778 lines
103 KiB
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778 lines
103 KiB
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<document id="C34C97B6A5F060D043837BD0278A7EF8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eddb2455-6130-41ea-8d4a-04dd91880555" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173402" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459774152151" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Timm, Tarmo" docDate="2006" docId="03B8F716FFF4FFB17C7DFEB3FD27741D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01281p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1281" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Varichaetadrilus harmani Loden 1979, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF818F6EFFF7FFBA7D75FFAFFFA57653" masterDocTitle="A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Müller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta)" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698217599448" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C54AB83730EF93FA54F06D05C80CCCDE">A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Müller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3C89F5A0F9907C7547EC63560CF1618">Timm, Tarmo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="75F4E38629A22F4CD46BE5A8236CAD0E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C3B963CE492BF33369641AA3A6A0C4B0">
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<mods:date id="780087018FCA1E134333B73BE42E633C">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A8AFAF8583882F8D9F5001C9433C4632" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CCEAA52D4F4274D31FA473A90797F1C0">1281</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EE1CFB94C30F066AC18594AAB4691333" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.173402</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CFBDB381D48E176A57BAF605C70ECB02" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DDB740298F7969591F0E8E24DCBAAF19" type="Zenodo-Dep">173402</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B8F716FFF4FFB17C7DFEB3FD27741D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263523" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119347668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6263523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8F716FFF4FFB17C7DFEB3FD27741D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8F716FFF4FFB17C7DFEB3FD27741D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C30B158BFFF4FFB97C7DFEB3FE25770A" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C7DFEB3FCC07766" blockId="3.[264,869,283,345]" box="[264,869,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0E6F16CFFF4FFB97C7DFEB3FCC07766" bold="true" box="[264,869,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF4FFB97C7DFEB3FCC07766" bold="true" box="[264,869,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF4FFB97C7DFEB3FD567766" authority="Loden, 1979" authorityName="Loden" authorityYear="1979" box="[264,755,283,310]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF4FFB97C7DFEB3FD9A7765" bold="true" box="[264,575,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFF4FFB97F3AFEB4FD4E7766" author="Loden" box="[591,747,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2562769FFF4FFB97F8FFEB4FCC07766" box="[762,869,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C7DFE90FE25770A" blockId="3.[264,869,283,345]" box="[264,384,319,345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97C65FE90FED2770A" box="[272,375,319,345]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetBox-1="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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Figs 1
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF4FFB97C2FFEEEFEC2770B" box="[346,359,321,344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">–</emphasis>
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3
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</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B158BFFF4FFB97C7DFE20FB3F7796" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C7DFE20FCB177F6" blockId="3.[264,1178,398,454]" box="[264,788,398,422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF4FFB97C7DFE20FE1277F5" box="[264,439,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF4FFB97C7DFE20FEF277F5" box="[264,343,399,422]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF4FFB97C28FE20FE1277F5" authority="Loden (1979)" authorityName="Loden" authorityYear="1979" box="[349,439,399,422]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">harmani</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFF4FFB97CB3FE21FDFF77F6" author="Loden" box="[454,602,398,421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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, 601–605,
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97FBAFE21FCAB77F6" box="[719,782,398,421]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C7DFE00FB3F7796" blockId="3.[264,1178,398,454]" box="[264,1178,430,454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF4FFB97C7DFE00FD6A7796" authority="Brinkhurst (1986)" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1986" box="[264,719,430,454]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF4FFB97C7DFE00FE5A7795" box="[264,511,431,454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Tasserkidrilus harmani</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFF4FFB97F78FE01FD6A7796" author="Brinkhurst" box="[525,719,430,453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1986) Guide to the freshwater aquatic microdrile oligochaetes of North America. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 84, Ottawa, 259 p." type="book" year="1986">Brinkhurst (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 150–151, 253; Fig. (unnumbered, p. 150).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B158BFFF4FFB27C7DFE58FBE572F5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C7DFE58FDEA7442" blockId="3.[264,1324,503,1889]" box="[264,591,503,529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Description of new material</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C4DFDB0FAB67502" blockId="3.[264,1324,503,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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The intact mature specimens were 26 and
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<quantity id="4CE9EBE5FFF4FFB97E48FDB0FC36746A" box="[829,915,543,569]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
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long, with 93 and 123 segments, respectively. The immature specimens measured up to
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<quantity id="4CE9EBE5FFF4FFB97EE1FDE8FC4D7432" box="[916,1000,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
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in length (averaging about
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<quantity id="4CE9EBE5FFF4FFB97C7DFDC0FEC574DA" box="[264,352,623,649]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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), with segment number up to 117. Frequently, an unsegmented growth zone, or a posterior regenerate occurred. In several specimens a thinner, regenerating anterior portion was observed, consisting of 2–10 segments when countable (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97EA3FD10FBBD748A" box="[982,1048,703,729]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B,C). A short, crippled individual had only 16 original segments, but with both ends in a state of regeneration. The preserved worms were slim, with a diameter of up to 0.3 mm in the anterior portion, 0.4–0.5 mm in the genital segments, and gradually tapering to about 0.15 mm in the tail.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C4DFCF0FD91759A" blockId="3.[264,1324,503,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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Prostomium bluntly conical, separated with a furrow (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97E95FCF0FB8D752A" box="[992,1064,863,889]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A,D). Intersegmental furrows shallow, without additional rings. Body wall smooth and transparent, but thicker and more opaque in I–III.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C4DFC78FBDC72B2" blockId="3.[264,1324,503,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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In anterior dorsal bundles, 1–2 very thin and smooth hair chaetae, mostly 300–400 μm long, and 2–3 slender pectinates, mostly 80–100 μm long, with equal teeth and several short intermediate denticles (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97F13FB88FD147212" box="[614,689,1063,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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E,F). Anterior ventral bifids 3–4 per bundle, thicker (4–6 μm) and more curved than dorsal pectinates, mostly 80–100 μm long, with teeth of equal length but the upper one always thinner (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97E14FBD8FC0B72C2" box="[865,942,1143,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–C). Both dorsal and ventral chaetae in II (and less so in III) considerably shorter than in the following segments (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB9798EFB30FEBD72B2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A,E). Ventral chaetae of X and XI unmodified, in XI only two per bundle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C4DFB40FB58730A" blockId="3.[264,1324,503,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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On midbody and tail, mostly two bifid crotchets per bundle, about 75–90 μm long, 6–7 μm thick and strongly curved, with the upper tooth much smaller than the lower one. Dorsal bundles usually contain also a thin hair chaeta, about 300 μm long (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97900FA90FB19730A" box="[1141,1212,1343,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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D,G).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C4DFAC8FEFD70BA" blockId="3.[264,1324,503,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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Clitellum in XI–XII (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB97F4DFAC8FDD973D2" box="[568,636,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
A), 15–37 μm thick, mufflike except for a small median bare patch between and before ventral bundles in XI. Male pores close to ventral bundles in XI. Female pores on ventral chaetal line in 11/12. Spermathecal pores in X between ventral and dorsal bundles, slightly closer to dorsal ones. Ventral surface of genital segments in clitellate individuals deeply concave, fringed on both sides, with very broad and flat ventrolateral folds. Anterior ends of these folds ascend diagonally to dorsal chaetae in X; in XI–XII the folds proceed above ventral bundles, levelling gradually near 12/13. The folds are produced by contracting dorsoventral muscles and include some part of coelom with internal organs. All genital pores lie under the edge of the folds (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF4FFB979B2F908FAAF7092" box="[1223,1290,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A, 3B,D).
