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<document id="0FFCBFE5F5462C471EC35AA1EAAEE6D2" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe &amp; Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFE2FF81FF61FB2DFA26B1B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cynipidae" docType="key" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="458" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="457" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="434824A98C8D7FBAD40FB709A8CA7604">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20251535CE8E962C3BF5CE1091CDF669">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1D48272C6C1A829A248F789029E40D7">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA20099B44EE42E5EE4EECE85E1EA2F3">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="D309745F0117BC6B866286928F974A31">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFE2FF81FF61FB2DFA26B1B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949847" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949847" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFE2FF81FF61FB2DFA26B1B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFE2FF81FF61FB2DFA26B1B7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE2FF80FF61FB2DFC34B3EC" box="[151,910,1221,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FB2DFC34B3EC" blockId="6.[151,910,1221,1247]" box="[151,910,1221,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<heading id="7F418184FFE2FF80FF61FB2DFC34B3EC" bold="true" box="[151,910,1221,1247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" reason="1">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FF61FB2DFC34B3EC" bold="true" box="[151,910,1221,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
Key to galls of Israeli oak
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FE2AFB2DFDE7B3EC" ID-CoL="8VX" ID-ENA="73401" box="[476,605,1221,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FD7DFB2DFC34B3EC" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[651,910,1221,1247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FD7DFB2DFC34B3EC" bold="true" box="[651,910,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Quercus ithaburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE2FF81FF61FAE4FA26B1B7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="key">
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FAE4FA21B20D" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FAE4FA21B212" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1292,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FAE4FA21B212" box="[151,1435,1292,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">1. Acorn or catkin galls, found in spring...................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FAC1FA21B20D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1321,1342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FAC1FA21B20D" box="[151,1435,1321,1342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Leaf, bud, or twig galls, found in spring or fall.............................................................. 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FAAEFA21B2A5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FAAEFA21B24A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FAAEFA21B24A" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
2. Scaly gall in young acorn, up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FDEEFAAEFDE1B268" box="[536,603,1350,1371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
long, not sticky, light green.................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCB5FA8CFB2AB24A" authority="(Kollar)" baseAuthorityName="Kollar" box="[835,1168,1380,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliens">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCB5FA8CFB80B24A" box="[835,1082,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Pseudoneuroterus saliens</emphasis>
(Kollar)
</taxonomicName>
, sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB8FA8CFA2EB24A" box="[1358,1428,1380,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–58" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[152,1435,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 53–58. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 53. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 2, sexual generation; 54. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, sexual generation; 55. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, sexual generation; 56. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 1, sexual generation; 57. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, sexual generation; 58. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610043/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FA69FA21B2A5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1409,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FA69FA21B2A5" box="[151,1435,1409,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Catkin gall, different from above......................................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61FA76FA21B138" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FA76FA26B2DD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FA76FA26B2DD" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
3. Common spherical gall,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE3AFA76FD89B280" box="[460,563,1438,1459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
in diameter, composed of thin-walled, flat subunits, light green to reddish, sometimes with velvety cover when young, light brown when mature; occupies entire catkin....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FC42FA31FBDCB2DD" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" box="[948,1126,1497,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FC42FA31FBDCB2DD" box="[948,1126,1497,1518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Andricus cecconii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAD1FA31FA2FB2DD" box="[1319,1429,1497,1518]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–52" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1677,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610041/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Figs 47–48</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61FA1EFA21B138" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1526,1547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61FA1EFA21B138" box="[151,1435,1526,1547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Smaller gall, tapered or ovoid, usually in clusters............................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61F9FCFA21B175" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F9FCFA21B11A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1556,1577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F9FCFA21B11A" box="[151,1435,1556,1577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">4. Conical, tapered galls.................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F9D9FA21B175" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1585,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F9D9FA21B175" box="[151,1435,1585,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Velvety, ovoid galls.................................................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61F9A6FA26B1AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F9A6FA26B150" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1436,1614,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F9A6FA26B150" box="[151,1436,1614,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
5. Clustered galls up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE5AF9A6FE4FB150" box="[428,501,1614,1635]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long each, cryptic, light brown...............
