201 lines
24 KiB
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201 lines
24 KiB
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<document id="4520CD2EDF5A404D557FE202D96E0E8C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF7FF95FF61FB9EFB0DB026" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aphelonyx persica Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="470" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D6897749B12E5AFAD8B39AB77C4DFBBA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C24DE99B1071BD90CDA5B144C743B5AB">
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<mods:title id="E40D59967ADBDB0F045FE599124FE04F">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C53B2E115C823CB67D9273B16D3CE45D" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED63505A9E24DA8A3FD0E3D7E102A71A">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="34067798F32FA0E805012D9AD1D0B162" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0A36634CDEB84D73313C10C2B784B726">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B7D92F44C1C5EAB046DC8D5AC58F1025" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7BD695BD9DB3A5117160BEA5329ED375">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9C8223C64D5612D12A32B83E16D5C66F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="36EA9CC5E1D6605179DFD7A589B90A4D">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="456B44E478E4ECB8CCE2AF4794C52E20">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5F63DDDD4E83D038B5C8E482BB750ECF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7CC71459A19247315B61AC28752E6EF9">
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<mods:date id="7EBF0F268D46A228D26E8381FD31F1C5">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="016066871FB1FD569F229C5C0F44C384">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EE8A720C3363462E03957DE87952DE2D">4521</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="87175CF2AAEC2E3569727D716C0675F5">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3D80CF7AFB0FE2745DCBA8EB6BCD7841" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F782503D7F66BB4B8BB0AFC1FFC271E9" type="GBIF-Dataset">832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AB9999D36E767900E8D46B73D3915D7C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99471E5B7240B7403B99E94DB7EE696F" type="Zenodo-Dep">2610021</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF7FF95FF61FB9EFB0DB026" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949921" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF7FF95FF61FB9EFB0DB026" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF7FF95FF61FB9EFB0DB026" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF7FF95FF61FB9EFC09B3A3" box="[151,947,1142,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF7FF95FF61FB9EFC09B3A3" blockId="19.[151,947,1142,1168]" box="[151,947,1142,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF7FF95FF61FB9EFC09B3A3" bold="true" box="[151,947,1142,1168]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FF61FB9EFC09B3A3" authority="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar, 2004" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,947,1142,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF61FB9EFC09B3A3" bold="true" box="[151,947,1142,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF61FB9EFECCB3A3" bold="true" box="[151,374,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Aphelonyx persica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF7FF95FE8BFB9EFC09B3A3" author="Melika, G. & Stone, G. N. & Sadeghi, S. E. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[381,947,1142,1168]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref34817" refString="Melika, G., Stone, G. N., Sadeghi, S. E. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2004) New species of cynipid gall wasp from Iran and Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 50, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="2004">Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF7FF95FF61FB55FA99B2B9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF7FF95FF61FB55FB43B3E6" blockId="19.[151,1436,1213,1814]" box="[151,1273,1213,1238]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF61FB55FE9CB3E5" bold="true" box="[151,294,1213,1238]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Host plants.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FEDBFB55FED5B3E5" box="[301,367,1213,1238]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Israel</collectingCountry>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FE8CFB56FD9FB3E6" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[378,549,1213,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FE8CFB56FD9FB3E6" box="[378,549,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FDAAFB56FD7DB3E6" box="[604,711,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FDAAFB56FD79B3E6" box="[604,707,1213,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">Q. libani</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Elsewhere:
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FCA7FB56FB43B3E6" box="[849,1273,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FCA7FB56FC0DB3E6" box="[849,951,1213,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">Q. libani</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FC34FB56FB89B3E6" authorityName="Lindl" authorityYear="1840" box="[962,1075,1213,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brantii">Q. brantii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FBC8FB56FB4FB3E6" box="[1086,1269,1213,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">Q. castaneifolia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF7FF95FF31FB09FA99B2B9" blockId="19.[151,1436,1213,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF31FB09FEEDB3C9" bold="true" box="[199,343,1249,1274]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Life history.</emphasis>
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Known only from the bud galls of the asexual generation, which are spherical, single-chambered,
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF7FF95FF61FAEEFEAFB22E" box="[151,277,1286,1310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, with velvety, sometimes slightly wrinkled surface, broadly attached to the branch or sometimes to the trunk (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF7FF95FE43FAC1FDB6B271" box="[437,524,1321,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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), often in clusters of 5–8. The gall contains an internal ovoid chamber that is attached to the inside wall in young galls but detaches from it and rolls freely inside the mature gall (
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<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF7FF95FACFFAA5FA35B255" box="[1337,1423,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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). Young galls are light green, turning brown when mature. Old galls remain on the trees for several years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF7FF95FF31FA7DFD4FB2E1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="description">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF7FF95FF31FA7DFD4FB2E1" blockId="19.[151,1436,1213,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF31FA7DFEF3B29D" bold="true" box="[199,329,1429,1454]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Phenology.</emphasis>