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF4FFB97C4DF958FBA37132" blockId="3.[264,1324,503,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Internal epithelium of body wall relatively thick in anterior segments. Ventral nerve ganglia with large lateral appendages in the posterior portion of V, VI and VII, and with smaller ones in VIII and XIV (not studied in posterior segments).</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF6E1688FFF3FFBE7C7DFC64FC487250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" targetPageId="4">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF3FFBE7C7DFC64FC487250" blockId="4.[264,1323,971,1027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF3FFBE7C7DFC64FE3475B0" bold="true" box="[264,401,971,995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF3FFBE7CEBFC63FD1275B0" box="[414,695,972,995]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF3FFBE7CEBFC63FD1275B0" box="[414,695,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF3FFBE7C4DFB9BFE7872BD" blockId="4.[264,1324,1076,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
Pharynx thickwalled. Abundant pharyngeal glands reach the posterior side of 5/6. Chloragogen tissue on oesophagus beginning in VI. Intestine dilating either abruptly in X, or gradually; in mature individuals, considerable expansion only in XV (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF3FFBE79E9FB2BFB4172CD" box="[1180,1252,1156,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A,D). Intestinal blood sinus weakly developed. No nephridia observed in preclitellar segments. No coelomocytes.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF3FFBE7C4DFB53FBC173DD" blockId="4.[264,1324,1076,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
Dorsal blood vessel in anterior segments well developed, sometimes even wider than intestine (in IX–X of the sectioned specimen). Transversal vessels forming loops in IV–VIII. Those of IX transformed into short, thickwalled “hearts”, about 20 μm wide, and covered with their own chloragogen layer about 10 μm thick (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF3FFBE7EA8FADBFB8773DD" box="[989,1058,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
A,B).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF3FFBE7C4DFA33FE32702D" blockId="4.[264,1324,1076,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
Testes in X, small. Sperm sac reaching XV. Male funnels in X large and thinwalled, up to 180 μm high, flattened between spermatheca and body wall in the sectioned specimen (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF3FFBE7CFFFA43FE767055" box="[394,467,1516,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B). Vasa deferentia shorter than atria (not exactly measured), directing almost straight backwards, joining smoothly the apical end of atrium. They are uniformly 30–35 μm wide, consisting of an internally ciliated, columnar epithelium, 4–10 μm high (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF3FFBE7C64F9CBFEF0702D" box="[273,341,1636,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
C,D).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF3FFBE7C4DF923FE38713D" blockId="4.[264,1324,1076,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
Atria tubular, about twice longer than body diameter, with their proximal portion either winding in the dorsal half of XI, or reaching backwards into XII and with the distal portion inside ventrolateral body folds (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF3FFBE7FABF973FC8570A5" box="[734,800,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A, 3C,D). They are mostly 40–70 μm wide, but up to 80 μm near their proximal end; in cross sections, the distal end of one atrium tapered up to 25 μm, while the other remained wide until joining the penis. External muscle layer
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF6E1688FFF2FFBF7C7DF974FE127109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" targetPageId="5">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF2FFBF7C7DF974FE127109" blockId="5.[264,1323,1755,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF2FFBF7C7DF974FE2E70A0" bold="true" box="[264,395,1755,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF2FFBF7CE1F974FD0270A1" box="[404,679,1755,1778]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF2FFBF7CE1F974FD0270A1" box="[404,679,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. A
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF2FFBF7FBFF974FD7270A1" box="[714,727,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">–</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF2FFBF7CC0F951FE677146" box="[437,450,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">–</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF2FFBF787FF88EFAB2716B" box="[1290,1303,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">–</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
H 20 µm, I 50 µm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF6E1688FFF1FFBC7C7DF923FC317095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" targetPageId="6">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF1FFBC7C7DF923FC317095" blockId="6.[264,1323,1676,1734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF1FFBC7C7DF923FE2C70F7" bold="true" box="[264,393,1676,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF1FFBC7CE5F922FD0770F7" box="[400,674,1677,1700]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF1FFBC7CE5F922FD0770F7" box="[400,674,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF1FFBC7C7DF95BFA8E710A" blockId="6.[264,1323,1778,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
2–8 μm thick, crossstriped with long transversal fibres throughout (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF1FFBC7926F95BFB3F715D" box="[1107,1178,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A). Internal epithelium 9
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF1FFBC7CD5F8B3FE087160" box="[416,429,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">–</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
12 μm thick, often eroded, mostly forming longitudinal folds. The wider proximal end of atria can reveal thinner epithelium and more spacious lumen (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF1FFBC79D1F890FB4C710A" box="[1188,1257,1855,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
C,D).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF0FFBD7C7DFEB3FC3E77D2" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
No separate ejaculatory ducts. Solid prostate glands fill a large portion of coelom in XI–XII (but lacking in the anterior part of XI depicted on
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7EA5FEEEFBB27708" box="[976,1047,321,347]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
C,D), their short stalks joining the proximal, wider portion of atria subapically.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF0FFBD7C4DFE23FBAE7415" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Penial sacs inside ventrolateral folds of XI, large, conical, slightly bent, with thin muscular wall, opening as simple male pores (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7E4FFE1BFC24779D" box="[826,897,436,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
D). Penes much smaller than sacs, covered with distinct delicate (1 μm thick) cuticular sheath. The sheath is about 90 long, with a funnelshaped proximal end, 40–50 μm wide, tapering midpart, and abruptly expanding to a width of 30–45 μm at the distal end (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7E18FD83FC0A7415" box="[877,943,556,582]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A, 2H).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF0FFBD7C4DFDFBFB44743D" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,982]" box="[312,1249,596,622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Large ovaria in XI. Egg sacs can reach XIV (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7E3CFDFBFC2E743D" box="[841,907,596,622]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A). Female funnels not seen.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF0FFBD7C4DFDD3FCE37585" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Spermathecae in X, but in the sectioned specimen one ampulla was pressed backwards, into XII
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF0FFBD7C86FD09FDA574EE" box="[499,512,678,701]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">–</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
XIII (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7F31FD0BFD2C74ED" box="[580,649,676,702]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A–D). Ampulla roundish or oval, up to 400 μm long and 200–300 μm wide when filled, with the epithelial wall about 10 μm thick (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD79E7FD63FB7974B5" box="[1170,1244,716,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFAF60C0FFF0FFBD79B9FD63FB7974B5" box="[1228,1244,716,742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">2</date>
|
|||
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
I, 3A). Distinctly separated duct of the same length or slightly longer than ampulla (up to 550 μm), 30–60 μm wide, covered with a layer of transversal musculature, 1–4 μm thick; its epithelium 12