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FC2FF9A6FB37B150" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[985,1165,1614,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriarius">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FC2FF9A6FB37B150" box="[985,1165,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Andricus coriarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9F9A6FA2FB150" box="[1359,1429,1614,1635]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–52" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1677,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610041/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F984FA26B1AD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F984FA26B1AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
- Clustered, galls up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE44F984FE53B1B2" box="[434,489,1644,1665]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long each, light green and soft when young, bright red to deep purple and rigid when mature..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FC66F961FBDCB1AD" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[912,1126,1673,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FC66F961FBDCB1AD" box="[912,1126,1673,1694]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Andricus grossulariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAD1F961FA2FB1AD" box="[1319,1429,1673,1694]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–52" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1677,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610041/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Figs 49–50</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61F94EFA21B1C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F94EFA26B1EA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F94EFA26B1EA" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
6. Cryptic, ovoid galls,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE2FF80FE5CF94EFDB1B188" box="[426,523,1702,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, green when young, light brown when mature, covered by white, velvety hair..................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCEDF92CFB2AB1EA" authority="(Giraud)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" box="[795,1168,1732,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cerroneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanuginosus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCEDF92CFB8EB1EA" box="[795,1076,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus</emphasis>
(Giraud)
</taxonomicName>
, sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9F92CFA2FB1EA" box="[1359,1429,1732,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–58" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[152,1435,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 53–58. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 53. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 2, sexual generation; 54. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, sexual generation; 55. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, sexual generation; 56. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 1, sexual generation; 57. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, sexual generation; 58. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610043/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F909FA21B1C5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1761,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F909FA21B1C5" box="[151,1435,1761,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FF61F909FF25B1C5" box="[151,159,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">-</emphasis>
More conspicuous galls, spherical or kidney-shaped.......................................................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61F916FA26B058" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F916FA21B002" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F916FA21B002" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
7. Kidney-shaped, velvey galls, up to
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long, green when young, purple-green when mature, usually in panicle clusters........................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE2FF80FCA2F8F4FB2AB002" authority="Mullner" authorityName="Mullner" box="[852,1168,1820,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FCA2F8F4FB80B002" box="[852,1082,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Andricus vindobonensis</emphasis>
Müllner
</taxonomicName>
, sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB8F8F4FA2EB002" box="[1358,1428,1820,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–52" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1677,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1435,193,1657]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610041/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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- Spherical galls,
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in diameter, light green with velvety white hair, usually not clustered......................................................................................
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE2FF80FC5EF8BEFBE0B058" box="[936,1114,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Pseudoneuroterus</emphasis>
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sp. 2, sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE2FF80FAB9F8BEFA2FB058" box="[1359,1429,1878,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–58" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[152,1435,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 53–58. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 53. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 2, sexual generation; 54. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, sexual generation; 55. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, sexual generation; 56. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 1, sexual generation; 57. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, sexual generation; 58. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610043/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61F89CFA21B095" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F89CFA21B0BA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1908,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F89CFA21B0BA" box="[151,1435,1908,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">8. Leaf galls............................................................................................ 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F879FA21B095" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1937,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F879FA21B095" box="[151,1435,1937,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Bud or twig galls..................................................................................... 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE2FF80FF61F846FA21B0D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F846FA21B0F0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1966,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F846FA21B0F0" box="[151,1435,1966,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">9. Gall constitutes integral part of leaf...................................................................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE2FF80FF61F824FA21B0D2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2017]" box="[151,1435,1996,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE2FF80FF61F824FA21B0D2" box="[151,1435,1996,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">- Gall attached to one side of leaf, detachable................................................................ 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FF7FFA21B7F9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
10. Rigid gall on the main leaf vein, up to
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wide, same color as leaf..................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FD54FF5DFD43B7F9" ID-CoL="VTL" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[674,761,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FD54FF5DFD43B7F9" box="[674,761,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nr.
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCC9FF5DFB84B7F9" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[831,1086,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusradicis">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCC9FF5DFC77B7F9" box="[831,973,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">quercusradicis</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
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, sexual (spring) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB8FF5DFA2EB7F9" box="[1358,1428,181,202]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–70" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 65–70. Galls on various Quercus species. 65. Andricus sp. nr. quercusradicis, sexual generation on leaf of Quercus ithaburensis; 66. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 67. Andricus multiplicatus, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 68. Andricus melikai, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 69. Andricus sp. nr. amenti, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 70. Cerroneuroterus sp. nr. lanuginosus, asexual generation on Quercus libani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610047/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FF3AFA21B7D4" box="[151,1435,210,231]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">- Gall not on the main leaf vein........................................................................... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FF07FA26B60C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FF07FA26B60C" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
11. Big, amorphous gall, occupying entire or most of leaf, hard and inflated on underside, soft and covered by dense hair on upper side, green with white hair when young, dark brown with golden hair when mature........................................................................................
