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<document id="2214C13A1200183F69EB3E4C49354E68" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa003" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4552110" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613746711659" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van" docDate="2020" docId="2712E307A94AC216FF67F957FB04F835" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.4.4.1.1-69.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2020), No. 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Eschatocerini Ashmead 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="DB2B9B7FA961C23DFFF5FFD4FFCAFFA0" masterDocTitle="World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698874304494" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D7B7D9D6C10A22502D680DB39E86D381">
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<mods:title id="E3DB9E938F0911FF167D3332E025B042">World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D558338B96EA9D106710F228FE3A090">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="51D59F2171DC55C7639FD3EE02668AF6">Systematic EntomologyLaboratory, ARS-USDAc / oNational Museumof NaturalHistory, SmithsonianInstitution, 10 th & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="88A06F99F5E24A33F111BD8CB439D771" type="email">matt.buffington@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="77D893293EEE065BA2E10A0931BECD8B">Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="761DB29C52222937396449B5E7351535">Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Box 50007, SE- 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8FD5202C047E308F6B7AF8F1BAA0FF71">Liljeblad, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="56948F488D75790E7AA069041A05F8A2">Swedish Species Information Centre, PO Box 7007, SE- 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BCEFC6A32580E862EC53178799EC1D73">Tang, Chang-Ti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7639A442CFAA704EDBF290A85B594D20">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, SEH, Suite 6300, 800 22 nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2E746A04038D1A70EE704EC519E7A351">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="11107D261AA598D21A2013350C539B13">Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3A628F84E084C86CF4AAE204D6B58892">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1367F0A67A0E8E4D930B5E130ACDB70B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="75BE62C4FE5E8CFC45A50580D7331433">2020-07-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="16B55C92D67E635F491E1A0EB2ED9FD5">2020</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A28BBBA7AE31C51674C7A0BFF0E6E916">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EF865839D49AA08B91A46CAB6E6286E9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6F73D4CCB8A2D33483A0236FAF0CA9A0" type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixaa003</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="66F94722F59CE97DE1889F2A8D8B60A4" type="ISSN">2399-3421</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D1FB299D14CC0FE5F12FB7238612D38A" type="Zenodo-Dep">4552110</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2712E307A94AC216FF67F957FB04F835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2712E307A94AC216FF67F957FB04F835" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2712E307A94AC216FF67F957FB04F835" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="E7A1019AA94AC216FF67F957FEDFF919" box="[146,297,1667,1721]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FF67F957FEE3F93A" blockId="43.[146,297,1667,1690]" box="[146,297,1667,1690]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="F44CE57DA94AC216FF67F957FEE3F93A" box="[146,297,1667,1690]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="68BB2992A94AC216FF67F957FEE3F93A" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" box="[146,297,1667,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eschatocerini">Eschatocerini</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FF67F971FEDFF919" blockId="43.[146,770,1701,1838]" box="[146,277,1701,1721]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 211–213</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7A1019AA94AC216FF67F916FB04F835" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FF67F916FE00F88E" blockId="43.[146,770,1701,1838]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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This monotypic tribe may feel unsatisfactory for taxonomy, but its erection is based on phylogeny (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A2FE0A94AC216FE4EF934FDB2F954" author="Ronquist, F. & J-L. Nieves-Aldrey & M. L. Buffington & Z. Liu & J. Liljeblad & J. A. A. Nylander" box="[443,632,1760,1780]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="0123301" refId="ref27829" refString="Ronquist, F., J-L. Nieves-Aldrey, M. L. Buffington, Z. Liu, J. Liljeblad, and J. A. A. Nylander. 2015. Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens. PLoS One 10: e 0123301." type="journal article" year="2015">Ronquist et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). This unusual group can be readily collected when host plants are located; otherwise, the taxon is rarely collected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FF67F89CFE6BF8D9" blockId="43.[146,771,1864,1913]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Biology. Species are gall inducers on
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<taxonomicName id="68BB2992A94AC216FE1EF89DFDF0F8FB" box="[491,570,1865,1883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DCF8E03A94AC216FE1EF89DFDF0F8FB" box="[491,570,1865,1883]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Prosopis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. and
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<taxonomicName id="68BB2992A94AC216FD6DF89CFD1CF8FC" box="[664,726,1864,1884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DCF8E03A94AC216FD6DF89CFD1CF8FC" box="[664,726,1864,1884]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Acacia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName id="68BB2992A94AC216FF6DF8B1FF24F8D9" box="[152,238,1893,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) in South America.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FCC7F950FB07F938" blockId="43.[818,1229,1668,1688]" box="[818,1229,1668,1688]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution. Arid regions of the Neotropics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FCC7F963FA96F8A5" blockId="43.[818,1442,1719,1797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Relevant literature.Nieves-Aldrey and San Blas (2015) revised the tribe and described the biology in depth;
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A2FE0A94AC216FB88F900FAD5F948" author="Ronquist, F." box="[1149,1311,1748,1768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="309 - 335" refId="ref27698" refString="Ronquist, F. 1995 b. Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Syst, Entomol. 20: 309 - 335." type="journal article" year="1995">Ronquist (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A2FE0A94AC216FABAF900FC55F8A5" author="Ronquist, F. & J-L. Nieves-Aldrey & M. L. Buffington & Z. Liu & J. Liljeblad & J. A. A. Nylander" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="0123301" refId="ref27829" refString="Ronquist, F., J-L. Nieves-Aldrey, M. L. Buffington, Z. Liu, J. Liljeblad, and J. A. A. Nylander. 2015. Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens. PLoS One 10: e 0123301." type="journal article" year="2015">Ronquist et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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studied the phylogenetic placement of the group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FCC7F8F5FC7EF895" blockId="43.[818,948,1825,1845]" box="[818,948,1825,1845]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Classification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FCA1F885FBAEF8C5" blockId="43.[852,1124,1873,1893]" box="[852,1124,1873,1893]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="68BB2992A94AC216FCA1F885FBAEF8C5" authority="Ashmead, 1903" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" box="[852,1124,1873,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eschatocerini">Eschatocerini Ashmead, 1903</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF045211A94AC216FC97F855FB04F835" blockId="43.[866,1230,1921,1941]" box="[866,1230,1921,1941]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="68BB2992A94AC216FC97F855FB84F835" authority="Mayr, 1881" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[866,1102,1921,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Eschatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DCF8E03A94AC216FC97F855FC11F835" box="[866,987,1921,1941]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Eschatocerus</emphasis>
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Mayr, 1881
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</taxonomicName>
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; 3 species NT
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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