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF0FFBD7CD9FCE9FE1C750E" box="[428,441,838,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">–</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
14 μm thick and internally folded, with the lumen thus appearing starlike in cross sections (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7C9AFCC3FD9975D5" box="[495,572,876,902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
C). Spermatozeugmata numerous, about 450 μm long; their spindleshaped main part 80–105 μm long and up to 47 μm wide, while a much longer tail narrows gradually from 20 to 7 μm (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7FC6FC13FD5F7585" box="[691,762,956,982]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFAF60C0FFF0FFBD7F9FFC13FD5F7585" box="[746,762,956,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">2</date>
|
|||
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
I, 3A).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF0FFBD7C7DFBA3FC187275" blockId="7.[264,1325,1036,1902]" box="[264,957,1036,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Comparison with the original description and
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AAF8A2FFF0FFBD7E56FBA3FCF37275" box="[803,854,1036,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF0FFBD7C4DFB9BFD5170A5" blockId="7.[264,1325,1036,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
The new material was very similar in morphology to the original specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF0FFBD79A1FB9BFECE7226" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF0FFBD79A1FB9BFA8F721E" box="[1236,1322,1076,1101]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF0FFBD7C7DFBF3FECE7226" box="[264,363,1116,1141]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">harmani</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3060690FFF0FFBD7C80FBF3FD967225" box="[501,563,1116,1142]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, but not always in accordance with the text of the original description. The broad ventrolateral folds of the genital segments, not mentioned in the original description, were indeed observed in the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AAF8A2FFF0FFBD7E2DFB03FC1B7295" box="[856,958,1196,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
during this present study. The total segment number was sometimes higher (up to 125, instead of 95 as noted in the original description), and the number of regenerating anterior segments was more variable (mostly 8, instead of 10) in the original material than discussed by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFF0FFBD794FFA8BFB78736D" author="Loden" box="[1082,1245,1316,1342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
in his original description. The unusual thickness of the bifid chaetae noted in text by Loden—up to 10 μm in the anterior segments and 9–12 μm in the posterior segments—seems exaggerated when compared to that presented in
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7E30FA33FC2173E5" box="[837,900,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
D–E in his paper. Indeed, the actual thickness of the bifid chaetae proved to be about 5 μm in posterior, and even less in the anterior segments. The unusual beginning of the clitellum, already in 9/10 (i.e., before the spermathecal pores, according to Loden’s original 1979 description), was not confirmed in the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AAF8A2FFF0FFBD7C43F993FE387005" box="[310,413,1596,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
during this present study. The position of the atria in XIII, as noted in the original description, must certainly be a misprint, as only their ends reached XII and XIII on either side in the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AAF8A2FFF0FFBD7C83F923FDC570F5" box="[502,608,1676,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
. The long thin tails of the spermatozeugmata observed in the Dutch material were also seen in the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AAF8A2FFF0FFBD7F97F91BFCED709D" box="[738,840,1716,1742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
during this present study, but had not recognized or discussed by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFF0FFBD7F39F973FD5570A5" author="Loden" box="[588,752,1756,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF0FFB27C4DF8ABFD2E7475" blockId="7.[264,1325,1036,1902]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1324,284,550]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
The vas deferens of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF0FFBD7F51F8ABFD41714E" box="[548,740,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF0FFBD7F51F8ABFDDF714E" box="[548,634,1796,1821]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF0FFBD7FF4F8ABFD41714E" box="[641,740,1796,1821]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">harmani</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
was described by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFF0FFBD7EC9F8ABFBFE714D" author="Loden" box="[956,1115,1796,1822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
as being about as long as the atrium but much thinner, with a uniform diameter, and internally ciliated only in its proximal portion. The atrium should have an ejaculatory duct. In
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF0FFBD7929F8FBFB38713D" box="[1116,1181,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFF0FFB27997F8FBFEFC7765" author="Loden" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, the atrium is depicted as uniformly long and tubular, and with the ejaculatory duct differing from the atrium proper only in its lack of transversal muscular fibres. During the present reexamination of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AAF8A2FFFFFFB27F04FEC3FD7E77D5" box="[625,731,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
, the striped appearance of the atrium can also be traced in XI, unlike that in
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFFFFB27F32FE3BFD2D77FD" box="[583,648,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27FBFFE3BFCCB77FD" author="Loden" box="[714,878,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. The male duct may have been drawn by Loden after a dissected specimen—perhaps inteferring this character. The histological study of the new material during this present study did not confirm the bipartite nature of the vas deferens or of the atrium.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C7DFDF3FE587425" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[264,509,604,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Position in the genus</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DFD2BFD0175DD" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27C4DFD2BFE7F74CD" author="Loden" box="[312,474,644,670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Loden, M. S. (1979) A new North American species of fresh-water Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 3, 601 - 605." type="journal article" year="1979">Loden (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
hesitated between the genera
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27E33FD2BFC3E74CE" box="[838,923,644,669]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27E33FD2BFC3E74CE" box="[838,923,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Tubifex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Lamarck and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27939FD2BFA8F74CD" authority="Pointner" authorityName="Pointner" box="[1100,1322,644,670]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Isochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27939FD2BFB1B74CE" box="[1100,1214,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Isochaeta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Pointner
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(the latter modified as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27F57FD03FD107496" box="[546,693,684,709]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Isochaetides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27F57FD03FD107496" box="[546,693,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Isochaetides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by Hrabe 1966) to place his new species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB279B5FD03FA867496" box="[1216,1315,684,709]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB279B5FD03FA867496" box="[1216,1315,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C7DFD7BFEFB74BE" box="[264,350,724,749]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C7DFD7BFEFB74BE" box="[264,350,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Tubifex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was chosen owing largely to the uncertain definition of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27945FD7BFB0774BE" box="[1072,1186,724,749]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Isochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27945FD7BFB0774BE" box="[1072,1186,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Isochaeta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(it is now divided into