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCA8FEC2FC0FB60C" box="[862,949,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus</emphasis>
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sp. nr.
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FC0DFEC2FB81B60C" box="[1019,1083,298,319]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="istvani">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FC0DFEC2FB81B60C" box="[1019,1083,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">istvani</emphasis>
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, sexual (spring) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9FEC2FA2FB60C" box="[1359,1429,298,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 59–64. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 60–61. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FEAFFA26B6A4" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FEAFFA26B6A4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FF61FEAFFF25B66F" box="[151,159,327,348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
Smaller, spherical gall, up to
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in diameter, with tapered apical extension up to
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long, hard and green when young, dark brown when old.............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FDF9FE6AFB88B6A4" authority="Melika, Tavakoli, Stone &amp; Azizkhani" authorityName="Melika, Tavakoli, Stone &amp; Azizkhani" box="[527,1074,386,407]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikoi">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FDF9FE6AFD78B6A4" box="[527,706,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dryocosmus mikoi</emphasis>
Melika, Tavakoli, Stone &amp; Azizkhani
</taxonomicName>
, sexual (spring) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FABFFE6AFA2BB6A4" box="[1353,1425,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 59–64. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 60–61. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FE77FA21B6E1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FE77FA21B687" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,415,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FE77FA21B687" box="[151,1435,415,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">12. Flattened gall with central pit, very hairy, usually in clusters................................................... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FE55FA21B6E1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,445,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FE55FA21B6E1" box="[151,1435,445,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">- Spherical or elliptical gall, smooth, often in clusters......................................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FE32FA26B53F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FE32FA26B53F" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
13. Gall up to
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in diameter,
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high, completely covered by white to golden, silky, long hairs, black at center.........................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCFAFE1FFB9FB53F" box="[780,1061,503,524]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cerroneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanuginosus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCFAFE1FFB9FB53F" box="[780,1061,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus</emphasis>
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, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAD1FE1FFA2FB53F" box="[1319,1429,503,524]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 59–64. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 60–61. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 60–61</figureCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FDFDFA26B574" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FDFDFA26B574" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
- Gall up to
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in diameter,
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high, somewhat flower-shaped with irregular rims, completely covered by white to pinkish hairs, white at center.......................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FD31FDDAFBEAB574" authority="(Melika)" baseAuthorityName="Melika" box="[711,1104,562,583]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cerroneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyulaigaraiae">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FD31FDDAFC48B574" box="[711,1010,562,583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae</emphasis>
(Melika)
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, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9FDDAFA2FB574" box="[1359,1429,562,583]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 59–64. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 60–61. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
)
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14. Succulent, spherical gall, up to
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in diameter when mature, usually next to leaf vein. Tiny, soft and green, covered by short black hairs when young, green to velvety brown when mature.................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCCAFD62FBEAB5AC" authority="(Sternlicht)" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" box="[828,1104,650,671]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Chilaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="israeli">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCCAFD62FC60B5AC" box="[828,986,650,671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Chilaspis israeli</emphasis>
(Sternlicht)
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, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9FD62FA2FB5AC" box="[1359,1429,650,671]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[154,1437,196,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[150,1437,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 59–64. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 59. Chilaspis israeli, asexual generation; 60–61. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, asexual generation; 62. Cerroneuroterus gyulaigaraiae, asexual generation; 63. Andricus sp. nr. istvani, sexual generation; 64. Dryocosmus mikoi, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610045/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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- Gall up to
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in diameter, elliptical or ovoid............................................................. 15
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15. Rigid, elliptical gall on main leaf vein, up to
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long,
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high, usually on underside but sometimes on upperside of leaf or on petiole, light brown to brown........................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCA0FD0AFBF7B5C4" box="[854,1101,738,759]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliens">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCA0FD0AFBF7B5C4" box="[854,1101,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Pseudoneuroterus saliens</emphasis>
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, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB8FD0AFA2EB5C4" box="[1358,1428,738,759]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–58" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[152,1435,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 53–58. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 53. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 2, sexual generation; 54. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, sexual generation; 55. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, sexual generation; 56. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 1, sexual generation; 57. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, sexual generation; 58. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610043/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FD17FA26B401" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FD17FA26B401" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FF61FD17FF25B427" box="[151,159,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
Ovoid gall,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FEA4FD17FE09B427" box="[338,435,767,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
long, sometimes on main leaf vein, up to
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wide, accompanied by a thin, leafy ‘wing’, on underside of leaf. Yellow-green and shiny.............................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FC9FFCF5FBF7B401" box="[873,1101,797,818]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FC9FFCF5FBF7B401" box="[873,1101,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Neuroterus anthracinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9FCF5FA2FB401" box="[1359,1429,797,818]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–70" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[150,1436,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 65–70. Galls on various Quercus species. 65. Andricus sp. nr. quercusradicis, sexual generation on leaf of Quercus ithaburensis; 66. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 67. Andricus multiplicatus, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 68. Andricus melikai, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 69. Andricus sp. nr. amenti, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 70. Cerroneuroterus sp. nr. lanuginosus, asexual generation on Quercus libani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610047/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FCD2FA21B4B9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FCD2FA21B45F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FCD2FA21B45F" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