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Galls appear in August and adults emerge from them in October-November. In the present study one adult emerged from a gall on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FDE7FA52FDCEB2E2" box="[529,628,1465,1489]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FDE7FA52FDCEB2E2" box="[529,628,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Q. libani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in January.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF7FF95FF31FA35FC12B12A" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF7FF95FF31FA35FC12B12A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1213,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF31FA35FEDAB2C5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1501,1526]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FE91FA35FE13B2C5" box="[359,425,1501,1526]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Israel</collectingCountry>
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: Common on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FDB0FA36FD48B2C6" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[582,754,1501,1525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FDB0FA36FD48B2C6" box="[582,754,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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throughout its distribution range; on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FB62FA36FB4DB2C6" box="[1172,1271,1501,1525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FB62FA36FB4DB2C6" box="[1172,1271,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Q. libani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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found only on Mt. Hermon at
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<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFF7FF95FEB2F9EAFE1AB129" box="[324,416,1537,1562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780 m</quantity>
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.a.s.l. Elsewhere:
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FDA8F9E9FD15B129" box="[606,687,1537,1562]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FD4CF9E9FD42B129" box="[698,760,1537,1562]" name="Syria" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FCF5F9E9FCD2B129" box="[771,872,1537,1562]" name="Lebanon" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FC85F9EAFC1EB12A" box="[883,932,1538,1561]" name="Iran" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF7FF95FF31F9CDFB0DB026" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="240936E8FFF7FF95FF31F9CDFB0DB026" blockId="19.[151,1436,1213,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF31F9CDFEF5B10D" bold="true" box="[199,335,1573,1598]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Comments.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Galls of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FE4EF9CEFD90B10E" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" box="[440,554,1574,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FE4EF9CEFD90B10E" box="[440,554,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">A. persica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are very similar to those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FC9CF9CEFC4AB10E" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[874,1008,1573,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerricola">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FC9CF9CEFC4AB10E" box="[874,1008,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">A. cerricola</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FBD1F9CEFB6DB10E" box="[1063,1239,1573,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kordestanica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FBD1F9CEFB6DB10E" box="[1063,1239,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">A. kordestanica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but these species have not been found in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FE56F9A1FE58B151" box="[416,482,1609,1634]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. The galls are often invaded by the inquiline
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FC29F9A2FB47B151" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" box="[991,1277,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FC29F9A2FB0DB152" box="[991,1207,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Synergus variabilis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Mayr
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, especially on
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FF61F986FEFDB1B6" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[151,327,1645,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF61F986FEFDB1B6" box="[151,327,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. An invaded gall is bigger, irregularly shaped and multichambered (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF7FF95FB8FF985FABBB1B5" box="[1145,1281,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Figs 39–40</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), whereas an uninvaded gall is spherical and single-chambered (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF7FF95FD24F979FCECB199" box="[722,854,1681,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Figs 37–38</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF7FF95FC9FF979FB8CB199" author="Sternlicht, M." box="[873,1078,1681,1706]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" pagination="17 - 57" refId="ref36265" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1968 b) The oak galls of Israel (Quercus calliprinos Webb, and Quercus ithaburensis Decne.). Israel Journal of Entomology, 3, 17 - 57." type="journal article" year="1968">Sternlicht (1968b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
listed the axesual generation of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FF61F95DFE1CB1FD" authority="Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" box="[151,422,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FF61F95DFEE9B1FE" box="[151,339,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Andricus kollari</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Hartig
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as occurring in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FD9BF95DFD11B1FD" box="[621,683,1717,1742]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(his
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFF7FF95FD1BF95DFCCBB1FD" box="[749,881,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Figs 18–20</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) but we never found this species in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF7FF95FADCF95DFAD2B1FD" box="[1322,1384,1717,1742]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and conclude that Sternlicht mistook its galls for those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FCF6F931FC68B1C2" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" box="[768,978,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FCF6F931FC68B1C2" box="[768,978,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Aphelonyx persica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Galls of the two species are somewhat similar in shape and colour but those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FDAEF916FD78B026" box="[600,706,1789,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FDAEF916FD78B026" box="[600,706,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">A. kollari</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
develop only on oaks from section
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF7FF95FBA5F916FB0BB026" box="[1107,1201,1790,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF7FF95FBA5F916FB0BB026" box="[1107,1201,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Quercus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|