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27CE8FD53FD957546" box="[413,560,764,789]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Isochaetides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27CE8FD53FD957546" box="[413,560,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Isochaetides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27F1CFD53FC887546" box="[617,813,764,789]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27F1CFD53FC887546" box="[617,813,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Varichaetadrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) at that time. After revising the description of this taxon, above, the reproductive system of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27E31FC8BFBA3756E" box="[836,1030,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27E31FC8BFC3F756E" box="[836,922,804,829]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27ED6FC8BFBA3756E" box="[931,1030,804,829]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">harmani</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
fits well with that in the description of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27F1BFCE3FC947536" box="[622,817,844,869]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27F1BFCE3FC947536" box="[622,817,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Varichaetadrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. I suggest to treat this species as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C7DFCDBFD9075DE" box="[264,565,884,909]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani" status="comb. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C7DFCDBFD9075DE" box="[264,565,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2562769FFFFFFB27F48FCDBFD0175DD" box="[573,676,884,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DFC33FBE572F5" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
This genus was created by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27F07FC33FCE175E5" author="Brinkhurst" box="[626,836,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1981) A contribution to the taxonomy of the Tubificinae (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94, 4, 1048 - 1067." type="journal article" year="1981">Brinkhurst (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27E1FFC33FC4C75E6" box="[874,1001,924,949]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27E1FFC33FC4C75E6" box="[874,1001,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Varichaeta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; because that generic name was preoccupied (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27CABFC6BFD9E758D" box="[478,571,964,990]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27F32FC6BFD69758D" box="[583,716,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), it was renamed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27EE9FC6BFBC5758E" box="[924,1120,964,989]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27EE9FC6BFBC5758E" box="[924,1120,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Varichaetadrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB279FBFC6BFE697255" author="Brinkhurst" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. & Kathman, R. D. (1983) Varichaetadrilus, a new name for Varichaeta Brinkhurst, 1981, non Speiser, 1903, (Diptera) with a description of a new species V. fulleri. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 2, 301 - 306." type="journal article" year="1983">Brinkhurst & Kathman (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. It was characterized by presence of hair and pectinate chaetae (according to more recent data, however, this is not true for all species), long tubular atria with a small subapically attached prostate gland, distinct penes with sheaths, lack of modified spermathecal chaetae, and lack or only slightly modification of penial chaetae. Prior to this present study, eight valid species had been attributed to the genus:
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30B158BFFFFFFB27C4DFB1BFA8F73B5" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DFB1BFA8E729E" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,1323,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DFB1BFC4C729D" authority="Brinkhurst et Cook, 1966" authorityName="Brinkhurst et Cook" authorityYear="1966" box="[312,1001,1204,1230]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="angustipenis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DFB1BFD3C729E" box="[312,665,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Varichaetadrilus angustipenis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27FDEFB1BFC44729D" author="Brinkhurst" box="[683,993,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. & Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III: Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst et Cook, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[originally as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB279EEFB1BFA8E729E" box="[1179,1323,1204,1229]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Limnodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB279EEFB1BFA8E729E" box="[1179,1323,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Limnodrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41FB73FB6072A5" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,1221,1244,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C41FB73FE6D72A6" box="[308,456,1244,1269]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="angustipenis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C41FB73FE6D72A6" box="[308,456,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">angustipenis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27C98FB73FC8D72A5" author="Brinkhurst" box="[493,808,1244,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. & Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III: Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst & Cook (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, transferred by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27EAAFB73FB1D72A5" author="Brinkhurst" box="[991,1208,1244,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1989) Varichaetadrilus angustipenis (Brinkhurst and Cook, 1966), new combination for Limnodrilus angustipenis (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102, 2, 311 - 312." type="journal article" year="1989">Brinkhurst (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DFAABFCA8734D" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,781,1284,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DFAABFCAD734D" authority="Rodriguez et Giani, 1984" authorityName="Rodriguez et Giani" authorityYear="1984" box="[312,776,1284,1310]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DFAABFE73734E" box="[312,470,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">V. bizkaiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27CA9FAABFCAD734D" author="Rodriguez" box="[476,776,1284,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Rodriguez, P. & Giani, N. (1984) Description de Varichaetadrilus bizkaiensis n. sp.; nouvelle espece de Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) d'Espagne. Bulletin de la Societe d' Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 120, 127 - 130." type="journal article" year="1984">Rodriguez et Giani, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DFA83FCA47315" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,769,1324,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DFA83FD597315" authority="Brinkhurst et Kathman, 1983" authorityName="Brinkhurst et Kathman" authorityYear="1983" box="[312,764,1324,1350]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fulleri">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DFA83FE397316" box="[312,412,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">V. fulleri</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27CD6FA83FD597315" author="Brinkhurst" box="[419,764,1324,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. & Kathman, R. D. (1983) Varichaetadrilus, a new name for Varichaeta Brinkhurst, 1981, non Speiser, 1903, (Diptera) with a description of a new species V. fulleri. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 2, 301 - 306." type="journal article" year="1983">Brinkhurst et Kathman, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DFAFBFA8F733D" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,1322,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DFAFBFD2F733D" authority="Brinkhurst, 1971" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1971" box="[312,650,1364,1390]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="israelis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DFAFBFE15733E" box="[312,432,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">V. israelis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27CC8FAFBFD2F733D" author="Brinkhurst" box="[445,650,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. & Jamieson, B. G. M., Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 444 - 625." type="book chapter" year="1971">Brinkhurst, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[originally as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27E30FAFBFBBC733E" box="[837,1049,1364,1389]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Isochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="israelis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27E30FAFBFBBC733E" box="[837,1049,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Isochaeta israelis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB2793FFAFBFA80733D" author="Brinkhurst" box="[1098,1317,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. & Jamieson, B. G. M., Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 444 - 625." type="book chapter" year="1971">Brinkhurst (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41FAD3FBC073C5" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,1125,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
