeler (1910) had already referred it to
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<taxonomicName pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="tribe" tribe="Tetramoriini">Tetramoriini</taxonomicName>
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, an opinion that Emery (1915b, 1924) also came to accept. Bolton (1976) excluded
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="tribe" tribe="Tetramoriini">Tetramoriini</taxonomicName>
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on morphological grounds, and tentatively transferred it to
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<taxonomicName pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmicini">Myrmicini</taxonomicName>
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. This placement persisted until recently, when a molecular analysis of
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<taxonomicName pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmicini">Myrmicini</taxonomicName>
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by Jansen & Savolainen (2010) showed that the monophyly of the tribe was dubious, and that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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formed a clade with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Huberia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Huberia</taxonomicName>
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. The yet unpublished, more detailed, DNA analysis of
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<taxonomicName pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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by Philip S. Ward has established that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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belongs in a strongly supported, endemic Madagascan clade that also includes the other four genera revised here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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Synopsis of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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species
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">mocquerysi Emery</taxonomicName>
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, 1899
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticellii">monticellii Emery</taxonomicName>
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, 1899
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bolton & Fisher" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">
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parvum
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<authority>Bolton & Fisher</authority>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="key">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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Key to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eutetramorium</taxonomicName>
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species (workers)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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1 Much smaller, yellow species (Fig. 7), HW 0.56-0.59, SL 0.44-0.48, MfL 0.52-0.54. Eye relatively larger, EL/HW 0.24-0.25. Palp formula 4,2. Metatibia without a spur............................................................
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">parvum</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">- Much larger, darkly coloured species (Figs 1, 4), HW> 1.00, SL> 0.75, MfL> 1.00. Eye relatively smaller, EL/HW 0.17-0.22. Palp formula 4,3. Metatibia with a stout simple spur.................................................2</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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2 Dorsum of promesonotum and first gastral tergite with numerous suberect to decumbent setae present (Fig. 4). Propodeal spines short, in profile less than 1.50 x the maximum width of the propodeal lobe. Pronotal dorsum finely reticulate-rugose, the interspaces with some weak punctate ground sculpture (Fig. 6)..........................................
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticellii">monticellii</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="mainText">
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- Dorsum of promesonotum and first gastral tergite with minute appressed pubescence, without subdecumbent to decumbent setae (Fig. 1). Propodeal spines long, in profile obviously more than 3.00 x longer than the maximum width of the propodeal lobe. Pronotal dorsum coarsely shagreenate between foveate pits (Fig. 3)................................
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eutetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mocquerysi">mocquerysi</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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