16. Conspicuous, spherical to ovoid twig gall, same color and structure of twig...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCC1FCBFFB10B45F" authority="Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" box="[823,1194,855,876]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macropterus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCC1FCBFFBD8B45F" box="[823,1122,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Pseudoneuroterus macropterus</emphasis>
Hartig
</taxonomicName>
, asexual (fall) generation
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FC9DFA21B4B9" box="[151,1435,885,906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">- Bud gall............................................................................................ 17</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FC7AFA21B4F7" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FC7AFA21B494" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FC7AFA21B494" box="[151,1435,914,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">17. Cryptic spring gall.................................................................................... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FC47FA21B4F7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,943,964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FC47FA21B4F7" box="[151,1435,943,964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">- Conspicuous fall or spring gall.......................................................................... 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FC25FA26B309" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FC25FA26B4CC" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FC25FA26B4CC" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
18. Smooth, conical, single-unit gall,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FDD3FC25FD3CB4D1" box="[549,646,973,994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
long, sheathed by bud scales, thin walled, same color as scales.............................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCF9FC02FB80B4CC" box="[783,1082,1002,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macropterus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCF9FC02FB80B4CC" box="[783,1082,1002,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Pseudoneuroterus macropterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sexual (spring) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9FC02FA2FB4CC" box="[1359,1429,1002,1023]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–58" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[152,1435,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 53–58. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 53. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 2, sexual generation; 54. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, sexual generation; 55. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, sexual generation; 56. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 1, sexual generation; 57. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, sexual generation; 58. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610043/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FBEFFA26B309" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FBEFFA26B309" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
- Velvety, spherical, gall,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FE31FBEFFD92B32F" box="[455,552,1031,1052]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, composed of several fused units, each
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FBE1FBEFFBC2B32F" box="[1047,1144,1031,1052]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2 mm</quantity>
in diameter..................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCB8FBCDFC41B309" ID-CoL="72TD" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[846,1019,1061,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Pseudoneuroterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCB8FBCDFC41B309" box="[846,1019,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Pseudoneuroterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1, sexual (spring) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FABFFBCDFA2BB309" box="[1353,1425,1061,1082]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–58" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1666,1689]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,193,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[152,1435,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 53–58. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 53. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 2, sexual generation; 54. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, sexual generation; 55. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, sexual generation; 56. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 1, sexual generation; 57. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, sexual generation; 58. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, asexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610043/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FBAAFA21B347" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FBAAFA21B364" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,1090,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FBAAFA21B364" box="[151,1435,1090,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">19. Spherical, smooth, single-unit gall....................................................................... 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FBB7FA21B347" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,1119,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FBB7FA21B347" box="[151,1435,1119,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">- Partly or completely hairy gall, composed of several units.................................................... 23</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FB95FA21B39C" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FB95FA21B3A1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,1149,1170]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FB95FA21B3A1" box="[151,1435,1149,1170]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
20. Gall up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FEB1FB95FE33B3A1" box="[327,393,1149,1170]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in diameter........................................................................... 21
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FB72FA21B39C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,1178,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FB72FA21B39C" box="[151,1435,1178,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
- Gall more than
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FE81FB72FE03B39C" box="[375,441,1178,1199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in diameter, multi-chambered........................................................ 22
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FB5FFA21B217" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FB5FFA26B3D9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FB5FFA26B3D9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
21. Gall light green when young, light brown to brown when mature, sometimes slightly wrinkled, with free internal, ovoid larval chamber................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FE07FB3DFB92B3D9" authority="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" box="[497,1064,1237,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FE07FB3DFD18B3D9" box="[497,674,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Aphelonyx persica</emphasis>
Melika, Stone, Sadeghi &amp; Pujade-Villar
</taxonomicName>
, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAD1FB3DFA2FB3D9" box="[1319,1429,1237,1258]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 37–38</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FB1AFA21B217" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FB1AFA21B217" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
- Gall same color as branch, extremely hard and thick-walled, without free internal larval chamber...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FD7FFAE7FCFBB217" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[649,833,1295,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriarius">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FD7FFAE7FCFBB217" box="[649,833,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus coriarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gall invaded by
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FC17FAE7FB2EB217" box="[993,1172,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FC17FAE7FB35B217" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" box="[993,1167,1295,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">Synophrus politus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
sexual generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB8FAE7FA2EB217" box="[1358,1428,1295,1316]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FAC5FA26B2A9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FAC5FA27B26C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FAC5FA27B26C" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
22. Spherical gall, sometimes wrinkly, up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FD83FAC5FD03B271" box="[629,697,1325,1346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in diameter, light green and fleshy when young, light brown to brown and rigid when mature..........