transferred by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27CABFAD3FD1673C5" author="Brinkhurst" box="[478,691,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1981) A contribution to the taxonomy of the Tubificinae (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94, 4, 1048 - 1067." type="journal article" year="1981">Brinkhurst (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27F85FAD3FBFC73C5" author="Brinkhurst" box="[752,1113,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. & Kathman, R. D. (1983) Varichaetadrilus, a new name for Varichaeta Brinkhurst, 1981, non Speiser, 1903, (Diptera) with a description of a new species V. fulleri. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 2, 301 - 306." type="journal article" year="1983">Brinkhurst & Kathman (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DFA0BFA8F73ED" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,1322,1444,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DFA0BFD3B73ED" authority="Brinkhurst, 1965" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1965" box="[312,670,1444,1470]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DFA0BFE1373EE" box="[312,438,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">V. minutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF803BF1FFFFFFB27CBDFA0BFD3373ED" author="Brinkhurst" box="[456,662,1444,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="38" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O (1965) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. II: Tubificidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 117, 4, 117 - 172." type="journal article" year="1965">Brinkhurst, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[originally as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27E20FA0BFB2573EE" box="[853,1152,1444,1469]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Psammoryctides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27E20FA0BFB2573EE" box="[853,1152,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Psammoryctides minutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in Brinkhurst
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41FA63FA8F73B5" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,1322,1484,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRef id="52B1D2F6FFFFFFB27C41FA63FA8F73B5" box="[308,1322,1484,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="book chapter">
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<year id="FFB90753FFFFFFB27C49FA63FEDE73B5" box="[316,379,1484,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">1965</year>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<title id="F915AD36FFFFFFB27CE0FA63FD6273B5" box="[405,711,1484,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">transferred by Brinkhurst</title>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<pagination id="B2D8B8F4FFFFFFB27FAFFA63FCBF73B5" box="[730,794,1484,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="pagination">1987</pagination>
|
|||
|
|
);
|
|||
|
|
<journalOrPublisher id="51D04CCCFFFFFFB27E41FA63FA8373B5" box="[820,1318,1484,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
synonym
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27EDEFA63FB3F73B6" box="[939,1178,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Isochaeta nevadana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Brinkhurst
|
|||
|
|
</journalOrPublisher>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</bibRef>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30B158BFFFFFFB17C41FA5BFD27741D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41FA5BFD5E705D" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,763,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRef id="52B1D2F6FFFFFFB27C41FA5BFD5E705D" box="[308,763,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="book chapter">
|
|||
|
|
<year id="FFB90753FFFFFFB27C41FA5BFED4705D" box="[308,369,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">1965</year>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<title id="F915AD36FFFFFFB27C08FA5BFD31705D" box="[381,660,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">according to Brinkhurst</title>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<pagination id="B2D8B8F4FFFFFFB27FD1FA5BFD40705D" box="[676,741,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="pagination">1987</pagination>
|
|||
|
|
)];
|
|||
|
|
</bibRef>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DF9B3FA8E7065" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,1323,1564,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DF9B3FD3A7065" authority="Brinkhurst, 1981" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1981" box="[312,671,1564,1590]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DF9B3FE1B7066" box="[312,446,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">V. pacificus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Brinkhurst, 1981)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[originally as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27E3DF9B3FB897066" box="[840,1068,1564,1589]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27E3DF9B3FB897066" box="[840,1068,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Varichaeta pacifica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in Brinkhurst (1981),
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41F9EBFA8E700D" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,1323,1604,1630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AAF8A2FFFFFFB27C41F9EBFEC2700D" box="[308,359,1604,1630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
for the genus, transferred by Brinkhurst & Kathman (1983); including the form
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41F9C3FD5670D5" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,755,1644,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C41F9C3FE2170D6" box="[308,388,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">bifidus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Brinkhurst et Kathman, 1983];
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DF93BFA8F70FD" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,1322,1684,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DF93BFE4170FE" box="[312,484,1684,1709]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="potatiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DF93BFE4170FE" box="[312,484,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">V. potatiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Sokol’skaja, 1983) [originally as
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27EBAF93BFB5970FE" box="[975,1276,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
Ilyodriloides
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27908F93BFB5970FE" box="[1149,1276,1684,1709]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="potatiensis">potatiensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41F913FA8E7085" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,1323,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Sokol’skaja (1981), used in a new combination without a formal explanation by Timm</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C41F94BFDE170AD" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[308,580,1764,1790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">& Finogenova (1987)];</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB27C4DF8A3FA8E7175" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[312,1323,1804,1830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27C4DF8A3FD1D7175" authority="Loden, 1977" authorityName="Loden" authorityYear="1977" box="[312,696,1804,1830]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27C4DF8A3FDA77176" box="[312,514,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">V. psammophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Loden, 1977)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
[originally as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFFFFB27E1BF8A3FB167176" box="[878,1203,1804,1829]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Limnodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFFFFB27E1BF8A3FB167176" box="[878,1203,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Limnodrilus psammophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in Loden
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFFFFB37C41F89BFE2C7765" blockId="8.[264,1324,604,1870]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRef id="52B1D2F6FFFFFFB37C41F89BFE2C7765" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="journal article">
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<year id="FFB90753FFFFFFB27C49F89BFEDE711D" box="[316,379,1844,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">1977</year>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<title id="F915AD36FFFFFFB27CE4F89BFB72711D" box="[401,1239,1844,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">used in a new combination without a formal explanation by Brinkhurst</title>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<part id="FFB5EC9DFFFFFFB2799DF89BFA82711D" box="[1256,1319,1844,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="volume">1986</part>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<pagination id="B2D8B8F4FFFEFFB37C41FEB3FED07765" box="[308,373,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="pagination">1989</pagination>
|
|||
|
|
)].
|
|||
|
|
</bibRef>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFEFFB37C4DFEEBFA8F770D" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[312,1322,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C4DFEEBFE16770E" box="[312,435,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. h a r m a n i</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Loden, 1979) n. comb. [originally as
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37E0DFEEBFB9C770E" box="[888,1081,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37E0DFEEBFC6B770E" box="[888,974,324,349]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37EA0FEEBFB9C770E" box="[981,1081,324,349]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">harmani</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
in Loden (1979)], in
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFEFFB37C41FEC3FC9077D5" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[308,821,364,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">this paper, is the ninth species in this genus.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFEFFB37C4DFE3BFA817785" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
Six of these species are Nearctic, while three are found in different parts of the Old World:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37C15FE13FE587786" box="[352,509,444,469]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C15FE13FE587786" box="[352,509,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. bizkaiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in SW Europe,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37FCDFE13FC827786" box="[696,807,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. i s r a e l i s</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
in SW Asia, and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37E8DFE13FB357786" box="[1016,1168,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. p o t a t i e n s i s</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
in NE Asia.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFEFFB37C4DFE4BFDB37545" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
Six of the nine
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F7CFE4BFD6877AE" box="[521,717,484,509]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F7CFE4BFD6877AE" box="[521,717,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Varichaetadrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37E3CFE4BFA8677AE" box="[841,1315,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37E3CFE4BFC6977AE" box="[841,972,484,509]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">bizkaiensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37E95FE4BFBE277AE" box="[992,1095,484,509]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">harmani</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB3792CFE4BFB1777AE" box="[1113,1202,484,509]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Isochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="israelis">israelis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB379B3FE4BFA8677AE" box="[1222,1315,484,509]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Psammoryctides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37C7DFDA3FED77476" box="[264,370,524,549]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C7DFDA3FED77476" box="[264,370,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">pacificus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in its typical form, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37FC5FDA3FC8A7476" box="[688,815,524,549]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="potatiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37FC5FDA3FC8A7476" box="[688,815,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">potatiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) have dorsal hair and pectinate chaetae; however, Brinkhurst & Kathman (1983) assumed that this character can vary intraspecifically, as found in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F15FDF3FD4D7426" box="[608,744,604,629]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F15FDF3FD4D7426" box="[608,744,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. pacificus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. In
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37E6CFDF3FC2F7426" box="[793,906,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. i s r a e l i s</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
the hair chaetae are serrate. A full set of bifid crotchets at the spermathecal and male pores, like in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37970FD2BFB2374CE" box="[1029,1158,644,669]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37970FD2BFB2374CE" box="[1029,1158,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, is noted also in
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C59FD03FD397496" box="[300,668,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37C59FD03FE0A7496" box="[300,431,684,709]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">bizkaiensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37CB4FD03FD847496" box="[449,545,684,709]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Psammoryctides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F47FD03FD397496" box="[562,668,684,709]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">pacificus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(although slightly modified in XI, in all three), and possibly also in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37CB0FD7BFDBE74BE" box="[453,539,724,749]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Isochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="israelis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37CB0FD7BFDBE74BE" box="[453,539,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">israelis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Coexistence of the penial sheaths and the ventral chaetae in XI is unusual in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37CFDFD53FDB77545" box="[392,530,764,790]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Tubificidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFEFFB37C4DFC8BFE0C72A5" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
The flat ventrolateral folds of genital segments, highly characteristic of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB379D5FC8BFABA756E" box="[1184,1311,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. h a r m a n i</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, have not been described in any other species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37E05FCE3FB917536" box="[880,1076,844,869]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37E05FCE3FB917536" box="[880,1076,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Varichaetadrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. However, they are actually present in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37C9FFCDBFD2C75DE" box="[490,649,884,909]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C9FFCDBFD2C75DE" box="[490,649,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. bizkaiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(see
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFEFFB37FBDFCDBFCA875DD" box="[712,781,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
by Rodriguez & Giani 1984). They also may have remained unnoticed in some other species (as happened in the original description of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37C7DFC6BFE2F758E" box="[264,394,964,989]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C7DFC6BFE2F758E" box="[264,394,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37CD3FC6BFDE3758E" box="[422,582,964,989]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37CD3FC6BFDE3758E" box="[422,582,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. bizkaiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