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FDF9FAA2FD7BB26C" authorityName="Melika, Stone, Sadeghi &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2004" box="[527,705,1354,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FDF9FAA2FD7BB26C" box="[527,705,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Aphelonyx persica</emphasis>
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gall invaded by
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FC97FAA2FBA0B26C" box="[865,1050,1354,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FC97FAA2FBA0B26C" box="[865,1050,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Synergus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAEDFAA2FA28B26C" box="[1307,1426,1354,1375]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1424,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610035/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 39–40</figureCitation>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FA8FFA26B2A9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FA8FFA26B2A9" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
- Spherical to amorphic gall, up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FDD7FA8FFDDEB24F" box="[545,612,1383,1404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in diameter, extremely hard, same color and texture as branch............................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FDE5FA6DFCAAB2A9" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[531,784,1413,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivieri">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FDE5FA6DFD7EB2A9" box="[531,708,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Synophrus olivieri</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
, sexual (spring) generation, original gall inducer unknown (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9FA6DFA2FB2A9" box="[1359,1429,1413,1434]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FA4AFA21B2C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FA4AFA26B2E7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FA4AFA26B2E7" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
23. Very sticky, deeply grooved, velvety gall, up to
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE3FF81FD5DFA4AFD54B284" box="[683,750,1442,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in diameter, at tips of young branches, bright green to deep purple........................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCB8FA57FBE0B2E7" authority="Mullner" authorityName="Mullner" box="[846,1114,1471,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCB8FA57FBBEB2E7" box="[846,1028,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dryocosmus mayri</emphasis>
Müllner
</taxonomicName>
, sexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9FA57FA2FB2E7" box="[1359,1429,1471,1492]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FA35FA21B2C1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" box="[151,1435,1501,1522]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FA35FA21B2C1" box="[151,1435,1501,1522]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">- Gall not sticky, different from above...................................................................... 24</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9F422E4DFFE3FF81FF61FA12FA26B1B7" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61FA12FA26B179" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61FA12FA26B179" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
24. Spherical gall composed of rigid mushroom-shaped subunits; green, soft and completely covered by short, white fuzz when young, woody and fuzzy only on tip of subunits when mature....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FCDCF9DDFB92B179" authority="Shachar" authorityName="Shachar" box="[810,1064,1589,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miriami">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FCDCF9DDFC68B179" box="[810,978,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus miriami</emphasis>
Shachar
</taxonomicName>
, asexual (fall) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAD1F9DDFA2FB179" box="[1319,1429,1589,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 43–44</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE3FF81FF61F9BAFA26B1B7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="9F4795DDFFE3FF81FF61F9BAFA26B1B7" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
- Amorphous, very hairy gall, composed of small triangular subunits, densely covered by long hair, whitish-pinkish when young, golden-brown when mature..............................
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE3FF81FC6BF987FB81B1B7" box="[925,1083,1647,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Chilaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="israeli">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE3FF81FC6BF987FB81B1B7" box="[925,1083,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Chilaspis israeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sexual (spring) generation (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE3FF81FAB9F987FA2FB1B7" box="[1359,1429,1647,1668]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–46" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[150,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 41–46. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 41. Synophrus politus, sexual generation; 42. Synophrus olivieri sexual generation; 43. Andricus miriami, asexual generation; 44. Same, old gall; 45. Chilaspis israeli, sexual generation; 46. Dryocosmus mayri, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610039/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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