also shares the lateral position of spermathecal pores with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37860FC6BFECE7256" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37860FC6BFECE7256" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. In the other species, these pores either lie near the ventral chaetae, or their location is unknown.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F72FBBBFD00727E" box="[519,677,1044,1069]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F72FBBBFD00727E" box="[519,677,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. bizkaiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is the only European congener known so far. It differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37C3BFB93FE717206" box="[334,468,1084,1109]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C3BFB93FE717206" box="[334,468,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in several characters: longer upper tooth in the anteriormost ventral chaetae as well as in those of XI; shorter and thinner vas deferens; distinct anatomical and histological division of the atrium into two regions; short spermathecal duct equipped with an ectal vestibulum; shorter spermatozeugmata without any long tail; and lack of a distinct penial sheath.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFEFFB37C4DFAABFCF77175" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
The penial sheath is long and thin in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F86FAABFC00734E" box="[755,933,1284,1309]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="angustipenis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F86FAABFC00734E" box="[755,933,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. angustipenis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, short and conical in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB379DDFAABFA86734E" box="[1192,1315,1284,1309]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Psammoryctides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB379DDFAABFA86734E" box="[1192,1315,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. minutus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and extremely short in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F44FA83FD0F7316" box="[561,682,1324,1349]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Isochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="israelis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F44FA83FD0F7316" box="[561,682,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. israelis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Short sheaths with a narrower midpart, like in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37860FA83FECE733E" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37860FA83FECE733E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, are described in the four species:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37E06FAFBFB4D733E" box="[883,1256,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37E06FAFBFC1B733E" box="[883,958,1364,1389]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fulleri">fulleri</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37EAFFAFBFBE2733E" box="[986,1095,1364,1389]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">pacificus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37917FAFBFB41733E" box="[1122,1252,1364,1389]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="potatiensis">potatiensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37C7DFAD3FE1473C6" box="[264,433,1404,1429]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Limnodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37C7DFAD3FE1473C6" box="[264,433,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">psammophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Among them, 1)
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37FE3FAD3FD5E73C6" box="[662,763,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. f u l l e r i</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37ED6FAD3FB8373C6" box="[931,1062,1404,1429]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37ED6FAD3FB8373C6" box="[931,1062,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in having only bifid chaetae, spermathecal pores in the place of missing ventral chaetae in X, the presence of a proximal valve in the spermathecal duct, and distally wider vas deferens [apparent in
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFEFFB37989FA63FEB6705D" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B of Brinkhurst & Kathman (1983)]; 2)
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F9EFA5BFC23705E" box="[747,902,1524,1549]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Varichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="potatiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F9EFA5BFC23705E" box="[747,902,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. potatiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in lack of ventral chaetae in X, and in ventrolateral position of the spermathecal pores (Sokol’skaja 1983); 3)
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37860F9B3FE14700E" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Limnodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37860F9B3FE14700E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. psammophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in having only bifid chaetae (probably lacking ventrally in XI, as the species was ascribed to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F6BF9C3FD0870D6" box="[542,685,1644,1669]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Limnodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F6BF9C3FD0870D6" box="[542,685,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Limnodrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by Loden 1977), and long thin vas deferens; and 4)
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37860F9C3FED770FE" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37860F9C3FED770FE" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. pacificus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in more numerous chaetae (including up to seven slightly enlarged ventral, possibly penial chaetae in XI), large penis with a soft sheath folded when constricted, short spermathecal duct with wider vestibulum, and spermatozeugmata of medium length, without a long tail (Brinkhurst & Kathman 1983).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFEFFB07C4DF89BFE4877FD" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
The prostate glands are very large in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37F93F89BFCC3711E" box="[742,870,1844,1869]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37F93F89BFCC3711E" box="[742,870,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as well as in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFEFFB37974F89BFB3B711E" box="[1025,1182,1844,1869]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bizkaiensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFEFFB37974F89BFB3B711E" box="[1025,1182,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">V. bizkaiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, contrary to the definition of this genus by Brinkhurst (1981). This suggests that the attribute “small” should be deleted from “prostate gland” in the genus definition. Asexual reproduction with architomy (fragmentation) has not been recorded for any other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07974FEC3FB6177D6" box="[1025,1220,364,389]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07974FEC3FB6177D6" box="[1025,1220,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Varichaetadrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species, besides
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07C13FE3BFE4377FE" box="[358,486,404,429]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07C13FE3BFE4377FE" box="[358,486,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFDFFB07C7DFE4BFE4E77AD" blockId="10.[264,1323,484,1316]" box="[264,491,484,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Ecological remarks</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFDFFB07C4DFDA3FD32725F" blockId="10.[264,1323,484,1316]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
The IJsbaantje pond (0.37 ha, depth
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CE9EBE5FFFDFFB07F8DFDA3FC8C7475" box="[760,809,524,550]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) is a nature reserve for endangered plants characteristic of pioneer sites in nutrient poor and poorly buffered waters, such as
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB079ABFD9BFD7C7426" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB079ABFD9BFD8F7426" authority="Echinodorus" authorityName="Echinodorus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Apium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inundatum">Apium inundatum, Echinodorus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
ranunculoides
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07E64FDF3FC757426" box="[785,976,604,629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portula">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07E64FDF3FC757426" box="[785,976,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Lythrum portula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. It is fed by iron rich seepage water and also receives agricultural runoff with high phosphate concentration. The pond has been overgrown with reed,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07FF6FD03FCDF7496" box="[643,890,684,709]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07FF6FD03FCDF7496" box="[643,890,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Phragmites australis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The accumulated organic sediment and the reeds were removed from the pond between 14.08. and
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFAF60C0FFFDFFB0796FFD7BFB3B74BD" box="[1050,1182,724,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="2000-08-28">
|
|||
|
|
28.08.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CE9EBE5FFFDFFB07914FD7BFB3B74BD" box="[1121,1182,724,750]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="2000.0">2000</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
in order to restore pioneer environment for rare plants. This led to a drastic decrease in the concentrations of orthophosphates, total P and Ca, and exposed the underlaying sandy substrate. The pH of the water rose from about 6.5 to 8.3 in one year. The protected plants thrived in the pond again (unpublished data by H. van Kleef). Total oligochaete abundance, dominated by
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07F23FC33FC6575E5" authority="Muller, 1774" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[598,960,924,950]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Dero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="digitata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07F23FC33FD5975E6" box="[598,764,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Dero digitata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Müller, 1774)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB0797EFC33FE1C75B2" authority="Muller, 1774" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Lumbriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB0797EFC33FA8E75E6" box="[1035,1323,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Lumbriculus variegatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Müller, 1774)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, initially decreased from 4431 to 4 ind. m ², but increased again to about 350 ind. m
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CE9EBE5FFFDFFB07CF9FC5DFE16725F" box="[396,435,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="2.0">² in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
the following year.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFDFFB07C4DFBB5FB6C7377" blockId="10.[264,1323,484,1316]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07C4DFBB5FDC27260" box="[312,615,1050,1075]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07C4DFBB5FDC27260" box="[312,615,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was common in the pond before reclamation, both in
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFAF60C0FFFDFFB07981FBB5FE7B720F" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="2000-05" valueMax="2000-08-31" valueMin="2000-05-00">May and August 2000</date>
|
|||
|
|
. Mature specimens were found on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFAF60C0FFFDFFB07EE2FBEDFBBA720F" box="[919,1055,1090,1116]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="2000-08-14">14.08.2000</date>
|
|||
|
|
. Eight of the thirteen individuals exhibited regenerated heads or tails. Two weeks later, after reclamation, a single short, crippled individual was collected, with both ends newly regenerated. In 2001, no individuals were collected in May but healthy immatures were found again in August. The material demonstrates summer maturation and the good regeneration ability of this species, as well as the survival of the population after the reclamation of the pond.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFDFFB07C7DFAE0FD96733A" blockId="10.[264,1323,1359,1905]" box="[264,563,1359,1385]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Zoogeographical remarks</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFDFFB07C4DFAD7FE497122" blockId="10.[264,1323,1359,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07C4DFAD7FDCD73C2" box="[312,616,1400,1425]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07C4DFAD7FDCD73C2" box="[312,616,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is most probably a North American species that has been recently introduced to Europe. It had been not identified earlier on this wellstudied continent. The first confirmed distribution record for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07EE9FA67FB8473B2" box="[924,1057,1480,1505]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07EE9FA67FB8473B2" box="[924,1057,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in Europe, an inland pond, is not directly connected with overseas navigation. However, the species is likely more widely distributed in Europe, yet has not been documented, in all probability because individuals seldom attain sexual maturity (Loden 1979). Even mature individuals can be confused either with
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07F65F9C7FD6770D2" box="[528,706,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07F65F9C7FDC370D2" box="[528,614,1640,1665]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07F06F9C7FD6770D2" box="[627,706,1640,1665]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(see below) or, owing to their “robust” posterior crotchets, even with one or more
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07FD1F93FFCC370FA" box="[676,870,1680,1705]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Psammoryctides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07FD1F93FFCC370FA" box="[676,870,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Psammoryctides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species. I have seen three immature, unidentified tubificid specimens with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07FB0F917FCBE7082" box="[709,795,1720,1745]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07FB0F917FCBE7082" box="[709,795,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Tubifex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
like (but very thick and curved) chaetae and regenerating anterior ends in a sample from the Säveån River at Lerum, Southern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3060690FFFDFFB079B3F970FA8370AA" box="[1222,1318,1759,1785]" name="Sweden" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFAF60C0FFFDFFB07C7DF8A8FE297172" box="[264,396,1799,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="1997-10-06">10.06.1997</date>
|
|||
|
|
(Erséus et al. 2005). One of them consisted of only eight original segments, with thin regenerated segments at both ends (the anterior end with 10 segments). All three may be
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFDFFB07C10F8F7FE407122" box="[357,485,1879,1905]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07C10F8F7FED67122" box="[357,371,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">V</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFDFFB07CF7F8F7FE407122" box="[386,485,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">harmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C4DFEB3FD27741D" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
|
|||
|
|
Collado et al. (1999) recorded a PontoCaspian tubificid,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17EAAFEB3FE1B770D" authority="Grimm, 1876" authorityName="Grimm" authorityYear="1876" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Psammoryctides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="deserticola">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17EAAFEB3FA8E7766" box="[991,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Psammoryctides deserticola</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Grimm, 1876)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, from two North
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3060690FFFCFFB17FE7FEEBFD54770D" box="[658,753,324,350]" name="Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">German</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
freshwater lakes not connected with the Ponto Caspian basin. This record is surprising because of the species’ previously known zoogeographical distribution [described by Grimm (1876) from the brackish Caspian Sea, and later known from the Danube basin and the Balkan Peninsula]. It may also be the result of a misidentification of immature (?) tubificids with “robust” posterior crotchets and devoid of modified genital chaetae, as in both
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17E11FDA3FC437476" box="[868,998,524,549]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17E11FDA3FC437476" box="[868,998,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">V. harmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the large specimens of
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17C7DFD9BFE13741E" box="[264,438,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C7DFD9BFEFB741E" box="[264,350,564,589]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C13FD9BFE13741E" box="[358,438,564,589]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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described below.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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